TWI828921B - 橡膠成形體及電池組 - Google Patents
橡膠成形體及電池組 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI828921B TWI828921B TW109121349A TW109121349A TWI828921B TW I828921 B TWI828921 B TW I828921B TW 109121349 A TW109121349 A TW 109121349A TW 109121349 A TW109121349 A TW 109121349A TW I828921 B TWI828921 B TW I828921B
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- Prior art keywords
- rubber molded
- mass
- molded body
- parts
- ion secondary
- Prior art date
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- 238000010068 moulding (rubber) Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWAPVVCSZCCZCU-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dichlorite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl=O.[O-]Cl=O NWAPVVCSZCCZCU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001367 organochlorosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係一種橡膠成形體,其附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔,依據JIS H7903:2008,利用單向熱流穩態比較法測得之導熱度(測定溫度:33℃)未達1.0 W/m・K,覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔之部分之厚度為0.3 mm以上10.0 mm以下,基於JIS K6253,利用A型硬度計測得之表面硬度為50以上90以下。
Description
本發明係關於一種使橡膠組成物成形硬化而成之橡膠成形體、及具備附設有上述橡膠成形體之鋰離子二次電池胞之電池組。
近年來,對鋰離子二次電池(以下有時亦稱為「電池」)之需求增加。另一方面,隨著小型化及高能量密度化之發展(能量密度為300 Wh/kg以上),根據利用方式之不同,存在發熱至高溫等風險。因此,電池或電池組之安全性變得更為重要。
例如,鋰離子二次電池若被過量充電或過量放電,或者受到意外撞擊而發生內部短路或外部短路,則存在引發熱失控之風險。發生熱失控之鋰離子二次電池,會產生氣體而使電池之內壓上升。若發生此種情況,則有可能因內壓上升而導致包裝罐破裂等,因此於該等電池設置有用以排氣之排氣孔或安全閥等。
又,於發生熱失控之情形時,存在因過熱之電池等而導致著火之風險,為了防止延燒、燒毀,例如專利文獻1中,以防火片被覆電池表面。
然而,高溫、高壓氣體會從已發生熱失控之鋰離子二次電池上設置之用以排氣之排氣孔或安全閥噴出。根據非專利文獻1之記載,雖是一瞬間,但其溫度亦存在最高溫度超過999℃之情況。
因此,專利文獻1之防火片係為了防範源自該高溫氣體之火焰(即防火)而設置。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本特開2019-032923號公報
[非專利文獻]
[非專利文獻1]松村英樹、松島和男 交通安全環境研究所論壇演講概要/交通安全環境研究所 編 135-138, 2012
[發明所欲解決之課題]
然而,因近年來電池之高能量密度化,熱失控時所排出之氣體之壓力明顯增大。因該氣體之高壓,即便為專利文獻1之防火片,亦存在破損之風險。具體而言,例如於由專利文獻1中記載之以纖維所構成之防火片之情形時,因該氣體之高壓而導致纖維之網眼擴張,又,於由樹脂所構成之防火片之情形時,防火片於達到燃燒狀態前之樹脂之軟化狀態下,降低至無法承受高壓之強度而燒穿,因此,無論何種情形,均存在以下風險:防火片會產生貫通孔,從其貫通孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體延燒至防火片以外之構件(例如收納電池之包裝外殼)而將其燒毀,最終延燒至搭載有電池之機器、交通工具而將其燒毀。
