UA57340C2 - Method for improving the electrical and operational characteristics of a lead-acid accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed method for improving the electrical and operational characteristics of a lead-acid accumulator is distinctive by adding phosphoric acid to the lead powder that is used for forming the positive plate of the accumulator. The lead powder is a mix of lead I powder and lead II powder, with a ratio of (0.3 ... 0.7): (0.7 ... 0.3) between thecomponents of the mix. The lead I powder has the following composition: b-PbO - 5 ... 10 % , a-PbO - 55 ... 75 %, Pb - remaining part. The lead II powder has the following composition: PbO - 60 ... 85 %, Pb - remaining part. The amount of phosphoric acid is 2.5 à 5 % of the weight of the lead powder.

Description

- Uipe 2, 1989, ). Rozheg botsgsev, 1990, 30, Me1-4, its strength, i.e. - does not eliminate other important features

R.99-105|. At the same time, the addition of phosphoric acid reduces the service life. In addition, such an electrolyte does not deteriorate the negative characteristics - the method practically does not increase the energy capacity of the pig electrodes of batteries. Addition of phosphoric acid batteries. of acid in the paste of positive electrodes leads to the closest technical solution to increasing the energy capacity of positive electrodes as a prototype, is a method of improving electric electrodes by increasing their specific poney and performance characteristics lead surface. Such an increase in the specific surface area of lead-acid batteries (M.A. Dasoyan. Chemical is due to the adsorption of phosphate ions on the current relay. Reference manual. 2nd ed., L., particles of RBO" of positive active mass, which leads to - 1969, 588 p.|, in which the paste prepared from children before their morphology changes (M.A. Dasoyan. lead powder and used for for-

Chemical current sources. Reference manual. Ed. mation of the positive electrodes, introduce phosphorus- 2-oi, L., 1969, P.1241. well, HzPOx acid in the amount of 0.2-2 wt.9% by weight

According to modern ideas, a positive active paste. the mass of pasted electrodes is a porous body that This method, due to an increase in the specific This method consists of smooth rounded particles of a-RBO: and the surface of positive electrodes, allows the formation of dendrite-like particles of VD-PrO" with a branched surface of the energy capacity of lead-acid accumulators. At the same time, particles of a-PrO" were mechanically worn, especially at the beginning of the service life. However, they are stronger and create a framework of active mass, which is practically not preserved during operation for the duration of the service life. Particles p- affects. Moreover, the addition of phosphoric acid in

PpO" are less strong, prone to splashing, but the paste, changing the morphology of the particles of the positive, they are more energy-intensive and determine the electrical properties of the active mass, leads to an increase in its porosity. The most important characteristics, and at a concentration of more than 295, the negative characteristics of the active mass begin: the specific surface, which has a negative effect on the service life of batteries. hardness, mechanical strength, as well as phase The basis of the proposed invention was the composition (amount of a- and B-PpO") strongly depend on the task of developing a method that allows to improve the electrical and operational characteristics of the lead powder used for preparation: phase composition (mastics of lead-acid batteries, increase the number of particles of a-RBO, B-RBO and metal RB), their energy capacity and extend the service life according to the phology of particles and some others. The phase composition and the account of changes in the properties of the used morphology of the lead powder correlate and the conditions for the preparation of the powder paste and its introduction into the paste depend on the type of production plant and the conditions of its positive electrodes of phosphoric acid. obtaining. For example, on the installations of liquid dis- The problem is solved by topping the "Barton" lead, more OK is obtained, that in the proposed method of improving the lead sid DV-RBO, than on the installations of the mill electrical and operational characteristics type. At higher temperatures for the production of lead-acid batteries, at which a larger amount of paste prepared from lead powder and chemically highly active B-RBO will be formed in the lead powder, than at low temperatures. Particles of VD-RBO have a more rounded form than particles of a-RBO. Manufacturers of lead- according to the invention, lead powder or lead-acid batteries, depending on the mixing of two starting lead po- from the problems to be solved, use powders and I in the mass ratio (0.3- with certain characteristics set within narrow limits - 0.7):(0.7-0.3) with phase composition: I - 5-1095 V-RBO, joints. Some change of these characteristics in one or the other 55-7595 a-RBO, another RB, II - 0-295 V-PrO, 60-8395 a- the other side allows to increase the RBO, the other ROYU, phosphoric acid is introduced into the paste into the energy capacity of the active mass , but shorten the term of the amount by 2.5-5 mass.9 o from the mass of the paste. services of positive electrodes, or vice versa. In The effect of improving the characteristics of lead-acid batteries for starter batteries is most often explained by, firstly, the use of lead powder with a phase composi- increasing the mechanical strength of a positive ac- by including 60-8595 a-RBO, other metal tive mass and reducing her propensity to attack

