TWI788877B - Engine starting device and saddled vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is an engine starting device capable of accurately stopping a reverse drive in a swingback control within a desired range. An engine starting device (100) includes an ACG starter motor (50), a crank angle sensor (40) that detects a rotational state of a crankshaft (C), a rotational speed calculation means (81) that calculates a rotational speed (Ne) of the crankshaft (C), and a control unit (80) that controls a drive and power generation of the ACG starter motor (50). The control unit (80) executes a swingback control that reversely drives the crankshaft (C) to a predetermined range when an engine (E) is started. The control unit (80) decreases an output of the ACG starter motor (50) when the rotational speed (Ne) exceeds a threshold value (Ne1) during the swingback control, and increases the output of the ACG starter motor (50) when the rotational speed (Ne) becomes less than or equal to the threshold value (Ne1) during the swingback control.

Description

Engine starters and straddle vehicles

The present invention relates to an engine starting device, in particular to an engine starting device that performs reverse swing control when the engine is started. The reverse swing control is to switch the crankshaft to forward rotation after the reverse rotation drive reaches a predetermined range.

Conventionally, there is a structure in which an ACG (Alternating Current Generator, alternator) starter motor is mounted on the crankshaft of the engine. The ACG starter motor is driven by electric power supplied from a battery and generates electricity in the driven state.

Patent Document 1 discloses the following engine starting device: when the engine is started, reverse swing control is performed by controlling the ACG starter motor, that is, after the crankshaft is driven in reverse to a predetermined range, it is switched to forward drive . [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Document]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-283010

(Problem to be solved by the invention)

However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, when stopping the reverse drive in the reverse swing control, the ACG starter motor stops when the rotation speed exceeds a predetermined value, and stops when the rotation speed is less than the predetermined value. Under the circumstances, it stops after a predetermined time, so it is constituted; but it still has room for improvement to the method that can stop correctly in the desired range.

The object of the present invention is to provide an engine starting device which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and make the reverse drive in the reverse swing control stop correctly within the desired range. (technical means to solve the problem)

In order to achieve the above object, the engine starting device (100) of the present invention is equipped with: an ACG starter motor (50), which drives the crankshaft (C) of the engine (E) to rotate in the forward direction or the reverse direction, and uses the above crank The rotational force of the shaft (C) generates electricity; the crank angle sensor (40), which detects the rotation state of the above crank shaft (C); and the control part (80), which uses the crank angle sensor (40) ) to calculate the rotational speed (Ne) of the above-mentioned crankshaft (C), and control the driving and power generation of the above-mentioned ACG starter motor (50); the first feature of the engine starter (100) is, The above-mentioned control part (80) executes reverse swing control when the above-mentioned engine (E) is started, that is, drives the above-mentioned crankshaft (C) to reverse to a predetermined range, and the above-mentioned control part (80) is in the above-mentioned reverse swing control When the rotation speed (Ne) exceeds a threshold value (Ne1), the output of the ACG starter motor (50) is reduced, and the ACG is started when the rotation speed (Ne) falls below a threshold value (Ne1) during the reverse swing control. The output of the motor (50) rises.

Moreover, the second characteristic of the present invention is that: the above-mentioned control part (80) drives the above-mentioned crankshaft (C) to the direction of forward rotation after the above-mentioned reverse swing control until the start of the above-mentioned engine (E) is completed, and the above-mentioned control part ( 80) If the above-mentioned rotation speed (Ne) exceeds the threshold value (Ne2) during the driving process in the above-mentioned forward rotation direction, stop the driving of the above-mentioned ACG starter motor (50), and if the above-mentioned driving process in the above-mentioned forward rotation direction The ACG starter motor (50) is driven when the rotation speed (Ne) is equal to or lower than a threshold value (Ne2).

Also, the third feature of the present invention is that the control unit (80) judges that the engine (E) has been started and stops the ACG when the rotation speed (Ne) exceeds the engine start completion threshold (Ne3). Drive of starter motor (50).

Furthermore, the fourth feature of the present invention is that detection of a predetermined range in which the reverse drive is stopped in the above-mentioned reverse swing control is performed by pushing back near the compression top dead center.

Also, the fifth feature of the present invention is that the above-mentioned crank angle sensor (40) includes a plurality of sensor elements, and the above-mentioned rotation speed calculation means (81) uses the above-mentioned plurality of sensor elements on the crankshaft ( C) During one rotation, the above-mentioned rotation speed (Ne) is calculated twice or more.

Furthermore, a sixth feature of the present invention is that the predetermined range in which the reverse drive is stopped in the above-mentioned reverse swing control is at a position slightly beyond the compression top dead center in the forward rotation direction.

