TWI789783B - High-efficiency dual-sided llc resonant wireless charger for electric vehicles - Google Patents
High-efficiency dual-sided llc resonant wireless charger for electric vehicles Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關於一種電動運具高效率雙側LLC共振無線充電器，尤其是指一種不僅具有低成本、高效率的特性，同時也能有效地縮短電動運具蓄電池儲能系統所需的充電時間，且能增加蓄電池的充電效率、加快充電速度，令其最高充電效率將可高於94%以上，並可延長蓄電池的使用壽命，而在其整體施行使用上更增實用功效特性者。 The present invention relates to a high-efficiency double-sided LLC resonant wireless charger for electric vehicles, in particular to a battery that not only has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, but also can effectively shorten the charging time required for the battery energy storage system of electric vehicles. Time, and can increase the charging efficiency of the battery, speed up the charging speed, so that its maximum charging efficiency will be higher than 94%, and can prolong the service life of the battery, and it has more practical features in its overall implementation and use.
按，國際上有許多國家已紛紛訂定禁售燃油車期程，挪威將在2025年禁售燃油車，德國和荷蘭也將於2030年禁售燃油車，除了加碼補助民眾購買電動車，更給予電動車免貨物稅、減免道路規費、減免停車費等優惠；荷蘭甚至從今年開始，祭出12年以上高碳排燃油車的汽油稅稅率每年增加1%的規定，提高民眾換購電動車的誘因；而擁有將近兩億台機車的印度，也預計在2026年禁售 燃油機車與三輪車。空汙治理是全台灣最有共識的議題之一，沒有人應該是空汙的受害者；所以，運具電動化已成為全球交通運輸唯一的綠色指標。 By the way, many countries in the world have set plans to ban the sale of fuel vehicles. Norway will ban the sale of fuel vehicles in 2025, and Germany and the Netherlands will also ban the sale of fuel vehicles in 2030. In addition to increasing subsidies for people to buy electric vehicles, there is also Exemption of goods tax, reduction of road tolls, reduction of parking fees and other incentives for electric vehicles; the Netherlands has even introduced a 1% annual increase in the gasoline tax rate for fuel vehicles with high carbon emissions for more than 12 years starting this year, to increase the number of people who want to buy electric vehicles and India, which has nearly 200 million locomotives, is also expected to ban sales in 2026 Fuel locomotives and tricycles. Air pollution control is one of the most common issues in Taiwan, and no one should be a victim of air pollution; therefore, electrification of vehicles has become the only green indicator of global transportation.
隨著各國家政府相關部門的大力支持，電動運具發展的速度將會越來越快，在很多國家城市都已經可以看到很多的電動運具在出售或者出租，由於新的電動運具由於只用電，在行駛時所需的電費是同功率汽車燃料費的一小部份而已，因此其能量轉換效率較高，這是電動運具所具有的巨大優勢也是吸引大家的一大亮點；交通運具的進展隨著動力傳動系統從內燃引擎向電動馬達發展，運具產業正在經歷史上最大的變化時期之一，雖然現代的電動運具續航里程方面的技術進展顯著，但對於採用的最大障礙之一是消費者擔心受困於電池沒電。為應對此心理挑戰，大多數電動運具生產製造商都努力致力於讓電池的儲電量變得更大、電動運具有更高的電器特性，但隨著科技的日新月益，亦有其他相關技術開始嶄露頭角；其中，就對電動運具提供無線充電的能力而言，其能使蓄電池儲能系統能在電動運具運行中且無需與電源相連接的情況下也能隨時為蓄電池儲能系統充滿電。 With the strong support of the relevant government departments of various countries, the development speed of electric vehicles will be faster and faster. In many countries and cities, a lot of electric vehicles can be seen for sale or lease. Due to the new electric vehicles due to Only electricity is used, and the electricity cost when driving is only a small part of the fuel cost of a car with the same power, so its energy conversion efficiency is relatively high, which is a huge advantage of electric vehicles and a highlight that attracts everyone; Advances in Transportation The transportation industry is going through one of the greatest periods of change in history as powertrains evolve from internal combustion engines to electric motors. One of the biggest hurdles is consumer fears of being stuck with a dead battery. To cope with this psychological challenge, most electric vehicle manufacturers are working hard to increase the storage capacity of the battery and make the electric vehicle have higher electrical characteristics. However, with the advancement of technology, there are other related issues. technologies are beginning to emerge; among them, the ability to provide wireless charging to electric vehicles, which would enable battery energy storage systems to charge the battery energy storage system at any time while the electric vehicle is full charge.
