UA110482C2 - Method for producing pressed articles containing coal particles - Google Patents

Abstract

Vinakhid relate to the method of wiggling the pressed virobots, to take revenge of the parts of the vine, to hold the tidy of the pressed virobilov, and also to fix the pressed virobods in the methods of smelting the most varied methods. At the time of frequent use, there are a large number of parts of the material, which should be repaired from the virobi, should be punched, the first material should be repaired, the amount of water should be repaired, I should be cleaned

Description

The field of technology

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing pressed products containing coal particles, obtained at the same time pressed products, as well as the use of pressed products in methods of smelting iron in a stationary layer or in methods of manufacturing carbon media for methods of smelting iron in a stationary layer.

Technical level

Applicable in fixed bed iron smelting processes, for example in smelter gasifiers or in methods for the production of carbon media for fixed bed iron smelting processes, for example in the production of coke for blast furnaces, pressed products containing coal particles, for example briquettes, must after coming out of the press to have a certain tensile strength and compressive strength. Dumping strength is required so that the original value of the pressed products during loading into the process, despite the inevitable dumping, for example, when transferring from one conveyor to another or when loading into a material hopper, remains essentially original if possible. Compressive strength is required so that the original size of the pressed products after loading into the material hopper or fixed bed reactor, regardless of the pressure produced by the overlying layers of material, remains unchanged. These strength requirements are also jointly defined by the concept of "Cold strength".

Along with the strength in the cold state, also the strength in the hot state of pressed products - especially when used in thermal processes - is a criterion for their suitability for use. In the special case of using pressed products containing fine-grained coal particles in a method of smelting cast iron in a stationary layer, such as in a melting gasifier or a blast furnace, the concept of "Hot strength" refers to a) the strength of pressed products remaining after pyrolysis, in the high-temperature zone of semi-coke or coke particles and 5) to the strength of these semi-coke or coke particles after further chemical action of hot COg-containing gas. The minimum measure of strength in the hot state ensures that the particle size of the semi-coke or coke, which is present after the transformation of the pressed products by means of pyrolysis, should be essentially preserved.

Therefore, in the method of smelting iron in a stationary layer, the formation of a small fraction from pressed

From products or particles of coke before loading into or inside the fixed bed is undesirable, because it deteriorates the permeability of the fixed bed. In the special case of the method of smelting iron in a stationary layer, this applies to both gas permeability and the mode of drainage of the stationary layer in relation to liquid iron and slag. If the permeability of the stationary layer deteriorates, negative effects on its productivity, its specific energy consumption and its product quality should be expected.

From UMO 02/50219 Ai1i it is known the production of pressed products with sufficient strength in the cold state from fine-grained coal particles using a binder system of quicklime and molasses (molasses). At the same time, fine-grained particles of coal and quicklime are mixed, and the mixture, in order to continue the quenching reaction with moisture from the coal particles, is left alone, then molasses is mixed in, which at the same time plasticizes the resulting mixture, and, finally, pressed products are pressed from it.

There is coal that exhibits a very high water absorption capacity, and is especially characterized by its high moisture content. However, for use in iron smelting, the humidity of pressed products should not be very high, i.e. it should be at the maximum level of 7 95. This is explained by the fact that this moisture acts as an energy load when using pressed products for iron smelting or for the production of carbon media for iron smelting methods , because with an increase in the moisture content of pressed products, the specific use of carbon carriers increases significantly. Therefore, coal with a higher moisture content must be dried before processing into pressed products. In addition to the non-wetted pore volume already present in the undried coal, an additional pore volume is formed due to the removal of water from the cavities during drying. The non-wetted pore volume can absorb an appropriate amount of water or an aqueous medium. Also, the additional pore volume can, of course, reabsorb water or an aqueous medium. In addition, certain coal also has a tendency to form additional pore volume due to grain damage, especially during intensive drying. When drying coal with a high water absorption capacity to an acceptable humidity before using the method of manufacturing pressed products described in UMO 02/50219 A1, a large additional volume of pores is created. Therefore, the dried coal particle absorbs into its pores a significant part of the molasses particles necessary for bonding on the surface, which should be understood as an aqueous solution. Therefore, for such coal with commonly used additives, because molasses in the amount of "10 wt. 95 (965 by weight) in relation to the mass of processed coal,

it is impossible to achieve sufficient strength for pressed products. However, in order to still be able to produce pressed products with sufficient strength on the basis of molasses as a binder, it is necessary - to abandon the creation of non-wetted pore volume by drying or - to add as much molasses as is absorbed by the pore volume and therefore is not available for binding on the surface of coal particles.

However, these measures are undesirable for reasons of economic efficiency of the process.

Also, in the case of coal that is less moist by nature, which in order to achieve the moisture content of pressed products, which is a maximum of 7 wt. 95, should not be dried, part of the molasses is absorbed into the pores of the coal particles. However, molasses contains components that act catalytically in relation to the reaction of carbon with hot COg2-containing gases, due to which, especially in the hot zones of the stationary layer used for the production of cast iron, at temperatures of »800-10002С, depending on the pressure, the degree of transformation of solid carbon from CO", according to the Bodo reaction, increases. As a result, the hot strength of semi-coke or coke particles obtained from molasses-treated pressed products by pyrolysis decreases.

