TWM606270U - 穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池 - Google Patents

穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池 Download PDF

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TWM606270U
TWM606270U TW109213266U TW109213266U TWM606270U TW M606270 U TWM606270 U TW M606270U TW 109213266 U TW109213266 U TW 109213266U TW 109213266 U TW109213266 U TW 109213266U TW M606270 U TWM606270 U TW M606270U
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黃志仁
宋人豪
薛安智
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聯合再生能源股份有限公司
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Abstract

一種穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,包含半導體基板、射極薄膜層、抗反射層、第一電極、穿隧氧化層、半導體薄膜層及第二電極。半導體基板為第一型摻雜半導體,其第一表面包含鋸齒狀結構。射極薄膜層為第二型摻雜半導體薄膜,位於第一表面上。抗反射層具有第一開口。部分的第一電極位於第一開口中與射極薄膜層電連接。穿隧氧化層位於第二表面,其具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,且其五點量測的厚度差異小於4%,係以原子層沉積製程所製作。半導體薄膜層為第一型摻雜半導體,位於穿隧氧化層上。第二電極與半導體薄膜層電連接。

Description

穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池
本創作係關於一種太陽能領域,特別是一種穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸(Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact,TOPCon)太陽能電池。
隨著綠能產業的發展,太陽能電池的轉換效率已有效地提升,其中穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池與異質結(Heterojunction Technology,HJT)太陽能電池,是被認為具有主流潛力、高轉換效率的太陽能電池型態。
穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其特點在於極薄的穿隧氧化層。現有的問題在於,無法穩定地控制穿隧氧化層的厚度,均勻度的差異,也就是一般以點量測的厚度差異可能高達15%。另外,製作的良率仍不高。
在此,提供一種穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池。穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池包含半導體基板、射極薄膜層、抗反射層、第一電極、穿隧氧化層、半導體薄膜層、以及第二電極。
半導體基板為第一型摻雜半導體,包含第一表面及第二表面,第一表面包含鋸齒狀結構,第二表面位於第一表面的相對面。射極薄膜層為第二型摻雜半導體薄膜,位於第一表面上,厚度範圍是50至80nm。抗反射層位於射極薄膜層上,厚度範圍是5至40nm,且開設有貫穿抗反射層第一開口。部分的第一電極位於第一開口中,與射極薄膜層電連接。穿隧氧化層位於第二表面,其具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,且其上五點量測的厚度差異小於4%,穿隧氧化層係以原子層沉積製程(atomic layer deposition,ALD)所製作。半導體薄膜層為第一型摻雜半導體,位於穿隧氧化層上,厚度範圍是100至150nm。第二電極位於半導體薄膜層上,與半導體薄膜層電連接。
在一些實施例中,穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池更包含第一保護層。第一保護層位於抗反射層上,並具有貫通孔。貫通孔及第一開口連通,部分的第一電極位於第一開口及貫通孔中,與射極薄膜層電連接。
更詳細地,在一些實施例中,穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池更包含第二保護層,第二保護層位於半導體薄膜層上,且開設有貫穿第二保護層的第二開口,部份的第二電極位於第二開口中,與半導體薄膜層接觸。
更詳細地,在一些實施例中,在射極薄膜層與第一表面之間還包含第二穿隧氧化層,其具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,且其上五點量測的厚度差異小於4%,第二穿隧氧化層係以原子層沉積製程所製作。
更詳細地,在一些實施例中,在射極薄膜層與抗反射層之間,更包含透明導電層,透明導電層的厚度範圍是40至80nm。
更詳細地,在一些實施例中,第一電極於第一開口中,與透明導電層接觸。
更詳細地,在一些實施例中,半導體薄膜層上更包含第二透明導電層,第二透明導電層的厚度範圍是50至80nm,第二電極與第二透明導電層接觸。
在一些實施例中,半導體基板的厚度是90至160um。
在一些實施例中,第一型摻雜半導體是N型摻雜半導體、第二型摻雜半導體是P型摻雜半導體。
在另一些實施例中,第一型摻雜半導體是P型摻雜半導體、第二型摻雜半導體是N型摻雜半導體。
綜上所述,透過原子層沉積製程製作穿隧氧化層,能有效控制具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,換言之,小於兩個原子的高度差異,使其均勻度大幅提升,能提升開路電壓的穩定性及穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池的轉換效率,更能有效地提升製程良率達到95%以上。
應當理解的是,元件被稱為「連接」或「設置」於另一元件時,可以表示元件是直接位於另一元件上,或者也可以存在中間元件,透過中間元件連接元件與另一元件。相反地,當元件被稱為「直接在另一元件上」或「直接連接到另一元件」時,可以理解的是,此時明確定義了不存在中間元件。
另外,術語「第一」、「第二」、「第三」這些術語僅用於將一個元件、部件、區域、或部分與另一個元件、部件、區域、層或部分區分開,而非表示其必然的先後順序。此外,諸如「下」和「上」的相對術語可在本文中用於描述一個元件與另一元件的關係,應當理解,相對術語旨在包括除了圖中所示的方位之外的裝置的不同方位。例如,如果一個附圖中的裝置翻轉,則被描述為在其他元件的「下」側的元件將被定向在其他元件的「上」 側。此僅表示相對的方位關係,而非絕對的方位關係。
圖1係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第一實施例的剖面示意圖。如圖1所示,穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池1包含半導體基板10、射極薄膜層15、抗反射層20、第一電極25、穿隧氧化層30、半導體薄膜層35、以及第二電極40。