又,亦存在以下風險:從其貫通孔供給空氣(氧),電池本身之燒毀、延燒擴大,而導致相鄰之正常鋰離子二次電池熱失控。
本發明係鑒於上述背景而完成者,其目的在於提供一種橡膠成形體、及具備附設有上述橡膠成形體之鋰離子二次電池胞之電池組,即便因鋰離子二次電池之熱失控而導致高溫、高壓氣體從鋰離子二次電池之安全閥或排氣孔噴出,該橡膠成形體亦能夠抑制延燒或燒毀。
[解決課題之技術手段]
為達成上述目的,本發明構成如下。
(1)本發明之橡膠成形體附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔,依據JIS H7903:2008,利用單向熱流穩態比較法測得之導熱度(測定溫度:33℃)未達1.0 W/m・K,覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔之部分之厚度為0.3 mm以上10.0 mm以下,基於JIS K6253,利用A型硬度計測得之表面硬度為50以上90以下。
根據本發明,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥或排氣孔之方式,附設導熱度、厚度、及表面硬度處於特定範圍內之橡膠成形體,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,橡膠成形體亦不會因從安全閥或排氣孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而產生貫通孔,從而能夠抑制由高溫、高壓氣體之噴出所導致之延燒、燒毀。
(2)本發明之橡膠成形體附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔,該橡膠成形體係使矽酮橡膠組成物成形硬化而成者,該矽酮橡膠組成物相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,含有10質量份以上100質量份以下之粉末二氧化矽、10質量份以上50質量份以下之層狀矽酸鹽、0.5質量份以上20質量份以下之氧化鈦、4.0質量份以上14.0質量份以下之硬化劑。
根據本發明,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥或排氣孔之方式,附設使特定成分之矽酮橡膠組成物成形硬化而成之橡膠成形體,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,亦能夠使橡膠成形體不會因從安全閥或排氣孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而產生貫通孔,從而能夠抑制由高溫、高壓氣體之噴出所導致之延燒、燒毀。
(3)本發明之橡膠成形體附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔,該橡膠成形體係使矽酮橡膠組成物成形硬化而成者,該矽酮橡膠組成物相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,含有10質量份以上100質量份以下之粉末二氧化矽、10質量份以上50質量份以下之層狀矽酸鹽、0.5質量份以上20質量份以下之氧化鈦、4.0質量份以上14.0質量份以下之硬化劑,
該橡膠成形體依據JIS H7903:2008,利用單向熱流穩態比較法測得之導熱度(測定溫度:33℃)未達1.0 W/m・K,該橡膠成形體覆蓋上述安全閥或上述排氣孔的部分之厚度為0.3 mm以上10.0 mm以下,該橡膠成形體基於JIS K6253,利用A型硬度計測得之表面硬度為50以上90以下。
根據本發明,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥或排氣孔之方式附設橡膠成形體,該橡膠成形體係使特定成分之矽酮橡膠組成物成形硬化而成者,且導熱度、厚度、及表面硬度處於特定範圍,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,橡膠成形體亦不會因從安全閥或排氣孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而產生貫通孔,從而能夠抑制由高溫、高壓氣體之噴出所導致之延燒、燒毀。
(4)本發明之橡膠成形體之較佳實施形態中,該橡膠成形體之切斷時伸長率為80%以上500%以下。
根據該實施形態,將橡膠成形體附設於鋰離子二次電池胞時,容易以橡膠成形體與鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥或排氣孔密接之方式施加張力,且同時將覆蓋安全閥或排氣孔之部分之厚度維持為所需厚度而附設橡膠成形體。
