TWI709365B - Insect prevention net and net house using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insect-proof net, comprising: a plurality of metal horizontal lines arranged at a first interval, and a plurality of metal longitudinal lines arranged at a second interval; the plurality of horizontal lines and the plurality of longitudinal lines The lines are staggered to form a net, the size of which is smaller than the body width of the insect to be blocked. The size of the mesh can be configured so that when the wind speed is 1.5 m/s, the wind speed penetrating the insect net is greater than 0.6 m/s. The present invention also relates to an agricultural net room composed of the aforementioned insect-proof net, which is formed by a plurality of frames each formed in an appropriate shape and connected with each other by edges to form a structure sufficient to surround and cover crops; each frame is stretched Set up an insect-proof net as described above.

Description

Insect net and net room using this net

The present invention relates to an insect-proof net, which is mainly formed by a plurality of horizontal and vertical lines of metal that are spaced apart and arranged in a staggered manner; the present invention particularly relates to the net mesh size is smaller than the body width of the insect to be blocked and is beneficial for ventilation , Insect nets that do not overly shade the sun. The present invention also relates to a net room composed of the aforementioned insect-proof net.

Cultivation and production of crops must make proper use of the local climate while solving the problems of pests and diseases in order to maximize the harvest and obtain high-quality agricultural products. In order to reduce pests and diseases, it is often necessary to spray a large amount of pesticides during crop growth, but this has caused food safety problems with pesticide residues. In recent years, many crops have been cultivated in net rooms, using physical barriers to prevent pests from entering the cultivation area; this method can reduce or even eliminate insecticides and achieve the purpose of reducing pests, increasing crop yield and quality while taking into account environmental protection Claim.

Most of the commonly used nets are constructed of nets made of nylon and other plastic materials, especially 32 mesh (32 holes arranged in an area of 1 inch x 1 inch) as the mainstream; if the plastic net If the wire diameter is too thick, the mesh will be too small. Although it can effectively block pests, it will cause poor ventilation or insufficient sunlight. For the same 32-mesh plastic net or even more plastic nets, if you want to expand the mesh aperture, you must reduce the width (or wire diameter) of the net cable. For nylon nets or other plastic nets, this is true. The difficulty of manufacturing, and the thinner plastic mesh cable is deformed or even broken due to stress, which is not conducive to the service life of the mesh. And the waste disposal of plastic netting is also one of the environmental pollution factors.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop better anti-insect nets and techniques for making anti-insect nets, so that the openings of the anti-insect nets are small enough to block the pests, but the line width or diameter of the nets can also be made small enough to maintain Good ventilation and required sunshine, durable and have sufficient service life.

The present invention is mainly used in insect-proof nets and net rooms made of metal wires. Compared with traditional nylon or other plastic nets, it is more conducive to environmental protection because the metal nets can be recycled and reused. Another advantage of the present invention is that most of the metal mesh materials are non-toxic and have strong ductility, especially stainless steel, which can draw very fine-diameter steel wires, which is helpful for weaving high-density nets with appropriate mesh sizes to achieve good insect resistance. The purpose of performance, ventilation, light transmission, etc.

The present invention provides an insect-proof net, which comprises: a plurality of horizontal lines and a plurality of longitudinal lines, all of which are made of metal; each horizontal line has a first width and is arranged at a first interval; each longitudinal line It has a second width and is arranged at a second interval; wherein, the plurality of horizontal lines and the plurality of longitudinal lines are staggered to form a mesh, and the size of the mesh is smaller than the body width of the insect to be blocked.

The insect-proof net made of the metal wire provided by the present invention utilizes the excellent ductility and tensile strength of metal, and can be made into an insect-proof net with a small mesh size and good ventilation of the whole net. The size of the mesh can be configured so that when the insect-proof net is blown at a wind speed of 1.5m/s, the wind speed penetrating the insect-proof net is greater than 0.6m/s, or even equal to or slightly greater than 0.8m/s.

The insect-proof net provided by the present invention can be adapted to the size of the body of the pest to be blocked, and the side length of the aperture of the net can be made between about 0.28 and 0.36 mm.

The width of the vertical line and the horizontal line of the anti-insect net provided by the present invention can be equal; or, the cross section of each vertical line and each horizontal line is roughly circular, and the wire diameter of each line is less than or equal to 0.1 mm, and it can even be made The result is less than or equal to 0.08 mm, for example: 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.08 mm, etc.

