UA16930U - Method to intensify production stages of industrial cultivation of the edible oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus (jacg.:fr.) kumm.) - Google Patents

Abstract

A method to intensify production stages of the industrial cultivation of the basidial edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kumm) is based on the effect of influence of red light on the sowing mycelium of the mushroom. Radiation treatment of the sowing mycelium is carried out with the red light in a rate of 230 mJ/cm2 obtained using an incandescent lamp with a red filter as a source of light.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model belongs to biotechnology, and, in particular, to the method of intensification of technological stages 2 of the industrial cultivation of the mushroom Rietsygoii ozygsaya5 in order to increase its productivity, productivity and shorten the cultivation period.

The influence of various light sources on the growth of fruiting and sporulation in certain types of mushrooms is known. Some species require light for sporulation, in others light inhibits sporulation, and still others sporulate normally both in the dark and in light. Different spectra and different wavelengths stimulate or inhibit 70 this or that phase of development (vegetative growth, fruiting, etc.) or affect any physiological and biochemical indicators (pigmentation, biosynthetic activity, etc.) (N.N. Zhdanova , A.Y. Vasilevskaya. Extreme Zcology of Mushrooms in Nature and Experiments. Naukova Dumka, 19821. Known facts that testify to the stimulating effect of UV rays (the source is the LGI-21 laser) on the productivity of two-spored champignon strains IN.A. Bysko, A.S. Bukhalo,

S.P. Wasser et al. in surface and deep culture. Scientific opinion, 12 1983). Mycelium of the fungus was inoculated onto a nutrient medium (wort-agar) in quartz tubes and placed for 3 days in a thermostat, where the temperature was maintained at the level of 24-2590C. On the 4th day, the colonies of the fungus, which reached 1-2 mm in diameter, were irradiated using exposures TOsec, 1 and bhv. The stimulating effect of laser irradiation increased with an increase in the radiation energy density in the range from 0.16 to 4.80 J/cm 2. When the mycelium of the common mushroom was irradiated with rays (5-10 krad), a certain increase in the yield of fruiting bodies was observed (Kuzama ei ai. Miim ogagepi tuseiia pi! mupovi Npiimu ivighispe. Revi. 7atr. 1975.-13. M1. - 8.85-86.

The disadvantage of this method is that UV radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between visible light and X-rays. Excitation of atoms in macromolecules during UV irradiation makes them highly reactive and causes various photochemical reactions. The most important of them is dimerization of pyrimidines. This is accompanied by the breaking of hydrogen bonds between DNA strands and local denaturation of the double-stranded DNA molecule, which leads to a change in its configuration. -

Ionization of the atoms that make up the DNA macromolecule under the influence of y-rays gives impetus to the passage of various radiation-chemical reactions that lead to changes in the DNA macromolecules. As a result of these processes - the occurrence of unwanted mutations, the disappearance of useful features and the appearance of unwanted ones (I.A. Zakharov, about

S.V. Kovaltsova, T.N. Kozhina, etc. Mutational process in fungi. Science, 1980).

There are known methods of stimulating the growth of yeast and EzPpegisnea soybean by exposure to low-intensity laser co-irradiation in the visible part of the spectrum (He-Me laser 632.8 nm). The magnitude of the stimulation effect also depends on the light intensity of a given wavelength |T.I. Karu. On the molecular mechanism of therapeutic action of low-intensity laser irradiation. Add. Acad. Science, 1986. Vol. 291, M 5, p. 1245-494 (Se)

There is a known method of activating the germination of basidiospores of Negisisht egipaseiz and intensifying the growth of mycelium "- monospore cultures obtained from these basidiospores, which is based on the effect on basidiospores of laser irradiation (He-Me laser) in the red region of the spectrum in doses from 45 to 230 mJ/cm. As a result of the manipulations, the number of germinated spores increases 10-10 times in different strains, their germination time decreases, and the growth rate of monospore cultures increases |Declaratory Patent of Ukraine AO101/04. "

The method of activation of spore germination of the higher basidial fungus Negisit aegipaseciv. 16.04.2001.1. from c Known methods of intensification of growth and fruiting of the higher basidial edible mushrooms Rieigoi5 ozigeai5, I epipis edodes and Negishist egipaseiz, which are based on the influence on the seed mycelium of these species;" mushrooms of laser light in the red and green regions of the spectrum |Declaratory Patent of Ukraine Mo53880 dated 17.02.2003; Declaration Patent of Ukraine No. 53900 dated February 17, 2003; Declaration Patent of Ukraine Mo53867 dated February 17, 2003; N.L.Poedynok et al. The use of laser radiation in the cultivation of certain types of mushrooms // Biotechnology, 2003. Ministry of Health).

