TWM587888U - Insect prevention net and net house using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

This creation is about an insect-proof net, including: a plurality of metal horizontal lines arranged at a first interval, and a plurality of metal vertical lines arranged at a second interval; the plurality of horizontal lines and the plurality of vertical lines The lines are staggered to form a mesh, and the size of the mesh is smaller than the body width of the insect to be blocked. The size of the mesh can be configured such that when blowing the insect net at a wind speed of 1.5 m / s, the wind speed penetrating the insect net is greater than 0.6 m / s.
This creation also relates to an agricultural net room composed of the aforementioned insect-proof nets, which is formed by a plurality of frames each in an appropriate shape and connected to each other by edges to form a structure sufficient to surround the crops; each frame is stretched Set up an insect net as described above.

Description

Insect-proof nets and net rooms using the nets

This creation is about an insect-proof net, which is mainly formed by a plurality of horizontal and vertical lines made of metal spaced apart from each other and staggered; this creation is especially about the size of the mesh is smaller than the width of the body of the insect to be blocked and is good for ventilation Insect nets that do not excessively shade the sun. This creation is also about a net room composed of the aforementioned insect nets.

Cultivation and production of crops must properly utilize the local climate while solving the problem of pests and diseases, in order to maximize the harvest and obtain high-quality agricultural products. In order to reduce pests and diseases, it is often necessary to spray a large amount of pesticides during crop growth, but this causes food safety problems of pesticide residues. In recent years, many crops have been cultivated in net rooms. Physical barriers are used to prevent pests from entering the cultivation area. This method can reduce or even eliminate pesticides, and improve crop yield and quality while taking environmental protection into consideration. Claim.

Most of the conventional net rooms are constructed of nets made of plastic materials such as nylon. In particular, nylon meshes with a 32 mesh (1 inch x 1 inch area with 32 holes arranged) are the mainstream; if plastic nets If the wire diameter is too thick, the mesh size will be too small. Although it can effectively block pests, it will cause poor ventilation or insufficient sunlight. For the same 32 mesh plastic mesh or even more mesh, if you want to increase the mesh aperture, you must reduce the width (or diameter) of the network cable. For nylon mesh or other plastic mesh, it is true. It is difficult to manufacture, and the thin plastic network cable is deformed or even broken due to stress, which is not conducive to the life of the network. The disposal of waste plastic nets is also one of the factors causing environmental pollution.

Therefore, there is a need to develop better insect nets and techniques for making insect nets so that the openings of the nets of insect nets are small enough to block pests, but the line width or diameter of the nets can also be made small enough to maintain Good ventilation and required sunshine, durable and sufficient life.

This creation is mainly applied to insect nets and net rooms made of metal wire. It is more environmentally friendly than using traditional nylon or other plastic nets, because metal nets can be recycled and reused. Another advantage of this creation is that most of the metal mesh materials are non-toxic and highly ductile, especially stainless steel, which can pull out a very small diameter steel wire, which is helpful for the preparation of high-density but appropriate mesh sizes to achieve good insect resistance. Performance, ventilation, light transmission and other purposes.

This creation provides an insect-proof net, which includes: a plurality of horizontal lines and a plurality of vertical lines, all of which are made of metal; each horizontal line has a first width and is arranged at a first interval; each vertical line It has a second width and is arranged at a second interval; wherein the plurality of horizontal lines and the plurality of vertical lines are staggered to form a mesh, and the size of the mesh is smaller than the body width of the insect to be blocked.

The insect-proof net made of the metal wire provided by this creation can use the metal's unique good ductility and tensile strength to make an insect-proof net with a small mesh size and good ventilation of the entire net. The size of the mesh can be structured so that when the insect net is blown at a wind speed of 1.5 m / s, the wind speed penetrating the insect net is greater than 0.6 m / s, or even equal to or slightly greater than 0.8 m / s.

The insect-proof net provided in this creation can be made to have an aperture side length of about 0.28 to 0.36mm according to the size of the pest body to be blocked.

The width of the vertical and horizontal lines of the insect-proof net provided in this creation may be equal; or, the cross-section of each of the vertical lines and each of the horizontal lines is approximately circular, and the diameter of each line is less than or equal to 0.1 mm, and can even be made It is less than or equal to 0.08 mm, for example: 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.08 mm, etc.

