UA72037C2 - Shelter for protection against hail - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a shelter for protection against hail consisting of a rigid frame formed with vertical posts, bearing at their upper part at least two crosspieces (4) mutually connected by at least two transverse purlins (5), whereon is arranged a roof (6) in the form of an open-worked structure designed to ensure protection of a ground space against hailstones. The invention is characterised in that the cover (6) consists of a plurality of individual elements (7) shaped, prior to their installation, into a profile adapted to make them self-supporting and arranged juxtaposed, between two successive purlins (5) whereto they are secured with fixing means, linking said self-supporting elements (7), to the purlins (5) by their ends (7a).

Description

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to a shelter for protection against hail, which should protect a limited space on which 2 is located a material sensitive to the impact of hail.

The invention is used mainly in the automotive industry to protect vehicles, the metal body and glass surfaces of which are particularly damaged by such precipitation.

Even a garden of ordinary dimensions, that is, with a diameter of about 2 centimeters, can lead to deformation of the fine polishing of a modern car. In the event that hailstones are larger than normal, their impact 70 can damage all windows, including the windshield. That is why in regions with a cold climate and an increased risk of this meteorological phenomenon, people usually put their cars in shelters - natural or artificial. In this regard, a particularly difficult problem arises for car manufacturers and concessionaires, who are forced to pile up cars on sites, the sizes of which make it economically unprofitable to use a completely closed shelter over them. 12 The only known devices characterizing the level of technology borrowed from the empirical principle of protecting fruit trees, when stretching a synthetic canvas between poles, the upper parts of which are tied together with ropes. In particular, a known shelter for protection against hail in the form of a supporting structure consisting of at least one row of vertical studs, which are equipped with a transverse beam in their upper part. Thanks to this, the resulting structures have a cross-shaped shape; at the same time, the ends of the side branches of these structures are connected by a rope, similar to the upper parts of a row of masts. This configuration allows you to get a classic shelter made of synthetic fabric like an awning. Thus, the hailstones, hitting the canvas, roll down its outer surface, and then naturally, under the influence of their weight, fall over the outer edge of the shelter or fall into the drainage groove at the intersection of two rows.

However, certain very significant disadvantages can limit the attractiveness of this type of hail shelter. This mainly concerns the specific qualities of the canvas, which, due to its artificial origin, is very sensitive to natural factors. Prolonged exposure to light or significant temperature changes can cause the rapid destruction of fibers of this type and, as a result, lead to an inevitable decrease in the strength of the fabric, which in this case is very easily stretched and torn. Therefore, it is necessary to change the canvas often, which significantly increases the cost of such a structure. in 30 In connection with the inability to withstand a very large mass, the canvas is tilted at such an angle that hailstones can immediately collect in the drain groove or be removed outside along the perimeter of the hail shelter. This necessity requires the use of a fairly high supporting structure, as a result of which the overall volume of the device significantly exceeds the size of the surface it protects, and gusts of wind can significantly affect the strength of the structure.

This invention aims to get rid of the above-mentioned disadvantages, and for this purpose, a shelter for - protection against hail is proposed, which contains a rigid frame formed by vertical posts, the upper part of which serves as a support for at least two transverse elements connected to each other by at least two transverse purlins, on which there is a protective covering designed to protect a certain area of land from hail, which "is distinguished by the fact that this covering consists of at least one element in the form of an openwork structure. C 70 In the given example of the embodiment of the invention, the coating consists of a certain number of individual elements, which, before their assembly, are given such a shape, thanks to which they have self-supporting capacity and are located by

From" a tight fit between two adjacent rungs, to which these elements are attached with the help of fasteners connecting the ends of the specified self-supporting elements with the rungs.

The advantage of the proposed solution is that the required shape is given to the elements before their 45 installation and this can be done in the factory on high-performance sheet bending machines, which allows the use of wider sheets of staff or perforated metal, thanks to which it is possible to obtain modular coverings of a larger size and thus increase the span width.

