UA124437C2 - Cultivator, especially for within-the-row cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivator K, mainly for within-the-row cultivation, having a frame (1) attached to a tractor or a towed structure. The frame (1) is provided with at least one cultivating unit (8) with a rotary hoe member (12) having an inclined rotary axis, as cutting tool. The essence of the invention lies in that the cultivating unit (8) is parallel guided on the frame (1) and is provided with a tool holder (10) arranged transversely adjustable on the frame (1) in relation to a travel direction (16) of the cultivator K. On the frame (1), hoe wheels (21A, 21B) of the at least two adjacent rotary hoe members (12A, 12B) are arranged along the cultivated plant row 6, in each row spacing (6Л), in the direction of travel (16) having laterally and rearwardly inclined rotary axis (22A and 22B), so that the hoe wheels (21A) and 21B of the adjacent rotary hoe members (12A and 12B) are rotatable in opposite directions. Further-more, in the cultivation unit (8) arranged in the row spacing 6A, the hoe wheels (21A and 21B) of the adjacent rotary hoe

Description

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Field of invention

This application concerns a cultivator, especially for in-row cultivation - an agricultural machine.

As is well known, the agrotechnical goal of "in-row cultivation" is to prevent soil contamination and promote soil ventilation between rows of plants, as well as to allow moisture to penetrate the roots and to eradicate weeds. For the successful implementation of these operations, the main requirements for field cultivators are currently: - effective destruction / elimination of weeds within a row of plants; - soil loosening without clogging (without the formation of a lumpy structure) and spraying; - cultivation within the row itself, but without damage to the crop and soil compaction; high productivity of the area, and the technology used allows for in-row cultivation several times during the season.

Different cultivators are known in this field of technology (for example, CE 2528928 and 05 4"646'850), where the tools for soil treatment are formed in the form of rotary paws. The common feature of these solutions is that the axes of rotation of each rotary paw - made in groups or individually on the frame attached to the tractor - in their working position they are always parallel to the surface of the ground to be processed.

However, due to their structural solution, location and considerable weight, such solutions can work only with a small working depth of no more than 10-12 cm, and they work on a cleared row, that is, they are not able to process the entire surface of the soil. That is why, when using the above-mentioned cultivators, parts of the soil will inevitably remain untreated, weeds will be only partially weeded, and they will be buried in the soil, thus, new weed shoots may soon appear.

According to the experience of the authors of the invention, an additional problem of the above-mentioned solutions is that due to the small and limited cultivation width of the rotary pawls, they are only able to cultivate the surface of the soil with low efficiency. As a result, only an unacceptably poor herbicidal effect (weed killer) can be achieved. On the other hand, due to the excessive mass of the above-mentioned cultivators and the necessary excess traction energy, it is necessary

It should be calculated only on the relatively low efficiency of field cultivation.

From the above, it follows that the above-mentioned cultivators with rotary feet can be used only to a limited extent, since they are capable of exclusively processing the surface of the soil only with a small working depth of 10 to 12 cm and a small processing width.

Acceptable results can be achieved only when there are no weeds in the soil or immediately after weeding, when the weeds are still small.

According to practical experience, in large-scale field production in the world, well-known in-row cultivators are increasingly being displaced. The main reason for this is the lack of highly productive cultivators.

Essentially, the claw as a cutting tool, consisting of a cutting element fixed on a support rod or rod, has not changed for thousands of years. In this method of weeding, the supporting rod is a tool that the operator moves in the soil so that its cutting element cuts the roots of plants, or the rod is attached to the carriage and is pulled out on the chassis.

Not only the methods of killing weeds, but also the problems associated with these traditional methods have been known for thousands of years. These existing technological problems are as follows: high level of operational danger of cultivators; high risk of lumping when using a cultivator; short service life of cultivators; high failure rate in weed control; low productivity of cultivation areas; significant crop destruction; inefficient destruction of soil deposits; uneven soil surfaces after cultivation; possibility of re-growth of weeds; the impossibility of destroying weeds in the row of crops.

All these disadvantages were enough for farmers to exclude in-row cultivation from their agricultural technology, although its impact on crop yields, improved production safety, cost reduction effects and environmental importance are well known. Another problem is that, for these reasons, the 60 related work steps that must be performed, such as, for example, the destruction of chemically resistant weeds by means of in-row cultivation and the filling of the soil in the rows of plants, necessarily have be short-lived.