Each of the vertical and horizontal lines of the insect-proof net provided by this creation is made of stainless steel with high tensile strength and good ductility. For example, JIS standard SUS316L stainless steel can be used. Each of the vertical and horizontal lines can be staggered. Weaving, welding or welding to form a mesh.

This creation also provides an agricultural net room made of the aforementioned insect net to achieve the purposes of insect prevention, ventilation, and proper sunlight. The agricultural net room of this creation contains a plurality of frames, and each frame is provided with an insect-proof net made of metal wires as described above. Each frame can be made into the same or different shape to facilitate the formation of the required The shape of the net room; the edges of each frame are properly connected in various feasible ways such as pivoting, welding, welding, tenon joining, and tight fitting to form a structure enough to surround the crops. The material of the frame can be selected from lighter aluminum metal or alloy, hollow pipe or bead.

The size of the meshes described in this creation (that is, the size of the openings of each mesh) is formed by subtracting the first width from the first interval and subtracting the second width from the second interval.

The method used in this creation to measure the wind speed through the net is: blow the net at a wind speed of 1.5m / s 1 cm in front of the net, and measure the distance of 5 cm through the net with an anemometer (TENMARS TM-402). Wind speed.

This work started with the prevention of tomato whitefly damage to tomato growth. The effect of 32 mesh nylon nets against silver leaf whitefly was not good enough. Silver leaf whitefly generally has a body length of 0.8 to 1.3 mm, and its body size may be slightly smaller or larger due to growth probability. It spreads yellow roll curl virus (TYLCV) to infect tomatoes, which severely benefits farming. This creation uses different wire diameter wires to make metal insect nets with different mesh specifications, and the nets form a net room. The metal meshes of different specifications are used to prevent the silver leaf whitefly and the growth of different types of tomatoes. For the control group. The test results indicate that the metal mesh has a mesh density of 80 mesh and a wire diameter of 5 wires (Note: 1 wire is about 0.01mm, 5 wires is about 0.05 ± 0.004 mm) can completely prevent the invasion of silver leaf whitefly, and the mesh density is 60 mesh. The metal mesh with a wire diameter of 8 wires (0.08 ± 0.004 mm) has a penetration rate of 15% against silver leaf whitefly, both of which are significantly better than the 56% insect-proof effect of a 32-mesh nylon mesh, and the actual mesh density is 60 At present, the data collection results of a metal mesh cover with a wire diameter of 8 wires (0.08 ± 0.004 mm) into a net room show that tomatoes have reduced TYLCV disease, and the tomatoes have good growth and yield, and do not need to spray pesticides throughout the cultivation period. Therefore, this creation also helps to improve food safety.

This creation is a metal insect-proof net and a net room made of this net. Illustrative specific examples are described below.

In this creation, metal wires are used to make insect-resistant nets. It is better to use non-toxic, ductile and highly tensile stainless steel metal wires as the material of the net. JIS specifications SUS316L stainless steel or other types of stainless steel can be selected. The extremely thin diameter wire makes it possible to make high-density but appropriate mesh sizes to achieve good insect resistance, ventilation, and light transmission.

An example of this creation is an insect-proof net 10, comprising: a plurality of metal transverse lines 11 each having a first width a and arranged at a first interval t1; and a plurality of metal longitudinal lines 12 each having A second width b is arranged at a second interval t2; wherein the plurality of transverse lines 11 and the plurality of longitudinal lines 12 are staggered to form a mesh. The mesh size (opening size) is formed by subtracting the first width from the first interval t1 and subtracting the second width from the second interval t2. In order to achieve the insect-proof effect, the size of the mesh should be made smaller than or approximately equal to the width of the body of the insect to be blocked, or the diagonal aperture of the mesh should be made slightly smaller than or approximately equal to the cross-section body of the insect to be blocked size. In this creation, the aperture side length of the better mesh is about 0.28 to 0.36 mm, which is suitable for blocking insects with a body width of about 0.28 mm or more.

Another example of the insect-proof net of this creation includes: a plurality of metal horizontal lines 11 each having a first width a and arranged at a first interval t1; and a plurality of metal vertical lines 12 each having A second width b is arranged at a second interval t2; wherein the plurality of transverse lines 11 and the plurality of longitudinal lines 12 are staggered to form a mesh. The size of the mesh is configured such that the aperture side length is less than or slightly equal to the body width of the insect to be blocked, and when the insect net is blown at a wind speed of 1.5 m / s, the wind speed penetrating the insect net is greater than 0.6 m. / s. To ensure the effect of both insect control and good ventilation.

