TWI825744B - Cultivation method of mushroom and formula of culture solution for mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for culturing mushrooms includes placing a mushroom spawn medium on a first cultivation medium, adding the second cultivation medium to the first cultivation medium until the mushroom spawn medium is completely covered to form a culture unit, providing culture solution including zinc ion (Zn⁺) solution, chromium ion (Cr³⁺) solution, selenium (Se) solution and vitamin B12 solution, adding water and the culture solution to the culture unit until the humidity of the culture unit is between 70% and 80%, and spraying the culture solution to the culture unit once per two to three days until mushrooms are harvested from the culture unit.

Description

Mushroom cultivation method and mushroom culture medium formula

The present invention relates to mushroom cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a mushroom cultivation method and a formula of mushroom culture liquid.

Edible mushrooms have become a common food material for modern people. They have the characteristics of low calories and high nutritional value. They are rich in sugars, fiber, protein, vitamins and other nutrients, which are beneficial to human health. From affordable shiitake mushrooms, fungus, king oyster mushrooms, and enoki mushrooms to expensive Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Antrodia camphorata, etc., they are all edible mushrooms. In view of the various advantages of edible mushrooms, many countries around the world are currently actively developing this type of natural health food, and the market demand for edible mushrooms is also increasing.

Since mushrooms cannot perform photosynthesis, they need to absorb nutrients from the culture medium for growth and development. Carbon, nitrogen and trace elements are indispensable nutrients for the growth and development of mushrooms. The nutrients absorbed by mushrooms during their growth also give them high nutritional value. Therefore, how to cultivate edible mushrooms to increase the yield of edible mushrooms and enhance the nutritional value of edible mushrooms to improve market competitiveness has become one of the primary goals of mushroom farmers.

The invention provides a method for cultivating mushrooms and a formula of mushroom culture liquid, so as to Cultivate high-yielding mushrooms to increase the yield and nutritional value of edible mushrooms.

In some embodiments, a mushroom cultivation method includes: placing a strain medium in a first cultivation medium; adding a second cultivation medium to the first cultivation medium until the strain medium is completely covered to form a culture unit; providing a culture medium liquid, wherein the culture liquid includes zinc ion (Zn ⁺ ) solution, trivalent chromium ion (Cr ³⁺ ) solution, selenium (Se) solution and vitamin B12 solution; add water and culture liquid to the culture unit to make the first cultivation medium The humidity of the second cultivation medium is between 70% and 80%; and the culture solution is sprayed into the cultivation unit at a frequency of spraying every two to three days until the mushrooms are harvested.

In some embodiments, a mushroom culture solution formula includes: zinc ion (Zn ⁺ ) solution, trivalent chromium ion (Cr ³⁺ ) solution, selenium solution, vitamin B12 solution and a base solution.

By cultivating mushrooms through the mushroom cultivation method and mushroom culture solution formula of any embodiment, the number of mushroom harvests in the entire harvest cycle increases, and the yield of a single harvest is higher, which can significantly increase the overall yield. . Moreover, cultivating mushrooms through the mushroom cultivation method and the mushroom culture solution formula of any embodiment can help the mushrooms absorb nutrients required for growth, thereby increasing the nutritional value of edible mushrooms.

S100-S500: Steps

[Fig. 1] is a flow chart of a mushroom cultivation method in one embodiment.

[Figure 2] is a photo of the yield of Brazilian mushrooms in which no culture medium was added during the cultivation process.

[Figure 3] is a photo (1) of the yield of Brazilian mushroom after adding culture medium during the cultivation process.

[Figure 4] is a photo (2) of the yield of Brazilian mushroom after adding culture medium during the cultivation process.

In the description of the following embodiments, unless otherwise stated, the unit "%" used to express humidity refers to relative humidity, which refers to the partial pressure of water vapor contained in a unit volume of air and the saturated vapor pressure at the same temperature. percentage. The unit "%" used to express ingredient content refers to volume percentage. The unit "ppm" refers to the concentration of parts per million (abbreviated as ppm), that is, one milligram of solute in one liter of solution. The unit "ppb" refers to the concentration of parts per billion (abbreviated as ppb), which is one microgram of solute contained in one liter of solution.

See Figure 1. Place the bacterial culture medium in the first cultivation medium (step S100). Next, the second cultivation medium is added to the first cultivation medium until the strain medium is completely covered to form a culture unit (step S200).