РБ В-РБО is absent). This allows optimal welding due to the optimal ratio to receive sufficient energy capacity of positive electrons of highly active "yellow" oxide B-RBO and trodes and the necessary life of their service. "red" oxide 4-RBO, having different morpho-

A known method of improving electrical and logic. The highly active oxide B-RBO, taking part in the operational characteristics of lead in chemical transformations, leads to the formation of acid batteries (Russian Patent Me2166815, in the paste of the required amount of tetrabasic

MPK" NOiTM10/12, 10/261, in which a defined positive active mass is introduced into the paste, lead sulfate 4РБО-РО5ОХ, which contributes to the formation of a stable framework and increases the strength of the used lead powder. In addition to In addition, this combination is a mixture of spatially hindered phenols. This addition in the powders of "yellow" and "red" oxides increases the service life of batteries by contributing to the formation of an optimal ratio due to the reduction of self-discharge, prevention of the formation of "a-RBO" and B-RBO » in the active mass, which reduces its absorption of the dielectric layer of lead sulfate, and dousing. Secondly, the improvement of electrical characteristics is also achieved due to the increased recovery of batteries after sulfation.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not reduce the content of phosphoric acid in the paste, which increases the sprinkling of the positive active mass, does not increase the porosity and specific surface of the positive active mass, and improves its electrical conductivity in the zone of con- powders with the parameters specified in the formula of a bridge between particles of the active mass. under way. If the manufacturer owns two identical

Thirdly, phosphoric acid makes it difficult for us to create a dielectric layer of lead sulfate between the two powders, each on a conductor and a positive active mass. to your installation, set to the appropriate re-

At the selected mass ratio (0.3-0.7). The phase composition of the powder is controlled according to 0.7):(0.7-0.3) of the original lead powders using X-ray structural analysis. the maximum effect is reached, while in violation of this Powder containing a highly active "yellow ratio, i.e. with a decrease in the mass oxide" of B-RBO, must be stored in a dry state of one of the powders less than 0.3 (less than 3095) and indoors for no more than 7 days , it should not be exposed to direct sunlight by more than 0.7, because it is ter- (more than 7095) the effect of mixing powders is dramatically dynamic and shaky under normal conditions and is reduced and, in fact, we obtain the properties of in a-PrO. The suspensions for the production paste, set by only one of the starting powders, which are poured with the help of mass dispensers, are contained in the majority. observing the mass ratio of the weekend

The phase composition of the powders, as well as the content of phos-lead powders specified in the formula of viforic acid, were selected empirically. Effect of finding. To obtain the paste in the mixer, the mixing of the powders is greatly reduced in the case of feeding dry components: initial lead powders, convergence of their characteristics, i.e. when changing, binding additives (for example, polypropylene particles in the powder of VD-RBO less than 595, sable pile), then add distilled or senna powder particles of VD-PrO more than 295 with demineralized water and mix with corresponding changes in the amount of other phases. In this case, no more than Zkhv. After that, liquid com- case, due to the high content of phosphoric acid in the ponents: a solution of sulfuric acid with a density of 1.40 g/cm3 of the paste, there is a reduction in the service life of the accumulator and a solution of phosphoric acid HzPOx of the same density, tors. In the case of an increase in the content in | powder, and phosphoric acid - is added in the amount, the proportion of B-RBO is more than 1095 (which corresponds to the formula of the invention. Mixing the characteristics of the original powders from each other for no more than the positive active formulation of the positive paste and the method of its preparation, the mass becomes too dense and loses are established in the technological documentation. energy intensity In addition, the increase in the share of B-RBO Quantitative formulation and method of obtaining nega- requires an increase in costs for the production of sweat paste remain unchanged. roshka, because the "yellow oxide" of B-RBO is obtained. The claimed method has been tested at higher temperatures. Strengthening acne in factory conditions. tive mass due to mixing powders with Example 1 given parameters allows the use of 6ST-60AZ batteries (nominal quite high, more than 2.595, phosphoric acid content Ohm-12V; nominal capacity of the lot in the paste without damage to the service life of the electric Snom-b0A h; starter current I-2804A) in the number of trodes. However, we have the opportunity to use 9 pieces, the positive paste in which is made on the basis of all the advantages of such a high content of phosnovka "Barton" from one powder with a phase of sclaforic acid - increased energy intensity by a posy: absence of a VD-RBO phase, 702295 a - RBO, other electrodes, etc. When adding RO paste to the paste, without adding phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid was shown to be more than 595 observed in the tests according to GOST 959 in the first cycles, an excessive increase in the porosity of the positive active capacity on average 62A h, the duration of the old mass and a reduction in the service life of the electrodes. thermal discharge in the cold on average 1586s. WITH