If the spans are too wide, it is possible to provide for the installation of an intermediate span if necessary. o In yet another example, the supporting frame consists of purlins connected transversely with the help of

Ge) 20 transverse bars, and a flexible covering element is located between every two spans by interweaving with different separating transverse bars. tm This invention also relates to the distinctive features referred to in the following description; these features should be considered separately or in all technically possible combinations.

In this description, which is given as a non-limiting example, for a better understanding of ways of implementing the present invention, references to the accompanying drawings are used, namely:

GF) Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a shelter for protection against hail according to the first embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the shelter shown in Fig. 1 with a partial section on an enlarged scale. 60 Fig. 3 shows an enlarged partial section of one of the self-supporting elements that make up the cover of the shelter shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a shelter for protection against hail according to the second embodiment of the invention.

In fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section in the A-A plane of the shelter for protection against hail, shown in Fig. 4. because Fig. 6b is a front view showing the grid of the metal coating element.

The shelter shown in Fig. 1 for protection against hail 1 consists of a rigid frame 2, formed by vertical posts 3, which are fixed in the ground and the upper part of which serves as a support for parallel to each other transverse elements 4, which are connected to each other also parallel to each other transverse beams 5, on which the cover 6 shown in assembled form is located, which has the appearance of an openwork design and is intended to protect a certain surface below it from hail.

According to the implementation example, the cover 6 consists of a certain number of individual elements 7, which before their installation are given such a shape that they become self-supporting, and therefore located by a tight fit between two adjacent purlins 5, to which these elements are attached with the help of 7/0 fasteners connecting the ends 7a of the above-mentioned self-supporting elements 7 with the beams 5.

In the general case, each of the self-supporting elements 7 is openwork and its cross-section has the shape of a profile with at least one convexity.

According to the implementation example not presented in this text, the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting elements has the form of two parallel side shelves, the tops of which are connected to each other by 7/5 using a rounded section, due to which the formed profile has the shape of the letter M.

In another implementation example not presented in this text, the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting elements also has the form of two parallel side shelves, the tops of which are connected to each other by means of a straight perpendicular segment, due to which the formed profile has the shape of the letter P.

Similarly, in the cross-section example not shown here, the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting 2o elements has the form of two side shelves, the tops of which are connected to each other in such a way that the formed profile has the shape of a triangle.

In the example shown in the figures, the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting elements 7 has the form of two lateral shelves 8 located at an angle to each other, the tops of which are connected to each other by means of a straight segment 9 in such a way that the formed profile has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid. high school

Another feature of the invention is that the two side shelves 8 of each of the self-supporting elements 7 are the same in height, and their free ends have extensions 10, which lie in the same plane and are directed outwards, i) forming a profile in the shape of the letter omega, which gives element of greater strength, and also ensures the stability of its location on the spans 5 and allows you to place fastening parts on these extensions.

According to another feature of the invention, the edges of the planar extensions 10 of each of the two side shelves 8 of each M of the self-supporting element 7 are themselves made in such a way that they have an upward bend 11, deflected to a given height at an angle of more than 907 to the indicated extensions 10, and the bend 11 of one self-supporting element 7 must interact with the bend 11 of the next element 7, coming into contact with it. at

Self-supporting openwork elements 7 are made mainly of sheet metal, which is subjected to bending. with

Self-supporting elements 7 can also be made of perforated sheet metal, as well as of M pressed plastic, which should be reinforced if necessary.

As for the fasteners for attaching the self-supporting elements 7 to the beams 5, they can be screws (not shown) that are inserted into the corresponding holes 12 that already exist or are to be made in the planar extensions 10 of the side shelves 8 of the aforementioned elements 7. At the same time the edges of the last 7a " rest on the beams 5, in the case of the staff metal, the holes 12 can actually be the holes created by the staff metal.

Presented in fig. 1 example of shelter 1 consists of a certain number of spans, each of which;" is limited by two successive runs parallel to each other 5, located at right angles to the transverse beams 4, due to which the covering 6 formed in this way has a quadrangular shape and consists of a set of self-supporting elements 7, which, by tightly fitting, create a span and fit into the joint -I with the self-supporting elements 7 of the next flight.