The example of this creation illustrates that the first width a of the horizontal line 11 and the vertical line 12 of the insect control net may be equal to the second width b. Furthermore, the cross-sections of each of the longitudinal lines 11 and each of the transverse lines 12 may be substantially circular and have a wire diameter; that is, the metal wires constituting the insect-proof net are substantially the same, which can be drawn by a drawing process. And made; preferably the wire diameter is less than or equal to 0.1 mm, for example: the wire diameter is 0.08 mm or 0.05 mm.

After selecting the metal wire suitable for making the net and setting the insect-proof and ventilation specifications of the net, each of the longitudinal line 11 and the transverse line 12 can be interwoven with each other to form a net, or the transverse line 11 and the longitudinal direction can be used. The wires 12 are welded or welded one by one to form a net.

In addition to directly covering the small area of pressure-resistant crops, the insect-proof net of this creation can also be combined with the appropriate insect-proof net to form a net room as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The net room of an embodiment of this creation includes: a plurality of frames, which may be aluminum frames, or hollow metal or plastic pipes to reduce weight; each frame is provided with a defense as described above Insect net. The frame can also use beading, sandwiching the edge portion of the net between the upper and lower beading, and connecting the beading to form the frame, so that the net is placed in the frame. With proper structural design, the shapes of multiple frames can be completely the same or partially the same, and can be formed into a covering structure such as a house; in order to form this covering structure, the edges of each frame must be properly connected, such as Appropriate connections are made by various feasible methods such as pivoting, welding, welding, tenoning, and tight fitting, so as to form a structure sufficient to surround the crops on a certain area.

In order to develop the metal mesh of this creation, in order to obtain the characteristics of the metal mesh that have better insect resistance and increase crop yield than the conventional 32 mesh nylon mesh, it is carried out in a research and experimental manner. First, make a simple insect-proof net. As shown in the photo in Figure 6, it is assembled from three 500ml plastic cups and two cup lids. One side of the plastic cup (0.5x0.5cm) is used as the lower cup. Two A layer of net to be tested is fixed in the middle of a plastic cup lid. Cover the double-sided cup lid with the net to be tested in the middle, and then cover the upper lid with a 100-mesh nylon net at the bottom to allow the air in the cup to circulate. Finally, put a black plastic cup on the outside of the lower cup to create a dark situation, and place the insects. Into the lower cup. Because the insects have phototaxis, they will fly to the bright upper cup to calculate the penetration rate of the insects. The tested nets include: metal mesh 40 mesh 10 wire (according to: 1 wire is about 0.01 mm), metal mesh 40 mesh 8 wire, metal mesh 60 mesh 8 wire and metal mesh 80 mesh 5 wire, 32 mesh nylon mesh room For the control group. During the experiment, the cup was lying horizontally, and a leaf was fixed in the upper transparent plastic cup to lure insects for food. Twenty silver leafworms were released from the holes in the lower cup at one time, and placed under natural light by a window near 25 ± 3 ° C. The processing time for each experiment was 24 hours. After the experiment, count the number of silver leaf whitefly in the cups that penetrate the test net.

According to calculations, the 32 mesh nylon net used in conventional practice had a poor insect control effect, and the white leaf whitefly penetration rate was 56%. The 60-mesh and 8-mesh metal nets have only 15% penetration of silver leaf whitefly, and the 80-mesh and 5-mesh silver nets have zero penetration rate. Obviously, these two kinds of metal nets have very good insect control effects. . However, the metal mesh 40 mesh 10 wire and 40 mesh 8 wire have poor insect control effect, mainly because of its larger pore size.

The results of measuring the pore size of the aforementioned 5 kinds of experimental nets are shown in Table 1. The aperture side length of the 60 mesh 8 wire metal mesh is about 0.36 mm, and the aperture length of the 40 mesh 8 wire metal mesh is about 0.56 mm. The 40-mesh and 10-mesh metal mesh has an aperture side length of about 0.50 mm, the 32-mesh nylon mesh has an aperture side length of about 0.49 mm, and the 80-mesh 5-wire metal mesh has an aperture side length of only about 0.28 mm.
Table 1
specification 60 mesh 8 wire metal mesh 40 mesh 8 wire metal mesh 40 mesh 10 wire metal mesh 32 mesh nylon mesh 80 mesh 5 wire metal mesh Aperture side length (mm) 0.36 ± 0.02 0.56 ± 0.009 0.50 ± 0.028 0.49 ± 0.026 0.28 ± 0.013 Diagonal Aperture (mm) 0.50 ± 0.017 0.77 ± 0.018 0.72 ± 0.012 0.68 ± 0.029 0.39 ± 0.014 Wire diameter (mm) 0.08 ± 0.004 0.08 ± 0.004 0.10 ± 0.004 0.30 ± 0.013 0.05 ± 0.004 Wind speed (m / s) 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.8

