TWI825116B - 得自陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯的可酸性染色的彈性纖維 - Google Patents
得自陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯的可酸性染色的彈性纖維 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI825116B TWI825116B TW108123200A TW108123200A TWI825116B TW I825116 B TWI825116 B TW I825116B TW 108123200 A TW108123200 A TW 108123200A TW 108123200 A TW108123200 A TW 108123200A TW I825116 B TWI825116 B TW I825116B
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- polyurethane
- dialkyl
- elastic fibers
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- cationic polyurethane
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims description 38
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 16
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- -1 quaternary ammonium alkyl sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
提供含有彈性纖維及四級胺添加劑之組合物，其用於長絲、纖維及製品，該等在利用酸性染料染色時具有經改良水洗堅牢度。亦提供產生該等組合物之方法。
Description
本揭示內容係關於含有藉由聚胺基甲酸酯加成途徑併入之四級胺添加劑的彈性纖維及在利用酸性染料染色時具有經改良水洗堅牢度之彈性纖維、長絲及纖維以及自彈性纖維、長絲及/或纖維製得之製品。亦揭示產生彈性纖維之方法。
酸性染料容易獲得並且已知具有良好耐旋光性且易於應用。然而，當該等染料施加於彈性纖維時，可由於經染色纖維之水洗堅牢度不令人滿意而產生困難。此外，進行染色時之低pH可對染色設備產生腐蝕性並對某些纖維類型具有降解性。
因此，大多數具有競爭性彈性纖維產品包括三級胺添加劑。然而，該等添加劑導致較慢染色生產以及較低彩度良率。
美國專利3,294,752揭示由分段彈性體製得之紡織纖維及成型物品，當用酸性染料染色時該等分段彈性體具有經改良之可染性及水洗堅牢度。纖維及成型物品包含由至少85%分段聚胺基甲酸酯組成之長鏈合成彈性體，該分段聚胺基甲酸酯在彈性體鏈中含有0.05重量%至2重量%之四級氮，其中該分段聚胺基甲酸酯基本上由在聚合物鏈中交替之第一及第二鏈段組成，其中該第一鏈段由熔點低於60℃且分子量高於600之聚合物組成且第二鏈段由至少一個熔點高於200℃且在纖維形成分子量範圍中之聚合物重複單元組成。在此揭示內容中，四級氮反應性基團經由直接聚合併入分段聚胺基甲酸酯中。
然而，直接聚合商業上難以實施。
美國專利6,221,954揭示用於製備陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯組合物之四級銨化雙羥基烷基胺之製備及用途，該等陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯組合物經揭示可用於形成穩定膜、塗料組合物及作為聚胺基甲酸酯膜生產中之共反應物。
美國專利6,403,682揭示含有約3-100 meq四級胺官能性/kg彈性纖維之彈性纖維，其中該四級胺係選自由以下組成之群之添加劑：(a) 包含以下各項之反應產物的寡聚物：至少一種選自由以下組成之群之二異氰酸酯：1-異氰酸基-4-[(4-異氰酸基苯基)甲基]苯、1-異氰酸基-2-[(4-異氰酸基苯基)甲基]苯、4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基二異氰酸酯、5-異氰酸基-1-(異氰酸基甲基)-1,3,3-三甲基-環己烷、1,6-二異氰酸基己烷及雙(4-異氰酸基環己基)甲烷，及至少一種選自由以下組成之群之四級胺：N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇氯化銨及N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基硫酸銨，其中烷醇基團含有2-4個碳原子。所得彈性纖維經揭示具有經改良熱定型效率。
業內需要具有經改良水洗堅牢度之商業適應性可酸性染色的彈性纖維。
本發明係關於經由商業適應性製程自陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯製得之可酸性染色聚合物，其展現優良水洗堅牢度。
因此，本發明之態樣係關於包含彈性纖維及含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯之組合物。
本發明之另一態樣係關於在利用酸性染料染色時具有經改良之可染性及水洗堅牢度之長絲及纖維。纖維係自彈性纖維及含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯製得。
本發明之另一態樣係關於製品，其至少一部分包含包含彈性纖維及含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯之組合物或纖維。
本發明之仍另一態樣係關於在利用酸性染料染色時改良彈性纖維之可染性及水洗堅牢度之方法。該方法包含藉由聚胺基甲酸酯加成途徑將含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯添加至彈性纖維。
本發明係關於具有經改良酸性染料反應性及水洗堅牢度之商業上可生產之彈性纖維以及自產生彈性纖維之方法、自彈性纖維產生之長絲及纖維及製品，該製品之至少一部分包含此彈性纖維。