無線充電的基本原理就是利用交變電磁場的電磁感應實現能量的無線傳輸，其不需使用任何的線纜和插頭，使得充電設備機械原因導致的損壞或不安全操作即完全不存在了；而電動運具無線充電技術最主要的優勢主要表現在三個方面：(A)安全性高，不需 要拔插充電槍的過程，沒有電器設備接點磨損問題；(B)不受下雨飄雪天氣及極端環境的影響，沒有漏電使操作人員受到觸電的危險情況；(C)沒有插頭與插座接觸，不會產生電弧與火花，非常適合應用於暴露於粉塵與易燃氣體場所，故具有極高的可靠性。因此，與有線充電的相比之下，無線充電具有良好的便捷性，可以輕易的解決電動運具里程焦慮之問題。 The basic principle of wireless charging is to use the electromagnetic induction of the alternating electromagnetic field to realize the wireless transmission of energy. It does not need to use any cables and plugs, so that the mechanical damage or unsafe operation of the charging equipment does not exist at all; The main advantages of wireless charging technology for vehicles are mainly manifested in three aspects: (A) high safety, no need In the process of plugging and unplugging the charging gun, there is no problem of wear and tear on the contacts of electrical equipment; (B) it is not affected by rainy, snowy weather and extreme environments, and there is no danger of electric shock to the operator due to electric leakage; (C) there is no plug and socket Contact, will not produce arcs and sparks, very suitable for use in places exposed to dust and flammable gases, so it has extremely high reliability. Therefore, compared with wired charging, wireless charging has good convenience and can easily solve the problem of mileage anxiety of electric vehicles.
緣是，發明人有鑑於此，秉持多年該相關行業之豐富設計開發及實際製作經驗，針對現有之結構及缺失再予以研究改良，提供一種電動運具高效率雙側LLC共振無線充電器，以期達到更佳實用價值性之目的者。 The reason is that, in view of this, the inventor has been adhering to many years of rich experience in design, development and actual production in this related industry, and then researched and improved the existing structure and defects, and provided a high-efficiency double-sided LLC resonant wireless charger for electric vehicles, with a view to To achieve the purpose of better practical value.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種電動運具高效率雙側LLC共振無線充電器，主要係不僅具有低成本、高效率的特性，同時也能有效地縮短電動運具蓄電池儲能系統所需的充電時間，且能增加蓄電池的充電效率、加快充電速度，令其最高充電效率將可高於94%以上，並可延長蓄電池的使用壽命，而在其整體施行使用上更增實用功效特性者。 The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency double-sided LLC resonant wireless charger for electric vehicles, which not only has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, but also can effectively shorten the charging time required for the battery energy storage system of electric vehicles. Time, and can increase the charging efficiency of the battery, speed up the charging speed, so that its maximum charging efficiency will be higher than 94%, and can prolong the service life of the battery, and it has more practical features in its overall implementation and use.
1:無線充電器 1: Wireless charger
V dc :輸入電壓 V dc : input voltage
C:電容 C : Capacitance
S 1:第一開關 S 1 : first switch
S 2:第二開關 S 2 : second switch
S 3:第三開關 S 3 : the third switch
S 4:第四開關 S 4 : Fourth switch
C 1:一次側電容 C 1 : primary side capacitance
L 1:一次側主電感 L 1 : primary side main inductance
l 1:一次側副電感 l 1 : primary side secondary inductance
C 2:二次側電容 C 2 : Secondary capacitor
L 2:二次側主電感 L 2 : Secondary side main inductance
l 2:二次側副電感 l 2 : Secondary side secondary inductance
d 1:第一二極體 d 1 : the first diode
d 2:第二二極體 d 2 : second diode
b 1:第一蓄電池 b 1 : the first storage battery
b 2:第二蓄電池 b 2 : Second battery
第一圖：本發明之電路圖 The first figure: the circuit diagram of the present invention
第二圖：本發明之主要元件時序波形圖 The second figure: the timing waveform diagram of the main components of the present invention
第三圖：本發明之工作模式I等效線性電路圖 The third figure: the working mode I equivalent linear circuit diagram of the present invention
第四圖：本發明之工作模式Ⅱ等效線性電路圖 Figure 4: Equivalent linear circuit diagram of working mode II of the present invention
第五圖：本發明之工作模式Ⅲ等效線性電路圖 Figure 5: Equivalent linear circuit diagram of working mode III of the present invention
第六圖：本發明之工作模式Ⅳ等效線性電路圖 Figure 6: Equivalent linear circuit diagram of working mode IV of the present invention
第七圖：本發明之工作模式V等效線性電路圖 The seventh figure: the working mode V equivalent linear circuit diagram of the present invention