(5)本發明之橡膠成形體之另一實施形態中,該橡膠成形體之形狀為片狀、帶狀、或蓋狀。
根據該實施形態,當以覆蓋安全閥或排氣孔之方式於鋰離子二次電池胞之外周附設橡膠成形體時,能夠以與橡膠成形體之形狀相應之較佳形態附設。
(6)本發明之電池組具備上述(1)至(5)中任一項之橡膠成形體附設於外周之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞。
根據本發明,於鋰離子二次電池胞之外周,以覆蓋其安全閥或排氣孔之方式附設有橡膠成形體,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,橡膠成形體亦不會因從安全閥或排氣孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而產生貫通孔,從而能夠抑制因高溫、高壓氣體之噴出而延燒至該電池組或燒毀該電池組。
(7)本發明之較佳實施形態中,上述鋰離子二次電池胞之外周面之至少一部分由具有導熱性之油灰狀組成物被覆。
該油灰狀組成物之導熱度(W/m・K)較佳為1.5以上16.0以下。
根據該實施形態,以具有導熱性之油灰狀組成物被覆鋰離子二次電池胞之外周面之至少一部分,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控而發熱,亦能夠高效率地使其熱量釋放至鋰離子二次電池胞外,從而能夠抑制鋰離子二次電池胞之過熱。
[發明之效果]
如上所述,根據本發明,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥或排氣孔之方式附設橡膠成形體,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,橡膠成形體亦不會因從安全閥或排氣孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而產生貫通孔,從而能夠抑制由高溫、高壓氣體之噴出所導致之延燒、燒毀。
以下,對本發明之實施形態詳細地進行說明。
圖1係附設有本發明一實施形態之橡膠成形體之鋰離子二次電池胞的立體圖。
該鋰離子二次電池胞1係方型電池胞,於為電池容器之包裝罐2之上表面設置有正極端子3及負極端子4,並且於其間設置有安全閥5。
於鋰離子二次電池胞1發生熱失控而內壓上升之情形時,安全閥5作動,防止噴出高溫、高壓氣體而導致包裝罐2破裂。
於鋰離子二次電池胞1發生熱失控之情形時,存在因過熱而著火之風險,若從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體一下子大範圍地擴散,則難以防止延燒、燒毀。
因此,該實施形態中,如圖2、圖3、及沿圖3之A-A線之剖視圖即圖4所示,隔著絕緣片7於鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周以至少覆蓋安全閥5之方式附設有具有可撓性之片狀橡膠成形體6。
該實施形態中,絕緣片7及片狀橡膠成形體6均為矩形且大致相同之尺寸,以覆蓋長方體鋰離子二次電池胞1之包含安全閥5之上表面並且覆蓋正面及背面(圖4之左右之面)之上部的方式附設。
分別與鋰離子二次電池胞1之正極端子3及負極端子4相連接之未圖示的導線,係利用不被絕緣片7及橡膠成形體6所覆蓋之側面引出。
附設有絕緣片7及片狀橡膠成形體6之鋰離子二次電池胞1收納於未圖示之包裝外殼。於該包裝外殼內,覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之正面及背面上部之橡膠成形體6被包裝外殼之內壁面擠壓,藉此保持橡膠成形體6。
該實施形態之橡膠成形體6係使下述橡膠組成物成形硬化而成者,該橡膠成形體6依據JIS H7903:2008,利用單向熱流穩態比較法(SCHF)測得之導熱度(測定溫度:33℃)未達1.0 W/m・K。
若該導熱度為1.0 W/m・K以上,則於鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控之情形時,熱量會因從安全閥或排氣孔噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而經由橡膠成形體傳導至橡膠成形體6之外周之構件、例如收納由片狀橡膠成形體6所覆蓋之鋰離子二次電池胞1之包裝外殼,而使包裝外殼熔融變形。
該導熱度越低越好,其下限例如為0.1 W/m・K。
又,關於橡膠成形體6覆蓋安全閥5之部分之厚度,於該實施形態中,橡膠成形體6為均勻厚度之片狀,該片狀橡膠成形體6之厚度較佳為0.3 mm以上10.0 mm以下,更佳為0.5 mm以上5 mm以下,進而較佳為0.7 mm以上2 mm以下。