The use of bitumen as a binder proposed in UMO 9901583 A1 does not overcome such problems associated with the use of molasses. The production of pressed products with bitumen is burdened, however, by the very high cost of the binder.

The use of an aqueous bitumen emulsion as a binder system, proposed in JSC 005765 01, reduces bitumen consumption by more than 50 95. However, in practice it turned out that the coke charge must have a moisture content significantly higher than 5 wt. 95 in order to obtain stable pressed products when using similar bitumen emulsions ware. In addition, there is the problem that the pores present in the coal particles can imbibe the aqueous bitumen emulsion or remove water from the emulsion and thereby destabilize the latter due to droplet coalescence before a substantially uniform distribution of the emulsion within the material being processed can occur. into pressed products, and accordingly uniform wetting of the surface of the particles with emulsion. Thus, the effectiveness of the emulsion as a binder decreases.

The essence of the invention

Technical task

The object of this invention is to provide a method of manufacturing pressed products, in which these shortcomings of the state of the art are overcome and pressed products can be produced with sufficient strength in an undried state and in a hot state, even when using coal particles that must be dried in advance, using a binder system, containing less water than known methods.

Technical solution

This problem is solved by a method of manufacturing pressed products containing coal particles, in which coal particles are mixed with a binder system containing water, and the resulting mixture is then processed by pressing to obtain pressed products, which differs in that before mixing with with the system of a binder containing water, a partial amount of coal particles is subjected to the stage of impregnation (impregnation), during which it is permeated with a substance.

The predominant effect of the invention

During impregnation, the substance penetrates into the pores of the coal particles and prevents, accordingly, by filling the pore space, the penetration of the components of the water system of the binder.

Or the substance settles at the exit points of the pores on the surface of the coal particles, which are also called the necks of the pores, and prevents the penetration of the components of the water system of the binder into the pores with the help of such clogging of the necks of the pores.

In this way, it is prevented that the water system of the binder, which is necessary on the surface of the coal particles for the purpose of bonding, will no longer be able to fulfill this purpose of bonding after penetrating the pores. Accordingly, compared to the way in which the aqueous system of the binder can penetrate into the pores, the mass of the necessary aqueous system of the binder is reduced.

Preferably, coal particles processed into pressed products, or at least a partial amount of them before the impregnation stage, are dried to a moisture content of less than 8 wt. 96, preferably to a moisture content of less than 7 wt. 95. Moisture in the range from more than/equal to 4 wt. 95 to less than 8 wt. 95 is particularly preferred, moisture in the range of greater than/equal to 5 wt. 95 to less than 7 wt. 95 is particularly preferred.

The aqueous binder system may, in addition to water, contain one or more other components.

The impregnation stage can include vapor deposition of a substance on coal particles, irrigating the coal particles with the substance, mixing the substance into a moving bed of coal particles, or mixing the substance into a vortex layer of coal particles.

The fraction of coal particles that are subjected to the impregnation stage before mixing with the water-containing binder system and the coal particles that are not subjected to the impregnation stage can be the same material with regard to the grade of coal and the average particle size. According to another option, the fraction of coal particles that are subjected to the impregnation stage before mixing with the water-containing binder system can be the same grade of coal as the coal particles that are not subjected to the impregnation stage, but have different average particle sizes , than coal particles that do not undergo the impregnation stage.

Not the entire amount of coal particles processed into pressed products is subjected to impregnation, but only a partial amount.

According to another variant, the partial amount of coal particles, which before mixing with the binder system containing water, are subjected to the stage of impregnation, may be a different grade of coal than the particles of coal that are not subjected to the stage of impregnation. At the same time, the partial number of particles of coal subject to impregnation and particles of coal that are not subject to impregnation may have the same or different average particle sizes.

If the fractional quantities of coal particles from which the pressed products are to be produced differ in that they belong to different grades of coal, and different grades of coal would produce pressed products with different values for cold hardness or hot hardness, then it is preferable subject to impregnation that fraction which would have produced pressed products with unfavorable values for cold hardness or hot hardness.

If the coal particles from which the pressed products are to be made belong to a single grade of coal, but differ in that they have different average particle sizes, it may be preferable to impregnate the fraction having the highest possible average particle size. Since the specific surface area of coal particles with a large average particle size is smaller than that of coal particles with a smaller average particle size, in this way, with a given amount of impregnating agent, a larger part of the mass of coal particles processed into pressed products can be impregnated than with impregnation coal particles with a smaller average particle size.

If the coal particles from which the pressed products are to be made belong to

From the same grade of coal, but differing in that they have different average particle sizes, it may also be preferable to impregnate the fraction that has the minimum possible average particle size. Since the specific surface area of coal particles with a large average particle size is smaller than that of coal particles with a smaller average particle size, more surface area is infiltrated for a given fraction of the mass to be impregnated than with a fraction with a larger average particle size. This has the advantage that, for example, reactions with hot CO2-containing gas that occur on the surface of the coal particles are more affected by impregnation because more surface is impregnating.