第八圖：本發明之工作模式Ⅵ等效線性電路圖 Figure 8: Equivalent linear circuit diagram of working mode VI of the present invention
第九圖：本發明之模擬等效電路圖 The ninth figure: the analog equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention
第十圖：本發明之輸入電壓Vdc與輸入電流idc實測波形圖 Figure 10: The measured waveform diagram of input voltage V dc and input current i dc of the present invention
第十一圖：本發明之輸入電壓Vdc與電容電流ic實測波形圖 The eleventh figure: the input voltage V dc and the capacitive current i c measured waveform diagram of the present invention
第十二圖：本發明之輸入電壓Vdc與開關電流ic實測波形圖 The twelfth figure: the input voltage V dc and the switching current ic measured wave form of the present invention
第十三圖：本發明之驅動電路vgs1、vgs2與開關跨壓vds1、vds2實測波形圖 Figure 13: The actual measurement waveform diagram of the drive circuit v gs1 , v gs2 and the switch voltage v ds1 , v ds2 of the present invention
第十四圖：本發明之驅動電路vgs3、vgs4與開關跨壓vds3、Vds4實測波形圖 Figure 14: The measured waveform diagram of the drive circuit v gs3 , v gs4 and the switch voltage v ds3 , V ds4 of the present invention
第十五圖：本發明之開關跨壓vds1、vds2與開關電流ids1、ids2實測波形圖 Fig. 15: Waveform diagram of actual measurement of switch voltage v ds1 , v ds2 and switch current i ds1 , i ds2 of the present invention
第十六圖：本發明之開關跨壓vds3、vds4與開關電流ids3、ids4實測波形圖 Figure 16: Waveform diagram of actual measurement of switch voltage v ds3 , v ds4 and switch current i ds3 , i ds4 of the present invention
第十七圖：本發明之一次側電容電壓vc1與一次側電容電流ic1實測波形圖 Figure 17: The measured waveform diagram of primary side capacitor voltage v c1 and primary side capacitor current i c1 of the present invention
第十八圖：本發明之一次側副電感電壓v11與一次側電感電流ic1實測波形圖 Figure 18: The measured waveform diagram of primary side secondary inductance voltage v 11 and primary side inductive current i c1 of the present invention
第十九圖：本發明之一次側電感電壓vL1與一次側電感電流ic1實測波形圖 Figure 19: The measured waveform diagram of primary side inductive voltage v L1 and primary side inductive current i c1 of the present invention
第二十圖：本發明之一次側共振槽電壓vx與電感電流ic1實測波形圖 Figure 20: The measured waveform diagram of primary side resonant tank voltage v x and inductor current i c1 of the present invention
第二十一圖：本發明之二次側電容電壓vc2與二次側電容電流ic2實測波形圖 Figure 21: The measured waveform diagram of the secondary side capacitor voltage v c2 and the secondary side capacitor current i c2 of the present invention
第二十二圖：本發明之二次側電感電壓vL2與二次側電感電流ic2實測波形圖 Figure 22: The measured waveform diagram of the secondary side inductor voltage v L2 and the secondary side inductor current i c2 of the present invention
第二十三圖：本發明之二次側副電感電壓v12與二次側副電感電流ic2實測波形圖 Figure 23: The measured waveform diagram of secondary side secondary inductor voltage v 12 and secondary side secondary inductor current i c2 of the present invention
第二十四圖：本發明之二次側共振槽電壓vz與電感電流ic2實測波形圖 Figure 24: The measured waveform diagram of the secondary side resonant tank voltage v z and the inductor current i c2 of the present invention
第二十五圖：本發明之第一二極體電壓vd1與電感電流id1實測波形圖 Figure 25: The first diode body voltage v d1 and the inductor current i d1 measured waveform diagram of the present invention
第二十六圖：本發明之第二二極體電壓vd2與電感電流id2實測波形圖 The twenty-sixth figure: the measured waveform diagram of the second diode voltage v d2 and the inductor current i d2 of the present invention
第二十七圖：本發明之一次側共振槽電壓vx與二次側共振槽電壓vz實測波形圖 Figure 27: The measured waveform diagram of the primary side resonant tank voltage v x and the secondary side resonant tank voltage v z of the present invention
第二十八圖：本發明之第一蓄電池充電電壓vb1與充電電流id1實測波形圖 Figure 28: The measured waveform diagram of the charging voltage v b1 and charging current i d1 of the first storage battery of the present invention
第二十九圖：本發明之第二蓄電池充電電壓vb2與充電電流id2實測波形圖 The twenty-ninth figure: the second storage battery charging voltage v b2 and charging current i d2 measured waveform diagram of the present invention
第三十圖：本發明之二次側共振槽電流ic2與充電電流id1與充電電流id2實測波形圖 The thirtieth figure: the measured waveform diagram of the secondary side resonance tank current i c2 and the charging current i d1 and the charging current i d2 of the present invention