The purpose of the invention

Therefore, the main task of this invention is to create an improved solution, reliable and durable, without the clogging effect, which is long-lasting in use, preserves the root system, and reduces crop losses; even when the cultivator is not quite correctly directed along the row of plants, it provides a uniform flat surface of the soil after cultivation and reduces the possibility of weed recovery and does not cover the crops with soil, and also allows the destruction of weeds in the rows of plants.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved in-row cultivator capable of working with a relatively large working width and fully cultivating the entire surface of the soil, thus achieving ideal weed control and soil loosening.

Another goal of the invention is to increase the efficiency and economy of in-row cultivation.

Brief description of the invention

The cultivator according to this invention is suitable mainly for in-row cultivation, and has a frame attached to a tractor or towing structure. The frame is equipped with at least one cultivator unit with a rotary pawl element (cutting tool) having an inclined rotary axis. The block of the cultivator is placed in parallel on the frame and equipped with a tool holder located transversely with the possibility of adjustment on the frame in relation to the direction of movement of the cultivator. In addition, on the frame, at least two wheels of paws, at least two adjacent rotary elements of the paw, are located along the cultivated row of plants and in the interval between the rows in the direction of movement. Each of the at least two adjacent rotary pawl elements has a backward and sideways pivot axis so that the paw wheels of the adjacent rotary pawl elements can rotate in opposite directions. In the block of the cultivator, located in the rows, the wheels of the adjacent rotary elements of the paws are located one behind the other in the direction of movement. The essence of the invention is that each rotary element of the cultivator paw is connected to a protective disc located on the cultivation side

From the rotary element of the paw, behind a row of plants. Preferably, the wheels of at least two adjacent rotary members of the foot in the cultivator unit are arranged on the tool holder one behind the other in such a way that one of the lateral and rearwardly inclined rotary axes is inclined to the left, while the other is inclined to the right to cultivate a given working width of the row spacing.

According to another feature of the invention, at least two rotary elements of the paws are transversely and with the possibility of adjustment fixed on the tool holder in relation to the direction of movement for adjusting the working width of the cultivator block.

Preferably, the relative position of the height of the protective disc on the cultivator block is adjusted to adjust the thickness of the soil layer directed / deviated transversely to the direction of movement.

Additional benefits can be achieved by providing cultivator units with parallel guides and a height-adjustable support wheel that allows the soil to be directed towards the row of plants to suppress small weeds or to direct the soil by simply deflecting it away from the row of plants to prevent small plants from being covered with soil.

In the best embodiment of the cultivator according to the invention, for the above-mentioned purpose, in addition to the rotary handles that provide parallel guides, the cultivator blocks are combined with protective disks that are able to completely prevent the direction of the soil on a row of plants, in particular by adjusting the height and depth of cultivation to control the amount of soil , directed to a number of plants, for weed control, according to the state of the cultivated crop.

According to our experience in soil treatment, we also have to consider the problem that soil hardness is constantly changing due to rains. In deeper places, the soil is constantly softer because moisture evaporates later, and the soil of areas with a smaller layer becomes harder earlier, because moisture evaporates faster. As a result, even with height-adjustable wheels, it is not possible to precisely adjust the movement to the extent that the rotary elements of the paw must direct the soil towards or away from the row of plants. In many cases, another problem is that the surface of the soil is uneven due to poor seed preparation. In this case, it is hardly possible to accurately adjust the direction of the soil shift (deflection) using the rotary elements of the paws, depending on the unevenness of the terrain, in some cases it happens in the direction of the row of plants, in other cases, however, in the direction of the row of plants.

This particular problem can be solved by using the proposed protective disks according to the invention, which are always located in front of the axis of rotation of the corresponding rotary element of the paw, because according to our experience, the relative movement in the direction of the row of plants of the teeth of the paw, located in front of the axis of rotation, direct the soil directly to the row plants

An essential element of the idea of the invention is that the amount of soil deflected (directed) to the row of plants can be regulated by adjusting the relative height of the protective disk in relation to the wheel of the rotary element of the foot, controlled and in accordance with modern agronomic requirements, which remain constant regardless of the unevenness of the terrain and soil hardness. This is an important feature, since this measure will allow to cover sprouted weeds with soil even in the case of small crops.

