CN111749694B - Collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure - Google Patents
Collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111749694B CN111749694B CN202010668292.1A CN202010668292A CN111749694B CN 111749694 B CN111749694 B CN 111749694B CN 202010668292 A CN202010668292 A CN 202010668292A CN 111749694 B CN111749694 B CN 111749694B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
Abstract
The invention provides a collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure, wherein rocks between ore bodies and a water body are used as a water-resisting layer, the ore bodies adopt a subsequent filling mining method, the ore bodies with the thickness above the middle thickness are all subjected to subsection medium-length hole rock drilling or large-aperture deep hole rock drilling, and a stage bottom structure is mined; the mining engineering layout form is as follows: the ore rooms with horizontal ore removal are arranged along the trend and are provided with a vein-through lane; the ore body is arranged above the ore removal level, the rock drilling level and the blasting level are arranged above the ore body, the vein penetrating transport lane is arranged below the ore removal level, the vein penetrating lane is parallel to the vein penetrating transport lane, a plurality of ore pass shafts are arranged according to the thickness of the ore body, the ore pass shafts are communicated with the vein penetrating lane and the vein penetrating transport lane, and the ore pass shafts are distributed on the vein penetrating lane; after blasting is carried out on the blasting level above the ore body, ore is removed to a chute after falling to the ore removal level below the ore body, and then falls to a drift transportation roadway below the stope for ore removal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure.
Background
At present, a roof karst aquifer of an ore body has the characteristics of large thickness, karst cave development, high mud and sand filling rate, water guide fault development and rich still water storage capacity; if pre-drainage is not carried out in the initial stage of mine infrastructure and production, the sudden water inflow and the underground debris flow are easily generated when roadway development and mining preparation engineering are carried out in a top plate and then stoping is carried out, and the threat to underground infrastructure and production safety is formed; because the iron ore body is stored in the water-rich stratum, the method mainly adopting water avoidance has no feasibility; and the underground ore body side curtain grouting is adopted, so that the engineering quantity is too large, a certain water inrush risk exists, and the underground ore body side curtain grouting is not suitable for being adopted.
Therefore, the traditional dredging method is adopted at present, and the dewatering is required to be carried out one stage in advance, namely when the +100 stage of mining is required, the dewatering engineering must be carried out at the +0 meter stage, and the water level is ensured to be below +100 meters; the problem of sudden water burst of the karst cave and the water guide fault can be solved by pre-draining, and simultaneously, the fillers such as silt, broken stone and the like in the karst cave can release water along with the reduction of the underground water level and lose the fluidity, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of possibility of generating the underground debris flow.
However, the following problems also exist: the water level of the strong rock solution area is greatly reduced to be lower than the middle section of mining, and the water inflow of a pit is also obviously increased, so that a large amount of drainage engineering is required, the yield is also delayed due to the slow influence of the water level reduction, and the mining condition can be met only after drainage is required for a plurality of years; in addition, the increase of the water discharge amount can occupy large fund in advance for water dredging and draining engineering, and the two points obviously influence the economic benefit of the mine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cooperative mining method capable of mining under pressure takes rocks between an ore body and a water body as a water-resisting layer and protects the rocks; adopting a subsequent filling mining method for ore bodies, performing segmented medium-deep hole drilling or large-aperture deep hole drilling on the ore bodies with the thickness above the medium thickness, and removing ores from the bottom structure of the stage; the mining engineering layout form is as follows: the ore rooms with horizontal ore removal are arranged along the trend and are provided with a vein-through lane; an ore body is arranged above the ore removal level, a rock drilling level and a blasting level are arranged above the ore body, a vein-penetrating conveying lane is arranged below the ore removal level, the vein-penetrating conveying lane is parallel to the vein-penetrating conveying lane, a plurality of ore chutes are arranged according to the thickness of the ore body, the ore chutes are communicated with the vein-penetrating conveying lane and are distributed on the vein-penetrating conveying lane; after blasting is carried out on the blasting level above the ore body, ore is removed to a chute after falling to the ore removal level below the ore body, and then falls to a drift transportation roadway below the stope for ore removal.