With the addition of phosphoric acid, less than 2.595 of an unspecified sample of 6 batteries were tested, a sufficient increase in energy consumption for durability is achieved and the number of weeks of positive electrodes was shown. new cycles of earnings - 6. Technical review extract-

In compliance with all the above-mentioned parameters, the blocks of electrodes made from batteries showed high energy capacity and increased partial softening and sprinkling of the positive service life of the positive electrodes in the absence of active mass, which falls from the current outlets of the negative influence on the negative electrodes, was approximately 15-1795 square meters electrodes Others, which is reflected in the characteristics of the batteries, were tested for vibration resistance at the joints of lead-acid batteries. GOST 959 five times in a row, practically not

According to the information available to the authors, significantly changing their electrical characteristics. the features offered and characterizing the essence of the invention in Example 2 are not known from the prior art. Rechargeable batteries 6ST-60AZ (Onom-12V;

The proposed technical solution can be vysnom-bOA h; I5280A) in the amount of 9 pcs., positive used at factories for the production of lead paste in which it was produced on the "Barton" plant from acid batteries. of one powder with phase compound: 72905 rD-

The proposed method of improving the electrical RBO, 65:2295 a-RBO, other RO, without adding phos- and operational characteristics of formic acid batteries, was shown on tests to be carried out in this way. GOST 959 in the first cycles, the capacity is on average

At the production plant for the production of lead-boa, the duration of the starter discharge on cold powder, preferably - on the liquid plant, is 150s on average. From the specified sample, 6 batteries of "Barton" dispersion, alternately at different rates were tested for durability and technological regimes, two lead ones were obtained and showed the number of weekly cycles of earnings - 6.5

(3 batteries showed 6 cycles, the other 3 batteries - 7 pastes in which the paste was made on the "Barton" plant from cycles). A technical inspection of the mixture of two powders I and IY extracted from the batteries in the mass ratio of the electrode blocks showed a partial softening of the shennia 0.5:0.5 (5095:5095), with the phase composition: | - and sprinkling of the positive active mass, falling out and-295 В-РБО, 6552295 а-РБО, other RB, II - VD-РрО of which from current collectors was approximately 14-1695 missing, 7022905 а-РБО, other РБ, with an addition in the area electrodes Others The battery passed the test of phosphoric acid paste 3.195, showed the vibration resistance according to GOST 959 five times in a row in accordance with GOST 959 in the first cycles, but, practically without changing its electrical properties, the capacity is 6bA'h on average, the duration of old - characteristic friction discharge in the cold on average 178s. WITH

Example From the specified sample, 6 batteries were tested

Accumulator batteries 6ST-60AZ (Shnom-12V; tested for durability and showed the number of weeks

Snom-bOA h; I5280A) in the amount of 9 units, the positive number of cycles of earnings - 8.5 (3 batteries showed 8 pastes in which the paste is made of the same powder as in the cycles, other batteries - 9 cycles). A technical review of example 1, with the addition of phosphoric acid to the paste, blocks of electrodes extracted from batteries showed 3,195 lots, tests according to GOST showed partial softening and sprinkling of the positive 959 in the first cycles, the capacity of the average active mass, the drop of which from the current outlets was 66.5A h, the duration of the starter discharge on the hos was approximately 13-1695 of the electrode area. Others Z lodi on average 175s. From the specified sample, 6 batteries passed tests for vibration resistance, for batteries were subjected to tests for long-GOST 959 five times in a row, almost indestructible and showed the number of weekly cycles changing their electrical characteristics. yield - 5.8 (1 battery showed 5 cycles, 5 ba- Thus, the obtained data indicate that, tarey - 6 cycles). A technical inspection of the extracted electrode blocks when used for the manufacture of a positive battery showed a partial dissolution of a mixture of two lead powders due to the softening and sprinkling of the positive active mass, with the declared substances, as well as when adding, which fell out of the current outlets - not in this phosphoric acid paste in quantity, but 16-1895 of the electrode area. Other From the battery in accordance with the formula of the invention, at the same time passed tests for vibration resistance according to GOST, the specific surface of the positive electrodes increases five times in a row, slightly deteriorating their trodes and the strength of the positive active mass, and the electrical characteristics - the duration of the starter - the tendency of the active mass to splash of the lower order decreased by 2-495. is sewn This leads to a significant increase

Example 4 of energy capacity and battery life

Rechargeable batteries 6ST-60AZ (Shnom-12V; batteries.

Sleep-bOA-h; I-280A) in the amount of 9 pcs., positive

Computer layout M. Klyukin Signature Circulation 26 approx.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, str. Urytskogo, 45, Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine

SE "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", str. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601