If the fraction of coal particles from which the compacts are to be made has a negative effect on cold hardness or hot hardness compared to compacts produced without this fraction, it is preferable to impregnate this fraction. In this way, it is possible to reduce its negative impact on the properties of pressed products.

After the step of impregnating a partial amount of coal particles according to the invention has been performed, the impregnated partial amount of coal particles is combined with non-impregnated coal particles, and the combined coal particles are then processed into pressed products.

Combining the impregnated partial amount of coal particles with non-impregnated coal particles can be carried out at the stage of combining, in which only combining and, if necessary, mixing is carried out. In this case, further stages are carried out for the production of pressed products, namely, mixing of the binder system containing water with the product of association. Combining the impregnated partial amount of coal particles with non-impregnated coal particles can also be carried out during mixing with a binder system containing water.

The substance with which the impregnation is carried out is preferably used as a liquid or with the help of a liquid for impregnation. For example, substances that are liquid at the temperature that occurs during the impregnation stage are characterized as liquid. Impregnation with a liquid is characterized, for example, by impregnation with substances that, although at the stage of impregnation, are not liquid themselves, but are emulsified or transformed into a suspension in a liquid.

Compared to the use of solid substances, due to this, penetration into the pores or clogging of the pore necks is improved or at all 60 only possible.

In order to ensure that the substance used in the impregnation stage remains liquid during the impregnation stage, the coal particles subject to impregnation are preferably heated to a temperature at which the substance is liquid.

According to the form of execution, the substance used to impregnate a partial amount of coal particles at the impregnation stage is water.

Then, at the stage of impregnation, water is absorbed into the pores, which, as a result, no longer show any desire to absorb the components of the water system of the binder, which are supplied to the coal particles after the stage of impregnation. As a result, the components that in the existing methods were absorbed into the pores and thus became unnecessary for the binding of pressed products, now contribute to the binding of pressed products.

By limiting the proportion of water-impregnated pressed products in the charge mix for the iron smelting process in combination with carbon carriers that have a lower moisture content than these pressed products, the use of water in the iron smelting process can be limited to an acceptable extent.

According to another embodiment, the substance with which a partial amount of coal particles is permeated at the impregnation stage is a water-insoluble and water-repellent (hydrophobic) substance.

If the pores at the stage of impregnation are filled with such a substance, and at the same time the walls of the pores are covered with such substances, then this reduces the tendency of the pores to absorb the components of the water system of the binder. If the exit points of the pores are closed from such substances on the surface of the coal particles, then no components of the aqueous binder system can penetrate the pores.

As a result, the components, which until now were absorbed into the pores and thereby became unnecessary for the binding of pressed products, contribute to the binding of pressed products.

The water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substance preferably belongs to the group consisting of wax, organic products of coke production or refining products, as well as plastics or plastics production waste. Waste oil can also be used. Bitumen can also be used. These substances are usually available in large quantities and do not require high costs.

At the same time, the impregnation stage is preferably carried out at a temperature at which the water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substance is liquid, in particular, viscous. Liquids with a viscosity of at least 1 Pa:ss and a maximum of 100 Pa:s, for example 10 Pa:s, are considered viscous in this sense. Under these conditions, the substance is distributed over the surface of the coal particles and penetrates into the exit points of the pores, but hardly into the pores. Due to this, the use of a water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substance at the impregnation stage is kept low. Preferably, the water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substance solidifies upon cooling at the exit points of the pores on the surface of the coal particles.

According to another embodiment, the substance with which a partial amount of coal particles is impregnated at the impregnation stage is an aqueous solution of a material or a mixture of materials. For example, this is molasses, which is an aqueous solution of carbohydrates and other natural substances. In principle, substances of any type can be used, which improve the hardness in the hot state and the hardness in the cold state of the pressed products, for example, starch or an alkaline solution of lignin from the spent lye of the pulp production process.

It is preferable to use solutions of materials or mixtures of substances, which with the help of heat treatment and/or chemical reaction are transformed into substances insoluble in water. This ensures that the effects caused by these materials or mixtures of materials are not reduced by dissolving them in water or in a binder system containing water and washing them out of the pores.

According to another embodiment, the substance with which a partial amount of coal particles is impregnated at the impregnation stage contains a suspension of solid colloids, and the substance has water-repellent properties. Examples of this are suspensions of colloidal talc, graphite or wax in water. If solid materials settle in the pores or in the necks of the pores, the penetration of binder systems containing water, due to the high surface tension of water-repellent solids, becomes difficult.

According to another embodiment, the substance with which a partial amount of coal particles is impregnated in the impregnation stage is an emulsion containing water on the one hand, and carbonaceous substances on the other hand, such as, for example, bitumen, crude tars obtained from coal, resin, wax, oil.