Preferably, the drift transport lane is equipped with many, and every 120 meters interval is equipped with a drift transport lane, every the level of ore removal parallel of drift transport lane top is equipped with one the drift lane, two between the drift lane, can follow the stope both ends and exploit simultaneously during mining, improve mining efficiency, and because the drift lane all is equipped with the ore pass, make the distance of transporting to the ore pass after the mining shorten, improve mining efficiency once more.
Preferably, the section with the thicker ore body is prevented by adopting approximate curtain grouting.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of mining the chamber far away from the water-resisting layer firstly, and mining the chamber close to the water-resisting layer finally; and the finally mined chamber can be used as a raw rock protective layer of a water-resisting layer for a longer period.
Preferably, the ground above the stope is provided with waterproof facilities, and the method of arranging a catch basin, arranging an anti-seepage riverbed, and filling and plugging collapse and cracks is adopted for water prevention.
Preferably, the groundwater around the stope is drained by a draining method, and the groundwater is intercepted in a groundwater recharge direction.
The invention follows the principle of firstly simplifying and then complicating, firstly arranging defences on the ground and then underground layer by layer; for various surface water which possibly flows into the mine pit, ground waterproof measures (intercepting ditches, seepage-proof riverbeds, collapse and crack filling, plugging and the like) are adopted; the method mainly adopts the measures of draining the underground water near the ore body, and the holes are distributed in the supply direction to intercept the underground water as much as possible.
The main research work to be carried out on the drainage technology is as follows: firstly, the distribution rule of the waterproof strip: detecting the distribution characteristics and the water-resisting performance of the water-resisting strip by adopting necessary drilling holes; secondly, monitoring water pressure: and (3) grasping the state of the underground water level funnel in the pit range by utilizing the established underground water pressure observation network, and analyzing the influence on mining production. Generally, the water level of the limestone close to the ore body is reduced to the elevation of the middle mining section or below, and the water level of a strong aquifer on the north side of the diabase and skarn water-resisting belt can be kept at a high level; thirdly, local grouting and water plugging: if a water-conducting fracture or a large crack (such as a northwest fault or a crack) is found to destroy the water-resisting performance of the diabase and the skarn, and strong aquifer water on the north side is led into a stope, a local grouting water-stopping measure is adopted to strengthen the overall water-resisting performance of the diabase and the skarn. In addition, the concentrated sandstone and granite fissure water in the pit is also subjected to grouting plugging so as to reduce ineffective drainage; fourthly, controlling the mining method and the ground pressure: in order to protect diabase and skarn water-resisting strips from being damaged, a filling mining method is required to be adopted, and stope structure parameters are optimized simultaneously so as to control deformation of a stope roof or one side close to the water-resisting strips within a reasonable range; fifthly, determining the safety height: if diabase and skarn water-stop belts exist on the top plate of the ore body and strong aquifers exist on the water-stop belts, in order to avoid the deformation of the top plate caused by mining from damaging the integrity of the water-stop belts, a safety height value is optimized and determined, and the structural parameters of a mining field are matched with the safety height value; sixthly, safety measures are as follows: in order to prevent a great amount of underground water from flowing into a stope, a series of safety measures are made, and the safety measures mainly comprise the aspects of safe distance between the stope and a water-resisting strip, water exploration and drainage, blasting control, water pressure monitoring, long anchor rope reinforcement, local grouting and the like.
For the safety problem of underground water inrush concerned by mines, the following safety measures can be adopted besides the technical measures: firstly, enough drainage equipment is equipped according to the maximum water inflow amount of a pit, so that water burst can be resisted, and well flooding accidents are avoided; predicting the possible maximum water inrush amount under the condition of local under-pressure mining to achieve the central number; thirdly, arranging underground pressure measuring holes and rock-shifting monitoring points in the key sections, and predicting water inrush risks; fourthly, in a possible water inrush risk section, drain holes are arranged in advance, so that water can be drained controllably, the water pressure is reduced, and water inrush is avoided; fifthly, the protection of the diabase and skarn hidden water-proof strip is emphasized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: one panel is arranged every 120 meters along the trend, and corresponds to a lower transportation lane, so that the transportation is convenient; a plurality of ore orepasses can be arranged in each panel area, so that centralized and efficient loading, transportation and management can be realized, the distance from a stope to the orepasses is short, and efficient shoveling and transportation can be realized; thirdly, if the ore pass of the adjacent panels is reused, ore removal can be performed on two sides of a stope, strong mining of the stope is realized, the exposure time of a goaf is shortened, and the safety effect is good; the direction of the stone clamping belt is generally the same as that of the ore body, the stope is designed along the direction, so that the stope and the stone clamping belt are consistent in direction, the stone clamping belt is easy to remove, the stone clamping belt can be arranged at intervals, and the mixing rate of waste stones and the engineering quantity of re-excavating cutting grooves are reduced; fifthly, the mining preparation design difficulty is reduced, after the mining preparation design is arranged along the trend, the ore body in the range of the panel area is stable in appearance, the design parameters are single, and different sections do not need to be designed respectively; sixthly, arrange along the trend, the long-and-short distance condition can be looked near to the stope that is close to the roof aquifer and not adopt or slow mining, treats to adopt again after the water level descends to safe height, and the stope remains completely, is favorable to mining work.