第三十一圖：本發明之總輸出電壓vb與輸出電壓vb1與輸出電壓vb2實測波形圖 Figure 31: The total output voltage v b and the output voltage v b1 and the output voltage v b2 of the present invention measured waveform diagram
第三十二圖：本發明之第一蓄電池b 1的充電電壓曲線圖 Figure 32: The charging voltage curve of the first storage battery b1 of the present invention
第三十三圖：本發明之第二蓄電池b 2的充電電壓曲線圖 Figure 33: The charging voltage curve of the second storage battery b2 of the present invention
第三十四圖：本發明之第一蓄電池b 1的充電電流曲線圖 Figure 34: The charging current curve of the first storage battery b1 of the present invention
第三十五圖：本發明之第二蓄電池b 2的充電電流曲線圖 Figure 35: the charging current curve of the second storage battery b2 of the present invention
第三十六圖：本發明之輸入電壓曲線圖 Figure 36: The input voltage curve of the present invention
第三十七圖：本發明之輸入電流曲線圖 Figure 37: The input current curve of the present invention
第三十八圖：本發明之第一蓄電池b 1的功率曲線圖 Figure 38: the power curve of the first storage battery b1 of the present invention
第三十九圖：本發明之第二蓄電池b 2的功率曲線圖 The thirty-ninth figure: the power curve of the second storage battery b2 of the present invention
第四十圖：本發明之輸入功率曲線圖 Figure 40: The input power curve of the present invention
第四十一圖：本發明之輸出功率曲線圖 Figure 41: The output power curve of the present invention
第四十二圖：本發明之轉換效率曲線圖 Figure 42: The conversion efficiency curve of the present invention
為令本發明所運用之技術內容、發明目的及其達成之功效有更完整且清楚的揭露，茲於下詳細說明之，並請一併參閱所揭之圖式及圖號：首先，請參閱第一圖本發明之電路圖所示，本發明之無線充電器(1)主要係於輸入電壓V dc 之正極分別連接電容C之第一端、第一開關S 1之第一端及第三開關S 3之第一端，該輸入電壓V dc 之負極分別連接該電容C之第二端、第四開關S 4之第二端及第二開關S 2之第二端，該第一開關S 1之第二端分別連接一次側電容C 1之第一端及該第四開關S 4之第一端，該第三開關S 3之第二端分別連接一次側主電感L 1之第二端及該第二開關S 2之第一端，該一次側電容C 1之第二端連接有一次側副電感l 1之第一端，該一次側副電感l 1之第二端連接該一次側主電感L 1之第一端，對應該一次側主電感L 1設有二次側主電感L 2，該二次側主電感L 2之第一端連接有二次側副電感l 2之第一端，該二次側副電感l 2之第二端連接二次側電容C 2之第一端，該二次側電容C 2之第二端分別連接第一二極體d 1之正極及第二二極體d 2之負極，該第一二極體d 1之負極連接第一蓄電池b 1之正極，該第二二極體d 2之正極連接第二蓄電池b 2之負極，該二次側電感L 2之第二端則分別與該第一蓄電池b 1之負極及該第二蓄電池b 2之正極相連 接。 In order to have a more complete and clear disclosure of the technical content used in the present invention, the purpose of the invention and the effects achieved, it will be described in detail below, and please refer to the disclosed drawings and figure numbers: first, please refer to As shown in the circuit diagram of the first figure of the present invention, the wireless charger (1) of the present invention is mainly connected to the positive pole of the input voltage V dc with the first terminal of the capacitor C , the first terminal of the first switch S1 and the third switch The first end of S3 , the negative pole of the input voltage V dc is respectively connected to the second end of the capacitor C , the second end of the fourth switch S4 and the second end of the second switch S2 , the first switch S1 The second end of the third switch S3 is respectively connected to the second end of the primary side main inductor L1 and the first end of the fourth switch S4 . The first end of the second switch S2 , the second end of the primary side capacitor C1 is connected to the first end of the primary side secondary inductance l1 , and the second end of the primary side secondary inductance l1 is connected to the primary side main The first end of the inductance L 1 is provided with a secondary side main inductance L 2 corresponding to the primary side main inductance L 1 , and the first end of the secondary side main inductance L 2 is connected to the first side of the secondary side auxiliary inductance L 2 end , the second end of the secondary side auxiliary inductance l2 is connected to the first end of the secondary side capacitor C2 , and the second end of the secondary side capacitor C2 is respectively connected to the positive pole of the first diode d1 and the second end The negative pole of the two diodes d2 , the negative pole of the first diode d1 is connected to the positive pole of the first battery b1 , the positive pole of the second diode d2 is connected to the negative pole of the second battery b2 , the secondary The second end of the side inductance L 2 is respectively connected to the negative pole of the first storage battery b 1 and the positive pole of the second storage battery b 2 .
