UA72315C2 - Method of improving the filling ability of tobacco materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the filling ability of tobacco, such as cut tobacco leaves, or ribs, or plant tobacco additives with a cell structure, whereby the tobacco material, with an initial water content of 8 to 16 wt %, is treated with a gas, comprising nitrogen and/or argon at pressures from 50 to 1000 bar, either in аn autoclave, or in a cascade-like series or several autoclaves and, finally, after completion of a decompression, a thermal after-treatment. The invention is characterised in that the decompression is carried out with at least one holding stage, the pressure of which corresponds to 3 to 60 %, preferably, 3 to 30 % of the original maximum pressure and that the heating of the system under residual pressure is carried out, such that the temperature of the tobacco on withdrawal after the complete release of pressure is in the range 10 to 80°С. The elevation of temperature of the system under residual pressure is effected by a holding stage, a circulation over a heat exchanger and/or passing hot gas over the system, whereby the release or pressure from the maximum pressure to the pressure of the holding stage occurs over a period of 20 seconds to 5 minutes and the release of the residual pressure occurs over a period of 3 seconds to 3 minutes.

Description

Polyvinyl chlorides and a pipe with a perforated bottom were used to receive tobacco in the autoclave. Gas supply during pressure increase was carried out until the final pressure value of 700 bar was reached. At the same time, they used

300g of Migdipia-Viepa tobacco with a moisture content of 1295. The results of the experiments are given in the tables, and Ta means the initial temperature of the high-pressure processed tobacco. In experiment 1, when the pressure was reduced, two stages of holding for 2 minutes were used at pressure values of 400 and 100bar, and in experiments 2 and 3 - only one stage of holding for 2 and 4 minutes, respectively, at a pressure of 5X0bar. In the comparative experiment Me4, the pressure reduction was carried out directly, without a holding stage, for a period of time less than 1 minute.

Table 1

Results of experiments 00068011 111111111180

Me Operation reduction.d//////////////// | TAS | J | tA | A 1 | Stages of exposure for 2 minutes at 400 and 100 bar..// | 16 2 | 83 | - | - 2 |Stages of retention of 5Oobar.0//:/../ | 15. | 93 | 20 | 90

With |The holding stage is 4 minutes.0//:/./ | 77/33 | 93 | 4 | 9 4 o |Imperatives (comparison) d /-/-:/. | 7-25 | 80 | 3 | 81

The above results of experiments Me1-3, conducted at different values of pressure and time at the stages of holding and two values of the working temperature of the autoclave compared to experiment Me4 with a direct decrease in pressure, show that holding at a predetermined pressure provides a significant increase in temperature at the outlet from -25" C or -3"C to 337C and i41"C, respectively, and - in contrast to the previous technical practice - improvement of tobacco filling, despite higher initial temperature values.

Example 2

Similarly to example 2, 150 grams of tobacco were treated with high pressure at an autoclave operating temperature of 40"C. During the pressure reduction in experiment Me5, a holding stage was carried out for 2 minutes at a pressure of 50 bar, and during the holding period, gas circulation was carried out using a circulation pump through a heat exchanger with a temperature of 80"C. Gas supply during pressure increase and during circulation was carried out in this example from above, and gas removal during the stage of exposure and pressure reduction was carried out downwards. The sealing ring between the upper edge of the tobacco delivery device and the autoclave lid ensures direct gas supply to the tobacco delivery device.

Table 2

Results of experiments

Me Operation of reduction.//////7777777 11111 TATS 11111111 heat exchanger (807С) (0 | Without endurance (comparison)d /-/-://////1 11111105 | 77777771771769СсС2С in

Example C

Processing was carried out similarly to example 2, and during pressure reduction, a holding stage was used for 1 minute at a pressure of 50 bar and the supply of heated gas from the second autoclave, called the donor, to the autoclave in which tobacco processing was carried out. The pressure in the donor before overflowing was 100 bar, and the working temperature was 80"C with a volume of 4 liters. Gas supply during pressure increase and overflow was carried out from below, gas removal during the holding stage and when pressure decreased was carried out upwards.