When such emulsions penetrate into the pores, carbon-containing substances are deposited in thin layers on the surface of the pores. During pyrolysis, carbon layers arise from these thin layers. They reduce the reactivity of pressed products in relation to hot COg2-containing gases in comparison with the form of execution, in which thin layers of matter do not settle in the pores. This effect also occurs when the substance with which a partial amount of coal particles is impregnated at the impregnation stage is not an emulsion, for example, when the substance is bitumen.

The occurrence of such an effect is that the carbon layers arising from the substances contain little or no substances that act catalytically in relation to the reaction with hot

CO2-containing gases. In contrast, coal particles or material to be processed into pressed products contain compounds that act catalytically, for example, iron or alkalis. Accordingly, the reactivity of a pressed product whose surface and pores are covered with a carbon layer obtained from substances is lower than the reactivity of a pressed product without such a carbon layer.

When using coal particles that require drying before processing into pressed products, for economic reasons it is preferable to perform drying not significantly below the moisture content of 5 wt. 96, i.e. up to a maximum moisture content of 4 wt. 95. Due to this, the occurrence of an additional volume of pores due to drying is limited, and accordingly, at the stage of impregnation, less substance is absorbed by the pores. Accordingly, less substance is consumed at the impregnation stage. In addition, less hardware and energy costs are required for drying.

The lower limit of the amount of the substance added at the impregnation stage and called the impregnation agent is 0.3 wt. 95, preferably 0.5 wt. 95, especially preferably 1 wt. 95, the upper limit is 5 wt. 95, preferably 4 wt. 95, especially preferably 2 wt. 95, in relation to the partial amount of material that is subject to impregnation and processed into pressed products, that is, to the partial amount of carbon particles. Additive more than 5 wt. 95 means of impregnation is economically impractical. When adding less than 0.3 wt. 95 impregnation agent, the impregnation itself becomes ineffective.

According to the form of execution of the corresponding invention of the method, the binder system contains molasses, as well as quicklime or calcium hydroxide. It can also consist of these components.

According to other embodiments, the binder system contains molasses in combination with strong inorganic acids, for example, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid,

With nitric acid.

According to the form of execution of the corresponding invention of the method, the binder system contains an emulsion of bitumen in water. It can also consist of such an emulsion.

According to other embodiments, the binder system contains waste products from cellulose production, starch, cellulose, beet pulp, paper pulp, wood pulp or also long-chain polyelectrolytes, such as, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose.

Since binder systems containing quicklime or calcium hydroxide have the disadvantage that quicklime and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)" increase the reactivity of pressed products in relation to hot COg-containing gases based on catalytic efficiency, forms without quicklime or calcium hydroxide have the advantage of producing pressed products with relatively low reactivity.

According to the form of execution of the corresponding invention of the method, also iron-containing or iron oxide-containing particles mixed with coal particles are processed into pressed products.

According to a special variant of the method according to the invention, pressed products are subjected to heat treatment after pressing. Heat treatment is carried out at a higher temperature than pressing. Heat treatment causes drying and/or strengthening of pressed products. Heat treatment can be carried out at temperatures mainly 225020 and -3502С, at which irreversible chemical processes can transform the components of the binder.

For example, water-soluble components of the binder can turn into water-insoluble compounds.

Compounds resulting from such transformations can contribute to the strength of pressed products.

In the case of a binder system containing molasses, there is, for example, the conversion of molasses by means of caramelization.

According to a special embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least a partial amount of coal particles that were subjected to the impregnation stage, after the impregnation stage before mixing with the binder system containing water, is subjected to heat treatment.

The heat treatment can be carried out by the fact that the impregnated partial amount is separately 60 subjected to heat treatment, and after heat treatment is combined with the non-impregnated coal particles, or the combination of the impregnated partial amount with the non-impregnated coal particles is carried out before the heat treatment of the coal particles.

Heat treatment causes drying. In the case when there are solutions or emulsions in the pores, heat treatment causes additional thickening of solutions, suspensions or emulsions and, accordingly, covering the walls of the pores with dissolved, suspended or emulsified components.

They can, in addition to the water system of the binder, which is then added, contribute to increasing the strength in the hot state and the strength in the cold state.

In addition, heat treatment can cause the transformation of the coating of the pore walls, which initially occurs as a result of heat treatment, into water-insoluble compounds or into compounds that reduce the reactivity of coal particles in relation to hot COg-containing gases. The maximum heat treatment temperature is limited by the pyrolysis of coal particles and is 35090. The lower limit for the temperature during this heat treatment is 15096.

If the same water-containing emulsion is used for impregnation as used as the water-containing binder system, the amount added at the impregnation stage is less than the amount of water-containing binder system added during subsequent mixing.

For example, when using a bitumen emulsion in water at the impregnation stage and as a binder system, 2-3 wt.95 is added at the impregnation stage, while 7-10 wt. is added later as a binder system. 95.

The same is true when the same aqueous solution of a substance or mixture of substances is used for impregnation as used as a binder system containing water.