The vertical and horizontal lines of the insect-proof net provided by the present invention are made of stainless steel with high tensile strength and good ductility. For example, JIS-standard SUS316L stainless steel can be used, and the vertical and horizontal lines can be staggered. Weaving, welding or welding to form a mesh.

The present invention further provides an agricultural net room made of the aforementioned insect-proof net to achieve the purposes of insect-proof, ventilation, and proper sunshine. The agricultural net room of the present invention includes a plurality of frames, and each frame is provided with an insect-proof net made of metal wire as described above. Each frame can be made into the same or different shapes to facilitate the formation of the required The shape of the mesh room; the edges of the frames are properly connected by pivoting, welding, welding, tenon jointing, tight fitting and other feasible ways to form a structure that is sufficient to cover the crops. The material of the frame can be lighter aluminum metal or alloy, hollow pipe or bead, etc.

The size of the mesh of the present invention (that is, the size of the opening of each mesh) is formed by subtracting the first width from the first interval and subtracting the second width from the second interval.

The method of the present invention to measure the speed of the wind penetrating the net is: blow the net at a wind speed of 1.5m/s at a distance of 1 cm in front of the net, and measure the distance of 5 cm penetrating the net with an anemometer (TENMARS TM-402) Wind speed.

The invention starts with preventing the harm of silver leaf whitefly to tomato growth. Because the 32 mesh nylon mesh chamber is not effective enough to prevent silver leaf whitefly. Silverleaf whitefly generally has a body length of 0.8 to 1.3 mm, and its body size may be slightly smaller or larger due to the growth rate. It spreads Yellow Leaf Roll Virus (TYLCV) to infect tomatoes, causing serious farming benefits. The present invention uses metal wires with different diameters to make metal insect-proof nets with different mesh specifications, constructs a net room, compares the effects of different specifications of metal nets on preventing silver leaf whitefly and the growth of different types of tomatoes, and uses conventional nylon nets For the control group. The test results indicate that the metal mesh has a mesh density of 80 mesh and a wire diameter of 5 wires (Note: 1 wire is about 0.01 mm, 5 wire is about 0.05 ± 0.004 mm) can completely block the invasion of silver leaf whitefly, and the mesh density is 60 meshes. The penetration rate of silver leaf whitefly on a metal mesh with a wire diameter of 8 wires (0.08 ± 0.004 mm) is 15%, both of which are significantly better than the 56% insect control effect of a 32-mesh nylon mesh, and the actual mesh density is 60 The results of collecting data in a netting room covered with a metal mesh with a wire diameter of 8 wires (0.08 ± 0.004 mm) show that tomatoes suffer from reduced TYLCV disease, and that tomatoes grow well and their yields are increased. There is no need to spray pesticides during the entire cultivation period. Therefore, the present invention also helps to improve food safety.

The invention is a metal insect-proof net and a net room made of the net. A description of illustrative specific examples follows.

The present invention uses metal wires to make insect-proof nets, preferably non-toxic, good ductility, and high tensile strength stainless steel wire as the material of the net. JIS specification SUS316L stainless steel or other types of stainless steel can be selected. The extremely fine-diameter steel wire makes it possible to weave a high-density net with an appropriate mesh size to achieve good insect resistance, ventilation, and light transmission.

One example of the present invention is an insect-proof net 10 comprising: a plurality of metal horizontal lines 11, each having a first width a, and arranged at a first interval t1; and a plurality of metal longitudinal lines 12, each having A second width b is arranged at a second interval t2; wherein, the plurality of horizontal lines 11 and the plurality of longitudinal lines 12 are staggered to form a mesh. The size of the mesh (opening size) is formed by the first interval t1 minus the first width and the second interval t2 minus the second width. In order to achieve the effect of preventing insects, the size of the mesh should be made such that the side length of the aperture is less than or approximately equal to the width of the insect to be blocked, or the diagonal aperture of the mesh should be slightly smaller or approximately equal to the cross-sectional body of the insect to be blocked. size. In the present invention, the side length of the aperture of the preferred mesh is about 0.28 to 0.36 mm, which is suitable for blocking insects with a body width of about 0.28 mm or more.

Another exemplary insect net of the present invention includes: a plurality of metal horizontal wires 11, each having a first width a, and arranged at a first interval t1; and a plurality of metal longitudinal wires 12, each having A second width b is arranged at a second interval t2; wherein, the plurality of horizontal lines 11 and the plurality of longitudinal lines 12 are staggered to form a mesh. The size of the mesh is structured so that the side length of the aperture is less than or slightly equal to the body width of the insect to be blocked, and when the insect net is blown at a wind speed of 1.5m/s, the wind speed penetrating the insect net is greater than 0.6m /s. To ensure that it has the effect of insect prevention and good ventilation.

