UA25234U - Line for biodiesel oil production - Google Patents

Abstract

A line for biodiesel oil production comprises a auger elevator receiving bunker, a device for seeds peeling, a press of preliminary oil extraction, a press of final oil extraction, a system of technological piping, an oil reservoir, pumps, a reservoir for oil settling, a plate filter, a reservoir for filtered oil, an ejector, a reservoir for biodiesel oil, a refrigerating compressor, a reservoir for oil cooling, primary purification filters, a trunk line, a throttling cavitator, a reactor, a settling tank, a biodiesel mixture sprayer, a water sprayer, a bubbler, a dissolver, a reservoir for methanol, a reservoir for alkali, a hydrodynamical radiator, a reserve reservoir, a reservoir for adsorbent, a condenser, a reservoir for glycerin, a reservoir for condensed methanol and a fine purification filter.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model belongs to the field of fuel energy and can be used in the creation of fuel 2 mixtures for diesel engines, turbines and power plants.

A well-known device for obtaining fuel - gas from waste by cracking | see Russian patent

Federation Mo2260617, 2004 |.

Also known is the device for obtaining biofuel - gas from vegetable raw materials, grass | see Russian application

Federation for the invention Mo2005123189, published on January 27, 2006.1. 70 But the known devices, firstly, are designed to obtain fuel in the form of gas, and secondly, their construction does not coincide with the claimed useful model.

The line for the production of biodiesel fuel is the closest to the claimed useful model in terms of a set of features | see Ukrainian patent Mo16883 for a utility model, published on August 15, 2006).

The line includes a receiving hopper, a vertical feeding auger for feeding seeds from the receiving hopper 12, a device for cleaning seeds, under which is located a screw press for grinding seeds and heating the pulp, which is connected to a press for squeezing out oil. Under the press for pressing oil there is a container for receiving oil, which is equipped with an auger for removing cake. The oil receiving tank is connected by an oil supply pump and a pipeline to an oil settling tank, which in turn is connected by a pipeline and an oil supply pump to a plate filter. The plate filter is connected to the container for receiving oil. The first outlet of the ejector through the diesel fuel supply pump is connected to the diesel fuel tank. The second ejector inlet is connected to a container for receiving oil. The output of the ejector is connected by a pipeline to a container for biodiesel fuel. The vertical feeding auger is equipped with a magnetic trap. A regulating valve is installed on the pipeline.

This line is chosen as a prototype.

The claimed line and the prototype have the following common nodes and elements: c - receiving hopper of the screw lift; - device for cleaning seeds; - oil pre-squeezing press; - a press for final pressing of oil; c - oil container; co - pumps; - container for settling oil; c - plate filter; oyu - a container for filtered oil;

Zo - ejector; c - capacity for biodiesel fuel.

But the prototype installation has a number of significant drawbacks: - first, limited functionality due to the fact that only rapeseed is used as a raw material for biodiesel fuel in this installation; With 70 - secondly, the insufficient quality of biodiesel fuel, which is obtained at the installation according to the prototype, which is explained by the fact that the biodiesel fuel obtained at the described installation does not meet (the European

From" standard EM 14214) due to the fact that the product contains 3095 of oil (rapeseed) and 7090 of diesel fuel.

The basis of the proposed useful model is the task of developing a line for the production of biodiesel fuel, in which, by introducing new nodes and elements, as well as a scheme for connecting known and new nodes and elements, to ensure the effective production of biodiesel fuel from the seeds of oil plants (for example, rape , sunflower, flax, mustard, soybean, corn, etc.). sl The task is solved by a line for the production of biodiesel fuel, which contains a receiving hopper of a screw elevator, a device for cleaning seeds, a press for pre-pressing oil, located under the device for cleaning seeds and connected to a press for final pressing of oil, and also connected to each other by a system technological pipelines, an oil container, pumps, an oil settling container, a plate filter, a container for filtered oil, an ejector and a container for biodiesel fuel in that it additionally contains a refrigerating compressor with a container for cooling oil, which is connected to a rough cleaning filter, under which there is a container for purified oil, the output of which is connected to the main line connecting it to an additional rough cleaning filter, a throttle cavitator, an ejector, a reactor and 52 a settling tank, the upper part of which is equipped with a biodiesel mixture sprayer and a water sprayer, c a a bubbler is placed in the lower part of the settling tank er, while the ejector is connected to the lower part of the desolver, the upper part of which is connected to the container for methanol and the container for alkali, the upper part of the reactor is connected to the hydrodynamic emitter, and the lower part of the reactor is connected to the reserve tank, the upper part of the settling tank is connected to the tank for adsorbent and the inlet of the condenser, and the lower part - with a 60 capacity for glycerin, while the outlet of the condenser is connected through the ejector pump to the container for condensed methanol, the capacity for biodiesel fuel of coarse purification is located under the additional filter of coarse purification and is connected to the inlet of the fine purification filter, the output which is connected to a biodiesel storage tank.

