UA68095C2 - Method to grow common pine and filbert-tree in maiden sudubrava - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of joint growing of common pine and filbert-tree in maiden sudubrava, С2, includes forming the pine cultures by 1-2-year planting stock with interrows and a 1.5 m plant spacing, except the 3, 6, 9 th and further rows with a 0.75 m plant spacing of the main species with the final felling of those rows at the age of thinning. While planting the cultures, between the pine planting stock rooted filbert-tree or hazelnut layers are introduced into the paired 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8-th and further pine rows alternatively with 5 - 6 m spacing in staggered order into formed 3 m technological passages of the forest up to the age of the main felling of the pine.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to forestry and can be used to increase the efficiency of 2 forest use in conditions of fresh wood - So through the joint reproduction of pine wood, the harvesting of hazelnuts, propagation and cultivation of cultured hazelnuts.

There is a well-known method of growing pine 1.5-2.2 x 0.5-0.75 m with periodic thinning using linear-selective cutting or selective cutting. But in this case, a whole set of risk factors arises: - ecological interrelationships between plants and there is premature removal of growth carriers: trees - XI growth classes, snow fall is observed (up to 1,695 growing trees); - suppressed trees and fresh stumps (0.9-1.5 thousand pieces/ha with each felling care) are "windows of infection" for spores of the root fungus; - felled trees litter the forest with non-liquid wood, worsening the sanitary and fire prevention condition of forests; - a set of negative signs (natural liquefaction, root fungus, snow fall, snow drift, fires) destroy the structure of cultivated plantations ( 121.

A well-known method of pine cultivation is by creating liquid crops with row spacing of Ц x 0.75m (|1). But the creation of such cultures delays the formation of close ecological ties in the plantation and their formation of 720 forest environment.

Wide rows require long-term (8-10 years) agrotechnical care for the soil, which destroys their structure. At the same time, the growing lateral gills interfere with the passage of machines and mechanisms between the rows. In the upper 10-centimeter soil layer, there are up to 5,095 pine roots |2I, which grow in the direction of wide rows of up to 2.5 meters. With mechanized agrotechnical care in wide inter-row spacing, these roots are destroyed, reducing the growth of trees. Liquid crops are overgrown with weeds and often die. at

When using 3-4 meter row spacings, pine crops are closed for 15-20 years and use solar energy irrationally (9). This scheme contains a polar contradiction: the lack of competition between plants in the interrows up to 15-17 years and the fierce competition of trees in the row from 7 years, which leads to stress and unacceptable forestry consequences. о 3о Compared with 1.5-meter row spacing in 3-meter row spacing technologies, with the estimated pine (o) deforestation of Ukraine in 20,000 hectares, 5,095 pine forestry areas "walk" without producing wood for up to 15 years.

Forestry loses when processing 3-meter rows due to wasted fuel, lubricants, materials, depreciation of tractors and payment for this work. (uh)

The scheme does not provide for the use of shrubs, which reduces the phyto- and entomological stability of plantations, their fire safety, and lacks enrichment of the ecological potential of forest vegetation areas. and

The closest in terms of technical essence is the nest method of creating pine crops |13)Й. But it does not provide an opportunity to mechanize forestry work. The aggravation of root competition in the sites has a negative effect on the quality of the trunks, distorting the stem, the most valuable part of them. due to the solar factor limiting the growth of trees, part of the trees protrude their crowns into the space between the rows, reducing their resistance to snowmelt and ice. c The nest method does not allow the use of machines and mechanisms when planting crops. :z" At the basis of the invention, the task of parallel reproduction of pine assortments of a certain purpose, nuts and valuable planting material of the cultured nut tree is solved by the fact that in a fresh clump - C", pine cultures are created by 1-2-year-old seedlings with row spacing and a planting step of 1.5 m , except Z, 6, 9, etc. b 15 rows with a planting step of the main species of 0.75 m with continuous felling of these rows at the age of illumination, and paired 1, 2, 4.5, 7, 8, etc. pine rows when planting crops are introduced alternately every 5-6 bm in a staggered order between (ee) pine seedlings, rooted hazelnut or semi-hazelnut cuttings for the secondary use of nuts, as well as for the simultaneous propagation of vegetative planting material - hazelnut or semi-hazelnut cuttings in the formed 3-meter technological corridors of the stand until the age of the main cutting of the pine. se) 20 Growing plantations by this method allows you to obtain the following set of forestry and economic advantages: a) combine in one regime of density the advantages of 1.5-meter rows at the silviculture stage of growth of pine trees (successful resistance to herbaceous vegetation, rapid formation of forest environment and closure of the tree canopy), and 3-meter rows at the forestry stage (cutting every 3 rows provides 59 a timely increase in the area of tree nutrition relative to thin rows, the access of working bodies is guaranteed

