UA18248U - Method of operation of absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of operation of absorption refrigerator includes supply of heat load with respect to implementation of absorption-diffusion refrigeration cycle. As source of heat load one uses hot flow of combustion products of gas generator - generator gas.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model refers to refrigerating equipment, in particular, to the methods of operation of absorption 2 refrigerators, which implement the cycles of absorption-diffusion refrigerating machines (ADHM).

Absorption refrigerators are used in everyday life, trade and transport. Absorption refrigerators are refrigerating machines that use heat, and for their work a heat load source with a temperature of at least 1702 V. Zagoruyko, A. A. Golykov can be used. Ship refrigeration equipment / Pod obsch. ed. V.A. Zagoruyko -K.: Naukova dumka, 2000. - 607p.)| of different physical nature (electricity, thermal radiation, etc.).

A known method of operation of an absorption refrigerator | Patent 2036395 of the Russian Federation, MKY B25 B 27/00. Absorption solar refrigerator /3.IM. Ashurlyi, M.T. Gadzhiev, S.A. Filin - Mo 92009125/06; Application 30.11.92; Publ. 10.08.94, Bull. Mo Z30| has a heat load supply for the implementation of the absorption-diffusion refrigerating machine cycle, while a solar energy concentrator is used as a heat load source.

The advantages of this method of operation of an absorption refrigerator are due to the absence of operating costs, because a renewable source of solar energy is used as an energy source.

The disadvantage is the dependence of the refrigerator's operation on the time of day and weather conditions, and the associated need to provide an additional reserve source of thermal energy for operation in the dark and in cloudy weather.

The known method of operation of an absorption refrigerator (Patent 2494420 EK, MKY RB28E1/42; E25815/04;

E2807/10. Bivroziyi Tamogizapi GespaIetsg, riz rapisciegeteti taiiv pop ehsiivimetepi, dapz p adgedai de geigideganem/ a arzogriop ei adgedai de se aivrozyy / M. Sigegepv. - Mo19800024932; Application 20.11.80; Publ. 21.05.82 has a heat load supply for the implementation of the cycle of an absorption-diffusion refrigerating machine, while the hot flow of exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine is used as a source of heat load. 8

The advantages of this method of operation of the absorption refrigerator are due to the absence of operating costs, because the heat of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle, which is not used in any other way, is used as an energy source.

The disadvantage is the dependence of the operation of the refrigerator on the modes of movement of the vehicle and, in connection with this, the need to provide an additional reserve source of thermal energy for operation in parking lots and stops. hE

A known method of operation of an absorption refrigerator |GTerekhov A.A. Repair of absorption type refrigerators. - M.: Light Industry, 1973. - 70 p. has a heat load supply for the implementation of the absorption-diffusion refrigerating cycle, while the hot flow of natural gas combustion products is used as a heat load source.

The advantages of this method of operation of an absorption refrigerator are related to the stability of operation and minimal, -- in comparison with electric energy sources, operational costs |Tytlov A.S. Comparison of the characteristics of absorption and compression batch refrigeration equipment / Refrigeration equipment and technology. -1997.-Mo57.- P.39-411, "

The disadvantage is the dependence of the refrigerator on natural gas sources, that is, the impossibility of operation in C 70 transport conditions. c The known method of operation of an absorption refrigerator (Lubenets, V.V. Bitovoi absorption refrigerator with an additional propane cooling unit // Refrigeration technology. - 2000. - Mo12. - P. 18-19. - prototype | absorption-diffusion refrigerating machine, while the hot flow of combustion products from 75 liquefied gas is used as a source of heat load.

The advantages of this method of operation of an absorption refrigerator are connected with the autonomy of operation, including (os in transport conditions.

The disadvantage is the high operational cost, which is associated with the high cost of liquefied gas, and therefore - a narrow field of application. them 50 The basis of a useful model is the task of creating a method of operation of an absorption refrigerator, the wide scope of which is achieved by using a source of renewable thermal energy - a gas generator.

The technical result achieved in the useful model is related to the possibility of operation of the absorption refrigerator in the absence of a stable power supply and main pipelines with natural 99 gas with minimal operating costs. c The task is solved due to the fact that the hot flow of combustion products of the gas generator - generator gas - is used as a source of heat load.

The causal relationship between the set of essential features of the claimed useful model and the technical result achieved is as follows. 60 The sign "that the hot flow of combustion products of the gas generator is used as a source of heat load - generator gas" indicates the way in which the area of use of absorption refrigerators can be expanded with minimal operating costs - due to the use of gas generator units as a source of heat energy.

A gas generator is a device for thermal processing of solid and liquid fuels into combustible gases. Such processing is carried out in the presence of air, free or bound oxygen (water vapor). electrical engineering reference book

/ Ed. S.G. Gerasimova. - M.-L. : Gosznergoizdat, 1957.- 1.2. - P.279-283)|. The gases produced in the gas generator are called generator gases. The burning of solid fuel in a gas generator, unlike any furnace, is carried out in a large layer and is characterized by the arrival of an amount of air insufficient for complete combustion of the fuel (for example, when working on a steam-air blower, 331/43595 of the theoretically necessary air is supplied to the gas generator). The gases produced in the gas generator contain products of complete combustion of fuel (carbon dioxide, water) and products of their recovery, incomplete combustion and pyrogenetic decomposition of fuel (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, carbon). Nitrogen from the air also passes into the generator gases.