The declared set of nodes and elements ensures the expansion of the functional capabilities of the line, as well as a significant improvement in the quality of biodiesel fuel.

The line for the production of biodiesel fuel is shown in the drawing.

The claimed line contains the receiving hopper of the screw elevator 1, under the upper part of which there is a vibrating screen 2 with a magnetic trap 3. Under the vibrating screen 2 there is a press for preliminary oil extraction 4, connected to a final oil extraction press 5. Under the final oil extraction press 5 there is a receiving oil tank b, and the final oil pressing press 5 is equipped with an inclined conveyor 7.

The receiving tank for oil 6 is connected through the pump 8 to the upper part of the container for settling oil 9, the lower part of which is connected through the pump 11 to the plate filter 13. Under the container for settling oil 9 7/0 there is a container for waste (fuse) 10. On the pipeline , which connects the pump 11 with the plate filter 13, a manometer 12 is installed, and a container for filtered oil 14 is placed under the plate filter 13.

The tank for filtered oil 14 is connected through the pump 15 to the upper part of the tank for cooling the oil 16, inside which the coil of the refrigeration compressor 17 is placed. The lower part of the tank for cooling the oil 16 is connected through the pump 18 to the coarse cleaning filter 19. On the pipeline that 7/5 breceives a pump 18 with a rough cleaning filter 19 and an installed pressure gauge 20.

Under the rough cleaning filter 19, there is a container for cleaned oil 21, the output of which is connected to the main line connecting it through pumps 22 and 61 with an additional rough cleaning filter 62, an ejector 41, a throttle cavitator 32, a reactor 24 and a settling tank 43.

The second entrance of the ejector 41 is connected to the lower part of the desolver 26 with the stirrer 29.

The upper part of the desolver 26 is connected to the container for methanol 27 and the container for alkali 30. An electromagnetic valve 28 is installed on the pipeline connecting the desolver 26 with the container for methanol 27, and on the pipeline connecting the desolver 26 with the container for alkali 30 , volume dispenser 31 is installed.

The upper part of the reactor 24 is connected to the hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitter 33, and the lower part - to the reserve tank 69. In addition, the reactor 24 is equipped with a safety valve 34 and a temperature thermometer 39. On the pipeline connecting the outputs of the ejector 41 and the throttle cavitator 32 with the reactor 24 installed electromagnetic valve 25. t

The upper part of the settling tank 43 is connected to the container for adsorbent 58, and the lower part is connected to the container for glycerin 51. A stopcock 59 is installed on the pipeline connecting the container for adsorbent 58 with the settling tank 43. The settling tank 43 is equipped with stirrer, sprayer of biodiesel mixture 44, E with water sprayer 54, bubbler 56 with non-return valve 57, level indicator 50 and viewing window 49.

In addition, the upper part of the settling tank 42 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 45, the outlet of which is connected to the first inlet of the ejector pump 46, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the container for condensed methanol 48, the outlet of which is connected through the pump 47 to the second inlet of the ejector pump 46 .

On the pipeline connecting the pump 61 with the additional rough cleaning filter 62, a manometer о з 53. с is installed

Under the coarse cleaning filter 62, there is a container for coarse cleaning biodiesel fuel 64, which is connected to the fine cleaning filter 66 through the pump 65. A pressure gauge 67 is installed on the pipeline connecting the pump 65 with the fine cleaning filter 66, and the fine cleaning filter 66 is connected with a capacity for the finished product - biodiesel fuel 68. "

A pressure gauge 70 is installed on the pipeline connecting the pump 22 with the first inlet of the ejector 41. The system of process pipelines connecting the listed nodes of the line is equipped with valves 23, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 52 , 531 60. ;" The line for the production of biodiesel fuel from oilseeds (rape, sunflower, flax, mustard, corn, etc.) works as follows.