The first width a of the lateral line 11 and the longitudinal line 12 of the exemplified insect net of the present invention may be equal to the second width b. Furthermore, the cross-sections of each of the longitudinal wires 11 and each of the transverse wires 12 may be approximately circular and have a wire diameter; that is, the metal wires constituting the insect-proof net are approximately the same, which can be achieved by a drawing process It is made; preferably, the wire diameter is less than or equal to 0.1 mm, for example: the wire diameter is 0.08 mm or 0.05 mm.

After selecting the metal wire suitable for making the net and setting the insect-proof and ventilation specifications of the net, the longitudinal wires 11 and the transverse wires 12 can be interlaced to form a net, or the transverse wires 11 and the longitudinal wires The wires 12 are welded or welded one by one to form a net.

The insect-proof net of the present invention can be directly covered on small-area pressure-resistant crops, and the insect-proof net can be combined with a suitable frame to form the net room as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The net room of an embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of frames, which can be aluminum frames, or hollow metal or plastic pipes, to reduce weight; each frame is provided with a shield as described above Worm net. The frame can also adopt beading, the edge part of the net is sandwiched between the upper and lower beading, and the beading is connected to form a frame, so that the netting is set in the frame. With proper structural design, the shapes of multiple frames can be completely the same or partially the same, and can be assembled into a covering structure like a house; to form this covering structure, the edges of each frame must be properly connected, for example Adopt various feasible methods such as pivot connection, welding, welding, tenon joint, tight fit, etc. to make proper connections to form a structure sufficient to cover a certain area of crops.

In order to develop the metal mesh of the present invention to obtain the characteristics of the metal mesh with better insect-proof and crop yield improvement effects compared with the conventional 32-mesh nylon mesh, the research and experiment method are used in particular. First, make a simple insect-proof net, as shown in the photo in Figure 6, which is composed of three 500ml plastic cups and two cup lids. One plastic cup has a side hole (0.5x0.5cm) as the lower cup. A layer of net to be tested is fixed in the middle of a plastic cup cover. Cover the double-sided cup lid with the net to be tested in the middle, and put a 100-mesh nylon net on the bottom of the upper lid to allow air to circulate in the cup. Finally, put a black plastic cup on the outside of the lower cup to create a dark condition and place the insects Into the lower cup. Because insects have phototaxis, they will fly to the bright upper cup to calculate the penetration rate of insects. The tested nets include: metal mesh 40 mesh 10 wires (by: 1 wire is about 0.01 mm), metal mesh 40 mesh 8 wires, metal mesh 60 mesh 8 wires and metal mesh 80 mesh 5 wires, with 32 mesh nylon mesh For the control group. During the experiment, the cup was lying horizontally, and a leaf was fixed in the upper transparent plastic cup to lure insects for food. Twenty silver leaf whiteflies were released from the hole in the lower cup at a time, and placed under natural light near the window in the room at 25±3°C. The treatment time for each experiment was 24 hours. After the experiment, count the number of silver leaf whiteflies that have penetrated the layer cup on the test net.

According to calculations, the conventional 32-mesh nylon netting is not effective in preventing insects, and the penetration rate of silver leaf whitefly is 56%. The penetration rate of silver leaf whitefly with 60 mesh and 8 wires is only 15%, and the penetration rate of silver leaf whitefly with 80 mesh and 5 wires is zero. Obviously these two kinds of metal nets have very good insect control effects. . However, the insect-proof effect of the metal mesh with 40 mesh 10 wire and 40 mesh 8 wire is not good, mainly due to the large pore size.