For example, when using molasses at the impregnation stage and as a binder system at the impregnation stage, an additive of 3-5 wt. 95, while as a binder system, 6-8 wt. is added later. 95. At the same time, the limits of the indicated ranges are also included. In these cases, heat treatment is necessary after the addition at the impregnation stage to remove the water as a carrier liquid to such an extent that the emulsified substances or dissolved materials settle in the pores or at the necks of the pores. Thus, a coating is applied to the pores, or the necks of the pores are blocked. In general, for the production of pressed products, a smaller amount of binder system containing water is required than for production without an impregnation stage.

After mixing with the water-containing binder system, processing of the pressed products can be carried out by known methods, for example, as described in MO 02/50219A1 or in AT 005765 01, or by any method suitable for processing coal particles with the system binder containing water.

Carried out according to the invention only after the stage of impregnation of a partial amount of coal particles with a water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substance, the addition of a water-containing binder system during the production of pressed products reduces the costs of implementing the method in relation to known methods, for example, as described in UMO 02/50219

A1. Preventing the absorption of water by coal during the production of pressed products with binder systems containing water reduces, on the one hand, the specific use of coal in iron smelting methods in which pressed products or coke obtained from them are used, since there is less water from the system binder is contained in the pressed product, and accordingly less energy should be used for its evaporation. On the other hand, the need for further drying of pressed products, which occurs in known methods of manufacturing pressed products based on the absorption of water from the binder system, with the application of the corresponding invention, the method is eliminated, or drying costs are reduced, which results in energy savings. Since, accordingly, it is possible to abandon the creation or operation of devices for further drying, or the size of these devices and the costs of their operation can be reduced, this is equivalent to reducing operating costs, as well as capital investment costs.

As an additional predominant effect of the impregnation stage, depending on the type of substance used for impregnation, a reduction in the reactivity of COg of semi-coke, which occurs after pyrolysis of pressed products in a melting gasifier, or coke obtained from pressed products, can take place. A lower reactivity of CO is desirable during the operation of the melting gasifier, so that the semi-coke in the stationary layer of the melting gasifier or the coke in the stationary layer of the blast furnace from being loaded onto the surface of the layer until reaching the immediate gasification zone in the area of the oxygen nozzles or lances remain stable and thereby contribute to the permeability of the stationary layer relative to gas permeability and drainage of molten liquid phases. Reducing the reactivity of CO" of semi-coke or coke is achieved by the fact that the inner surface of the pores of the coal particles in the pressed product obtained from the impregnated partial amount of coal particles due to impregnation can no longer be covered with a binder containing substances that promote reactivity. Example,

the binding molasses component contains alkalis as substances that promote reactivity. If by means of impregnation, for example, with substances containing bitumen or wax, it is impossible that the molasses will cover the inner surface of the pores, the reactivity of CO" in relation to semi-coke or coke obtained by the method without the impregnation stage is reduced.

A smaller portion of the fine-grained coke in the SOKEKH F or RIMEK E method of iron smelting in the stationary bed of the smelter gasifier is often added to the coke charge to improve the permeability of the stationary bed. When using pressed products made according to the method according to the invention, or from such produced coke, the reduction of the strength of semi-coke or coke particles with the help of hot CO" is slowed down and, thus, the destruction of the particles is counteracted. In the case of pressed products manufactured according to the invention, improved thermomechanical stability of semi-coke is also realized in relation to pressed products manufactured in a conventional way. Thermomechanical stability refers to the aspect of hot hardness, which refers to the hardness of semi-coke or coke particles remaining in the high-temperature zone after pyrolysis of pressed products. Thermomechanical stability refers to a test method in which pressed products are subjected to a thermal shock procedure, and the resulting semi-coke is subjected to a drum test. The improved thermomechanical stability is ensured by the fact that the proportion of coarse grains of the semi-coke tested in the drum due to the corresponding impregnation invention increases in comparison with products pressed by the usual method.

With the help of a stationary layer compacted with semi-coke obtained by pyrolysis of pressed products manufactured according to the invention, the possibility of significantly better gas permeability and a better drainage regime of the stationary layer than according to the state of the art is provided. Therefore, improving the reactivity properties of semi-coke provides the possibility of reducing or even eliminating the addition of coke to the coke charge according to the SOKEKH F or RIMEKH F methods.

In the field of coking technology, it is known that by increasing the density of the coke charge, the quality of the coke obtained from it improves. The use of a number of coke fillings

It is only possible to obtain blast furnace coke from the charge by compacting the coke charge. Therefore, together with coking plants with tamping of loaded coal, variants of methods for coking in the filling mode have been developed, which involve briquetting or partial briquetting of the coke charge. However, from a modern point of view briquetting with a bituminous binder, for economic reasons, hot briquetting or briquetting with a coal tar-based binder, for health reasons, and briquetting with molasses or comparable binders, with- for introducing unwanted materials into the coke, are problematic.

According to the invention, the method of manufacturing pressed products provides the possibility that even in the production of coke with the use of pressed products of filling materials, the use of a binder is reduced or the harmful effects of the binder components, which contribute to the reactivity, are limited.

Pressed products can be briquettes or pits from briquetting.