半導體基板10為第一型摻雜半導體,例如,N型矽基板,或是P型矽基板。半導體基板10包含第一表面11及第二表面13,第一表面11包含鋸齒狀結構111,第二表面13位於第一表面11的相對面。鋸齒狀結構111有助於光子進入射極薄膜層15的機率,而增加了光電轉換的效率。在一些實施例中,半導體基板10的厚度是90至160um,較佳為110至150um。
射極薄膜層15為第二型摻雜半導體薄膜,一般而言,與半導體基板10都是矽,可以採用多晶矽。在此,第二型摻雜是相對於第一型摻雜。換言之,第一型摻雜為N型時、第二型摻雜為P型,而第一型摻雜為P型時、第二型摻雜為N型。射極薄膜層15位於第一表面11上,隨著鋸齒狀結構111起伏,且射極薄膜層15的厚度範圍是50至80nm,較佳為60至75nm。
抗反射層20位於射極薄膜層15上,厚度範圍是5至40nm,較佳為10至30nm,且開設有貫穿抗反射層20第一開口21。抗反射層20通常是氧化鋁薄膜,除了抗反射的功效外,也具有鈍化的效果。部分的第一電極25位於第一開口21中,與射極薄膜層15電連接。在此實施例中,第一電極25是以銀漿製成,其填滿第一開口21,直接與射極薄膜層15接觸,部分的第一電極25突出於滿第一開口21外,形成接觸墊(contact finger)的形式。
穿隧氧化層30位於第二表面13,通常為氧化矽(SiO x),其具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,較佳為1.5nnm。換言之,厚度範圍差異小於兩個原子的高度。且其上得均勻性,也就是五點量測的厚度差異小於4%。穿隧氧化層30係以原子層沉積製程(atomic layer deposition,ALD)所製作。半導體薄膜層35,一般而言,與半導體基板10都是矽,可以採用多晶矽。半導體薄膜層35為第一型摻雜半導體,位於穿隧氧化層30上,厚度範圍是100至150nm。第二電極40位於半導體薄膜層35上,與半導體薄膜層35電連接。在此實施例中,第二電極40亦是以銀漿製成,與半導體薄膜層35接觸。
再次參照圖1,在一些實施例中,穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池1更包含第一保護層50。第一保護層50位於抗反射層20上,具有貫通孔51,貫通孔51及第一開口21連通,部分的第一電極25位於第一開口21及貫通孔51中,與射極薄膜層15接觸而電連接。另外,在一些實施例中,穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池1更包含第二保護層55,第二保護層55位於半導體薄膜層35上,且開設有貫穿第二保護層55的第二開口57,部份的第二電極40位於第二開口57中,與半導體薄膜層35接觸而電連接。在此,第一保護層50與第二保護層55可以為氮化矽(SiN x),除提供保護外,也增強了抗反射的效果。第一保護層50的厚度範圍為20至80nm,較佳為30至70nm,第二保護層55的厚度範圍為40-100nm,較佳為50至90nm。
圖2係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第二實施例的剖面示意圖。如圖2所示,同時參照圖1,第二實施例進一步在射極薄膜層15與第一表面11之間還包含第二穿隧氧化層33,第二穿隧氧化層33也隨著鋸齒狀結構111起伏。第二穿隧氧化層33具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,較佳為1.5nm,且其上五點量測的厚度差異小於4%。第二穿隧氧化層33係以原子層沉積製程所製作。如此,第二實施例形成雙面具有穿隧氧化層(30、33)的結構。
圖3係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第三實施例的剖面示意圖。如圖3所示,同時參照圖2,在射極薄膜層15與抗反射層20之間,更包含透明導電層60,透明導電層60的厚度範圍是40至80nm,較佳為50至60nm。此時,第一電極25於第一開口21中,與透明導電層60接觸,不直接與射極薄膜層15接觸。透過透明導電層60,可以減少電子電洞對在射極薄膜層15中的自吸收現象。此外,透過透明導電層60,射極薄膜層15的厚度還可以製作的更薄,使射極薄膜層15的透光增加,以期進一步減少入射光被射極薄膜層15所吸收的程度。
圖4係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第四實施例的剖面示意圖。如圖4所示,同時參照圖3,半導體薄膜層35上更包含第二透明導電層65,第二透明導電層65的厚度範圍是40至80nm,較佳為50至60nm。第二電極40與第二透明導電層65接觸,而不直接與半導體薄膜層35接觸。以上僅為示例,而非用以限制,例如,穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池1也可以僅有半導體薄膜層35的第二透明導電層65。
綜上所述,根據本創作透過原子層沉積製程製作穿隧氧化層30,能有效控制具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,換言之,厚度差小於兩個原子的高度差異,使其均勻度大幅提升,能提升開路電壓的穩定性、穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池1的轉換效率,更能有效地提升製程良率達到95%以上。
透過上述之詳細說明,即可充分顯示本創作之目的及功效上均具有實施之進步性,極具產業之利用性價值,完全符合專利要件,爰依法提出申請。唯以上所述僅為本創作之較佳實施例而已,當不能用以限定本創作所實施之範圍。即凡依本創作專利範圍所作之均等變化與修飾,皆應屬於本創作專利涵蓋之範圍內,謹請 貴審查委員明鑑,並祈惠准,是所至禱。
1:穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池 10:半導體基板 11:第一表面 111:鋸齒狀結構 13:第二表面 15:射極薄膜層 20:抗反射層 21:第一開口 25:第一電極 30:穿隧氧化層 33:第二穿隧氧化層 35:半導體薄膜層 40:第二電極 50:第一保護層 51:貫通孔 55:第二保護層 57:第二開口 60:透明導電層 65:第二透明導電層
圖1係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第一實施例的剖面示意圖。 圖2係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第二實施例的剖面示意圖。 圖3係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第三實施例的剖面示意圖。 圖4係穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池第四實施例的剖面示意圖。
1:穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池
10:半導體基板
11:第一表面
111:鋸齒狀結構
13:第二表面
15:射極薄膜層
20:抗反射層
21:第一開口
25:第一電極
30:穿隧氧化層
35:半導體薄膜層
40:第二電極
50:第一保護層
51:貫通孔
55:第二保護層
57:第二開口

