UA124317U - METHOD OF IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF SHORT-TERM CULTIVATION ON IRRIGATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of increasing the productivity of short rotation crop rotation on irrigation involves the sequential rotation of crops: winter wheat - corn for grain - winter barley - soybeans, basic tillage and mineral fertilizers. In this case, a multi-depth non-shelf system of basic tillage is applied, under which chisel loosening is carried out for all crop rotations: winter wheat and winter barley - to a depth of 23-25 cm with the introduction of mineral fertilizers with a dose of N60P40 before sowing and N30 early weighing to a depth of 28-30 cm with the introduction of mineral fertilizers doses of N120P40 under corn and N90P40 under soy.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, to the technologies of growing agricultural crops.

A well-known method of increasing the productivity of short-rotation crop rotations includes the use of a long-term shallow tillage system in a five-field crop rotation with 80-96 grain saturation, which includes for meadow clover - shelf peeling at 10-12 cm of MzoRzoKzo, winter wheat - shelf peeling at 10- 12 cm of MaoReoKvo, corn for grain - plowing at 25-27 cm "w 40 t/ha of manure and - MeoRvoKao, peas - disc husking at 10-12 cm --- MzoRaoKao and barley with meadow clover seeding - shelf husking at 10 -12 cm same RzoKz. |"Skaliga O.S.

Productivity of crop rotation depending on the main tillage systems and fertilization levels in the central forest-steppe of Ukraine: autoref. thesis Ph.D. s.-g. Sciences: 06.01.01 / O.S.

Scabies; Dnipropetrovsk state agrarian Univ. - D., 2008. - 19 p.|.

The disadvantage of the method is that it was offered to farms in the Central zone

The forest-steppe of Ukraine does not take into account the natural and climatic conditions of the arid Southern zone

Steppe

The task of the useful model is to establish the optimal methods and depth of the main tillage and the use of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers to increase the productivity of short-rotation crop rotations in the irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe

of Ukraine.

The task is solved by using a multi-depth shelf-less system of the main soil cultivation, in which chisel loosening is carried out for all crops of the crop rotation: for winter wheat and winter barley - to a depth of 23-25 cm with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of MeoRao before sowing and Mzo in early spring and under row crops - to a depth of 28-30 cm with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses of MigoRao under corn and MeoRo under soybeans.

The method was developed and experimentally tested by the laboratory of agricultural technologies

Askania State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2014-2015 on irrigated lands in two-factor field experiments.

The object of research is the methods and depth of the main tillage, agrophysical parameters of the soil, plants of winter wheat, winter barley, corn and soybeans.

The soil of the experimental site is a dark chestnut slightly saline medium loam.

The area of the experiment is 12.9 ha, the sown plots are 860-920 m2, the accounting plots are 50 m: (Table 1).

Table 1

Scheme of a stationary experiment on the study of methods, depth and systems of the main tillage in short-rotation grain-row crop rotation with irrigation

System of main processing Wheat. .

Note: My! - sowing in previously untreated soil; h - chisel processing; d - disc processing; o - plowing

The research was conducted on three backgrounds of mineral nutrition, with the introduction of three doses of nitrogen fertilizer and 40 kg of d.r. per one hectare of crop rotation area. phosphorus (Table 2).

Table 2

Scheme of the experiment according to the doses of mineral application to agricultural crops of the 4-field grain-row crop rotation 11111111 (Warranties/ | (

Culture

Corn

On average, per 1 ha of crop rotation area

Agricultural machinery used in the experiments is generally recognized for the irrigated conditions of the South

of Ukraine, with the exception of the factors that were put to study. In the experiments, the regimes of irrigation of agricultural crops were used, under which the humidity of the soil layer 0-50 cm was maintained at the level of 75,956 HB. Irrigation was carried out by the sprinkler unit "/ittyk".

The highest productivity in terms of gross energy output per one hectare of crop rotation area is provided by crop rotation against the background of a shelf-less multi-depth system of main cultivation with deep chisel loosening for all crops, which under crop rotation fertilization systems

Me75R.o was 102.24 GJ (Table 3). The use of shallow loosening and sowing in previously untreated soil, against the background of the fertilization system with the introduction of Me75Rao per hectare of the crop rotation area, led to a decrease in crop rotation productivity by 5.8 and 18.2 95, respectively.

Table C

The average yield of rural areas crops and crop rotation productivity in terms of gross energy output, t/ha/gGJ

System Yield of crop rotation, t/ha / Gj/ha Total of the main Wheat Barley energy intensity Average, tillage winter. Winter corn Soybean Gdj 7 Gdj/ha factor (A) d 21.12 | 3 1 44151 6 1 7

Fertilization system: Me7»5R.o (factor B)

Differentiated)| 6.77/111.37 | 10.15/153.59 | 5.52/90/80 | 3.71/67.06 422.82 105.70 6b.98/114.73 | 8.91/134.82 | 5.67/93.27 | 3.6/66.16 408.98 102.24 7.13/117.34 | 10.17/153.97 | 5.84/95.99 | 3.7/66.97 434.27 108.57 multi-depth

MO-II 6b,54/107,56 | 7.45/112.72 | 4.69/77.07 | 3.19/57.74 355.09 88.78

The evaluation of the economic effectiveness of the technologies for growing agricultural crops in crop rotation with irrigation shows that in the case of multi-depth plowless main cultivation with chisel loosening for all crops to a depth of 23-25 cm to 28-30 cm, the highest profit and level of profitability was obtained when applying a dose of mineral fertilizers Me75Rlo B calculation for one hectare of crop rotation area (Table 4).

Table 4

Economic efficiency of the technology of growing agricultural crops under different systems of tillage and fertilization. Performance indicator

Cultivation system - i - : soil Production costs, Profit received, | Profitability level, hryvnias/ha hryvnias/ha up to

Fertilization system: Me7»5R.o (factor B)

Differentiated 10463 8698

Shelves shallow

Bezpolitseva. 10671 7 different depth 06 899 Z8.8

Mo-NY 8794 7428

The technology of growing agricultural crops using tools of the chisel type ensures deep loosening without excessive compaction of the soil. Which is especially relevant on the irrigated dark-chestnut soils of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine and can be used in farms that are sufficiently provided with material and technical resources.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of increasing the productivity of short-rotation crop rotation under irrigation, which includes a sequential rotation of crops: winter wheat - corn for grain - winter barley - soybean, carrying out the main soil cultivation and applying mineral fertilizers, which is distinguished by the fact that a multi-depth shelfless system of the main soil cultivation is used, in which Chisel loosening is carried out under all crops of the crop rotation: under winter wheat and winter barley - to a depth of 23-25 cm with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of MvoRao before sowing and Mzo in early spring and under row crops - to a depth of 28-30 cm with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses of MigoRao under corn and MeoRao under soybeans.