Pressed products contain up to 97 wt. 95 coal particles and up to 15 wt. 95 components of the binder system, as well as, in relation to the mass of material of coal particles processed into pressed products, water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substances or solid substances with water-repellent properties in an amount whose lower limit is 0.5 wt. 95, preferably 1 wt. 95, and the upper limit of which is 5 wt. 95, mostly From mass. 95, especially preferably 2 wt. 9.

At the same time, 15 wt. 95 components of the binder system should be understood in such a way that water is not included as a component of the binder system - 15 wt. 95 refer, thus, to the non-aqueous components of the binder system.

According to the form of execution, the pressed product also contains particles containing iron or iron oxide. Such particles can, for example, come from dust or sludge that occurs during the smelting of iron or steel.

Description of execution forms

Table 1 shows the evaluation of experiments on the manufacture of pressed products with respect to the yield strength (CE) and the compressive point strength (POER) of the pressed products within the framework of the tests. At the same time, the pressed products were produced according to the corresponding method of the invention with impregnation of a partial amount of coal particles.

According to the state of the art, pressed products were produced in such a way that all coal particles were permeated with water - with the addition of wt. 95 water per minute.

Pressed products are briquettes.

Dropping strength of raw pressed products and finished pressed products made according to the invention, as well as raw pressed products and finished pressed products made according to the state of the art - with the same filling materials, using 12 95 by weight of molasses and the same as the rest conditions - have the same order of magnitude, both for raw pressed products and for pressed products dried in air or thermally dried.

As a binder system containing water, a system consisting of molasses and quicklime was used. Molasses itself had a water content of 20 95 by mass. The following commercially available molasses was used in the binder system: molasses from sugar cane of the company

TagedIuie with a total sugar content of 5195. As quicklime in the binder system, quicklime of the type of white ground lime of the firm UmaiIpava Kaik was used.

For impregnation, bitumen was used as an impregnating agent. How bitumen was used

Mehrpake 55 of the company Zpei!.

Mixing of the impregnating substance in the form of bitumen was carried out in a mixer with plow blades of the Ibaide company, type EM1300O, the rest of the mixtures were prepared in a batch mixer of the KOVUM type, made by Egisp.

The Koerregtp mixer used for the kneading process consisted of a perpendicularly oriented cylindrical tank, through which a rotating shaft with mixing levers was passed through the center.

Production of raw pressed products was carried out with the help of a test roll press type 52/10 of the Koerregp company. The selected pillow-like form for raw pressed products had a nominal volume of 20 cm3. Pressed material was supplied using a gravity dispenser. At the same time, with the help of a test roll press, structures (knits) were made from a set of raw pressed products. In these bundles, raw pressed products are located both in the marginal region of the bundles and in the middle region of the bundles.

In order to obtain individual raw pressed products or individual pressed products for the determination of yield strength and point compression strength, the bundles were broken along the separation seams between individual raw pressed products. As a rule, the bundles were broken when they were removed from the test roll press into individual raw pressed products.

After the kneading process in the mixer, the plasticized mixtures as pressed material were pressed in a test roll press to obtain raw pressed products.

The resulting raw pressed products are still soft - which in professional jargon is indicated by the concept of "dgap" ("green", "unripe") - and undergo hardening to obtain a finished pressed product. This hardening can be carried out, for example, at least partially, by storage in air and heat treatment.

After pressing, individual raw pressed products are directly, i.e. in fresh form, examined for tensile strength (ZE) and strength at point compression (ROB).

The results of these studies are shown in the "immediate" columns for 5E and ROK. Measurements of tensile strength and compressive strength were repeated after 1 hour of curing in air and after 24 hours of curing in air, respectively. The results of these studies are shown in the "1 hour" columns. and "24 hours".

During the drop test (based on AZTM 0440) to determine the drop strength, a sample weighing 2 kg of raw pressed products or hardened by air drying or thermal drying of pressed products was dropped many times through a downpipe from a height of 5 m into a receiving tank, the bottom of which is made in the form of a massive steel plate. The downpipe has a diameter of 200 mm, and the collection tank has a diameter of 260 mm.

The thickness of the steel plate is 12 mm. Evaluation of the drop test was carried out using a sieve analysis (granularity analysis) after the second and fourth drops. Numerical values for strength at reset 5E in table 1 indicate the fate of the granulometric fraction »20 mm after four resets.

To determine the point compression strength, a type 469 testing device of the EKISNZEM firm was used. In this method of testing, individual raw pressed products or hardened by air drying or heat drying pressed products were clamped between two pads, of which the lower one is connected to the force sensor, and the upper one is continuously fed by means of a spindle transmission mechanism 60 for the application of a gradual pulsating pressure load. The lower pad is formed by a round plate with a diameter of 80 mm, and the upper one by a horizontal bar metal with a diameter of 10 mm. The feed speed for the upper cover is 8 mm/min. The point compression strength of ROE is recorded as the maximum load perception of the raw or hardened pressed product before breaking - the entries in Table 1 indicate the average point compression strength at breaking due to point compression loading in Newtons. Six raw pressed products or pressed products from the middle region and six raw pressed products or pressed products from the edge region of the ties obtained in a test roll press were studied, respectively. Average values were calculated from the data obtained during these studies, and the minimum and maximum values, respectively, were not taken into account. Average values are given in Table 1.