The present invention is based on the finding that the actual problems of in-row cultivation can be solved by improving the traditional cultivators, which include rotary legs, if the adjacent rotary elements of the leg are located on the frame in the proposed method one after the other, and the cutting elements of the wheels of the leg are always rotating (moving). in the direction from the row of plants. Thus, the cultivator according to the present invention provides a comprehensive solution that allows you to significantly improve the technique of cultivation in the field and improve the economic situation.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description given below and disclosed in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION DRAWING

Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the cultivator according to the invention in a general view;

Fig. 2 illustrates a detail in Fig. 1 - a top view, namely a top view of two cultivator blocks;

Fig. C illustrates a side view of the detail from FIG. 2;

Fig. 4 illustrates a general view of the detail from FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 shows in an enlarged view the general view of the detail from Fig. 4.

Detailed description of the embodiment of the invention

Zo Cultivator K for cultivation within the row according to the invention in Fig. 1 includes a frame 1 with a beam 2 passing transversely to the direction of movement / the direction of the cultivator K, indicated by arrow 16. The frame 1 is provided with a transverse beam 2 and a coupling structure (not shown in detail, for example, a known three-point suspension structure), adapted to attach a cultivator K to the tractor or other towing structure (not shown) for forward movement 16 of the cultivator K. In this case, the frame coupling structure 1 is provided with two lower connecting heads C and one upper head 4 for hanging the cultivator K on the tractor.

In Fig. 1-3, frame 1 of the cultivator is supported on the ground on both sides by support wheels 5.

In Fig. 2, rows of plants (in this case, rows of corn stalks) are marked with position 6. A cultivator 8 is installed on beam 2 of frame 1 for each inter-row bA using a parallel guide 7, so that in this case, in total, there are eight blocks of cultivator 8 (Fig. 1).

Fig. 2 - a top view of two adjacent blocks 8 of the cultivator K according to the invention in a top view, and in Fig. C - side view. It should be noted that the other blocks of the cultivator 8 have the same design.

As can be seen in more detail in Fig. 4, each block of the cultivator 8 can be moved to the side, fixed on the transverse beam 2 of the frame 1 of the cultivator K, in this case with the help of a ram-like grip 9. The parallel guides 7 have parallel handles for the vertical movement of the block of the cultivator, which is hinged with the tool holder 10 of the cultivator block 8 for transferring the working elements of the cultivator block 8. In this case, the depth adjustment wheel 11 is vertically installed with the possibility of adjustment on the front part of the tool holder 10 (Fig. 3-4). Each unit of the cultivator 8 is provided with at least two elements 12A and 128 rotary elements of the paws as working elements (Fig. 2), which are presented in this embodiment together with a common tool holder 10, with longitudinal and transverse adjustment. In one and the same block of the cultivator 8, the opposite directions of rotation of the two rotary elements 12A and 12B of the paws are indicated by arrows 13A and 138, respectively (Fig. 2).

It should be noted that the preferred version of the embodiment and location of the swivel legs is disclosed in the previous PCT application of this Applicant under PCT / НО- 2009/000062 (herein referred to by reference).

The adjustment of the depth of cultivation 24 by the cultivator 1 can be carried out by adjusting the vertical position of the wheel 11 of the depth adjustment 60, which can be done by vertically shifting the bracket 14 of the depth adjustment wheel 11, in the node 15, and in the adjustable position of the wheel 11 of the depth adjustment it should be fixed, for example screw 29 (Fig. 3).

In Fig. 1-4, the forward direction of the cultivator K is indicated by arrow 16, and in Fig. The 2 rows of plants to be cultivated are marked 6, and the rows are bA, and the individual plants in the rows of plants are 6 by 17, and the original surface of the soil to be cultivated is marked 18.

Fi. 2 and C illustrate the attachment of the two rotary members of the leg 12A and 128 of the cultivator block 8 to the tool holder 10. The rotary members 12A and 12B of the leg have leg holders 19 which are connected to the brackets 20 of the tool holder 10, and in longitudinal holes or wells (not shown) of the tool holder 10, they can be moved transversely to adjust the working width 23 of the cultivator block 8. The lateral position of the rotary elements 12A and 128 of the paws is transversely adjusted on the paw holder 19, they can be fixed, for example, with screws.