Seventhly, arranging a plurality of drift shafts corresponding to drift wells, namely ore pillars of the panel, reserving the ore pillars to a later stage for stoping, reserving a stope on the roof for stoping, and then recovering the ore pillars, wherein the two have combined action, so that the water-bearing layer of the roof can be guaranteed not to be disturbed for a long time; the design of the chamber enables the direction of the chamber to be perpendicular to the water body, and a subsequent filling mining method and a chamber close to the isolation belt are adopted for final mining, so that the ore body keeps good density in case of water inrush, and safety accidents caused by the fact that water flow can quickly pass through the chamber when the direction of the traditional mining chamber is the same as the direction of the water body are solved; ninthly, mining at the 0 m stage in advance can be started without waiting for the completion of-100 drainage projects; production can be started several years in advance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the ore removal level of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
the collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure as shown in fig. 1-3 is characterized in that rocks between an ore body 1 and a water body are used as a water-resisting layer 2, the ore body adopts a subsequent filling mining method, the ore body with a medium thickness or more is subjected to subsection medium-length hole drilling or large-aperture deep hole drilling, and a stage bottom structure is mined; the mining engineering layout form is as follows: the ore rooms 31 of the ore removal level 3 are arranged along the trend and are provided with a vein-through lane 32; an ore body 1 is arranged above the ore removal level 3, a rock drilling level and a blasting level 4 are arranged above the ore body 1, a vein-penetrating transport lane 5 is arranged below the ore removal level 3, the vein-penetrating lane 32 is parallel to the vein-penetrating transport lane 5, a plurality of ore chutes 6 are arranged according to the thickness of the ore body 1, and the plurality of ore chutes 6 are distributed on the vein-penetrating lane 32 and are communicated with the vein-penetrating transport lane 32 and the vein-penetrating transport lane 5; after blasting is carried out above the stope, ores fall to a lower ore removal level 3, are mined and are transported to a chute 6, and then fall to a drift transport lane 5 below the stope for ore removal; an upper plate return airway (not shown in the figure) is arranged at both the rock drilling level and the ore removal level.
Preferably, the vein-penetrating transport lane 5 is provided with a plurality of vein-penetrating transport lanes 5, each vein-penetrating transport lane 5 is arranged at an interval of 120 meters, each vein-penetrating transport lane 5 is provided with one ore removal level parallel above the vein-penetrating transport lane 32 and two ore rooms 31 are arranged between the vein-penetrating lanes 32, mining can be simultaneously carried out from two ends of the ore rooms 31 during mining, the mining efficiency is improved, and the vein-penetrating lanes 32 are provided with the ore chutes 6, so that the distance from the ore to the ore chutes 6 after mining is shortened, and the mining efficiency is improved again.
Preferably, the section with the thicker ore body is prevented by adopting approximate curtain grouting.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of firstly mining the stope far away from the water-resisting layer, and finally mining the stope close to the water-resisting layer; and the finally mined chamber can be used as a raw rock protective layer of a waterproof layer for a long period.
Preferably, the ground above the stope is provided with waterproof facilities, and the method of arranging a catch basin, arranging an anti-seepage riverbed, and filling and plugging collapse and cracks is adopted for water prevention.
Preferably, the groundwater around the stope is drained by a drainage method, and the groundwater is intercepted in the groundwater recharge direction.