Table 1

In experiment 1, according to the state of the art, a mixture of 70 wt. 95 Ep5pat coal with an average particle size of 450, which is equal to 0.95 mm together with 30 wt. o ViasKku/aieg-coal with an average particle size of a50 equal to 0.8-1.0 mm, as coal particles of the material processed into pressed products.

ViasKulaie!-coal is supplied by the VNR VSHyop company from Otseipziap, Australia. Ep5pat coal is supplied by the company Ep5pat Kezoigse5 from Oceapwsiapa, Australia. This material, which is processed into pressed products, was processed, as shown below in Fig. 1 for coal 1, into pressed products. The binder system containing molasses in water was used in the amount of 12 wt. 95 in relation to the mass of material processed into pressed products.

The molasses used contained a portion of water equal to 20 wt. 95. The binder system containing water contained, together with molasses, quicklime in the amount of 2.5 wt. 96 in relation to the mass of material processed into pressed products. The point compressive strength and the tensile strength at different times are shown in Table 1 in the first column of data.

In experiment 2, according to the method according to the invention, the same material that was processed into pressed products was used. Generally used

Epezpat coal was permeated with bitumen. The special bitumen of the company A was used as bitumen

From Zpei with a softening point of 852. The amount of bitumen used was 2.1 wt. 95 in relation to the mass of the material processed into pressed products, or From mass. 95 in relation to Ep5zpat-coal that seeps. The coal temperature was 1089C before bitumen was added. After impregnation, impregnated Ep5pat coal was combined with

ViasKkmlageg-coal. Their combination was followed by processing similar to experiment 1, but the binder system containing molasses in water was used in the amount of 8 wt. 96 in relation to the mass of material processed into pressed products. The molasses used itself contained a water content of 20 wt. 95. The binder system containing water contained, along with molasses, quicklime in the amount of 2 wt. 95 in relation to the mass of material processed into pressed products. After the quicklime was added, another 295% of water was mixed in with respect to the weight of the material being processed into pressed products to provide the quicklime with the moisture required for its reaction.

It can be seen that pressed products manufactured according to the method according to the invention have a higher point pressure strength compared to the state of the art, while their yield strength is comparable to the yield strength of pressed products made according to the state of the art.

A fraction of the coal particles to be impregnated may also be subjected to two or more impregnation stages.

Brief description of the drawings

Next, the method according to the invention is described with the help of block diagrams presented in Fig. 1-3.

Fig. 1 shows a conventional method of manufacturing pressed products without an impregnation stage.

Fig. 2 shows a method according to the invention for manufacturing pressed products with an impregnation stage, and two types of coal are used.

Fig. 3 shows a method according to the invention for manufacturing pressed products with an impregnation stage, and only one type of coal is used.

According to Fig. 1, coal 1 to be processed into pressed products, in this case briquettes, is subjected to drying 2 and then with the help of crushing 3 it is brought to the desired granulometric composition. Then, a system of binder 4 containing water, in this case molasses, is added to the resulting coal particles, if necessary with the addition of hard, fine-grained components of the binder, such as calcium hydroxide or quicklime, by means of mixing 5, and mixing 5 can be performed in one stage or in several stages. The resulting mixture is subjected to kneading (plasticization) 6 and pressing 7. The product 9 obtained after hardening (hardening) 8 is a briquette.

According to the invention, the method shown in Fig. 2 differs from the method shown in Fig. 1 in that the partial amount A of coal particles 12, which is used for the production of pressed products, is subjected to the stage of impregnation 10, during which they are impregnated with a substance 11, a means of impregnation.

After this impregnation stage 10, the mixing stage 5 is carried out with the binder system 4, which contains water, and with a partial amount B of coal particles 13, which is used for the manufacture of pressed products, as well as further processing of the resulting mixture in accordance with Fig.1.

The coal particles used for the production of pressed products consist, thus, of a partial amount of A 12 and a partial amount of B 13. A partial amount of A 12 and a partial amount of B 13 refer to different types of coal.

In contrast to Fig. 2, partial amounts of A 12 and B 13 coal particles used for the production of pressed products, according to Fig. 3, belong to the same type of coal.

Coal 1 to be processed is subjected to drying 2 and then with the help of crushing C is brought to the desired granulometric composition. The coal particles obtained in this case are subjected to sieving 14. The coarse-grained fraction obtained in this case as a partial amount

And the coal particles 12, which serve for the production of pressed products, are subjected to the stage of impregnation 10, at which they are impregnated with a substance 11, which serves as a means of impregnation.

After this stage of impregnation 10, mixing 5 with a system of binder 4, containing water, and with a partial amount B of coal particles 13, which serve for the manufacture of pressed products, as well as further processing of the resulting mixture according to Fig.1. The partial amount B of coal particles 13 used for the production of pressed products is the fine-grained fraction obtained during sieving 14.