The results of measuring the size of the mesh holes of the aforementioned 5 kinds of experimental nets are shown in Table 1. The hole length of the 60 mesh 8-wire metal mesh is about 0.36 mm, and the 40 mesh 8-wire metal mesh is about 0.56 mm. , 40 mesh 10-wire metal mesh has an aperture side length of about 0.50 mm, 32 mesh nylon mesh has an aperture side length of 0.49 mm, and 80 mesh 5-wire metal mesh has an aperture side length of only about 0.28 mm. Table 1 specification 60 mesh 8 wire metal mesh 40 mesh 8 wire metal mesh 40 mesh 10 wire metal mesh 32 mesh nylon net 80 mesh 5 wire metal mesh Aperture side length (mm) 0.36±0.02 0.56±0.009 0.50±0.028 0.49±0.026 0.28±0.013 Diagonal aperture (mm) 0.50±0.017 0.77±0.018 0.72±0.012 0.68±0.029 0.39±0.014 Wire diameter (mm) 0.08±0.004 0.08±0.004 0.10±0.004 0.30±0.013 0.05±0.004 Wind speed (m/s) 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.8

Because the wire diameter and weaving density of the metal mesh will affect the ventilation of the mesh, the wind speed through the mesh was further tested. The result is that the 40 mesh 8-wire metal mesh has the largest wind speed (1.2 m/s), which means better ventilation; while the 32 mesh nylon mesh is thicker, although only 32 mesh is woven, its ventilation is the worst (only 0.6 m/s). If only in terms of ventilation, each metal mesh is better than the conventional 32 mesh nylon mesh.

After the preliminary test, four net rooms for planting tomatoes were further built, and a period of comparative evaluation was conducted. The four net rooms are net room 1, net room 2, net room 3, and net room 4 respectively made of the net shown in Figures 1A to 1D (as shown in Figures 2 and 3), of which Figure 1A The net shown is 60 mesh 8 wires, the net shown in Fig. 1B is 40 mesh 8 wires, the net shown in Fig. 1C is 40 mesh 10 wires, the net shown in Fig. 1D is a conventional 32 mesh and each horizontal line The first and second widths are both about 0.30 mm nylon mesh. The net room is constructed by using a single piece of aluminum frame to stretch the net to be tested and then build and connect it piece by piece. In actual use, the size and structure can be changed according to the requirements of the crop area, crop height, and crop characteristics. The net room floor used in this test is 4m in length, 3m in width, and 3m in height.

The tomato cultivation was carried out in a net room in autumn to observe the yield difference and the invasion of silver leaf whitefly. After careful observation of each plant, it was found that only the leaf back of the plant in the net room 1 (60 mesh 8 wire mesh) did not observe insects and eggs; in the net rooms 2, 3, and 4, there were obvious large numbers of silver leaf whitefly adults and insects. The egg is on the back of the leaf. Before the end of the tomato growth survey, count the number of insects caught in the net in one day. The results showed that only 27 insects were caught in the net room 1 (60 mesh 8 wire metal mesh); the net room 2 (40 mesh 8 wire metal mesh) There were as many as 737 insects in ); 529 insects were caught in mesh chamber 3 (40 mesh 10-wire metal mesh); 561 insects were caught in mesh chamber 4 (the conventional 32 mesh nylon mesh). This is roughly in line with the aforementioned test results of the simple insect-proof net made with two cups. Carrying out the same test in the spring, the results were roughly the same. It can be proved that the 60-mesh 8-wire metal net or the net with a smaller mesh is obviously effective in preventing insects.

In addition, in order to further confirm whether the metal mesh makes a considerable difference in plant growth, a random check of the microclimate changes in the 3-day mesh room, especially the difference in temperature and humidity changes. The result is shown in Figure 4. Among them, the temperature of the 32-mesh nylon mesh at the high temperature point marked 1 is 2 to 5 °C higher than that of the metal mesh. The high temperature point marked 2 is 0.5 to 8 °C higher than the metal mesh temperature. In addition, it was also found that the humidity in the mesh chamber 4 made of 32-mesh nylon mesh was larger than that of the mesh chambers 1 to 3 made of metal mesh.

In order to understand whether the coverage of the metal mesh will change the spectrum and affect the growth of plants, the double-door growth box was irradiated with a metal light source to penetrate different metal meshes, and a spectrometer was used to measure the changes in spectrum and light intensity at a distance of 1 m from the mesh. . The result is shown in Figure 5. The spectra measured under the four types of nets used in the net rooms 1 to 4 are all similar to the spectrum of the metal light source under the unshaded net, so the metal net coverage will not change the original spectrum. . As for the effect of covering with nets on the intensity of light, the measured light intensity without nets is 7210 Lux. After the nets are shielded, the light intensity is in descending order: net room 2> net room 4> net room 3 > Net Room 1. This result indicates that the shading is related to the size of the mesh aperture. The 40 mesh 8 wire mesh has the largest holes, so the light transmittance is good, and the measured light intensity is high. However, the mesh of the mesh chamber 1 (the denser 60 mesh) is small and covers more light. Even so, experiments show that the net room 1 does not have much adverse effect on the growth of tomatoes. Compared with the average weight of small tomatoes harvested in autumn, the net room 1 is the largest, followed by the net room 2 and the net room 3, the smallest It is Net Room 4. The results may vary slightly due to different types of tomatoes. Comparing the growth of large-fruit tomatoes in different net rooms, the results indicate that net room 3 has the best yield, followed by net room 1 and net room 2.