本文所用之術語「彈性纖維」在其一般意義上意指人造纖維，其中纖維形成物質係包含分段聚胺基甲酸酯及/或聚胺基甲酸酯脲之長鏈合成聚合物。彈性纖維組合物為業內所熟知且可包括許多變化形式，例如彼等揭示於Monroe Couper, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: 第III卷, High Technology Fibers Part A. Marcel Dekker, INC: 1985, 第51-85頁中者。
在本發明中，將陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯添加至彈性纖維聚合物用於改良酸性染料反應性及易於商業採用。在一個非限制性實施例中，陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨。在本發明之一個非限制性實施例中，將四級銨化烷基磺酸鹽聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物添加至彈性纖維。不受限於任何特定理論，據信根據本發明，四級銨部分之添加在具有聚醯胺之競爭性染料浴下增加染色速率動力學。
因此，本發明提供包含彈性纖維及含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯之組合物。
本發明亦提供在利用酸性染料染色時改良彈性纖維之可染性及水洗堅牢度之方法。方法包含將陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯添加至彈性纖維。在一個非限制性實施例中，陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨。在本發明之一個非限制性實施例中，將四級銨化烷基磺酸鹽聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物添加至彈性纖維。在一個非限制性實施例中，陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯係藉由聚胺基甲酸酯加成途徑來添加。
在一個非限制性實施例中，二甲基乙醇胺與環氧乙烷在具有稍過量甲烷磺酸之反應容器中反應，以產生具有以下結構式之N,N-雙(羥基乙基)N,N-二甲基四級銨甲烷磺酸鹽：。
此N,N-雙(羥基乙基) N,N-二甲基四級銨甲烷磺酸鹽亦可以商標名Variaquat 2MS自Evonik Corp. (Parsippany, NJ)市售購得。該等四級銨化銨鹽特別適用於製備聚胺基甲酸酯，此乃因其具有兩個活性氫原子，其可容易地與異氰酸酯基團反應以形成聚胺基甲酸酯。使用該等四級銨鹽，可藉由與聚異氰酸酯及額外多元醇反應直接製備陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯組合物。
本發明亦提供在利用酸性染料染色時具有經改良之可染性及水洗堅牢度之長絲及纖維，其係自彈性纖維及含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯製得。產生該等長絲及纖維之方法已為此項技術熟知且在本文中不需要詳細闡述。
另外，本發明提供製品，其至少一部分包含本發明之組合物、長絲或纖維。
在一個非限制性實施例中，製品係織物。
基於織物之重量，本發明之包含彈性纖維之織物可具有約0.5 重量%(wt. %)至約40 wt. %之彈性纖維含量。舉例而言，包含彈性纖維之圓型針織物可含有約2 wt. %至約25 wt. %彈性纖維，包含彈性纖維之襪子可含有約1 wt. %至約40 wt. %彈性纖維，包含彈性纖維之拉舍爾織物(raschel fabric)可含有約10 wt. %至約40 wt. %彈性纖維，且包含彈性纖維之翠可特經編針織物(warp knit tricot)可含有約14 wt. %至約22 wt. %彈性纖維。
本發明之彈性纖維或包含彈性纖維之織物可藉由慣用染色及印刷程序進行染色及印刷，例如自水性染料液藉由在60℃與100℃之間之溫度下之耗盡法、藉由用染料液填充包含彈性纖維之材料或藉由用染料液噴灑包含彈性纖維之材料。當使用酸性染料時可遵循習用方法。舉例而言，在耗盡染色方法中，可將織物引入pH介於3與9之間之水性染料浴，然後經約10-80分鐘之過程自約20℃之溫度穩定加熱至40-100℃範圍內之溫度。然後將染料浴及織物在40-100℃範圍內之溫度下保持10-60分鐘，然後冷卻。然後自織物沖洗未固定之染料。藉由在高於100℃之溫度下的最少暴露時間來最好地維持彈性纖維之拉伸及恢復性質。
彈性纖維或包含彈性纖維之織物在耗盡或壓染應用中利用以下各項染色時可獲得高得色量、色強度及勻染度：在酸性至弱鹼性條件下施加之非金屬化均染染料(相對分子質量250-950)、在酸性至弱鹼性條件下施加之含有金屬原子(例如鉻或鈷)之預先金屬化染料，以及在pH 4-9之酸性或中性至弱鹼性條件下施加之反應性染料。通常，本發明之彈性纖維可利用反應性染料染色，其習用地用於染色含有胺端基之聚醯胺或羊毛紗。
本文所引用之所有專利、專利申請案、測試程序、優先權文件、文章、出版物、手冊及其他文件在此類公開與本發明不矛盾且針對允許此併入之所有權限之程度上以引用的方式完全併入。
以下實例闡述本發明及其使用能力。本發明能夠實施其他及不同實施例，且其數個細節能夠在各個明顯方面做出修改，而不背離本發明之範圍及精神。因此，實例在性質上視為說明性而非限定性的。實例 實例 1
將二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(60.2克，isonate)、分子量為約2000之聚丁二醇(100克)及二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)溶劑(362克)置於反應容器中。將Variquat 2MS (45.3克)添加至攪拌的反應容器中並將反應混合物加熱至75℃並在該溫度下維持4-6小時。此時，反應產物黏度在40℃下為4100泊。利用混有Irganox 245抗氧化劑(1克)之過量丁醇終止反應，並冷卻至環境條件。實例 2
如下製備含有四級胺添加劑之彈性纖維。藉由將二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(「MDI」)及分子量為約1800之聚丁二醇以1.63之莫耳(「封端」)比率徹底混合來製備分段聚醚基聚胺基甲酸酯脲彈性體之溶液。將混合物在約80-90℃之溫度下維持約90-100分鐘。將所得包含異氰酸酯封端之聚醚二醇及未反應二異氰酸酯之混合物的「封端二醇」冷卻至50℃，並與DMAc混合，以提供含有約45%固體之溶液。然後，在劇烈混合的同時使封端二醇在約75℃之溫度下與DMAc溶液反應2-3分鐘，該DMAc溶液含有二乙胺鏈終止劑及乙二胺/2-甲基-1,5-二胺基戊烷鏈增長劑之90/10摻合物的混合物。所得聚合物溶液含有約35%固體且黏度在40℃下為約3,200泊。為紡絲，將以下成分充分混合並添加至聚合物溶液以提供所列示量之添加劑(表示為基於彈性纖維最終重量之重量%)：