Here, the compositions of the first cultivation medium and the second cultivation medium may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the first cultivation medium and the second cultivation medium may each include at least one of wood chips, corn cobs, lime, and calcium carbonate; in addition, the first cultivation medium and the second cultivation medium may each further include one or more nutrients. ingredients. Among them, the nutritional ingredients can be soybean flour, corn flour, rice bran or urea, etc.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the first cultivation medium is preferably 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm. The optimal thickness of the second cultivation medium is 3 cm to 3.5 cm, which is preferably able to completely cover the bacterial culture medium.

In some embodiments, the spawn medium includes a third cultivation medium and mushroom spores mixed into the third cultivation medium. Here, mushrooms can be edible mushrooms such as A. subrufescens , L. edodes, F. velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii and/or P. ostreatus . class. Here, the spores in the third cultivation medium can grow into mushrooms after being cultured.

In some embodiments, the third cultivation medium may include at least one of wood chips, corn cobs, lime, and calcium carbonate; in addition, the third cultivation medium may further include one or more nutrients. Among them, the nutrient components in the third cultivation medium can be soybean flour, corn flour, rice bran or urea.

In some embodiments, the culture medium is filled in a space bag. For example, the space bag is filled with a mixture of the third cultivation medium and mushroom spores. Moreover, before placing it on the first cultivation medium, an opening can be cut on the space bag filled with the bacterial culture medium, and then the space bag with the opening is placed on the first cultivation medium and covers the second cultivation medium. In this way, the bacterial culture medium provided in the space bag can absorb water and nutrients through the openings on the space bag, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the mushrooms and thereby improving the quality of the mushrooms. Moreover, the growth (expansion) speed of the mycelium grown from mushroom spores can also be controlled by adjusting the length of the cutting opening. Therefore, the mycelium in the space bag can grow into fruiting bodies at different times, so that the fruiting bodies can fully absorb nutrients, thus further improving the nutritional value of the mushrooms and further improving the quality of the mushrooms. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned type of bacterial culture medium. The bacterial culture medium can also be directly spread between the first cultivation medium and the second cultivation medium, instead of being filled in the space bag first and then placed as mentioned above. in the first cultivation medium. For example, a mixture of the third cultivation medium and mushroom spores is laid on the first cultivation medium, and then covered with the second cultivation medium.

See Figure 1 again. Provide culture medium. The culture solution includes zinc ion (Zn ⁺ ) solution, trivalent chromium ion (Cr ³⁺ ) solution, selenium (Se) solution and vitamin B12 solution (step S300). It should be understood that although step S300 is drawn to be executed after step S200 in FIG. 1 , this execution order is not a limitation of the present invention. In other words, it can be executed before step S400 according to the actual state, for example, executed before step S100, executed at the same time as step S100 or step S200, or executed between step S100 and step S200.

In some embodiments, the zinc ion solution may be a zinc ion solution containing 1 ppm to 3 ppm zinc ions prepared by adding zinc picolinate (C ₁₂ H ₈ N ₂ O ₄ Zn) to water, that is, zinc The ionic solution contains 1ppm to 3ppm zinc ions. The aforementioned trivalent chromium ion solution can be a chromium ion solution containing 1 ppm to 3 ppm trivalent chromium ions prepared by adding chromium picolinate (C ₁₈ H ₁₂ CrN ₃ O) to water, which means that it contains trivalent chromium ions. The solution contains 1ppm to 3ppm trivalent chromium ions. The aforementioned selenium solution may be a selenium solution containing 1 ppm to 3 ppm selenium prepared by adding selenium humate to water, which means that the selenium solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm selenium. The aforementioned vitamin B12 solution may be a vitamin B12 solution containing 1 ppm to 3 ppm of vitamin B12 prepared by adding commercially available vitamin B12 to alcohol, which means that the vitamin B12 solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm of vitamin B12.

It should be noted that the aforementioned raw materials such as zinc picolinate, chromium picolinate, selenium humate, and vitamin B12 are all commercially available, and the sources of these raw materials are not limitations of the present invention.