Raw material, for example, rapeseed, is fed into the receiving hopper of the screw elevator 1, from where it enters the vibrating screen 2, where it is cleaned of debris, stones and dust. After that, the cleaned seed passes through a magnetic trap Z, where metal inclusions that accidentally got into the raw material (nuts, 1 electrodes, bolts, etc.) are trapped. Next, the seed enters the pre-oil pressing press 4, in which the process of crushing the seed, heating it due to friction and partial removal of the oil takes place.

The heated pulp is fed to the final oil pressing press 5, where the pulp is separated into oil, which enters the oil receiving tank 6 and cake, which is removed by an inclined conveyor 7. The crude oil obtained is pumped into the oil settling container 9. After settling, the fuses are poured into the waste container 10, and the settled oil is forced through a plate filter 13 with a belting fabric under a pressure of 2-3 atm., which is indicated on the pressure gauge 12, with the help of a pump 11. The filtered oil flows into the filtered oil container 14, and large retained inclusions are periodically removed (when the pressure increases to more than 3 atm.) by opening the plates of the plate filter 13 and manually removing fuses.

The pre-cleaned oil is fed by the pump 15 into the oil cooling tank 16, in which the coil of the refrigeration compressor 17 is placed, which cools the oil to a temperature of nbeС...-82С, at which paraffins (waxes) crystallize. The cooled oil is pumped through the coarse cleaning filter 19 with the help of the pump 18 under the pressure of 3 atm. indicated on the manometer 20.

The purified oil is poured into the container for purified oil 21, and from there, with the help of the pump 22, it is pumped through the valve 23 into the reactor 24, the filling of which is regulated by means of the electromagnetic valve 25.

Before filling the receiver with oil in the desolver 26, a mixture of methanol with alkali (in our case, 65 Mahon) - methoxide is prepared, for which the desolver 26 is filled with methanol in the amount of 12-2095 of the volume of the treated oil from the closed container for methanol 27 through the electromagnetic valve 28 the stirrer drive 29 is turned on. From the closed container for lye 30, through the volume dispenser 31, a catalyst is added - caustic soda in the amount of 0.3-0.995 depending on the acid number of the oil and the concentration (purity) of the lye. This mixture is stirred until the alkali crystals are completely dissolved.

To prepare the oil for the chemical reaction, it is heated to a temperature of 35-45 °C by pumping it through the throttle cavitator 32 and the hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitter 33, having previously closed the valve 23 and the electromagnetic valve 25, and opened the valves 36, 37, 38. The heating of the oil is stopped upon reaching a temperature of 35-45 9C, which is indicated on the thermometer 39. At the same time, the pressure should be 125-13 barm., which is monitored using the manometer 70. Then the valve 38 is closed, the valve Z5 opens 70, and the valve 40 opens slowly.

When oil is pumped through the ejector 41, due to the created discharge, the methoxide is forcibly withdrawn from the desolver 26. The process continues until the desolver 26 is completely released, then the valves C5 and 40 are closed, and the valve 38 is opened, and active mixing and additional heating of the mixture of oil and methoxide occurs until the reaction is complete (15-25 minutes at a temperature of 35-602C).

At the same time, triglyceride transesterification occurs in the presence of a catalyst, namely, glycerol in the oil is replaced by alcohol.

Excess methanol vapors from the reactor 24 are supplied to the condenser 45.

To activate the process of removing unreacted methanol vapors, increase the boiling temperature of the mixture, and shorten the operation time, an ejector pump 46 is connected to the condenser coil 45, which operates under the influence of liquid pumped through the ejector pump 46 by pump 47 under a pressure of 4 atm. During the operation of the ejector pump 46, a rarefaction is created inside it, which contributes to the suction of methanol vapors from the settling tank 43, creating a vacuum of 0.3-0.4 atm in it, thereby activating the boiling of the mixture at the existing temperature.

Condensate of excess methanol and other vapors is collected in a closed container for condensed methanol 48 for reuse. WITH

After stopping the circulation of the reaction mixture, it is separated after 10-15 minutes into the biodiesel mixture and glycerol due to their different densities.

The settling process can last from 1 to 4 hours, depending on the quality of the reaction and the quality of the processed raw materials. Chi

After the separation of the biodiesel mixture from glycerol, which is observed through the viewing window 49 and the level indicator 50, glycerol is drained using a valve into the container for glycerol 51. When the biodiesel mixture is heavily contaminated with unreacted alkali, soap and methanol residues, it is possible to wash it with water.