After the impregnation stage 10, heat treatment 12 can be performed before mixing with the binder system 4 containing water.

In general, in the manufacture of pressed products according to the proposed invention, the addition of a water-containing binder molasses/quicklime system to the material to be processed into pressed products is carried out in such a way that the molasses and quicklime are added simultaneously, or in such a way that that quicklime and molasses are added one after the other.

At the same time, when using a bitumen impregnation agent, it is preferable that a partial amount of molasses, intended for the production of pressed products, is first added, then mixing is carried out, and then quicklime is added. After the resulting mixture was at rest, the remaining amount of molasses, intended for the production of pressed products, is added. The mentioned partial amount and the remaining amount give the amount of molasses provided for the production of pressed products. The advantage of this method of action is that it eliminates or reduces the mixing of slaked lime into a soft impregnation agent when mixing the material processed into pressed products with a binder system containing water.

Due to the addition of molasses, which itself contains water, before the addition of quicklime, quicklime can also use moisture from molasses for its reaction.

You can add up to half, preferably up to one third of molasses before adding quicklime.

List of reference items 1 Coal 2 Drying

C Crushing 4 Binder system containing water 5 Mixing 6 Kneading 7 Pressing 8 Curing 9 Product 10 Impregnation stage 60 11 Substance (impregnating agent)

12 Partial quantity A of coal particles for the manufacture of pressed products 13 Partial quantity B of coal particles for the manufacture of pressed products 14 Sifting

List of reference materials

Patent literature:

MO 02/50219 JSC

MO 9901583 A

JSC 005765 01

Claims (14)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of manufacturing pressed products containing coal particles, according to which coal particles are mixed with a binder system containing water, and the resulting mixture is processed by pressing to obtain pressed products, which differs in that before mixing with the binder system "water-containing slurry, a fraction of coal particles are subjected to the impregnation stage, in which the particles are impregnated with a leaching substance, while the leaching substance is used in the form of a liquid or with the help of a liquid, in addition, the leaching liquid belongs to the group containing - insoluble in water and/or a water-repellent substance, - an aqueous suspension of colloids of solid material, and the solid material has water-repellent properties, while the lower limit of the amount of impregnating substance added at the impregnation stage is 0.3 wt. 965 relative to the weight of the coal particles of the material to be processed into pressed products. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the impregnation stage includes application of the impregnating substance to the coal particles with vapor, irrigating the coal particles with the impregnating substance, mixing the impregnating substance in the mobile filling of coal particles, or mixing the impregnating substance into the vortex layer of the coal particles. 3. The method according to any of claims 1-2, which is characterized by the fact that the impregnating substance with which the coal particles are impregnated at the impregnation stage is an emulsion containing, on the one hand, water, and, on the other hand, carbonaceous substances . 4. The method according to any of the previous points, which differs in that the upper limit of the amount of substance added at the impregnation stage is 5 wt. 95, preferably 4 wt. 95, especially preferably 2 wt. 95, relative to the mass of coal particles of the material to be processed into pressed products. 5. The method according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that the binder system contains molasses, as well as quicklime or calcium hydroxide. 6. The method according to any of the previous items, which is characterized by the fact that the binder system contains a bitumen emulsion in water. 7. The method according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that also iron-containing or iron oxide-containing particles mixed with coal particles are processed into pressed products. 8. The method according to any of the previous items, which differs in that the pressed products are subjected to heat treatment after pressing. 9. The method according to any of the preceding points, which is characterized by the fact that at least a partial amount of coal particles subjected to the impregnation stage, after the impregnation stage before mixing with the binder system containing water, is subjected to heat treatment. 10. Pressed product containing up to 97 wt. 95 coal particles and up to 15 wt. 95 components of the binder system, which is characterized by the fact that, relative to the mass of the coal particle material to be processed into pressed products, it contains water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substances or solid substances with water-repellent properties in an amount, the lower limit of which is 0.3 wt. 9o, and the upper limit is 5 wt. 95. 11. Pressed product according to claim 10, which differs in that the lower limit of the above substances is 0.5 wt. 956, mostly 1 wt. 95, and the upper limit is With mass. 95, preferably 2 wt. 95. 12. Pressed product according to claim 11, which is characterized by the fact that the water-insoluble and/or water-repellent substance belongs to the group of substances consisting of wax, organic products of coke production or refining, as well as plastics or wastes from the production of plastics and used oil. 13. Pressed product according to claim 10 or 12, which is characterized in that the pressed product also contains particles containing iron or iron oxide. 14. Application of pressed products according to any of claims 10-13 in the process of iron smelting with a stationary layer as carbon carriers or in the process of manufacturing carbon carriers for the process of iron smelting in a stationary layer. I'm sleepy! her Bern ii. х "Ek y skzhnhu sim tkhknya ryh Z nah shi Kn "Fi ee Phosii Ki i - re y ! EV Pi V i a shishshe I ! dhekkyuvhyuehu ro zhhke réj mmchnn dhkchuykkkknkya And I. she shk pln -ya N TK she penavnnenn shi her I V she Ne