GF) of forestry machines and mechanisms for each tree during the entire cycle of afforestation); 7 b) each pine is provided with the minimum necessary space for better plant development; c) the introduction of hazelnuts (half-hazelnuts) with timely felling of the third rows provides optimal conditions for the growth of not only pine, but also hazelnuts; because d) the introduction of hazelnut contributes to an earlier closure of tree crowns in rows and between rows, accelerates the mineralization of forest precipitation, increases the content of humus and nutrients in the soil (7; e) the formed 3-meter technological corridors create conditions for the vegetative reproduction of hazelnuts (half-hazelnuts) the Dalem method; e) with such a planting scheme, 440 hazelnut or semi-hazelnut bushes are grown on 1 ha. Starting from the age of 12, you can get 250 g of nuts from each bush under the pine tent. The yield of hazelnuts is 5 times higher than that of hazelnuts. In this way, the yield of hazelnuts will be 550 Okg/ha. The kernel yield is 5095. We get 275 kg of nut kernels from 1 ha of area. The cost of a kg of nuts (kernels) - UAH 15. Due to the harvest of nuts, you can get 4125 hryvnias annually. income, and by the age of 80 it can amount to 28,050 UAH. In addition, from each bush, starting at the age of 12, 5 hazelnut and semi-hazelnut seedlings can be vegetatively grown every year in the Dale method (laying of bandages in the root part of the stem, filling the base of the bush with soil or sawdust in order to form roots in the stem). The price of a seedling - UAH. In the calculation of 440 bushes, the profit is (2200 seedlings x

UAH) - 6bOO UAH. For the entire cycle of hazelnut cultivation, you can get 4488000 UAH due to the cultivation of valuable hazelnut vegetative material. (66,000 hryvnias x 68 years old). Thus, the claimed method allows, at the expense of the introduction of hazelnuts into crops, to significantly increase the yield of pine forest land in fresh sorghum (So).

An example of a specific implementation of Moi. Survey of production pine crops in state forest farms (dlg) of VLO "Sumilis".

Test area Mo1. Trostyanetski dlg, Lithuanian Forestry, fresh subir - B » (table 1). Plantation 75 is located directly on the left bank of the Vorskla River. Placement of garden places 2.2 x 0.75. The understory is dense: common oak, cherry, rowan, maple, barberry, red elder, Russian sea buckthorn.

Living ground cover: heather, common lily of the valley, celandine, Schroeder's pleurotium, male shield. In the undergrowth, there are 394 bushes/ha of ordinary hazel of various ages (this indicates that in the claimed method the number of hazelnut bushes is close to the natural density of this shrub in a pine forest). Common hazel grows and regenerates naturally in this plant area with a complete pine stand of 0.8. Individual bushes bear fruit under the canopy of a pine plantation and their yield is shown in Table 2. The average yield of one bush was 22 nuts, and the maximum yield was 70 pieces. In fresh forest, hazel grows and develops satisfactorily, but worse than in conditions of fresh sodibrow. With age, the pine plantation will thin out, and the hazel will receive more sunlight, which will contribute to increasing its yield while eliminating competition from Ge | layer of ordinary oak. at

Trial area Mo2. Trostyanetsk debt. Lithuanian forestry, fresh - subir - B" (see table 1). The plantation is the remains of a natural Lithuanian pine known in forestry circles in the 30s of the 20th century, when nine-meter logs of sawdust were harvested from each whip. In the undergrowth (of medium density) there is birch, rowan, pear, red elder, cherry, and birch. In the living ground cover 3, there are lanceolate asterisks, common lily of the valley, male shield and other representatives. Like the previous trial area, it is a typical pine plantation for Ukrainian forests with the participation of common oak and hazel. F