Table C

Results of experiments

Me | The operation of reduction.u///:/ | TAS HER 777 Av S.,

The exposure stage is 1 min. at 50 bar, overflow 7 from the donor, pressure 100 bar, working temperature 16 60

The above examples 2 and 3 - in contrast to example 1, in which heating was assumed by increasing the operating temperature during the holding stage - show that by circulating according to example 2 through a heat exchanger or supplying gas from a donor according to example C at a constant pressure at during the aging stage, even at the working temperature of the processing autoclave, which is called the acceptor, 40"C, an elevated output temperature is achieved. Especially in the variant with gas overflow from the donor autoclave according to example C, a clear improvement in the capacity is achieved compared to the comparative experiment Mob of example 2.

To explain this impressive result, it can be assumed that heating the tobacco under residual pressure leads to a preliminary fluffing, thanks to which there is an additional improvement in the filling, which cannot be achieved by known methods. To confirm this assumption, in the following example 4, the pressure treatment was carried out without the final heat treatment with saturated steam in order to check the possible effect of preliminary loosening, and the treated samples were conditioned directly. Although the improvement in bulkiness without the final heat treatment is small, in the following example 4 an additional bulkiness effect was noted when heated under pressure.

Example 4 150g of tobacco was subjected to high-pressure treatment at an autoclave operating temperature of 60"C, and the tobacco was not subjected to final heat treatment after the pressure was completely reduced. When the pressure was reduced, a holding stage lasting 1 minute was performed at a pressure of 50 bar with the flow of heated gas from the second autoclave, similarly to the example C, and the donor autoclave before overflow had a pressure of 200 bar and an operating temperature of 80"C. In the comparative experiment of Me9, pressure reduction was carried out directly and without a holding stage.

Table 4

Results of experiments

Me | 0 Operation reduction./:/ | TAS | 77777777

The exposure stage is 1 min. at 50 bar, overflow from the donor, pressure 200 bar, working temperature 19 21 0 9 | Absences (comparisons)//-/-://-://. | -:(///-69,.4...... |Y..7171717171171811сСс1

The above results confirm the assumption of a slight preliminary loosening before thermal final treatment with saturated steam during heating of high-pressure treated tobacco under residual pressure.

The following examples 5 and 6 represent a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, according to which the same tobacco material is subjected to high pressure treatment or high pressure treatment and final heat treatment.

Example 5 150 g of tobacco in the first stage was subjected to high pressure processing at the operating temperature of autoclave 607 similarly to example C by flowing heated process gas from the autoclave-donor with a stage of exposure at constant pressure.

The donor autoclave before overflow had a pressure of 300 bar and an operating temperature of 80 "C; parameters of the holding stage: 1 minute at a pressure of 200 bar.

The fluffed and conditioned according to example Me10 the tobacco material from the first stage was used as the starting material for the next processing cycle, which consisted of high pressure processing and final heat processing. 100g of tobacco was subjected to high-pressure treatment at an autoclave operating temperature of 60"C, and when the pressure was reduced, the aging stage was performed for 1 minute at a pressure of 100bar.

The donor autoclave had a pressure of 200 bar at an operating temperature of 80°C. The results of this experiment and the Mo10 experiment are shown in Table 5.

Table 5

The results of the experiments 0 Operation reduction.//| TAS HER 77777711 АЕСССС1СС

Dwelling stage min at 200 bar, overflow from the donor, pressure 300 bar, working temperature 26 0 um | m | MULU 11 from a donor, pressure 200 bar, working temperature 24 and about tobacco from example 10) in

Example 6

Processing was carried out similarly to example 5, however, in this example, two identical cycles of pressure treatment were successively performed, and after that - final heat treatment. The results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6

The results of the experiments The operation is reduced.////17777 TAS Food

Dwelling stage 1 min at 100 bar, overflow 103 (double processing 12 from the donor, pressure 200 bar, Ko) pressure with the following

Working temperature 80? heat treatment

While the tobacco material loosened at stage 1 of example 5 was used for re-processing at stage 2, in example 6 the cycle of pressure treatment was successively repeated twice and only after that the pressure-treated tobacco material was subjected to final heat treatment. Both examples of the method are based on the principle of repeated fluffing by repeating the sequence of high pressure treatment and additional heat treatment or only repeated high pressure treatment and final heat treatment.

Example 5 shows that the effectiveness of the first stage of fluffing by re-processing in stage 2 can be increased and a very high content of tobacco material is achieved. Example 6 is simplified by omitting additional processing, but does not achieve the maximum value of Example 5.