請再一併參閱第二圖本發明之主要元件時序波形圖所示，而該無線充電器(1)在一完整操作週期中，其共振電流不論是在正半周或者負半周都會與各開關及各二極體相互輪流導通，來完成半周期的連續性，因此共可分為六種不同操作模式，如下所述： Please also refer to the timing waveform diagram of the main components of the present invention in the second figure, and the wireless charger (1) in a complete operation cycle, its resonant current will be connected with each switch and Each diode conducts in turn to complete the continuity of the half cycle, so it can be divided into six different operation modes, as follows:
1.工作模式I 1. Working mode I
請再一併參閱第三圖本發明之工作模式I等效線性電路圖所示，在t 0時區到t 1時區，該第一開關S 1、該第二開關S 2導通，一次側共振電流i a 由小於零轉為等於零狀態，一次側共振電流i a 為負電流，經LLC共振式轉換，該二次側共振電流i b 開始上升，此時二次側共振電流i b 流經第二二極體d 2持續維持小於零的狀態，而對第二蓄電池b 2進行充電，由第二二極體d 2流出回到二次側電容C 2，進入工作模式Ⅱ。 Please refer to the third figure in conjunction with the working mode I equivalent linear circuit diagram of the present invention. From the time zone t0 to the time zone t1 , the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are turned on, and the primary side resonance current i a turns from less than zero to equal to zero, the primary side resonance current i a is a negative current, after LLC resonance conversion, the secondary side resonance current i b starts to rise, at this time the secondary side resonance current i b flows through the second two The polar body d 2 keeps being less than zero, and the second storage battery b 2 is charged, and the electricity flows from the second polar body d 2 back to the secondary side capacitor C 2 , and enters the working mode II.
2.工作模式Ⅱ 2. Working mode Ⅱ
請再一併參閱第四圖本發明之工作模式Ⅱ等效線性電路圖所示，在t 1時區到t 2時區，該第一開關S 1、該第二開關S 2導通，一次側共振電流i a 轉為大於零狀態且持續上升，二次側共振電流i b 開始上升，此時二次側共振電流i b 為大於零的狀態，二次側共振電流i b 流經第一二極體d 1，再流進第一蓄電池b 1進行充電，之後流出到二次側主電感L 2，即進入工作模式Ⅲ。 Please also refer to the fourth figure, as shown in the equivalent linear circuit diagram of the working mode II of the present invention. From the time zone t1 to the time zone t2 , the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are turned on, and the primary side resonance current i a turns to a state greater than zero and continues to rise, and the secondary side resonance current i b starts to rise. At this time, the secondary side resonance current i b is in a state greater than zero, and the secondary side resonance current i b flows through the first diode d 1 , then flows into the first storage battery b 1 for charging, and then flows out to the secondary side main inductor L 2 , that is, enters working mode III.
3.工作模式Ⅲ 3. Working mode Ⅲ
請再一併參閱第五圖本發明之工作模式Ⅲ等效線性電路圖所示，在t 2時區到t 3時區，該第一開關S 1、該第二開關S 2持續導通，一次側共振電流i a 維持大於零狀態並開始下降，二次側共振電流i b 持續維持大於零的狀態並開始下降，二次側共振電流i b 流經第一二極體d 1，持續對第一蓄電池b 1進行充電，之後流出到二次側主電感L 2，進入工作模式Ⅳ。 Please also refer to the fifth figure, as shown in the equivalent linear circuit diagram of the working mode III of the present invention. From the time zone t2 to the time zone t3 , the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are continuously turned on, and the primary side resonance current i a maintains a state greater than zero and begins to decrease, the secondary side resonance current i b continues to maintain a state greater than zero and begins to decrease, the secondary side resonance current i b flows through the first diode d 1 , and continues to charge the first battery b 1 is charged, and then flows out to the secondary side main inductance L 2 , and enters working mode IV.
4.工作模式Ⅳ 4. Working mode Ⅳ
請再一併參閱第六圖本發明之工作模式Ⅳ等效線性電路圖所示，在t 3時區到t 4時區，該第一開關S 1、該第二開關S 2截止，該第三開關S 3、第四開關S 4導通，一次側共振電流i a 維持大於零狀態並下降到零，二次側共振電流i b 流經第一二極體d 1，而對第一蓄電池b 1進行充電，當二次側共振電流i b 開始下降至零，即進入工作模式V。 Please refer to Figure 6 again. As shown in the equivalent linear circuit diagram of working mode IV of the present invention, in time zone t3 to time zone t4 , the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are cut off, and the third switch S 3. The fourth switch S 4 is turned on, the primary side resonance current i a maintains a state greater than zero and drops to zero, and the secondary side resonance current i b flows through the first diode d 1 to charge the first storage battery b 1 , when the secondary side resonance current ib begins to drop to zero, it enters the working mode V.
5.工作模式V 5. Working mode V
請再一併參閱第七圖本發明之工作模式V等效線性電路圖所示，在t 4時區到t 5時區，該第三開關S 3、第四開關S 4導通，一次側共振電流i a 下降至負值，而二次側共振電流i b 下降至負值維持小於零的狀態，二次側共振電流i b 流經第二二極體d 2，而對第二蓄電池b 2進行充電，再由第二二極體d 2流出回到二次側電容C 2，即進入工作模式Ⅵ。 Please refer to the seventh figure together with the equivalent linear circuit diagram of the working mode V of the present invention. From the time zone t4 to the time zone t5 , the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 are turned on, and the primary side resonance current ia drops to a negative value, while the secondary side resonance current i b drops to a negative value and maintains a state less than zero, the secondary side resonance current i b flows through the second diode d 2 to charge the second storage battery b 2 , Then it flows out from the second diode d 2 and returns to the secondary side capacitor C 2 , that is, it enters the working mode VI.