The main research work to be carried out on the drainage technology is as follows: firstly, the distribution rule of the waterproof strip: detecting the distribution characteristics and the water-resisting performance of the water-resisting strip by adopting necessary drilling holes; secondly, monitoring water pressure: and (3) grasping the underground water level funnel state in the pit range by utilizing the established underground water pressure observation network, and analyzing the influence on mining production. Generally, the water level of the limestone close to the ore body is reduced to the level of the middle mining section or below, and the water level of a strong aquifer at the north side of the diabase and skarn water-resisting belt can be kept at a high level; thirdly, local grouting and water plugging: if water-conducting fracture or large fracture (such as northwest fault or fracture) is found to destroy the water-resisting performance of diabase and diabase, and strong water-bearing stratum water on the north side is guided into a stope, a local grouting water-stopping measure is adopted to strengthen the overall water-resisting performance of diabase and skase. In addition, sandstone and granite fissure water concentrated in the pit is also subjected to grouting plugging so as to reduce ineffective drainage; fourthly, controlling the mining method and the ground pressure: in order to protect diabase and skarn water-resisting strips from being damaged, a filling mining method is required to be adopted, and stope structure parameters are optimized at the same time, so that the deformation of a stope top plate or one side close to the water-resisting strips is controlled within a reasonable range; fifthly, determining the safety height: if diabase and skarn water-stop belts exist on the top plate of the ore body and strong aquifers exist on the water-stop belts, under the condition, in order to avoid the deformation of the top plate caused by mining from damaging the integrity of the water-stop belts, a safety height value is optimized and determined, and the structural parameters of a stope are matched with the safety height value; sixthly, safety measures are as follows: in order to prevent a great amount of underground water from flowing into a stope, a series of safety measures are made, and the safety measures mainly comprise the aspects of safe distance between the stope and a water-resisting strip, water exploration and drainage, blasting control, water pressure monitoring, long anchor rope reinforcement, local grouting and the like.
For the safety problem of underground water inrush concerned by mines, the following safety measures can be adopted besides the technical measures: firstly, enough drainage equipment is equipped according to the maximum water inflow amount of a pit, so that water burst can be resisted, and well flooding accidents are avoided; predicting the possible maximum water inrush amount under the condition of local under-pressure mining to achieve the central number; thirdly, arranging underground pressure measuring holes and rock-shifting monitoring points in the key sections, and predicting water inrush risks; fourthly, in a possible water inrush risk section, drain holes are arranged in advance, so that water can be drained controllably, the water pressure is reduced, and water inrush is avoided; and fifthly, paying attention to the protection of the diabase and skarn hidden waterproof strip.
The invention follows the principle of firstly simplifying and then complicating, firstly arranging defences on the ground and then underground layer by layer; for various surface water which possibly gushes into the pit, ground waterproof measures (intercepting ditches, seepage-proofing riverbeds, collapse and crack filling, plugging and the like) are adopted; and (3) taking measures of mainly draining the underground water near the ore body, and distributing holes in the supply direction to intercept the underground water as much as possible.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: one panel is arranged every 120 meters along the trend, and corresponds to a lower transportation lane, so that the transportation is convenient; a plurality of ore orepasses can be arranged in each panel area, so that centralized and efficient loading, transportation and management can be realized, the distance from a stope to the orepasses is short, and efficient shoveling and transportation can be realized; thirdly, if the drop shafts of the adjacent panels are reused, ore removal can be carried out on two sides of one stope, strong mining of the stope is realized, the exposure time of a goaf is shortened, and the safety effect is good; the direction of the stone clamping belt 7 is generally the same as that of the ore body, the stope is designed along the direction, the direction of the stope is consistent with that of the stone clamping belt 7, the stone clamping belt 7 is easy to remove, and the stone clamping belt can be arranged at intervals, so that the mixing rate of waste stones is reduced, and the work amount of excavating the cutting groove again is reduced; fifthly, the mining preparation design difficulty is reduced, after the mining preparation design is arranged along the trend, the ore body in the range of the panel area is stable in appearance, the design parameters are single, and different sections do not need to be designed respectively; and sixthly, the chamber is arranged along the trend, the chamber close to the water-bearing layer of the top plate can be not mined or slowly mined according to the distance condition, and is mined after the water level is lowered to the safety height, so that the chamber is completely reserved, and the mining work is facilitated. Seventhly, arranging a plurality of drift shafts corresponding to drift wells, namely ore pillars of the panel, reserving the ore pillars to a later stage for stoping, reserving a stope on the roof for stoping, and then recovering the ore pillars, wherein the two have combined action, so that the water-bearing layer of the roof can be guaranteed not to be disturbed for a long time; the design of the chamber enables the direction of the chamber to be perpendicular to the water body, and a subsequent filling mining method and a chamber close to the isolation belt are adopted for final mining, so that the ore body keeps good density in case of water inrush, and safety accidents caused by the fact that water flow can quickly pass through the chamber when the direction of the traditional mining chamber is the same as the direction of the water body are solved; ninthly, mining at the 0 m stage in advance can be started without waiting for the completion of-100 drainage projects; production can be started several years ahead.