Claims (10)

  1. 一種穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,包含: 一半導體基板,為一第一型摻雜半導體,包含一第一表面及一第二表面,該第一表面包含一鋸齒狀結構,該第二表面位於該第一表面的相對面; 一射極薄膜層,為一第二型摻雜半導體薄膜,位於該第一表面上,厚度範圍是50至80nm; 一抗反射層,位於該射極薄膜層上,厚度範圍是5至40nm,且開設有貫穿該抗反射層的一第一開口; 一第一電極,部分的該第一電極位於該第一開口中,與該射極薄膜層電連接; 一穿隧氧化層,位於該第二表面,其具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,且其上五點量測的厚度差異小於4%,該穿隧氧化層係以原子層沉積製程所製作; 一半導體薄膜層,為該第一型摻雜半導體,位於該穿隧氧化層上,厚度範圍是100至150nm;以及 一第二電極,位於該半導體薄膜層上,與該半導體薄膜層電連接。
  2. 如請求項1所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,更包含一第一保護層,該第一保護層位於該抗反射層上,具有一貫通孔,該貫通孔及該第一開口連通,部分的該第一電極位於該第一開口及該貫通孔中,與該射極薄膜層電連接。
  3. 如請求項2所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,更包含一第二保護層,該第二保護層位於該半導體薄膜層上,且開設有貫穿該第二保護層的一第二開口,部份的該第二電極位於該第二開口中,與該半導體薄膜層電連接。
  4. 如請求項2所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其中在該射極薄膜層與該第一表面之間,還包含一第二穿隧氧化層,其具有厚度為1.3至1.6nm,且其上五點量測的厚度差異小於4%,該第二穿隧氧化層係以原子層沉積製程所製作。
  5. 如請求項4所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其中在該射極薄膜層與該抗反射層之間,更包含一透明導電層,該透明導電層的厚度範圍是40至80nm。
  6. 如請求項5所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,該第一電極於該第一開口中,與該透明導電層接觸。
  7. 如請求項5所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其中該半導體薄膜層上,更包含一第二透明導電層,該第二透明導電層的厚度範圍是40至80nm,該第二電極與該第二透明導電層接觸。
  8. 如請求項1所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其中該半導體基板的厚度是90至160um。
  9. 如請求項1所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其中該第一型摻雜半導體是N型摻雜半導體,該第二型摻雜半導體是P型摻雜半導體。
  10. 如請求項1所述之穿隧氧化層鈍化接觸太陽能電池,其中該第一型摻雜半導體是P型摻雜半導體,該第二型摻雜半導體是N型摻雜半導體。
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WO2022183603A1 (zh) * 2021-03-05 2022-09-09 正泰新能科技有限公司 一种具有双面铝浆电极的N型Topcon电池及其制备方法

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