6.工作模式Ⅵ 6. Working mode Ⅵ
請再一併參閱第八圖本發明之工作模式Ⅵ等效線性電路圖所示，在t 5時區到t 6時區，該第三開關S 3、第四開關S 4導通，一次側共振電流i a 維持負值狀態並開始上升，二次側共振電流i b 維持負值狀態並開始上升，此時二次側共振電流i b 流向第二二極體d 2，由第二二極體d 2流出回到二次側電容C 2，對第二蓄電池b 2進行充電，進入下一個週期。 Please also refer to the eighth figure, as shown in the equivalent linear circuit diagram of working mode VI of the present invention. From the time zone t5 to the time zone t6 , the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 are turned on, and the primary side resonance current ia Maintain a negative state and start to rise, and the secondary side resonance current i b maintains a negative state and starts to rise. At this time, the secondary side resonance current i b flows to the second diode d 2 and flows out from the second diode d 2 Go back to the secondary side capacitor C 2 to charge the second storage battery b 2 to enter the next cycle.
請參閱第九圖本發明之模擬等效電路圖所示，使用IsSpice模擬軟體對電路進行模擬，再將模擬波形圖與實際量測波形進行比對，發現到兩者之間有稍微的不同，是因為IsSpice模擬出來的波形圖比較理想化，而實際測量出來的波形圖會因為人為操作或者環境因素而出現誤差值，其都在可接受的範圍內。而其電路參數表如下，經由選擇適當的參數可以讓功率開關操作於柔性狀態，降低切換損失，而提高整體效率：
當輸入電壓為155V、輸入電流為13A時，請再一併參閱第十圖本發明之輸入電壓Vdc與輸入電流idc實測波形圖、第十一圖本發明之輸入電壓Vdc與電容電流ic實測波形圖、第十二圖本發明之輸入電壓Vdc與開關電流ic實測波形圖所示，上述各實際量測波形圖皆與模擬結果相當吻合；請再一併參閱第十三圖本發明之驅動電路vgs1、vgs2與開關跨壓vds1、vds2實測波形圖所示，其與模擬波形有些許誤差，主要是因為在實際測量過程中，二極體只要有電就會直接導通；請再一併參閱第十四圖本發明之驅動電路vgs3、vgs4與開關跨壓vds3、vds4實測波形圖、第十五圖本發明之開關跨壓vds1、vds2與開關電流ids1、ids2實測波形圖、第十六圖本發明之開關跨壓vds3、vds4與開關電流ids3、ids4實測波形圖、第十七圖本發明之一次側電容電壓vc1與一次側電容電流ic1實測波形圖所示，上述各實際量測波
形圖皆與模擬結果相當吻合；請再一併參閱第十八圖本發明之一次側副電感電壓v11與一次側電感電流ic1實測波形圖所示，其與模擬波形不相符合，原因在於實作上會有雜訊存在；請再一併參閱第十九圖本發明之一次側電感電壓vL1與一次側電感電流ic1實測波形圖、第二十圖本發明之一次側共振槽電壓vx與電感電流ic1實測波形圖、第二十一圖本發明之二次側電容電壓vc2與二次側電容電流ic2實測波形圖、第二十二圖本發明之二次側電感電壓vL2與二次側電感電流ic2實測波形圖、第二十三圖本發明之二次側副電感電壓v12與二次側副電感電流ic2實測波形圖、第二十四圖本發明之二次側共振槽電壓vz與電感電流ic2實測波形圖、第二十五圖本發明之第一二極體電壓vd1與電感電流id1實測波形圖、第二十六圖本發明之第二二極體電壓vd2與電感電流id2實測波形圖、第二十七圖本發明之一次側共振槽電壓vx與二次側共振槽電壓vz實測波形圖、第二十八圖本發明之第一蓄電池充電電壓vb1與充電電流id1實測波形圖、第二十九圖本發明之第二蓄電池充電電壓vb2與充電電流id2實測波形圖、第三十圖本發明之二次側共振槽電流ic2與充電電流id1與充電電流id2實測波形圖、第三十一圖本發明之總輸出電壓vb與輸出電壓vb1與輸出電壓vb2實測波形圖所示，上述各實際量測波形圖皆與模擬結果相當吻合。
When the input voltage is 155V and the input current is 13A, please refer to Figure 10 for the measured waveform diagram of input voltage V dc and input current i dc of the present invention, and Figure 11 for the input voltage V dc and capacitor current of the present invention The actual measurement waveform diagram of i c , the twelfth figure shows the input voltage V dc and the switching current i c actual measurement waveform diagram of the present invention, the above-mentioned actual measurement waveform diagrams are quite consistent with the simulation results; please refer to the thirteenth As shown in the actual measurement waveform diagram of the drive circuit v gs1 , v gs2 and the switch voltage v ds1 , v ds2 of the present invention, there is a slight error with the simulated waveform, mainly because in the actual measurement process, as long as the diode is powered, it will It will be directly turned on; please refer to Figure 14 for the drive circuit v gs3 and v gs4 of the present invention and the measured waveform diagram of the switch voltage v ds3 and v ds4 , and Figure 15 for the switch voltage v ds1 and v of the present invention ds2 and switch current i ds1 , i ds2 measured waveform diagram, Figure 16 switch cross-voltage v ds3 , v ds4 of the present invention and switch current i ds3 , i ds4 measured waveform diagram, figure 17 primary side capacitance of the present invention As shown in the actual measured waveforms of voltage v c1 and primary side capacitor current i c1 , the above