In the "Green Book of the Ukrainian SSR" they are included in the group of associations of oak-pine and hazel forests - "with

Ocegseo - Ripea - sopiosa - typical native old forests of Polissia. Pine trunks are characterized by high technical properties, they are well cleaned of knots with a highly formed crown. The assortment structure of the stand is shown in Table 3. A typical high yield of pine wood (539 mU/ha) and the yield of business (O assortments (I class of marketability - 84965) - 452 mU/ha. The presence of the II tier of common oak reduces the yield of hazel bushes to 11 nuts from the bush (table 4).

Test area Mo3. Trostyanetsk forest, Trostyanetsk forestry, fresh silver - S o (see table 1). Along the perimeter of the forest vegetation area, pine is lined with birch overhang. Black maple introduced in rows has an unsatisfactory marketable appearance, after cutting care, it regenerates well with steam. It is impractical to introduce black maple into Z c pine crops in rows. At the disposal of foresters are more valuable tree species (for example, "" cultural varieties of hazel - hazelnut). Around these crops, the yield of hazel bushes is taken into account (table 5): 1st row - "hazel opens onto a clearing cut in the east-west direction; 1-2 rows of vertical birch are planted from the beech, and then a massif of common pine; The 2nd row of hazel is located under the tent of a pine tree; From the row of hazel grows in a row with birch on the border with beech: south - north; 4 row of hazel under the tent of a row of vertical birch; 5

Me ryad - these are free linden bushes with full sunlight or located on the edge of the forest. The analysis of Table 5 shows that the productivity of hazel grows in direct proportion to the conditions of sunlight.

The lowest average yield of nuts was recorded under the canopy of the pine forest (6.7 nuts/bush) and under the canopy of the vertical birch (4.4 nuts/bush). An intermediate position is occupied by the yield indicators of hazel on prosica: east -

Gee! 20 west, where the hazel has direct sunlight with the influence of the plantations of the neighboring quarter (50.7 nuts/bush).

The highest yield is in the 5th row: hazel bushes on the edge of the forest have 131-141 nuts/bush. In full sunlight, a hazel bush has 304 nuts. This trial area testifies to the optimality of forest vegetation conditions for the growth of hazel in fresh silverwood, where it can even transform into a tree-like form and is an integral part of natural forest ecosystems |Z, 4, 11). Hazelnut has an advantage in yield (5 times) and the quality of 22 fruits over lysine, which in the claimed method will ensure the achievement of the set goal in terms of yield

F! nuts

An example of a specific implementation of Mo2. The data given in Table 6 on the areas planted with hazelnuts show where the optimal planting scheme of b xb meters received the greatest spread in production conditions.

Reducing the distance to 4-5 meters leads to the fact that the bushes close earlier, grow crowns between themselves 60 requiring forestry care. Increasing the placement of hazelnut plants to 7x7; бх7 meters creates a more sparse plantation, which reduces the density of hazelnuts in the area, the interrows are overgrown with grassy vegetation, negatively affecting the growth and development of hazelnuts. In the claimed method, in paired liquid rows, the hazelnuts in each of the rows are at a distance of 10-12m, and in fact, taking into account the paired rows with a row spacing of 1.5m, the hazelnuts are located 5-6bm apart. The restraining factor of the excessive growth of hazelnut bushes is the 62 pine itself, which has a faster growth, but passes through the tent a sufficient amount of sunlight for the growth and development of hazelnuts against the background of three-meter technological corridors.

An example of a specific implementation of Mo3. Plantation of hazelnuts in Blyznyukivsk dlg. (in the past, a plot of land of the "Lozivskyi" horticultural farm) is used for research into the vegetative reproduction of hazelnuts. Basically

Cultivation of vegetative planting material is done according to the Dalem method. The essence of this method is that the growth in the bushes, which is used for growing planting material, is pulled in the petiole part with a wire, after which it is covered with earth or sawdust. In such conditions, roots are formed in the spore.

