UA147323U - METHOD OF OPEN DEVELOPMENT OF SLIDING DEPOSITS - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of open development of sloping deposits includes the development of overburden, backfilling of overburden into the inter-quarry produced space, mining, construction of the exit from the quarry for transportation of minerals, drainage of the intra-quarry space. In the process of development and storage of overburden, a dam is built, which separates the working area and the exit trench of the flooded quarry with consecutive drainage of only the working area of the quarry, while the water is discharged into the reservoir formed in the exit trench when cut by the dam.

Description

The useful model belongs to the mining industry, namely to the open method of development of shallow deposits of minerals, which can be used in the reconstruction of flooded quarries.

A known method of developing shallow deposits, which includes the opening of the deposit with an external capital trench and a split trench, the development of overburden rocks that cover the mineral, the extraction of the mineral, the transportation of the mineral to the surface by the capital trench, the formation of an internal dump of overburden rocks in the produced space following the quarry following the progress of mining operations, drainage of the quarry field

IDryzhenko, A.Yu. Career technological mine transport systems!: monograph:

Dnipropetrovsk: NSU, 2011. - 542 p...

The disadvantage of this method is the ever-increasing volume of the exit trench and the area of detachment of the rock massif when the front of mining works is advanced, which causes an increase in the volume of water inflow into the intra-pit space.

The closest to the proposed method is the method of opening deposits, including shallow ones, with the simultaneous reduction as the quarry field of the residual exit trench is worked out, which includes opening the deposit with a capital trench in the design contours of the quarry from the side of the advance of the mining front, conducting a split trench , storage of overburden rocks in an internal dump, placement of a niche at the end of the quarry field with a temporary exit trench in the form of a semi-trench (Barsukov M.I., Barsukov I.M. Land protection during open pit mining: - K.: Technika, 1987. - 150 s.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to periodically build a niche on the opposite end of the quarry from the temporary slope, which complicates the technological process of extracting overburden rocks. In addition, in order to reduce the residual exit trench as the quarry field is worked out, it is necessary to constantly increase the width of the bottom of the pit, otherwise the surface of the dump will be below the level of the adjacent land, which will lead to waterlogging or flooding of the dump area, which will complicate the work of its reclamation. On the other hand, an increase in the width of the bottom will make it impossible to use non-transport and transport-dumping systems of field development, and will also lead to an increase in the distance of transportation of overburden rocks to the internal dump.

The basis of a useful model is the task of improving the method of open development of shallow deposits, in which, by introducing new technological operations and their interrelationships, the possibility of renewing the open development of shallow deposits, especially flooded quarries, is achieved by simplifying the technology and reducing the volume of removal of water in a continuous process regardless of the field development system and, due to this, increasing efficiency while reducing the cost of extracting the mineral.

The task is solved by the fact that in the known method of open pit development, which includes the development of overburden rocks, dumping of overburden rocks into the intra-pit produced space, extraction of the mineral, construction of an exit from the pit for transportation of the mineral, drainage of the intra-pit space , according to a useful model, in the process of development and stockpiling of overburden rocks, a dam is built, which separates the working zone and the exit trench of the flooded pit with sequential drainage of only the working zone of the pit, while the water is dumped into the reservoir formed in the exit trench during cutting off dam

The drawing shows a technological diagram of the open development of shallow deposits after draining the working area and resuming mining operations, where: 1 - overburden rocks; 2 - exit trench; C - working area; 4 - dam; 5 - horizontal surface of the dam; 6 - opening hole; 7 - dump dead end; 8 - internal dump; 9 - technological transport; 10 - new exit trench; 11 - mining hole; 12 - the earth's surface; 13 - pumping unit; 14 - formed reservoir; 15 - mineral.

The proposed method of renewing the open development of shallow deposits is implemented as follows.

First, in the water-flooded quarry, the development of the strata of overburden 1, not flooded with water, begins. From these rocks, a dam 4 is first constructed in the area where exit trench 2 joins the working zone of pit Z in such a way as to form two separate reservoirs - one in the working zone 3, the second - in exit trench 2. Dam 4 is formed to prevent water from entering from the reservoir of the exit trench 2 to the open mining of the working zone 3.

At the same time, it is more efficient to carry out freight transport communication between the open pits 6 of the working zone C with the dump dead-ends 7 of the internal dump 8 and the horizontal surface of the dam 5. In this case, the dam 4 is formed in such a way as to ensure a sufficient width of its horizontal platforms 5 for the passage of technological transport 9 .

In parallel with the construction of the dam 4, a new exit trench 10 is being built in one of the ends of the working area of the pit 3, which is intended for the freight transport connection of the mining pits 11 and the surface 12. The new exit trench 10 can consist of a system of half-trenches, which are constructed or with extraction overburden rocks, or with the formation of an embankment in the intra-pit space, as well as from a double-sided trench, depending on the conditions of the deposit and the parameters of the existing open pit mining. The overburden rocks removed during the construction of the new exit trench 10 can be used in the construction of dam 4.

After the construction of dam 4 and the formation of a new exit trench 10, water from the intra-pit space of the working zone C is taken with the help of pumping units 13 and discharged into the reservoir 14 formed by cutting off the exit trench 2 by the dam 4. After draining the working zone of the quarry 3, open development mineral 15 is recovered according to the selected development system. At the same time, it is more efficient to store overburden rocks, except for the internal dump 8, in the reservoir formed by cutting off the exit trench with a dam in order to reduce the distance of their transportation. In addition, at any stage of the renewal of the open development of shallow deposits, the mark of the bottom of the old exit trench can be lowered with the help of dredging shells, thanks to which part of the volume of water will flow into the formed underwater production, which will lead to a decrease in expenses for water removal, and the water level mark in the internal pit space will decrease.

The economic effect of using the method of renewing the open development of shallow deposits is calculated according to the formula:

E - (Mi-M2g)-b - (11.3-7)-4.2-18.06 million hryvnias, where: Mi - the total volume of water accumulated in the intra-pit space, million mu; Me - the volume of water that must be diverted to drain the working area, according to the proposed method, million m; C is the cost of water pumping from the pit space, hryvnias/m3.

Application of the method of open development of shallow deposits, which is claimed, allows to reduce the volume of water removal from the intra-pit space due to the reduction of the volume of the open mining, which is drained, by separating a part of the open mining, an exit trench, a dam formed from overburden rocks .

Implementation of the method of open development of shallow deposits in production

The reconstruction of the Moroziv brown coal section (Olexandria, Ukraine) will allow to obtain a total economic effect in the amount of 18.06 million hryvnias.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of open-pit development of shallow deposits, which includes the development of overburden rocks, the dumping of overburden rocks into the intra-pit produced space, the extraction of a mineral, the construction of an exit from the pit for the transportation of the mineral, the drainage of the intra-pit space, which is distinguished by the fact that in the process development and stockpiling of overburden rocks, a dam is built, which separates the working zone and the exit trench of the flooded quarry with sequential drainage of only the working zone of the quarry, while the water is discharged into the reservoir formed in the exit trench when cut off by the dam.