actual measured waveforms are quite consistent with the simulation results; please refer to Figure 18 for the primary side secondary inductance voltage v 11 and the present invention As shown in the measured waveform of the primary side inductance current i c1 , it does not match the simulated waveform. The reason is that there will be noise in practice; please refer to Figure 19 for the primary side inductance voltage v L1 and The measured waveform diagram of primary side inductor current i c1 , the 20th graph of the present invention’s primary side resonance tank voltage v x and the inductor current i c1 measured waveform graph, the 21st graph of the present invention’s secondary side capacitor voltage v c2 and 2 The waveform diagram of the actual measurement of the secondary side capacitor current i c2 , Figure 22, the actual measurement waveform diagram of the secondary side inductor voltage v L2 and the secondary side inductor current i c2 of the present invention, and Figure 23, the secondary side secondary inductance of the present invention Measured waveform diagram of voltage v 12 and secondary side secondary inductor current i c2 , Figure 24 of the present invention, secondary side resonant tank voltage v z and inductor current i c2 measured waveform diagram, Figure 25, first embodiment of the
而將本發明之該無線充電器(1)使用了兩組共十顆REC14-12鉛酸蓄電池進行充電，以分別做為該第一蓄電池b 1與該第二蓄電池b 2，記錄其電壓變化曲線，配合電腦每15秒擷取一次 蓄電池電壓值。根據量測該第一蓄電池b 1與該第二蓄電池b 2的端電壓數據，從最低電壓充電到最高電壓、電流、功率、容量以及效率，請再一併參閱第三十二圖本發明之第一蓄電池b 1的充電電壓曲線圖、第三十三圖本發明之第二蓄電池b 2的充電電壓曲線圖、第三十四圖本發明之第一蓄電池b 1的充電電流曲線圖、第三十五圖本發明之第二蓄電池b 2的充電電流曲線圖、第三十六圖本發明之輸入電壓曲線圖、第三十七圖本發明之輸入電流曲線圖、第三十八圖本發明之第一蓄電池b1的功率曲線圖、第三十九圖本發明之第二蓄電池b 2的功率曲線圖、第四十圖本發明之輸入功率曲線圖、第四十一圖本發明之輸出功率曲線圖及第四十二圖本發明之轉換效率曲線圖所示，該無線充電器(1)之最高充電效率將可高於94%以上。 The wireless charger (1) of the present invention uses two groups of ten REC14-12 lead-acid batteries to charge them respectively as the first battery b 1 and the second battery b 2 , and record their voltage changes Curve, cooperate with the computer to capture the battery voltage value every 15 seconds. According to the measured terminal voltage data of the first storage battery b1 and the second storage battery b2 , charging from the lowest voltage to the highest voltage, current, power, capacity and efficiency, please refer to Figure 32 of the present invention The charging voltage curve diagram of the first storage battery b1 , the charging voltage curve diagram of the second storage battery b2 of the present invention in the thirty-third figure, the charging current curve diagram of the first storage battery b1 of the present invention in the thirty-fourth figure , and the charging current curve diagram of the first storage battery b1 of the present invention in Figure 33 The thirty-fifth figure is the charging current curve of the second storage battery b2 of the present invention, the thirty-sixth figure is the input voltage curve of the present invention, the thirty-seventh figure is the input current curve of the present invention, and the thirty-eighth figure The power curve of the first storage battery b1 of the invention, the power curve of the second storage battery b2 of the present invention in the thirty-ninth figure, the input power curve of the present invention in the fortieth figure, and the input power curve of the present invention in the forty-first figure As shown in the output power curve diagram and the conversion efficiency curve diagram in Figure 42 of the present invention, the maximum charging efficiency of the wireless charger (1) will be higher than 94%.