若該厚度未達0.3 mm,則因從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而於橡膠成形體6產生貫通孔,從貫通孔噴出高溫、高壓氣體,而延燒至較由絕緣片7及片狀橡膠成形體6所覆蓋之鋰離子二次電池胞1更靠外側之構件而將其燒毀。又,貫通孔成為空氣(氧)之供給口,而使由絕緣片7及片狀橡膠成形體6所覆蓋之鋰離子二次電池胞1本身之延燒、燒毀擴大。
若片狀橡膠成形體6之厚度超過10.0 mm,則能夠阻斷高溫、高壓氣體,即,不會產生貫通孔,但橡膠成形體6大型化,成形加工將變得複雜。又,難以收納於收納鋰離子二次電池胞1之既有的包裝外殼。
關於橡膠成形體6之表面硬度,基於JIS K6253,利用A型硬度計進行測定,較佳為50以上90以下。若該表面硬度未達50,則因從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體(尤其是壓力(噴出力)之影響)而導致橡膠成形體6破損或產生貫通孔。若該表面硬度超過90,則會變脆,因此,以賦予曲率之方式將片狀橡膠成形體6附設於鋰離子二次電池胞1時、或受到從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體等意外撞擊時會破損。
橡膠成形體6並不限於下述橡膠組成物,只要為使橡膠組成物成形硬化而成者即可,橡膠成形體6不會如樹脂成形體般因高溫、高壓氣體之熱而燒穿或產生貫通孔,因此較佳。
該實施形態之橡膠成形體6,係使主成分為矽酮橡膠組成物之橡膠組成物成形硬化而成者。
適用於橡膠成形體6之矽酮橡膠組成物相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,分別含有10質量份以上100質量份以下之粉末二氧化矽、10質量份以上50質量份以下之層狀矽酸鹽、0.5質量份以上20質量份以下之氧化鈦、4.0質量份以上14.0質量份以下之硬化劑。
作為有機聚矽氧烷,例如為由平均單元式:RaSiO(4-a)/2(式中,R為烴基或鹵化烷基;a為1.95以上2.05以下)所表示者。作為烴基之R,例如可列舉:甲基、乙基、丙基等烷基;乙烯基、烯丙基等烯基;環己基等環烷基;β-苯乙基等芳烷基;苯基、甲苯基等芳基等。作為鹵化烷基之R,例如可列舉3,3,3-三氟丙基、3-氯丙基等。關於有機聚矽氧烷,於以有機過氧化物及/或鉑系觸媒為硬化劑而在與分子中之矽原子鍵結之氫原子之位置上使分子間相交聯之情形時,較佳於分子中具有至少2個與矽原子鍵結之烯基。作為該烯基,例如可列舉:乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯基、己烯基等。有機聚矽氧烷之分子可為直鏈狀,亦可為具有支鏈者。
作為粉末二氧化矽,例如可列舉:發煙二氧化矽(fumed silica)等乾式法二氧化矽、沉澱二氧化矽等濕式法二氧化矽。又,作為粉末二氧化矽,可列舉:乾式法二氧化矽或濕式法二氧化矽之表面經以有機氯矽烷、有機烷氧基矽烷、六有機二矽氮烷、有機矽氧烷寡聚物等進行疏水化處理者。粉末二氧化矽較佳包含此等中之1種或2種以上,就提高燒結性,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,高溫、高壓氣體從安全閥噴出,橡膠成形體亦不會產生貫通孔而維持形狀之觀點而言,更佳包含經疏水化處理之乾式法二氧化矽。
粉末二氧化矽藉由JISK6430:2008之多點氮吸附法(BET法)測得之比表面積,較佳為50 m2
/g以上。利用雷射繞射/散射式粒度分佈測定裝置測得之粉末二氧化矽之一次中值粒徑較佳為1 μm以上10 μm以下。就耐火性之觀點而言,矽酮橡膠組成物中之粉末二氧化矽之含量較佳相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,為10質量份以上100質量份以下,若未達10質量份,則因從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而於橡膠成形體6產生貫通孔。若超過100質量份,則橡膠成形體6之表面硬度變大而變脆。
作為層狀矽酸鹽,例如可列舉:雲母、蒙脫石、膨潤石、伊利石、海泡石、allervardites、鎂綠泥石、鋰膨潤石、滑石、氟鋰膨潤石、皂石、鋁膨潤石、綠脫石、矽鎂石、膨土、蛭石、氟蛭石、多水高嶺土等。層狀矽酸鹽較佳包含此等中之1種或2種以上,就提高燒結性而保持鋰離子二次電池不變之觀點而言,更佳包含雲母。作為雲母,例如可列舉:白雲母、黑雲母、金雲母等。利用雷射繞射/散射式粒度分佈測定裝置測得之層狀矽酸鹽之中值粒徑較佳為1 μm以上100 μm以下。層狀矽酸鹽之中值粒徑較佳大於粉末二氧化矽之一次中值粒徑。就提高燒結性,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,高溫、高壓氣體從安全閥5噴出,亦不會使橡膠成形體6產生貫通孔之觀點而言,在具有耐火性之方面,矽酮橡膠組成物中之層狀矽酸鹽之含量較佳相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,為10質量份以上150質量份以下。