Since the wire diameter and weaving density of the metal mesh will affect the ventilation of the mesh, further testing the wind speed through the mesh, the result is: the 40 mesh 8 wire metal mesh has the largest measured wind speed due to the large holes (1.2 m / s), which means better ventilation; and 32 mesh nylon mesh has the largest diameter, although it is only woven with 32 mesh, its ventilation is the worst (only 0.6 m / s). In terms of ventilation only, each metal mesh is better than the conventional 32 mesh nylon mesh.

After the preliminary test, four net rooms were actually set up for tomato cultivation, and a comparative evaluation was performed for a period of time. These four net rooms are net rooms 1, net room 2, net room 3, and net room 4 (shown in Figs. 2 and 3) made of the nets shown in Figs. 1A to 1D, respectively. Fig. 1A The net shown is 60 mesh 8 wires, the net shown in FIG. 1B is 40 mesh 8 wires, the net shown in FIG. 1C is 40 mesh 10 wires, and the net shown in FIG. 1D is a conventional 32 mesh and the transverse lines are Nylon mesh with first and second widths of approximately 0.30 mm. The net room is constructed by using a single piece of aluminum frame to set up the nets to be tested and connected one by one. In practice, the size and structure can be changed according to the requirements of the crop area of the agricultural land, the height of the crop, and the characteristics of the crop. The floor of the net room used in this test is 4m in length and 3m in width, and the height of the net room is 3m.

Tomato cultivation in the net was carried out in autumn, and the yield difference and the invasion status of silver leaf whitefly were observed. Careful observation of each plant revealed that only insects and eggs were not found on the back of the plant in net chamber 1 (60 mesh 8 wire mesh); there were a significant number of white leaf whitefly adults and insects in net chambers 2, 3, and 4. The eggs are on the back of the leaf. Before the tomato growth survey was completed, the number of insects captured in the net chamber was counted in one day. The results showed that only 27 insects were captured in net chamber 1 (60 mesh 8 wire metal net); net chamber 2 (40 mesh 8 wire metal net) There are 737 insects in); 529 were caught in net chamber 3 (40 mesh 10 wire metal mesh); 561 were caught in net chamber 4 (the conventional 32 mesh nylon net). This is roughly consistent with the test results of the simple insect net made of two cups. Performing the same tests in spring also yielded approximately the same results. It can be proved that the 60 mesh 8 wire metal mesh or the mesh with smaller mesh is obviously better in insect control.

In addition, in order to further confirm whether the metal mesh caused a considerable difference in plant growth, the microclimate changes in the mesh room were spot-checked for 3 days, and the differences in temperature and humidity were recorded in particular. The results are shown in Figure 4. Among them, the 32 mesh nylon mesh is 2 to 5 ° C hotter than the metal mesh at the high temperature point marked 1. The high temperature point marked 2 is 0.5 to 8 ° C higher than the temperature of the metal mesh. It is also found that the inside of the net chamber 4 made of a 32-mesh nylon net has larger fluctuations in humidity than the net chambers 1 to 3 made of a metal net.

In order to understand whether the coverage of the metal net will change the spectrum and affect plant growth, a double-metal growth box was illuminated with a double metal light source to penetrate through different metal nets, and the change in spectrum and light intensity was measured with a spectrometer at a distance of 1 m from the net. . The results are shown in Figure 5. The spectra measured under the four types of nets used in net rooms 1 to 4 are similar to the irradiation spectrum of the metal light source under the unshielded net, so the coverage of the metal net does not change the original spectrum. . As for the effect of netting on the intensity of light, the measured light intensity is 7210 Lux in the absence of a net, and the light intensity after the netting is in order: net room 2> net room 4> net room 3 ＞ Net room 1. This result indicates that the shading is related to the mesh aperture size. The 40 mesh 8 wire mesh has the largest pores, so the light transmission is good and the measured light intensity is high. However, the mesh room 1 (the relatively dense 60 mesh) has smaller meshes and more light. Nonetheless, experiments show that Netcell 1 does not have a great adverse effect on the growth of tomatoes. Comparing the average weight of small tomatoes harvested in autumn, Netcell 1 is the largest, followed by Netcell 2 and Netcell 3, the smallest. It is the net room 4. Results may vary slightly depending on the type of tomato. Comparing the growth of large fruit tomatoes in different net chambers, the results indicate that net chamber 3 has the best yield, followed by net chamber 1 and net chamber 2.