該無線充電器(1)主要係於發射端〔Transmitter〕與接收端〔Receiver〕分別使用一組改良型LLC共振式轉換器，於發射端另外繞製一獨立的一次側副電感l 1，同時也於接收端另外繞製一獨立的二次側副電感l 2，此兩個獨立的該一次側副電感l 1與該二次側副電感l 2並不參與發射端〔Transmitter〕與接收端〔Receiver〕的磁場耦合，為了避免影響發射端與接收端共振點的設計，該一次側副電感l 1電路參數的設計必須被設定在小於該一次側主電感L 1之0.15倍，同時該二次側副電感l 2電路參數的設計必須被設定在小於該二次側主電感L 2之0.15倍，使得該無線充電器(1)之最高充電效率將可高於94%以上。 The wireless charger (1) mainly uses a set of improved LLC resonant converters at the transmitting end [Transmitter] and the receiving end [Receiver] respectively, and an independent primary-side secondary inductance l 1 is wound at the transmitting end, and at the same time An independent secondary-side auxiliary inductance l 2 is also wound at the receiving end. The two independent primary-side auxiliary inductance l 1 and the secondary-side auxiliary inductance l 2 do not participate in the transmission end [Transmitter] and the receiving end 〔Receiver〕The magnetic field coupling, in order to avoid affecting the design of the resonance point of the transmitting end and the receiving end, the design of the circuit parameters of the secondary inductance l 1 of the primary side must be set to be less than 0.15 times of the main inductance L 1 of the primary side, and the two The design of the circuit parameters of the secondary side secondary inductance l 2 must be set to be less than 0.15 times of the secondary side main inductance L 2 , so that the maximum charging efficiency of the wireless charger (1) will be higher than 94%.
使得本發明在使用上，即能將無線充電器的能源發射端裝置於地面上，當電動運具停至定點時，由電動運具使用者〔或駕駛人〕去啟動充電控制器〔Charging Controller〕，無線充電器將產生高頻交變磁場，此高頻交變磁場將耦合至裝置於電動運具底盤處的接收線圈，高頻交變磁場將使接收線圈感應產生一交流電壓，經由接收端的LLC共振電路與整流電路所得到的直流電對電動運具的蓄電池儲能系統進行充電，待電動運具的蓄電池儲能系統完成充電後，將產生控制一信號促使充電控制器停止繼續充電的動作。 In use of the present invention, the energy transmitting end of the wireless charger can be installed on the ground, and when the electric vehicle stops at a fixed point, the user (or driver) of the electric vehicle starts the charging controller [Charging Controller] ], the wireless charger will generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, which will be coupled to the receiving coil installed on the chassis of the electric vehicle, and the high-frequency alternating magnetic field will induce the receiving coil to generate an AC voltage, which will be The direct current obtained by the LLC resonant circuit and the rectifier circuit at the end charges the battery energy storage system of the electric vehicle. After the battery energy storage system of the electric vehicle is fully charged, a control signal will be generated to prompt the charging controller to stop charging. .
藉由以上所述，本發明之使用實施說明可知，本發明與現有技術手段相較之下，本發明主要係不僅具有低成本、高效率的特性，同時也能有效地縮短電動運具蓄電池儲能系統所需的充電時間，且能增加蓄電池的充電效率、加快充電速度，令其最高充電效率將可高於94%以上，並可延長蓄電池的使用壽命，而在其整體施行使用上更增實用功效特性者。 From the above, the description of the use and implementation of the present invention shows that compared with the prior art means, the present invention not only has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, but also can effectively shorten the battery storage capacity of electric vehicles. The charging time required by the energy system can be increased, and the charging efficiency of the battery can be increased, and the charging speed can be accelerated, so that the highest charging efficiency can be higher than 94%, and the service life of the battery can be extended, and the overall implementation and use of the battery will increase. Practical features.
然而前述之實施例或圖式並非限定本發明之產品結構或使用方式，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者之適當變化或修飾，皆應視為不脫離本發明之專利範疇。 However, the aforementioned embodiments or drawings do not limit the product structure or usage of the present invention, and any appropriate changes or modifications by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field shall be considered as not departing from the patent scope of the present invention.
綜上所述，本發明實施例確能達到所預期之使用功效，又其所揭露之具體構造，不僅未曾見諸於同類產品中，亦未曾公開於申請前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求，爰依法提出發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜准專利，則實感德便。 To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention can indeed achieve the expected use effect, and the specific structure disclosed by it has not only never been seen in similar products, nor has it been disclosed before the application, and it has fully complied with the provisions of the Patent Law In accordance with the requirements, it is very convenient to file an application for a patent for invention in accordance with the law, and sincerely ask for the review and approval of the patent.
1:無線充電器 1: Wireless charger
V dc :輸入電壓 V dc : input voltage
C:電容 C : Capacitance
S 1:第一開關 S 1 : first switch
S 2:第二開關 S 2 : second switch
S 3:第三開關 S 3 : the third switch
S 4:第四開關 S 4 : Fourth switch
C 1:一次側電容 C 1 : primary side capacitance
L 1:一次側主電感 L 1 : primary side main inductance
l 1:一次側副電感 l 1 : primary side secondary inductance
C 2:二次側電容 C 2 : Secondary capacitor
L 2:二次側主電感 L 2 : Secondary side main inductance
l 2:二次側副電感 l 2 : Secondary side secondary inductance
d 1:第一二極體 d 1 : the first diode
d 2:第二二極體 d 2 : second diode
b 1:第一蓄電池 b 1 : the first storage battery
b 2:第二蓄電池 b 2 : Second battery
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TW202249387A (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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