In Fig. 1-3, at least two rotary elements 12A and 12B of the legs of each block of the cultivator 8 of the cultivator K according to the present invention are mutually arranged in such a way that the direction of rotation 13A and 13B, respectively, of the two adjacent wheels of the leg 21A and 218 of the rotary elements of the legs 12A and 128 are opposite to each other to one In addition, in the device according to the invention such wheel parts 21A and 218 paws with turning elements 12A and 12B of the paws, having an inclined sideways and backward turning axis 22A and 22B, respectively (only schematically shown in Fig. 2 and 3), which are closer to individual plants 17 rows of cultivated row of plants 6, but these parts perform practically the function of cultivation. In Fig. 2, the working width between adjacent rows of plants 6 is marked 23, and the adjustable working depth of the cultivation unit 8 is marked 24.

In this case, in each block of the cultivator 8, the angular position of their tilted sideways and backward pivot axes 22A, 22B of two adjacent elements 12A and 12B8 paws can be the same.

It should be emphasized that in the example embodiment shown in Fig. 2, viewed in the forward direction 16, the pivot axis 12A of the front pivot member 22A is inclined to the left and rearward, while the pivot axis 128 of the rear pivot member of the paw 228 is inclined to the right and rearward.

Thanks to this design, the rotary elements of the legs 12A and 12B of two adjacent blocks

From cultivator 8 in fig. 2-3 cultivate row spacing bA (for corn it can be 70-75 cm) 6 rows of plants with a working width 23 of approximately 65 cm in such a way that the front element of the cultivator paw 12A cultivates the left part of the entire working width 23 of row spacing bA, while the rear rotary element of the paw 128 cultivates its right part, preferably with an overlap of 15-25 cm in the middle of the interrow bA. In this case, the paw wheel discs (rotors) 21A and 218 rotary elements of the paw 12A and 108 have the same diameter (for example, 50 cm).

Wheels 21A and 218 paws of the rotary elements of the paw 12A and 128 blocks of the cultivator 8 are made with the possibility of free rotation around the rotary axes 22A and 228, respectively, in the node 26, fixed on the holder 19 of the paw. The specified angular position of the rotary axes is attached to the tool holder 10 with the help of 29 bolts (Fig. 2 and 3). In front of each rotary element of the paw 12A or 128, the support handle 30 is located transversely, with the possibility of displacement relative to the rotary elements of the paw 12A or 128 (Fig. 4-53. The support handles 30 are equipped with holes 31. Using one of the holes 31, the rotary handle 33 can be connected to the support handle 30 with the help of a screw 32. On the rotary handle 33, the threaded shaft 35 is fixed with the help of a nut 34, on which the protective disc 38 of the present invention rotates freely.

The rotary handle 33 has a tension extension spring 39 (Fig. 5). The support handle 30 is connected to the spring adjustment container 40, the position of which in the forward direction 16 can be adjusted with the help of the screw 41. The spring tensioning protrusion 39 and the spring adjustment container 40 are connected together by a spring 42. Lateral displacement and fixing of the support bracket 30 is perpendicular to the direction movement 16 is solved with the use of another container 43, fixed on the rotary element 12A or 12B of the paw with the help of a screw 49.

Cultivator K according to the invention works in such a way that during movement in the direction of movement 16, the teeth of the paw 27 of the wheels 21A and 218 of the rotary elements 12A and 12B of the paw, respectively, rotate away from the rows of plants b (see directions of rotation in Fig. 2). Thus, they are able to effectively destroy weeds and cover weeds with soil, break the surface layer of soil into small pieces, level separated soil segments, cut the stems of weeds that are crushed and cut into pieces, and also to remove soil parts from the roots of the cut weeds, as well as to reduce the screening of weed leaves, that is, various measures to destroy weeds are carried out in a very effective way. According to our field experiments, teeth /

knives 36 of the wheels of the paw 21A and 21B of the rotary elements of the paw 12A and 128 are durable, reliable, in addition, they do not require any control and practically never clog.

An additional agronomic effect of the invention is that, especially by combining the protective discs 38 with the rotary elements 12A and the pawl 128 of the proposed cultivator K, on crops that have just emerged or on plants at an early stage of development, the crop cover of plants 17 in rows of plants 6 can be prevented (Fig. 2), while containment and suppression (closure from light) of weeds in the interrows of row bA can be effectively performed.