In the second implementation example (see fig. 4, 5 and 6), the bearing structure of the shelter for protection against hail 20 o has the form of a metal frame with an I-shaped section. In this particular case, such a supporting structure o consists of two identical parts, each of which is formed by two vertical posts 21, 22, the tops of which are connected by a horizontal beam 23, 24. Four posts 21, 22, fixed in the ground 25, are placed in o four corners of the rectangle in such a way that two transverse beams 23, 24 are located parallel to each other,

And practically in the horizontal plane.

The protective device, which supports the supporting structure, in this case is created by tightly fitting the elements of the soft cover 26. Each of these elements is attached separately by means of the base part, forming a section of the rigid frame 27 of the modular structure. All these sections are similar in composition and each of them is connected to the adjacent section by means of a common transitional element. In this (F) way, their number can vary from one to infinity depending on the size of the space that needs to be protected.

According to the implementation example shown in fig. 4, the rigid frame 27 consists of three basic sections separated by metal purlins 28, 29, 30, 31; these runs are located parallel to each other and are connected at right angles to the transverse beams 23, 24 by means of horizontal bars 32, and the runs 29 and 30 are the common elements defined above. On the other hand, all these runs 28, 29, 30, 31 with a C-shaped section have a vertical rib, across which holes 33 are made at the same distance from each other and are located in two overlapping rows. These holes are intended for fixation of transverse beams 34, 35 65. In the form of metal pipes, which are connected to the specified purlins, ensuring the invariance of the relative deviation of the distance between them.

The openings 33 of the runs 28 and 29, 29 and 30, 30 and 31 are made directly opposite each other in such a way that the mutually parallel transverse bars 34, 35 are placed almost horizontally. As can be seen in fig. 5, the cross bars 34, 35 of the same section do not occupy all available openings, but instead use the mentioned two levels in turn, and the cross bars 34 of the upper level are simply shifted in height relative to the bars 35 from the lower level. The location of the unoccupied openings 33 also has a zigzag appearance, only with an inverse alternation relative to the plane of symmetry that runs along each run 28, 29, 30, 31 with a C-shaped section. Thus, these holes can be successfully used to fix the cross bars 34, 35 of the adjacent section; while these latter bars also appear to be distributed in the same 7/0 manner, only in reverse order.

The most rational is the solution, according to which each element used to form the cover 26 is stretched on the supporting frame 27 with the help of a tensioning device 36. The principle of operation of this device is no different from the usual one, and therefore in fig. 4 and 5 it is not shown in detail.

Schematically, this device consists of a mechanical gate that interacts with a polygonal or circular 7/5 pipe with the possibility of rotation, on which one of the edges of the cover element 26 is to be wound. If for any reason the tension on the support frame 27 is reduced, the element can be re-tensioned coating 26 referred to by rotating the above tube. In order for such a rotation of the pipe to be possible, both of its ends interact with the through hole, which is made at the end of the runs 28, 29, 30, 31.

In this implementation example, the element of the soft cover 26 consists of a sheet of staff metal 37, 2 with a lattice structure as shown in Fig.b. The dimensions of the holes are calculated in such a way that they retain hail, while at the same time letting rain and water formed from melting hail. The special nature of the placement of this sheet of staff metal 37 is associated with the alternate distribution in two levels of transverse bars 34, 35, which are appropriately located between the purlins. This sheet is located on the supporting frame 27 and passes over the transverse bars 34 of the upper level and under the transverse bars 35 of the lower level, thus forming a broken line in the cross section, which consists of identical angles that alternately meet or protrude. Therefore, the covering element 26 is stretched using the tensioning device C6, i) reaching the desired tension.