The disadvantage of this method is the high price due to the use of expensive, small laser sources

Me, the efficiency factor of the used laser installations, the technical complexity of the equipment, which

Ge) needs highly qualified service.

As the most promising natural, ecologically clean regulatory factor, light in the visible region of the spectrum is used in the technologies of deep cultivation of mycelial fungi (I.B. Gornova on the use of visible light in biotechnology. Thesis report of the First Congress of Mycologists of Russia "Sovremennaya mykologiya in Russia". - M., 2002. - P.286-287)|. It was established that the light with x, - b5Pnm and x - 530Onm received with the help of filters significantly affects the formation of growth regulators and the intensity of growth processes of these 255 mushrooms, and is also a modifier of the lipid and carbohydrate composition of spores. Changes caused by light have a prolonged effect and are preserved at the next stage of ontogenesis, that is, in the mycelium.

However, the effect of red light on the growth and development of basidiomycetes, their productivity and productivity has not yet been studied.

The basis of a useful model of the method of intensification of the technological stages of the industrial cultivation of 60 basidial edible mushrooms Rietsygoish5 ovigeayiz is the task of intensification of the growth of the seed mycelium by influencing it with red light with a wavelength of 630-700 nm. received with the help of a filter made of multi-colored glass, at a dose of 230 mJ/cm?. As a result, the dose of seeding mycelium in the substrate is reduced, the rate of mycelium growth increases, the time of overgrowth of the substrate decreases, fruiting begins much earlier, and the yield increases. This, without a doubt, has an important practical significance in the cultivation of edible mushrooms.

The task is solved by exposure of red light, received with the help of a filter made of multi-colored glass, to the dikaryotic mycelium of the fungus at a dose of 230 mJ/cm7. Dikaryotic mycelium is grown for 14 days on sterile wheat grain after heat treatment (100 C for 40 minutes). The resulting mycelium is spread into sterile Petri dishes in a thin layer and irradiated in the above manner. Immediately after treatment with red light, various doses of mycelium are used for seeding the substrate (heat-treated straw). Before the beginning of fruiting, incubation of the blocks is carried out in complete darkness at a temperature of 26 C, then in the light at 1820. After that, the indicators of growth, development and fruiting process of the mushroom on these blocks are compared with similar indicators on the control blocks. The obtained results are analyzed using the method of variance analysis.

The essence of the claimed useful model is explained by examples.

Examples of using red light to reduce the dose of seeding mycelium in the substrate and to accelerate the process of overgrowth of the substrate.

Seed mycelium on grains was obtained and irradiated by the above methods. Immediately after irradiation, 75 seeds were sown on the substrate, which was placed in 5 kg polypropylene bags. The amount of inoculum was 5, 2.5 and 1.290, both in the experiment and in the control. on straw at different doses of applying irradiated and non-irradiated seed mycelium

The amount of seed mycelium, 95 to the weight of the finished substrate quantity

I vd tvininya inoculation inoculation 50114151", yu z 18151961 11511111 61і110 81815 17501610 zo Fo 00000113 ; 1 - the beginning of colonization of the substrate; 2 - separate areas of overgrowth; h:

Z - 40-6095 fouling of the substrate; 4 - 70-9095 fouling of the substrate; 5 - 10095 fouling of the substrate.