又,就維持橡膠成形體6之形狀(即便暴露於高溫下亦維持形狀)之觀點而言,矽酮橡膠組成物中之層狀矽酸鹽之含量較佳多於粉末二氧化矽之含量。
矽酮橡膠組成物含有作為耐熱性改善劑之氧化鈦。該氧化鈦之摻合量較佳相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,設為0.5質量份以上20質量份以下之範圍,更佳為1.0質量份以上10.0質量份以下。若摻合量未達0.5質量份,則橡膠成形體6之耐熱性不充分,若超過20.0質量份,則橡膠成形體6之難燃性降低。
除氧化鈦之外,例如亦可併用氧化鐵、二氧化矽、氧化鋅之金屬氧化物,亦可與該金屬氧化物一併使用石墨、鋁等作為耐熱性改善劑。
矽酮橡膠組成物需要硬化成期望之硬度,因此,相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,含有4.0質量份以上14.0質量份以下之硬化劑。若為4.0質量份以下,則橡膠成形體6之表面硬度不充分,例如附設於鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周時容易破損。若超過14.0質量份,則橡膠成形體6會變脆。
作為硬化劑,較佳為有機過氧化物或鉑系觸媒。
橡膠成形體6之製作,應用公知之製造方法即可。
例如可將上述材料混合進行混練,擠出成形為期望厚度之片狀,並藉由一次硫化(條件:於120℃以下,10分鐘)、二次硫化(條件:於200℃,4小時)進行製作。亦可將該製成片狀者切斷為特定寬度而製成帶狀。除此以外,亦可射出成形、加壓成形為期望之形狀,並進行一次硫化、二次硫化而使其硬化。
若橡膠成形體6之切斷時伸長率為80%以上500%以下,則在當以覆蓋安全閥5之方式附設橡膠成形體6時一面施加張力一面附設於鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周的方面上較佳,更佳為切斷時伸長率為100%以上350%以下。
若切斷時伸長率未達80%,則以覆蓋安全閥5之方式附設橡膠成形體6時,有斷裂之傾向,若切斷時伸長率超過500%,則有橡膠成形體6之厚度變薄,容易因高溫、高壓氣體之噴出而產生貫通孔之傾向。
如上所述,本實施形態中,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之安全閥5之方式附設橡膠成形體6,因此,即便鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,於橡膠成形體6亦不會因從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體而產生貫通孔,從而能夠抑制由高溫、高壓氣體之噴出所導致之延燒、燒毀。
上述實施形態中,被附設成覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之上表面並且覆蓋正面及背面之上部的絕緣片7及橡膠成形體6,如上所述,若被收納於包裝外殼,則覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之正面及背面的橡膠成形體6被包裝外殼之內壁面擠壓,藉此保持橡膠成形體6。
與此相對,本發明之另一實施形態中,如與上述圖3相對應之圖5所示,亦可藉由黏著帶8將橡膠成形體6固定於鋰離子二次電池胞1之包裝罐2。該圖5中,以跨及覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之片狀橡膠成形體6之正面側及背面側之各端部與鋰離子二次電池胞1之包裝罐2之方式,使黏著帶8捲繞貼合,藉此將橡膠成形體6固定於鋰離子二次電池胞1。
藉此,能夠抑制覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之絕緣片7及橡膠成形體6之位置偏移。
又,將絕緣片7及橡膠成形體6附設於鋰離子二次電池胞1時,可一面以鋰離子二次電池胞1之上表面與絕緣片7之間隙變小之方式施加張力,一面利用黏著帶8進行固定。
藉此,能夠使絕緣片7及橡膠成形體6密接於鋰離子二次電池胞1之上表面之安全閥5,從而能夠有效地抑制鋰離子二次電池發生熱失控,從安全閥5噴出之高溫、高壓氣體一下子擴散。
再者,橡膠成形體6具有橡膠彈性,因此,即便高壓氣體一下子從安全閥5噴出,亦能夠藉由膨脹來緩和其壓力。
作為黏著帶8,可應用聚醯亞胺膜上塗佈有丙烯酸系黏著劑、矽酮系黏著劑等者,其中,聚醯亞胺膜上塗佈有矽酮系黏著劑之黏著帶因耐熱性優異,故較佳。
圖6係本發明另一實施形態之與圖3相對應之立體圖,圖7係沿圖6之B-B線之剖視圖。