When cultivating the crop, the protective discs 38 freely rotate on the surface 18 of the soil, but the discs 38 are preferably loaded on the ground, for example. in this case, due to the application of the pre-compressed force of the spring 42. This pre-tension can be adjusted by displacing the spring adjustment container 40 in the direction 16 - forward, and securing it with the screw 41 in the new position and engaging the spring 42 in another of the holes 45 formed in the tension extension springs 39.

In the case of plants at different stages of development, the cultivator K according to the present invention also enables a special lateral displacement of the soil (Fig. 2) with the help of protective disks 38, which effectively destroy weeds in the interrows ba, but unexpectedly also in the rows of plants 6 too.

The thickness 44 of the lateral displacement of the soil (see Fig. 3) depends on how far the protective disc 38 is from the surface 18 of the soil. As already mentioned above, the vertical position of the protective disk 38 can be adjusted, in the simplest way, by transferring the bolt 47 of the limiting chain 46 to another hole 48 of the rotary handle 33 or by shortening the length of the limiting chain 46 (Fig. 5). It should be noted that one end of the limiting chain 46 is attached to the bolt 47 and thereby to the rotary handle 33, and the other end to the support lever 30.

Using cultivator K according to the invention, the technology and economics of field cultivation can be significantly improved.

LIST OF USED DESIGNATIONS

K - cultivator 1 - frame 2 - beam

C - lower connecting head 4 - upper connecting head 5 - support wheel b - row of plants bA - row spacing 7 - parallel guide 8 - cultivator block 9 - gripper 10 - tool holder 11 - depth limiter / adjustment wheel 12A and 128 - rotary element of the leg 13A and 138 - direction of rotation 14 - bracket 15 - node 16 - arrow (forward direction / movement of the cultivator) 17 - individual plant 18 - original soil surface (for cultivation) 19 - leg holder 20 - bracket 21A and 218 - foot wheel (rotor) 22A and 228 - rotary axis 23 - working width 24 - depth of cultivation 25 - rotary axis of the unit (26) 26 - unit 27 - teeth of the paw / knives 28 - screw 29 - bolt 30 - support handle 31 - hole because 32 is a screw

33 - rotary handle 34 - nut 35 - shaft with slot 36 - screw 37 - screw 38 - protective disk 39 - spring tension extension 40 - spring adjustment container 41 - screw 43 - container for lateral adjustment 44 - soil layer thickness (later shifted by with the help of a protective disk) 45 - hole 46 - limiting chain 47 - bolt 48 - hole 49 - screw

Claims (3)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A cultivator, mainly for in-row cultivation, with a frame for attachment to a tractor or towing structure, such a frame having at least one cultivator unit with a rotary pawl element with an inclined rotary axis as a cutting tool, the cultivator unit (8) being directed parallel to the frame (1) and has a tool holder (10) made with the possibility of transverse adjustment on the frame (1) relative to the direction of movement (16) of the cultivator (K), and on the frame (1) of the paw wheel (21A, 218) of at least two adjacent rotary elements paws (12A, 12B) are located along a row of cultivated plants (b), in the interrow (6A), in the direction of movement (16) of the wheels of the paws (21A, 218) and have pivoting axes (22A, 228) tilted sideways and back, so that paw wheels (21A, 218) of adjacent rotary paw elements (12A, 128) can rotate in opposite directions, and in the cultivator block (8), located in the interrows of Zo (6A), paw wheels (21A, 218) of adjacent elements (12A, 128) are located one behind the other in the direction in the movement (16), which differs in that each rotary element of the leg (12A, 128) of the cultivator block (8) is connected to the protective element of the disk (38), installed on the cultivation side of the rotary element of the leg (12A, 12B), in a row ( b) plants, and each protective disc (38) has means for adjusting the relative position of the height of the protective disc (38) on the cultivator block (8) to adjust the thickness of the soil layer (44) directed perpendicular to the direction of travel (16) of the protective disc ( 38). 2. Cultivator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the paw wheels (21A, 218) of two adjacent rotary elements of the paw (12A, 12B) in the cultivator block (8) are arranged in such a way that they are located one behind the other on the tool holder (10) , so that one of the tilting sideways and backward pivot axes (22A, 22B) is tilted to the left, and the other is tilted to the right to cultivate the specified working width (23) row spacing (6A). 3. The cultivator according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by the fact that to adjust the working width (23) of the cultivator block (8), at least two rotary elements (12A, 12B) are fixed on the tool holder (10) with the possibility of transverse adjustment. (with;