The principles and implementations of the conventional methods known to those skilled in the art used in the present invention can be known to those skilled in the art through related art books or through conventional experimental methods, such as: the method for grouting ore body curtains, setting intercepting ditches, setting anti-seepage riverbeds and carrying out water prevention by collapse, crack filling and plugging is the prior method or technology, and the method is not repeated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A collaborative mining method capable of mining under pressure is characterized in that:
drilling holes are adopted to check the distribution characteristics and the water-resisting performance of the water-resisting strip; the underground water pressure observation network is utilized to master the underground water level funnel state in the pit range, the influence on mining production is analyzed, the limestone water level close to an ore body is reduced to the elevation of the middle mining section or below, diabase and skarn between the ore body and a water body are utilized as a water-resisting layer, and the water level of a strong aquifer at one side of the water-resisting layer can be kept at a high level;
mining the chamber far away from the water-resisting layer, and finally mining the chamber close to the water-resisting layer; finally, the mined chamber can be used as a raw rock protective layer of a water-resisting layer for a longer period; adopting a subsequent filling mining method for ore bodies, performing sectional medium-length hole drilling or large-aperture hole drilling on the ore bodies with the thickness above the medium thickness, and removing ores from the bottom structure of a stage;
mining method and control of ground pressure: in order to protect the water-resisting layer from being damaged, a filling mining method is required to be adopted, and stope structure parameters are optimized at the same time, so that the deformation of the stope top plate or one side close to the water-resisting layer is controlled within a reasonable range;
the mining engineering layout form is as follows: the ore rooms with horizontal ore removal are arranged along the trend and are provided with drift tunnels, and the walking direction of the ore rooms is vertical to the water body; the ore body is arranged above the ore removal level, the rock drilling level and the blasting level are arranged above the ore body, the vein penetrating transport lane is arranged below the ore removal level, the vein penetrating lane is parallel to the vein penetrating transport lane, a plurality of ore pass shafts are arranged according to the thickness of the ore body, the ore pass shafts are communicated with the vein penetrating lane and the vein penetrating transport lane, and the ore pass shafts are distributed on the vein penetrating lane;
after blasting is carried out on the blasting level above the ore body, the ore falls to the ore removal level below, and is conveyed to a chute, and then falls to a vein-through transportation roadway below the stope for ore removal.
2. A method of co-ordinated mining with extraction under pressure as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the wearing vein haulage lane is equipped with many, and every 120 meters interval is equipped with a wearing vein haulage lane, every the level of ore removal parallel of wearing vein haulage lane top is equipped with one the wearing vein lane, two there is a plurality of between the wearing vein lane the stope can be followed a plurality of during the mining the stope both ends are mined simultaneously, improve mining efficiency, and because the wearing vein lane all is equipped with the ore pass for the distance of transporting the ore pass after the mining shortens, improves mining efficiency once more.
3. A collaborative mining method with pressure extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) adopting approximate curtain grouting to prevent the section with the thicker ore body.
4. A collaborative mining method with pressure extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the ground above the stope is provided with waterproof facilities, and the waterproof facilities are used for preventing water by adopting methods of arranging a catch basin, arranging an anti-seepage riverbed, and filling and plugging collapse and cracks.
5. A collaborative mining method with pressure extraction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: draining the groundwater around the stope by adopting a draining method, and intercepting the groundwater in the groundwater supply direction.
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