(a) 1.2% Irganox 245，位阻酚抗氧化劑，
(b) 0.2%硬脂酸鎂，
(c) 0.6%聚矽氧油，
(d) 0.17%二氧化鈦作為去光劑
(e) 及若適用，實例1之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯之量(wt %，基於彈性纖維之量)如表中所列示。
然後將紡絲溶液習用地進行乾式紡紗以形成聚結18-長絲，235分特(decitex)紗。藉由接觸上膠輥施加器以4%添加量(基於長絲之重量)施加聚矽氧油整理潤滑劑至螺紋線。實例 3
將具有及不具有本發明添加劑之彈性纖維編織成100%織物並以20/80重量比與100%聚醯胺織物在相同浴中以三種色調(4%黑色、2%黑色及膚色)染色。染色後，將織物試樣乾燥並藉由比色計分析在競爭染料情況下之染料吸收。用色度計光譜分析儀根據色調亮度「L」值確定可染色性能。結果以CIELAB單位報告。主光源為D65。將經染色100%彈性纖維管狀織物之色調亮度「L」值與來自同一染料浴之經染色之包含商業彈性纖維的100%彈性纖維管狀織物及100%聚醯胺之色調亮度「L」值進行比較。
彈性纖維上之四級胺添加劑對具有聚醯胺之競爭性染料浴中之酸性染料反應性之效應顯示於表1中。表2亦顯示實例2之彈性纖維之織物的染色堅牢度始終較高。表 1 ：彈性纖維及聚醯胺織物試樣之 Lab 色值 表 2 100% 彈性纖維織物之水洗堅牢度等級
標度為1至5。
Claims (8)
- 一種組合物，其包含彈性纖維及包括N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯。
- 如請求項1之組合物，其中該陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯係四級銨化烷基磺酸鹽聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物。
- 一種長絲，其包含如請求項1或2之組合物。
- 一種纖維，其包含如請求項1或2之組合物。
- 一種織物製品，其至少一部分包含如請求項1或2之組合物或如請求項4之纖維。
- 一種改良彈性纖維之可染性及水洗堅牢度之方法，該方法包含將含有N,N-二烷基-N,N-二烷醇烷基磺酸銨之陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯添加至分段聚胺基甲酸酯。
- 如請求項6之方法，其中該陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯係藉由聚胺基甲酸酯加成途徑添加。
- 如請求項6之方法，其中該陽離子聚胺基甲酸酯係四級銨化烷基磺酸鹽聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物。
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| US3994881A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1976-11-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Spandex process and product based on tetra-halogenated diisocyanates and diamines |
| US4798880A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-01-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Spandex formed with a mixture of diamines |
| ES2143096T3 (es) | 1991-11-01 | 2000-05-01 | Witco Corp | Composiciones de poliuretano cationico, de sales de amonio cuaternario y procedimientos para su preparacion. |
| US6339125B1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-01-15 | Crompton Corporation | Cationic polyurethane dispersion and composition containing same |
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| KR101219986B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-01-08 | 주식회사 효성 | 멀티필라멘트 탄성섬유의 필라멘트간 접착력이 우수한 폴리우레탄 섬유 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN105420843B (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2017-08-11 | 浙江华峰氨纶股份有限公司 | 一种易染聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法 |
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| GB1145200A (en) * | 1966-06-22 | 1969-03-12 | Bayer Ag | Microporous polyurethane sheet structures |
| CN1522318A (zh) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-08-18 | �Ű˾ | 含有季胺添加剂的弹力纤维 |
| JP2010236150A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co Ltd | ポリウレタン系弾性繊維およびその製造方法 |
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