Cultivation of cuttings in this way showed (10, 14) that in the "Prevoskhodnyi - 2" variety, the shoot was pulled over with a wire and sprinkled with sawdust in June (the shoot height is 0.3-1.0 m, the diameter near the "root neck" is 7/0 the stem part of the stem is 0.3-0.7 cm) during one growing season, high-quality roots are formed, while 30-4695 seedlings obtained are suitable for planting in a permanent place of cultivation (from 60-80 seedlings dug up, based on one bush, no less than 20 pieces of residue are standard). In varieties that are less prone to rooting, for example, Chocolate - a smaller number of standard seedlings (seedlings) is formed and the yield of standard seedlings is also smaller. According to our research, it is about 10 pcs. standard 7/5 Seedlings (seedlings) annually per bush. There are varieties that are difficult to reproduce in this way, and therefore in our calculations we took the underestimated results that are characteristic of hard-to-root varieties of hazelnut, guaranteeing the achievement of the set goal with a large margin of strength. 20

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References 60 1. Vakulyuk P.G. Technology of forestry works. - M.: Lesn. industry, 1982. - 136p. 2. Gordyenko M.Y. Culture! pine tree obniknovennoy. - K.: USHA, 1979. - 676. 3. Vorobyev D.V. Types of forests of the European part of the USSR. - K.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, 1953. - 452p. 4. The Green Book of the Ukrainian SSR / Ed. Y.R. Shelyag-Sosonko. - K.: Naukova Dumka, 1987. - 2126. 5. Izyumsky P.P. Guidelines for felling maintenance in the forests of the Ukrainian SSR. - K.: Urozhai, 1971. - 7bs. bo 6. Izyumskyi P.P. Methodical recommendations for the application of the linear technology of felling care in over-thickened cultures of conifers. - Kharkiv: UKENDILGA, 1980. - vol.

7. Komarov F.S. Hazel in the forests of Polesia of the Ukrainian SSR, its forestry and economic importance: Author's review. thesis ... candidate village of Science / Ukr. rural academy - K., 1965. - 19p. 8. Kosenko I.S. The use of hazel species (SoguYishv I.) in forestry of Ukraine // Scientific Bulletin

UDLTU.-2002. - Vol. 12.3. - P.13-20. 9. Methodological recommendations for increasing the productivity of the forests of Polesia and Forest Steppes of the Ukrainian SSR /

The team of authors. - K.: USHA, 1986. - 75p. 10. Pavlenko F.A. Oreshniki // Culture of nut trees. - M.: Gosselkhozizdat, 1957. - P.5-127. P. Pogrebnyak

PS The basics of forest typology. - K.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, 1955. - 456p. 70 12. Ryabokon A.P. Forest assessment structure! drevostoev and the factor! risk in different methods of felling in pine cultures // IVUZ: Lesnoi zhurnal, 1988, Mo1. - P. 122-125. 13. Tkachenko B.V. Influence of density on the growth and productivity of row and group crops of Scots pine // Lesovodstvo i agrolesomelioratsiya. - 1970. - Mo22. - P.34-41. 14. Slyusarchuk V.E. Increasing the productivity of hazelnut plantations in the Northern Steppe of the Ukrainian SSR / 7/5 Abstract ... candidate. village Sciences / UKAINYLHA. - Kharkov. 1987 - 216.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is the method of joint cultivation of pine and hazelnut or semi-hazelnut to obtain pine wood, nuts and vegetative planting material in a fresh clump - So", which includes planting crops according to a modified scheme of 1.5x0.75 m, in which each 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, etc. rows are created with a planting step of 1.3...1.7 m of the main species, alternating with or without a shrub, and in each Z, 6, 9, etc. in rows - with a planting step of 0.45...0.80 m and continuous felling of these rows at the age of illumination, which is distinguished by the fact that in relatively sparse forests, the rows are introduced alternately in a checkerboard pattern after 5...6 m of hazelnut or semi-hazelnut , and after the felling of the 3rd, 6th, and 9th rows, planting material of hazelnuts or half-hazelnuts is grown, and along the way, against the background of a sparse stand (o) pines, a certain yield of nuts is obtained, generally increasing the profitability of 1 ha of forest land. Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2007, Moscow State University, 15.03.2007. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. b" "c) c (Se) - c ;" (22) (ee) («c) at 50 sl F) name) 60 b5