In rural areas, as a rule, there is a large amount of wood waste in the form of sawdust, chips, 7/o bark, branches, pieces of wood, household garbage, etc. In general, these wastes are valuable energy raw materials and can be processed in gas generating plants into heat energy by the method of pyrolysis gas generation Myheev V.P. Gas fuel and its combustion. - L.: Gosznergoizdat, 1966).

Traditional boilers designed for burning the above-mentioned wastes are characterized by low energy efficiency (40...5095) and increased emissions of carbon monoxide and soot. The gas generator has an energy /5 efficiency of about 9095. The gas obtained in the gas generator is sent to the combustion chamber and there it is burned to environmentally safe gases: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor. The temperature of the gas generation process ranges from 200 to 850 92C. Under these conditions, 1 ton of dry wood produces 2,000 cubic meters of fuel gas. The energy value of 1000 m3 of gas is about 1.4 MW.

In the gas generator, you can use low-calorie varieties of wood and its waste with a high moisture content (up to 5095). The high energy efficiency of the gas generator leads to the fact that, despite the lower energy value of wood waste compared to coal, in the final result, kg of wood waste used for gas generation replaces the burning of kg of coal in a classic boiler.

In all known technical solutions, A.N. Mykhaylov With gas, without gas // Dvigatel (Russian Federation). - 2005. - Mo4(40). - P.36| gas generators are used for heating, heating, for the operation of a vehicle, therefore a distinctive feature of the claimed invention is a proposal for the use of gas generator Z units for the operation of small machines that use heat, in particular ADHM.

The essence of the useful model is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a general view of an absorption refrigerator with a gas generator, in which the proposed method of operation is implemented. Ge v

Figure 2 shows the scheme of operation of the gas generator.

Figure C shows the scheme of ADHM operation. t

The absorption refrigerator contains a heat-insulated refrigerating chamber 1 with a door 8. ADHM 2 is installed behind the chamber 7 SI. ADHM 2 is connected to the gas generator C through the generator gas main line 6 and the outlet pipe 5. The exhaust of the spent generator gas is carried out using the ventilation channel 7. 09

Gas generator C is a mine, the inner walls of which are lined with refractory material. Fuel is supplied from the top of this mine through the loading device 4, and air flow 9 is supplied from below. The fuel layer is supported by grates 10. In the very bottom part of the gas generator on the grates is the ash and slag zone, above it is the combustion zone or oxidation zone 11, the gasification zone 12 and the fuel decomposition zone 13. In the uppermost part there is a fuel drying zone with the heat of rising gases and vapors 14. - s ADHM contains a generator unit 16, covered by a heat-insulating jacket 15. In the lower part of the generator unit 16, a heating cup is welded 17, which is connected by its lower part with the generator gas line 6, and the upper part with the ventilation channel 7. The air condenser 18, which has external fins, is placed in the upper part of the ADHM. Condenser 18 is located with a small slope to the horizontal for the flow of liquid refrigerant and is connected to the three-flow evaporator 19. The other two channels of the evaporator 19 connect it to the receiver of the liquid working medium 23 and the upper part of the absorber 22, channels 20 and 21, respectively . The lower part of the receiver 23 through a liquid heat exchanger of the "pipe-in-pipe" type 24

So is connected to the generator 16 through the solid solution channel (internal pipe). The inter-tube space of the liquid heat exchanger 24 is connected by a weak solution line to the upper part of the corresponding absorber 22. i» 50 The level of the weak solution at the entrance to the absorber is 5772, and the level of the strong solution in the receiver 23 is 71.

The air supplied to the gas generator first passes through the zone of ash and slag on the grates with 10, where it is heated to 300...5002С, and then enters the heated layer of fuel (oxidation zone, or combustion zone 11), where the oxygen of the blow enters in reaction with fuel elements. The temperature in zone 11 ranges from 1200 to 15002C. The formed combustion products rise up the gas generator Z and meet the heated fuel 22 (gasification zone 12), are reduced to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. During further upward movement of highly heated reduction products (800...10002С), thermal decomposition of the fuel occurs (fuel decomposition zone 13) and the reduction products are enriched with decomposition products (gases, resins, and water vapor). As a result of fuel decomposition, semi-coke is first formed, and then coke, on the surface of which, during their descent, the combustion products are restored (zone 12). When lowering another 60 below, coke burning occurs (zone 11). In the upper part 14 of the gas generator Z, fuel is dried by the heat of rising gases and vapors.

The generator gas with a temperature of 400...5002C enters the heat load zone 17 of the ADHM through the nozzle 5 and the main line 6, and is then discharged to the environment through the ventilation channel 7.

An absorption refrigerator with ADHM works as follows. Let's consider an example of ADHM operation with a traditional aqueous ammonia solution and hydrogen |Babakin V.S., Vyhogdin

V.A. Household refrigerators and freezers. (Reference book)./3rd ed., ed. and add.- Ryazan, "Uzorechye", 2005. - 860 p.