該實施形態中,於鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周面之整個面上被覆有導熱性優異之油灰狀組成物9。
隔著油灰狀組成物9,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之上表面、正面之上部、及背面之下部之方式附設絕緣片7及片狀橡膠成形體6。
藉由以此方式以導熱性優異之油灰狀組成物9被覆鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周面,即便鋰離子二次電池胞1發生熱失控而發熱,亦能夠高效率地使其熱量傳導至鋰離子二次電池胞1外而散熱,並且使整體之熱分佈均勻化。
油灰狀組成物9由於可被覆成追隨所要被覆之構件即鋰離子二次電池胞1的表面形狀,因此,能夠增大與為熱源之鋰離子二次電池胞1之接觸面積,從而能夠顯著提高散熱性。
被覆之油灰狀組成物9之厚度較佳為2 mm以上5 mm以下。
被覆有油灰狀組成物9之範圍,可如本實施形態般,為鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周面之整個面,亦可為一部分。較佳為鋰離子二次電池胞1之安全閥5之正上方。
即,較佳為鋰離子二次電池胞1之安全閥5之正上方積層有導熱性優異之油灰狀組成物9之層、及橡膠成形體6的態樣。
作為該導熱性優異之油灰狀組成物,較佳為下述(1)、(2)之組成物。
(1)一種組成物,其含有液狀聚合物、氫氧化鋁、及膨土,上述氫氧化鋁之含量相對於上述液狀聚合物100質量份,為150質量份以上1000質量份以下,且上述膨土之含量相對於上述液狀聚合物100質量份,為5質量份以上20質量份以下。
(2)一種組成物,其係含有基礎聚合物及導熱填料之導熱性油灰組成物,上述基礎聚合物包含具有羥基之液狀聚合物作為主成分,上述導熱填料之含量相對於上述基礎聚合物100質量份,為500質量份以上3000質量份以下。
此處,所謂「油灰狀」,係指依據JIS A5752:1994測得之針入量(測定溫度:23±3℃)為50 mm以上160 mm以下者。
又,所謂「液狀聚合物」,係指於常溫、常壓(25℃、1氣壓)呈液狀之聚合物。作為液狀聚合物,例如可列舉:液狀聚丁二烯、液狀聚異戊二烯、液狀聚丁烯、液狀乙烯丙烯共聚物等液狀聚烯烴;液狀矽酮;液狀丙烯酸;液狀胺酯等。液狀聚合物較佳包含此等中之1種或2種以上,更佳包含液狀聚烯烴。就防止燃燒時產生鹵氣之觀點而言,液狀聚合物較佳為分子中不含鹵素元素。
上述(1)之導熱性優異之油灰狀組成物之特性為:
(A)導熱度(W/m・K):1.5以上3.5以下
(B)柔軟度(針入量mm):50以上110以下。
上述(2)之導熱性優異之油灰狀組成物之特性為:
(A)導熱度(W/m・K):5.0以上16.0以下
(B)柔軟度(針入量mm):60以上160以下。
若以考慮到形狀追隨性之散熱性能(A)×(B)來看,
則上述(1)之散熱性能為150以上314以下,
上述(2)之散熱性能為390以上1036以下。
作為上述(2)之散熱性能優於上述(1)的理由之一,推測其原因在於具有羥基。
上述各實施形態係應用於1個鋰離子二次電池胞1,但本發明當然可應用於多個鋰離子二次電池胞1。
例如,如分別與上述圖2、圖3相對應之圖8、圖9所示,亦可以未圖示之匯流排連接多個、該例中為4個之鋰離子二次電池胞1而構成組電池,針對該組電池,以覆蓋各鋰離子二次電池胞1之各上表面並且分別覆蓋位於兩端之鋰離子二次電池胞1之正面上部及背面上部之方式,附設絕緣片7及片狀橡膠成形體6。
將以此方式附設有絕緣片7及橡膠成形體6之4個鋰離子二次電池胞1收納於圖10所示之例如樹脂製包裝外殼10而構成電池組11。
(另一實施形態)
上述實施形態中,橡膠成形體係以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之上表面並且覆蓋正面及背面之上部之方式構成,但亦可以覆蓋除鋰離子二次電池胞之導線部分以外之大致整個面之方式構成。於此情形時,可省略包裝外殼。
上述各實施形態中,橡膠成形體為片狀,但並不限於片狀,只要為至少能覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥之形狀即可,可為帶狀,或者亦可成形為能夠蓋住鋰離子二次電池胞上部之蓋狀。
於橡膠成形體為帶狀之情形時,可將帶狀橡膠成形體以覆蓋安全閥之方式捲繞於鋰離子二次電池胞,以上述黏著帶將帶狀橡膠成形體之端部貼合固定。
又,亦可例如以重疊半個間距之方式螺旋狀地捲繞帶狀橡膠成形體,並利用黏著帶固定其端部,以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之外周面之大致整個面。
亦可於橡膠成形體之單面之至少一部分,例如單面之周緣部形成黏著層,將橡膠成形體貼合固定於鋰離子二次電池胞。