In addition, the preparation method of zinc ion solution, trivalent chromium ion solution, selenium solution, vitamin B12 solution and other solutions is not limited to the aforementioned configuration method. In other words, as long as a zinc ion solution containing 1ppm to 3ppm of zinc ions can be prepared, a zinc ion solution containing 1ppm to 3ppm of zinc ions can be prepared. A trivalent chromium ion solution containing 3 ppm of trivalent chromium ions, a selenium solution containing 1 ppm to 3 ppm of selenium, and a vitamin B12 solution containing 1 ppm to 3 ppm of vitamin B12 are sufficient.

In some embodiments, in the provided culture medium, the ratio of zinc ion solution, trivalent chromium ion solution, selenium solution and vitamin B12 solution is 1:1:1:1.

In some embodiments, the step of providing culture solution (step S300) includes: adding zinc ion solution, trivalent chromium ion solution, selenium solution, and vitamin B12 solution to the base solution to form a zinc ion containing 1 ppb to 3 ppb, A culture medium containing 1ppb to 3ppb of trivalent chromium ions, 1ppb to 3ppb of selenium and 1ppb to 3ppb of vitamin B12.

In other words, the added zinc ion solution contains zinc ions such that the zinc ion concentration in the resulting culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb. The added trivalent chromium ion solution contains trivalent chromium ions such that the trivalent chromium ion concentration in the resulting culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb. The added selenium solution contains selenium such that the selenium concentration in the resulting culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb. The added vitamin B12 solution contains vitamin B12 such that the concentration of vitamin B12 in the resulting culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb.

As mentioned above, by diluting the zinc ion solution, trivalent chromium ion solution, selenium solution and vitamin B12 solution, the culture medium contains trace amounts of zinc ions, trivalent chromium ions, selenium and vitamin B12. Therefore, the culture medium can provide zinc ions, trivalent chromium ions, selenium and vitamin B12 required for key enzymes (such as ligninase, cellulase, protease, etc.) in each growth stage of mushrooms. Chromium ions, selenium and vitamin B12 are not excessive enough to prevent mushrooms from absorbing the nutrients needed for growth.

In some embodiments, the base solution may include 0.95% glucose and 0.05% ammonium sulfate. Therefore, the base solution further contains carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) required for the growth of mushrooms.

See Figure 1 again. After the step of providing culture fluid (step S300), Add water and the culture solution obtained in step S300 to the culture unit so that the humidity of the culture unit is between 70% and 80% (step S400).

Then, after step S400, spray the culture solution obtained in step S300 to the culture unit at a frequency of spraying every two to three days until the mushrooms can be harvested (step S500). In order to continuously provide zinc ions, trivalent chromium ions, selenium and vitamin B12 required for key enzymes, and to maintain appropriate humidity in the mushroom bed, through the frequency of spraying in this step, the mushroom bed will not be overly humid and cause fruit body rot. situation. In some embodiments, step S500 is to spray the culture solution every two to three days with a spraying amount that can continuously maintain the humidity of the culture unit between 70% and 80% until the mushrooms are harvested.

In an example, for the application of cultivating Brazilian mushrooms, a control group and an experimental group are respectively set. The control group did not add culture fluid but only added water to the culture unit (i.e., step S400 did not add culture fluid), and only sprayed water but did not spray culture fluid to the culture unit every two to three days (i.e., step S500 did not spray culture fluid). ). The experimental group used the culture method of an embodiment to add culture medium and water to the culture unit during the culture process, and spray the culture liquid to the culture unit every two to three days. Here, the experimental group and the control group planted 1,000 bags of Brazilian mushroom space bags respectively, and on average every 31-32 bags of Brazilian mushrooms was one bed, for a total of 32 beds.

When ready for harvest, the Brazilian mushrooms grown for the first time in the control group and the experimental group were photographed and the harvested Brazilian mushrooms were measured to compare their yields. In addition, the growth and harvesting time required for one of the following "productions" (one harvest) is approximately 1 month.

As shown in Figure 2, the clusters of Brazilian mushrooms in the control group were sparse and the number of grown fruiting bodies was smaller, so the overall yield was lower.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the Brazilian mushrooms in the experimental group were more densely separated and grew into The number of fruiting bodies increased significantly. Moreover, the average total output of each package of Brazilian mushroom space bags in the experimental group was about 500 grams of Brazilian mushrooms. The overall yield of Brazilian mushrooms obtained by the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.