When the flow of hot generator gas reaches the heat load zone, the strong water-ammonia solution boils, which is located in the lower part of the generator unit 16 at level 71. After evaporation, the strong water-ammonia solution loses ammonia and becomes a weak solution. The steam plugs that are formed push the particles of the weak liquid solution into the upper part of the generator 16. In the dynamic equilibrium along the height of the generator 16, a two-phase flow regime is established. In the upper part of the generator 16, the vapor and liquid parts of the two-phase flow are separated. The vapors enter the condenser 8, and the weak solution 70 Through the liquid heat exchanger 24 - to the upper part of the absorber 22 to the level 52.

In the liquid heat exchanger 24, the flow of a weak water-ammonia solution is cooled with simultaneous heating of the strong solution before entering the generator unit 16.

In the condenser 18, ammonia vapor liquefies with the removal of heat to the environment. Liquid ammonia flows to the inlet of the evaporator 19. On its way, the streams of liquid ammonia interact thermally with 75 cold streams of the vapor-gas mixture 20, which enter the receiver 23, as well as with the evaporator 19. During such interaction, heat is removed from the liquid ammonia and on it enters the evaporator 19 in a supercooled state.

In the evaporator 19, liquid ammonia evaporates into an inert gas environment - hydrogen at a low partial pressure and, accordingly, at a low temperature. Evaporation occurs in the process of gravitational flow of liquid ammonia flows in the evaporator 19. The cold vapor-gas mixture saturated with ammonia vapors has a greater density than the mixture in the receiver 23 and absorbers 14. As a result, the denser mixture descends to the lower part of the absorber 22 and receiver 23, and its place in the evaporator is taken by a mixture unsaturated with ammonia vapors.

In this way, the circulation circuit between the evaporator 19 and the absorber 22 is organized.

Purification of the steam-gas mixture from ammonia vapors is carried out in the absorption process during the gravitational flow of the supercooled weak water-ammonia solution from the upper part of the absorbers 22 into the receiver 23 (from level 572 - C to level 771). Absorption occurs in the mode of countercurrent flow of streams of a weak solution and a vapor-gas mixture. The heat of absorption is transferred to the environment. As a result of the cleaning process, an upward flow of ammonia vapor-purified steam-gas mixture flows in the upper part of the absorber 22, and a strong water-ammonia solution flows from the lower part of the absorber 22 into the receiver 23. co

From the lower part of the receiver 23, a strong water-ammonia solution through the liquid heat exchanger 24 enters the input of the generator 16. Then the cycle is repeated.

The technical and economic effect of using the proposed ADHM design is that on the basis of the units that are serially produced at the Vasylkiv refrigerator plant (Ukraine, Kyiv region), it is possible to manufacture a new absorption refrigerator that will work with generator gas as a source of thermal 32 load. This is especially important for residents of areas with low-quality electricity supply or in areas with -- lack of electricity.

The maximum economic effect will be achieved when using existing outbuildings (basements, cellars, sheds, storerooms, etc.) as refrigerating chambers after appropriate thermal and hydroisolation of "fences". Underground structures (cellars, cellars) that are characterized by a minimum of heat inflows in the warm time of the year and high thermal inertia can become the most promising. Refrigeration chamber// O.S. Titlov, O.B. Vasylov, M.D. Zakharov, R.M. Prots » (Ukraine).-Mo20021210411; Application 23.12.2002; Publ. 15.09.2003, Bull. Mo9). The most cost-effective in such a design is the option with a central gas generator device, with subsequent distribution of generator gas through special heat-insulated mains.

An absorption refrigerator with a gas generator can also be used as a transport refrigerator, which is especially relevant for rural areas, for example, for primary refrigeration of fruits (strawberries,

Go! grapes, etc.) directly at the collection sites.

One of the practical applications of the development of an absorption refrigerator with a gas generator is related to pond and river fish farming. A big problem in fish farms is the preservation of large breeds of their 20 fish (white carp, carp, large carp) before the ponds are lowered for the winter. Mobile platforms or trailers can be equipped with absorption refrigerators with gas generator devices and solve the problems of primary refrigeration processing directly at the fishing sites with subsequent delivery of cooled products to stationary storage places | Declaration patent Мо56791А of Ukraine, МКИ г25 В1/00, Рг25 В15/10;

Transport refrigerating unit// O.S. Titlov, O.B. Vasilov, M.I. Babkov, G.S. Palamarchuk (Ukraine). 29 - Mo2002097485; Application 17.09.2002; Publ. 15.05.2003, Bull. Mob) It should also be noted the experience of the practical use of gas generators in the USSR in the 1930s and 1940s as the main and auxiliary fuel source for car and truck engines.

All of the above measures will allow solving the problem of a useful model - to expand the scope of application of absorption-type refrigerating devices.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention The method of operation of the absorption refrigerator, which includes the supply of heat load for the implementation of the 65th cycle of the absorption-diffusion refrigerating machine, which differs in that the hot flow of combustion products of the gas generator is used as a source of heat load - generator gas.