For this, through the condenser 45 and the valve 53, tap water is supplied to the water sprayer 54, and the mixer drive 55 is turned on for mechanical mixing of the components, while the rotation speed of Ge! blade speed should not exceed 50-600 rpm.

In order to save water and increase the efficiency of washing the biodiesel mixture, compressed air is supplied to the lower part of the settling tank 43 through the bubbler 56 and the non-return valve 57. As a result of "bubbling of the liquid, numerous air bubbles are formed in it, which contribute to the acceleration of the washing of the biodiesel mixture. - c The washing process ends when the pH of the washing water reaches 6-7. At the same time, when using highly pure starting reagents, it is not necessary to wash with water. In this case, the biodiesel mixture remaining after the separation of glycerin is treated with an adsorbent, which significantly improves the oxidative stability of the biodiesel mixture compared to washing with water.

To clean the biodiesel mixture from soap residues, sulfur impurities, phosphorus and free fatty acid residues, as well as to remove unsettled glycerin, the biodiesel mixture is treated with an adsorbing material (for example, magnesol, bleaching clays, activated carbon, silica gel, magnesium silicates , calcium, sodium, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium phosphate, etc.). The biodiesel mixture is treated with an adsorbent at elevated temperature in a ratio of 0.5 to 50 to 595 depending on the mass of the mixture, the type of adsorbent, and the quality of the treated biodiesel mixture. Processing time - 10-20 minutes. At the same time, the moisture content in methyl ether decreases from 0.6 to 0.00595, the octane number increases by

ХТ» 1-3 units, soap and phosphorous compounds, gray ash are completely removed, the carbon content is halved.

Purification of the biodiesel mixture with an adsorbent is carried out in the following sequence.

A weighed amount of adsorbent is poured into container 58 (in our case - 1 kg of magnesol), the stirrer 55 is turned on and slowly through the cork valve 59 it is poured into the settling tank 43. Mixing lasts 10-20 minutes. After that, the valve 60 opens and the pump 61 pumps the biodiesel mixture through the coarse cleaning filter 62 (pressure no more than 3 atm). Rough cleaning biodiesel is collected in the tank 64, from where the pump 65 pumps it through the fine cleaning filter 66 (pressure no more than 2 atm.). Finished biodiesel fuel is collected in container 68. For sanitary treatment of containers, the line is equipped with container 69. Because the proposed line effectively removes soap, odors, unreacted catalyst, metals, sulfur, phosphorus, calcium, triglycerides, free glycerol, methanol and water. Purified biodiesel fuel has increased oxidation stability and meets the requirements of standards and technical conditions.

Automation and executive electrical devices are controlled through the control panel 70. b5

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention A line for the production of biodiesel fuel, containing a receiving hopper of a screw elevator, a device for cleaning seeds, a press for pre-pressing oil, located under a device for cleaning seeds and connected to a press for final pressing of oil, as well as an oil container, pumps connected to each other by a system of technological pipelines , an oil settling tank, a plate filter, a tank for filtered oil, an ejector and a tank for biodiesel fuel, which is distinguished by the fact that it additionally contains a refrigeration compressor with a tank for cooling oil, which is connected to a coarse cleaning filter, under which a tank for cleaned of oil, the output of which is connected to the main line connecting it with 70 additional coarse filter, throttle cavitator, ejector, reactor and sedimentation tank, the upper part of which is equipped with a sprayer of biodiesel mixture and a water sprayer, and in the lower part of the sedimentation tank there is bubbler, at the same time ejector sp connected with the lower part of the desolver, the upper part of which is connected to the container for methanol and the container for alkali, the upper part of the reactor is connected to the hydrodynamic emitter, and the lower part of the reactor is connected to the reserve tank, the upper part of the settling tank 75 is connected to the container for the adsorbent and the inlet of the condenser , and the lower part - with a container for glycerol, while the outlet of the condenser is connected through the ejector pump to the container for condensed methanol, the container for coarse cleaning biodiesel fuel is located under the additional filter for coarse cleaning and is connected to the inlet of the fine cleaning filter, the outlet of which is connected to the container for storage of biodiesel fuel. z z « (ze) s IF) s - and? name) 1 name) (95) p» 60 b5