The control group can harvest three yields (three harvests) during the entire Brazilian mushroom harvesting cycle, which means that the growth and harvesting time of the control group is 3 months. During this harvesting cycle (three harvests), the control group The average total output of each package of Brazilian mushroom space package is about 200 grams of Brazilian mushrooms. The control group's 1,000 packages of Brazilian mushrooms produced a total of 200 kilograms in three harvests (an average of 66.6 kilograms in one harvest). The experimental group can harvest six yields (six harvests) during the entire Brazilian mushroom harvesting cycle, which means that the growth and harvesting time of the control group is 6 months. During this harvesting cycle (six harvests) , the experimental group’s 1,000 packs of Brazilian mushrooms produced a total of 500 kilograms in six harvests (the average of one harvest was 83.3 kilograms).

Therefore, in terms of the weight of the Brazilian mushrooms harvested in a single time, the single output of the experimental group (83.3 kg) was about 25% to 50% higher than the single output of the control group (66.6 kg), that is, the output increased by 1.25 times. . In terms of the weight of Brazilian mushrooms harvested in the complete harvest cycle, the yield of the experimental group (500 kg) was 100% to 150% higher than the yield of the control group (200 kg), that is, the yield increased by 2.5 times.

Therefore, applying the mushroom cultivation method of any embodiment to cultivate Brazilian mushrooms can increase the number of harvests of Brazilian mushrooms in the entire harvest cycle, and can also increase the yield of a single harvest, thereby significantly increasing the overall yield.

Although the technical content of the present invention has been disclosed above in the form of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any slight changes and modifications made by anyone skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. within the scope of the invention, therefore the protection scope of the present invention The scope shall be subject to the scope defined in the appended patent application.

S100-S500: Steps

Claims (11)

A method for cultivating mushrooms, including: placing a strain medium in a first cultivation medium; adding a second cultivation medium to the first cultivation medium until the strain medium is completely covered to form a culture unit; providing a culture medium solution, wherein the culture solution includes a zinc ion (Zn ⁺ ) solution, a trivalent chromium ion (Cr ³⁺ ) solution, a selenium (Se) solution and a vitamin B12 solution; add water and the culture solution to the culture unit Make the humidity of the culture unit between 70% and 80%; and spray the culture solution into the culture unit at a frequency of every two to three days until the mushroom is harvested. The culture method as described in claim 1, wherein the bacterial culture medium is filled in a space bag. The culture method of claim 1, wherein the strain medium includes a third cultivation medium and spores of the mushroom mixed into the third cultivation medium, and the mushroom is A. subrufescens. The culture method as described in claim 1, wherein the zinc ion solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm zinc ions, the trivalent chromium ion solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm trivalent chromium ions, and the selenium solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm Selenium and the vitamin B12 solution contain 1 ppm to 3 ppm of vitamin B12. The culture method as described in claim 4, wherein the ratio between the zinc ion solution, the trivalent chromium ion solution, the selenium solution and the vitamin B12 solution in the culture solution is 1:1:1:1. The culture method according to claim 1, wherein the step of providing the culture solution includes: adding the zinc ion solution, the trivalent chromium ion solution, the selenium solution, and the vitamin B12 solution to a base solution to form a base solution containing This culture solution contains 1 ppb to 3 ppb zinc ions, 1 ppb to 3 ppb trivalent chromium ions, 1 ppb to 3 ppb selenium, and 1 ppb to 3 ppb vitamin B12. The culture method as described in claim 6, wherein the base solution includes 0.95% glucose and 0.05% ammonium sulfate. A formula of a mushroom culture solution includes a zinc ion solution, a trivalent chromium ion solution, a selenium solution, a vitamin B12 solution and a base solution. The formula as described in claim 8, wherein the base solution includes 0.95% glucose and 0.05% ammonium sulfate. The formula as described in claim 8, wherein the zinc ion solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm zinc ions, the trivalent chromium ion solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm trivalent chromium ions, and the selenium solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm selenium. , and the vitamin B12 solution contains 1 ppm to 3 ppm of vitamin B12. The formula according to claim 10, wherein the zinc ion solution contains zinc ions such that the zinc ion concentration in the culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb, and the trivalent chromium ion solution contains trivalent chromium such that the zinc ion concentration in the culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb. Trivalent chromium ions with an ion concentration of 1ppb to 3ppb, the selenium solution contains selenium such that the selenium concentration in the culture medium is 1ppb to 3ppb, the vitamin The B12 solution contains vitamin B12 such that the concentration of vitamin B12 in the culture solution is 1 ppb to 3 ppb.