In practical applications, medium-density metal meshes can be used according to crop types and seasons, such as summer production. The larger holes help improve ventilation, and are both insect-proof and beneficial for harvesting. High-density metal mesh can be used in low temperature in winter to prevent insects and have the effect of heat preservation.

Although the present invention has been shown and described with respect to one or more specific examples, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes and modifications based on the reading and understanding of this specification. In addition, although the specific features or aspects of the present invention are only disclosed based on a few specific examples, they do not constitute a limitation on the scope of rights of the present invention. Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described with reference to its illustrative specific examples, those skilled in the art should understand that they can be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention covered by the scope of the appended application. Various changes in form and details.

10 Insect net 11 Horizontal line 12 Vertical line a The first width b Second width t1 The first interval t2 Second interval

The following are illustrative specific examples of the present invention. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but focus on illustrating specific examples of the present invention.

Fig. 1A is a 60-mesh 8-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times in one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 1B is a 40-mesh 8-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times.

Figure 1C is a 40-mesh 10-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times.

Figure 1D is a conventional 32-mesh nylon mesh with a magnification of 50 times.

Fig. 1E is an 80-mesh 5-wire metal mesh with a magnification of 50 times in another feasible embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1F is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the insect-proof net of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows the use of the nets shown in Figures 1A to 1D to make four net rooms numbered 1 to 4 (ie, net room 1, net room 2, net room 3, and net room 4).

Figure 3 is a photograph taken from another angle of the four screen rooms numbered 1 to 4 using the screens shown in Figures 1A to 1D.

Figure 4 is a comparison chart obtained by monitoring the temperature changes in the four network rooms during the study period from September 8th to 10th.

Fig. 5 shows the changes in the spectrum and light intensity passing through the net shown in Figs. 1A to 1D under a fixed light source. The measurement method is to irradiate the metal mesh with a complex metal light source, and measure the spectrum (A) and light intensity (B) with a spectrometer at a distance of 1 m from the mesh.

Figure 6 is a photo of a simple insect-proof net for testing.

10 Insect net 11 Horizontal line 12 Vertical line a The first width b Second width t1 The first interval t2 Second interval

Claims (9)

An anti-insect net, comprising: a plurality of horizontal lines, which are made of metal, each having a first width, and are arranged at a first interval; and a plurality of longitudinal lines, which are made of metal, each having a The second width is arranged at a second interval; wherein, the plurality of horizontal lines and the plurality of longitudinal lines are interlaced to form a mesh, and the side length of the aperture of the mesh is less than or substantially equal to the body width of the insect to be blocked, wherein, The size of the mesh is structured so that when the wind speed is 1.5 m/s, the wind speed penetrating the insect net is greater than 0.6 m/s. For example, the anti-insect net of item 1 in the scope of patent application, wherein the side length of the aperture of the net is about 0.28 to 0.36mm. For example, the insect net of any one of items 1 to 2 in the scope of patent application, wherein the first width is equal to the second width. For example, the insect net of any one of items 1 to 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the cross section of each longitudinal line and each transverse line is roughly circular, and the wire diameter of each line is less than or equal to 0.1mm. For example, the insect net of item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the diameter of each thread is less than or equal to 0.08mm. Such as the insect net of any one of items 1 to 2 in the scope of the patent application, wherein each of the longitudinal and transverse lines is made of stainless steel. For example, the insect net of any one of items 1 to 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein each of the longitudinal threads and the transverse threads are combined or joined in any of the following ways to form a mesh: (1) interlaced weaving, (2) Welding, (3) welding. An insect-proof net room comprising: a plurality of frames, each frame is provided with an insect-proof net as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the shape of each frame is adjusted appropriately The edges of the frame are properly connected to form a structure sufficient to surround and cover the crops. For example, the insect-proof net room of item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the plurality of frames are made of at least one of the following: (1) aluminum frame, (2) aluminum alloy frame, (3) hollow pipe, (4) Layering.

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