In practical applications, it can be used according to the type of crop and season, such as the use of medium-density metal mesh in summer production. The larger holes can help improve ventilation, and are both insect-proof and beneficial to harvest. High-temperature metal mesh can be used at low temperatures in winter to prevent insects and have the effect of heat insulation.

Although this creation has been shown and described with respect to one or more specific examples, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes and modifications based on reading and understanding of this specification. Therefore, the above specific examples of this creation do not constitute a limitation on the scope of this creation right. Those familiar with this technology can still make various changes in details without departing from the technical ideas of this creation.

10‧‧‧ insect net

11‧‧‧ horizontal line

12‧‧‧ vertical line

a‧‧‧first width

b‧‧‧ second width

t1‧‧‧first interval

t2‧‧‧Second interval

The following are illustrative specific examples of this creation. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but rather focus on specific examples of this creation.

FIG. 1A is a 60-mesh 8-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times, which is one of the aspects of the creative implementation.

FIG. 1B is a 40-mesh 8-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times.

FIG. 1C is a 40-mesh 10-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times.

FIG. 1D is a conventional 32 mesh nylon mesh with a magnification of 50 times.

FIG. 1E is an 80-mesh 5-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times, another feasible embodiment of the creation.

FIG. 1F is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of creating an insect-proof net.

FIG. 2 shows four net rooms (namely, net room 1, net room 2, net room 3, net room 4) made of the nets shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D and numbered 1 to 4.

FIG. 3 is a picture taken from another angle of four net rooms numbered 1 to 4 using the nets shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D, respectively.

Figure 4 is a comparison chart obtained by monitoring the temperature changes in the four grids during three days from September 8 to 10 during the study period.

FIG. 5 is the change in the spectrum and light intensity of a fixed light source passing through the net shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D. The measurement method is to irradiate through a different metal mesh with a light source of a double metal lamp, and measure the changes in the spectrum (A) and light intensity (B) with a spectrometer at a distance of 1 m from the mesh.

Fig. 6 is a photograph of a simple insect-proof net for testing.

Claims (10)

An insect-proof net includes: a plurality of transverse lines made of metal, each having a first width and arranged at a first interval; and a plurality of longitudinal lines made of metal, each having a The second width is arranged at a second interval; wherein the plurality of transverse lines and the plurality of longitudinal lines are staggered to form a mesh, and the aperture side length of the mesh is smaller than or substantially equal to the body width of the insect to be blocked. For example, the insect-proof net of item 1 of the patent scope, wherein the size of the mesh is structured so that when the insect-proof net is blown at a wind speed of 1.5 m / s, the wind speed penetrating the insect-proof net is greater than 0.6 m / s. For example, the insect-proof net of the first scope of the patent application, wherein the mesh side length of the mesh is about 0.28 to 0.36 mm. For example, the insect-proof net according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first width is equal to the second width. For example, the insect-proof net of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cross-section of each of the longitudinal lines and each of the transverse lines is substantially circular, and the diameter of each line is less than or equal to 0.1 mm. For example, the insect-proof net of the scope of the patent application No. 5 wherein the wire diameter of each wire is less than or equal to 0.08mm. For example, the insect-proof net of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the longitudinal and transverse lines is made of stainless steel. For example, the insect-proof net of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the longitudinal threads and the transverse threads are combined or joined in any of the following ways to form a net shape: (1) interlaced weaving, (2) Welding, (3) Welding. An insect-proof net room includes: a plurality of frames, each of which is provided with an insect-proof net as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, by appropriately adjusting the shape of each frame and The edges of the frame are properly connected to form a structure sufficient to surround the crop. For example, the insect-proof net room for item 9 of the patent scope, wherein the plurality of frames are made of at least one of: (1) an aluminum frame, (2) an aluminum alloy frame, (3) a hollow pipe, (4) Beading.