The obtained results (Table 1) allow us to state that with the same introduction of irradiated and non-irradiated mycelium, complete overgrowth of the substrate in the first variant occurs 7 days earlier than with inoculation of non-irradiated. A 2- to 4-fold decrease in the amount of introduced non-irradiated mycelium significantly reduced the rate of colonization of the substrate by the fungus (by 7-14 days). At the same time, comparing the growth indicators of irradiated mycelium on straw at a dose of 2.595 and non-irradiated mycelium at 595 inoculation, it can be emphasized that the nature of mycelium growth and the time of complete overgrowth of the substrate blocks are practically the same. Mycelial growth parameters on the substrate inoculated with 1.296 irradiated grain mycelium are equivalent to the growth indicators in the substrate version that was inoculated with 2.595 non-irradiated seed mycelium. The formation of primordia in all variants of the application of irradiated mycelium occurs much earlier than in the control.

In addition, irradiation of seed mycelium contributed to the simultaneous formation of a large number of primordia. (se) Examples of the use of red light to stimulate the process of fruiting and increase syu 50 yield of Ryeigoiiz ozigeaiiv8.

Obtaining seed mycelium, its irradiation, sowing on substrate blocks and incubation were carried out as 62 described in previous examples. A comparison of the fruiting processes in the experiment and the control made it possible to establish that the irradiation of the seed material in the specified mode allows to shorten the fruiting period by 7 days.

The maximum yield in experimental variants falls on 1 wave, which is observed in the 1st week of fruiting. On the blocks inoculated with 2.5 and 1.296 of non-irradiated mycelium, the largest number of mushrooms was collected in the second and third weeks of fruiting (Table 2, Fig.). Comparing the yield of fruiting bodies in different versions of the experiment and in the control, it can be stated that the effect of irradiation increases with a decrease in the dose of introduction of the substrate into the mycelium. The yield increases already at the minimum dose of irradiated mycelium application (1.295) in comparison with the maximum dose of non-irradiated mycelium application (595) and is 27.1 and 20.690 bu, respectively. However, at the 595th inoculation with irradiated mycelium, the yield increases by 4,395, and at the 1,295th inoculation with irradiated mycelium - already by 60,95 in comparison with the same doses of non-irradiated mycelium. When the dose of irradiated mycelium is reduced, there is a rather slight decrease in yield compared to a similar indicator for non-irradiated mycelium. It should also be emphasized that the reduction in the dose of the irradiated mycelium is not as significant as in the case of a reduction in the amount of non-irradiated, b5 affects the decrease in mushroom productivity. Thus, when the dose of non-irradiated seed material was reduced to 1.290, the yield decreased by 1895, and when 1.295 of irradiated mycelium was applied - by only 8.95, compared to the yields obtained when standard (595) doses were applied (Table 2).

Table 2

Dynamics of fruiting of Rietsygoii5 ovigeayv5 (pc. 431) on straw at different doses of irradiated and non-irradiated seed mycelium application

Amount of seed mycelium, 95 to the weight of the finished substrate Yield, 95 fresh fruiting bodies to the wet substrate Total

Number of days after inoculation

Gaya imye ii viv tv sa og yav |gv io o yua|gya slo» lv|io i: 1. vve |ta ta lom zi |z 021 va 00000016 tv | lo om oz zaz la o ve 5 Inoculation with irradiated mycelium 29.5 mo|zv|ov ovi vo|z2|02| |. w 00711115 854012 0105 va 40 03 - zhg5 11111111 rez in ooo" | and zi ovi om

Note: (-) - fruit bodies are absent

The indicators of the use of red light for the intensification of the technological stages of the industrial cultivation of the basidial edible mushroom Rietsygoishz ovigeayiz indicated in the examples show that the irradiation of the seed mycelium with red light with a wavelength of 630-700 nm at a dose of 23 Ω/cm?, obtained with the use of an incandescent lamp (heat source), allows 2-4 times reduce the dose of seed mycelium that is introduced into the substrate, shorten the period of cultivation by 7-14 days and increase the yield of fruiting bodies by 43-60905.

And 2

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention The method of intensification of the technological stages of the industrial cultivation of the basidial edible mushroom Rieigoiis ovigeaiiv (dasd.:Rg.)Kitt) is based on the effect of red light on the seed mycelium of the mushroom, "9 which differs in that the seed mycelium is irradiated with red light at a dose of 230 mJ/cm 2, obtained using an incandescent lamp with a red filter as a light source. (Se) oh - and? - (o) se) (95) (42) 60 b5