There is no doubt about the need to protect certain metal parts used against any forms of oxidation; this is done by appropriate surface treatment or simply by using a metal that is resistant to aggressive effects of this type. In particular, the transverse bars 34, 35 and the covering elements 26 can be made mainly of galvanized or stainless steel. at

As it should be, and as follows from the above quite detailed data, this invention is not limited to individual cases of implementation, which have been described as preferred examples, but concerns all variants of such implementation within the scope of patent claims. with

Thus, the cover element 26 can consist of a metal grid, a metal perforated sheet, sheet metal, and any other metal part that has a flexible and openwork structure, and the grid step of this structure must be small enough to so that medium-sized hailstones cannot penetrate through the specified covering element 26.

For the same reason, the supporting structure, as well as the supporting frame 27, can be made of metal, wood, concrete, and any other material that is rigid enough to withstand the stresses characteristic of such an installation.

The advantage of this invention according to the given definition is the possibility to use the element;" metal coating, that is, a material whose mechanical properties do not change under the influence of light radiation and remain essentially unchanged in a very wide temperature range. This material

It also provides significantly higher tensile strength compared to the synthetic fabric referred to in the prior art description -I. All these characteristics provide an advantage and outstanding stability of the operational parameters of the protective device over time. o On the other hand, due to the fact that this material has a high tensile strength, such an o covering element is able to withstand a much greater load without deformation. So, an invention is distinguished by what it does

Horizontal use of the protective device is possible. In this case, the movement of hailstones stops when they stop, hitting the covering element; at the same time, they can split, then melt and flow

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Claims (7)

The formula of the invention 1. Shelter for protection against hail (1), consisting of a rigid frame (2) formed by vertical posts (3), the upper part of which serves as a support for at least two transverse elements (4), which are connected to each other by at least two transverse runes (5), on which an openwork covering (6) is located, designed to protect a certain area of land from hail, which is distinguished by the fact that the specified covering consists of a set of separate elements (7), which before their installation are given a profile, the cross section of which has at least one bulge, formed by two side shelves, which are connected to each other at the top and contain at their free ends two extensions (10), which are located in the shelter plane, the specified elements are located consecutively next to each other between two adjacent runs (5 ) and connected with them by extensions (10) by 7/0 with the help of transitional fasteners. 2. Shelter (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting elements has the form of two parallel side shelves, the tops of which are connected by a rounded section, due to which a profile in the shape of the letter | is formed. C. Shelter (1) according to claim 1, which differs in that the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting /5 elements has the form of two parallel side shelves, the tops of which are connected by a straight perpendicular segment, due to which a profile in the shape of the letter P is formed . 4. Shelter (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting elements has the form of two side shelves, the tops of which are connected in such a way as to form a triangle. 5. Shelter (1) according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the cross-section of the convexity of each of the self-supporting 2o elements has two side shelves (8) located at an angle to each other, the tops of which are connected by a straight segment in such a way that a profile (9) in the form of an isosceles trapezoid is formed. 6. Shelter (1) according to any of claims 1-5, which is characterized by the fact that the two side shelves (8) of each of the self-supporting elements (7) have the same height, and their free ends have an extension (10) in the plane of the shelter and are directed outwards, forming a profile in the shape of the letter omega, which gives the element greater strength, and also ensures the stability of its location on the purlins (5) and allows you to place fastening parts on these extensions. 7. Shelter (1) according to claim 6, which differs in that the edges of the planar extensions (10) of each of the two side shelves and) (8) of each self-supporting element are themselves made in such a way that they have an upward bend (11) deflected by a given height at an angle of more than 90" to the specified extensions (10), and the bend (11) of one self-supporting element (7) interacts with the bend (11) of the next self-supporting element (7), coming into contact with it. Article 8. Shelter (1) according to any of the above points, which is characterized by the fact that screws are used as fasteners for attaching self-supporting elements (7) to beams (5), which are inserted into the corresponding holes (12), which exist or should be made in planar extensions (10) of the side shelves (8) indicated on the elements (7), the ends (7a) of which rest on the beams (5). c Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits" , 2005, M 1, 15.01.2005. State Department of Intellectual property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. " - with ;" -I has) («c) about 50 that F) has) 60 b5