上述各實施形態中,橡膠成形體隔著絕緣片附設於鋰離子二次電池胞之外周,但作為本發明之另一實施形態,亦可省略絕緣片。
上述各實施形態可適當組合,例如,可藉由上述圖5所示之黏著帶8,將隔著圖6之油灰狀組成物9覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞1之片狀橡膠成形體6貼合固定於油灰狀組成物9。
又,亦可用圖6、圖7所示之油灰狀組成物9被覆圖8〜圖10所示之多個鋰離子二次電池胞1之外周面之至少一部分。於此情形時,相鄰之兩個鋰離子二次電池胞1、1間可被覆有油灰狀組成物9,亦可不被覆有油灰狀組成物9。
上述各實施形態中,橡膠成形體係以覆蓋鋰離子二次電池胞之安全閥之方式附設,但亦可以覆蓋排氣孔來代替安全閥之方式附設。
上述各實施形態係應用於方型鋰離子二次電池胞,並對此進行了說明,但本發明當然亦可同樣地應用於圓筒型鋰離子二次電池胞。又,適用於能量密度大之鋰離子二次電池胞,具體而言,適用於能量密度為300 Wh/kg以上,更佳為400 Wh/kg以上之鋰離子二次電池胞。
1:鋰離子二次電池胞
2:包裝罐
3:正極端子
4:負極端子
5:安全閥
6:橡膠成形體
7:絕緣片
8:黏著帶
9:油灰狀組成物
10:包裝外殼
11:電池組
[圖1]係附設有本發明一實施形態之橡膠成形體之鋰離子二次電池胞的立體圖。
[圖2]係表示本發明一實施形態之橡膠成形體及鋰離子二次電池胞的立體圖。
[圖3]係附設有圖2之橡膠成形體之鋰離子二次電池胞的立體圖。
[圖4]係沿圖3之A-A線的剖視圖。
[圖5]係本發明另一實施形態之與圖3相對應的立體圖。
[圖6]係本發明又一實施形態之與圖3相對應的立體圖。
[圖7]係沿圖6之B-B線的剖視圖。
[圖8]係本發明另一實施形態之與圖2相對應的立體圖。
[圖9]係附設有圖8之橡膠成形體之鋰離子二次電池胞的立體圖。
[圖10]係本發明一實施形態之電池組的概略構成圖。
1:鋰離子二次電池胞
2:包裝罐
3:正極端子
4:負極端子
5:安全閥
6:橡膠成形體
7:絕緣片
8:黏著帶
Claims (9)
- 一種橡膠成形體,其附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋該安全閥或該排氣孔,依據JIS H7903:2008,利用單向熱流穩態比較法測得之導熱度(測定溫度:33℃)未達1.0W/m‧K,覆蓋該安全閥或該排氣孔之部分之厚度為0.3mm以上10.0mm以下,基於JIS K6253,利用A型硬度計測得之表面硬度為50以上90以下。
- 如請求項1之橡膠成形體,其中,該橡膠成形體之切斷時伸長率為80%以上500%以下。
- 一種橡膠成形體,其附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋該安全閥或該排氣孔,該橡膠成形體係使矽酮橡膠組成物成形硬化而成,該矽酮橡膠組成物相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,含有10質量份以上100質量份以下之粉末二氧化矽、10質量份以上50質量份以下之層狀矽酸鹽、0.5質量份以上20質量份以下之氧化鈦、及4.0質量份以上14.0質量份以下之硬化劑。
- 如請求項3之橡膠成形體,其中,該橡膠成形體之切斷時伸長率為80%以上500%以下。
- 一種橡膠成形體,其附設於具有安全閥或排氣孔之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞的外周而至少覆蓋該安全閥或該排氣孔,該橡膠成形體係使矽酮橡膠組成物成形硬化而成,該矽酮橡膠組成物相對於有機聚矽氧烷100質量份,含有10質量份以上100質量份以下之粉末二氧化矽、10質量份以上50質量份以下之層狀矽酸鹽、0.5質量份以上20質量份以下之氧化鈦、及4.0質量份以上14.0質量份以下之硬化劑,該橡膠成形體依據JIS H7903:2008,利用單向熱流穩態比較法測得之導熱 度(測定溫度:33℃)未達1.0W/m‧K,該橡膠成形體覆蓋該安全閥或該排氣孔的部分之厚度為0.3mm以上10.0mm以下,該橡膠成形體基於JIS K6253,利用A型硬度計測得之表面硬度為50以上90以下。
- 如請求項5之橡膠成形體,其中,該橡膠成形體之切斷時伸長率為80%以上500%以下。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之橡膠成形體,其中,該橡膠成形體之形狀為片狀、帶狀、或蓋狀。
- 一種電池組,其具備請求項1至7中任一項之該橡膠成形體附設於外周之1個以上之鋰離子二次電池胞。
- 如請求項8之電池組,其中,該鋰離子二次電池胞之外周面之至少一部分由具有導熱性之油灰狀組成物被覆。
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