Also, the seventh characteristic of the present invention is that it is a straddle type vehicle equipped with an engine starting device. (compared to the effect of previous technology)

According to the first feature, the engine starting device (100) includes: an ACG starter motor (50), which drives the crankshaft (C) of the engine (E) in the forward rotation direction or the reverse direction, and utilizes the crankshaft (C) power generation by the rotational force; the crank angle sensor (40), which detects the rotation state of the crankshaft (C); and the control unit (80), which uses the crank angle sensor (40) detected to calculate the rotation speed (Ne) of the crankshaft (C), and control the driving and power generation of the ACG starter motor (50); To the swing control, that is, to drive the crankshaft (C) reversely to a predetermined range, the control unit (80) is to make the ACG The output of the starter motor (50) is lowered, and the output of the ACG starter motor (50) is increased when the rotational speed (Ne) becomes lower than the threshold value (Ne1) during the reverse swing control. In the reverse drive of the swing control, the rotation speed of the ACG starter motor is used to switch the drive on and off, so that the ACG starter motor can be stopped correctly within the predetermined range.

According to the second feature, after the reverse swing control, the control unit (80) drives the crankshaft (C) in the forward rotation direction until the engine (E) is started, and the control unit (80) drives the crankshaft (C) to If the above-mentioned rotation speed (Ne) exceeds the threshold value (Ne2) during the driving process in the above-mentioned forward rotation direction, the driving of the above-mentioned ACG starter motor (50) is stopped, and if the above-mentioned rotation speed (Ne ) is below the threshold value (Ne2), the above-mentioned ACG starter motor (50) is driven. Therefore, in the unstable state of rotation at low-speed rotation where rotation fluctuation tends to be large, the ACG starter motor is used to support until the engine is completely started, thereby Realize reliable engine start.

According to the third feature, the control unit (80) determines that the start of the engine (E) is completed when the rotation speed (Ne) exceeds the engine start completion threshold (Ne3), and stops the ACG starter motor (50). Therefore, by monitoring the number of rotations, it is possible to confirm that the starting of the engine has been completed.

According to the fourth feature, the detection of the predetermined range in which the reverse drive is stopped in the above-mentioned reverse swing control is performed by pushing back near the compression top dead center, so that the detection accuracy of the predetermined range can be improved.

According to the fifth feature, the crank angle sensor (40) includes a plurality of sensor elements, and the rotation speed calculating means (81) rotates the crankshaft (C) once by using the plurality of sensor elements. During the period of , the above-mentioned rotational speed (Ne) is calculated more than twice. Therefore, finer control can be performed by performing the calculation of the rotational speed more than twice during the period of one revolution of the crankshaft.

According to the sixth feature, in the above-mentioned reverse swing control, the predetermined range for stopping the reverse drive is at a position slightly beyond the compression top dead center in the forward direction. Compress the top dead center, so that the starting performance of the engine is improved.

According to the seventh feature, the present invention is a straddle-type vehicle provided with an engine starter, and therefore a straddle-type vehicle provided with an engine starter excellent in engine startability can be obtained.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a left side view of a motorcycle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The two-wheel locomotive 1 is a scooter-type straddle vehicle, between the steering handle 3 and the seat cushion 22, a low pedal 24 for placing the rider's feet is provided.

At the front end of the vehicle body frame F, a head pipe F1 that rotatably pivotally supports a steering rod 28 is provided. The body frame F includes a main frame F2 extending rearward and downward from the head pipe F1, a pair of left and right underframes F3 extending from the lower end of the main frame F2 to the rear of the vehicle body, and a pair of left and right underframes F3 connected to the underframe F3 and extending rearward. Rear frame F4 extending above.

To the lower end of the steering rod 28 is fixed a bottom bridge 26 that supports the front fork 10 that rotatably pivotally supports the front wheel WF by the front wheel axle FS. A steering handle 3 extending in the vehicle width direction is fixed to an upper end portion of the steering rod 28 . The front and rear of the steering handle 3 are covered by the handle cover 5 supporting the instrument device. A front fender 9 covering the front wheel WF is attached to the front fork 10 .

A headlight 8 and a pair of left and right flashers 27 are supported between the center cover 6 disposed at the center in the vehicle width direction ahead of the steering rod 28 and the pair of left and right front side covers 7 in the vehicle width direction. A pedal wall 25 facing the rider's feet is connected to the rear of the vehicle body of the front side cover 7 .

The front and lower parts of the seat cushion 22 are covered by the seat cushion lower plate 23 , and the rear cover 20 covering the left and right sides of the rear frame F4 in the vehicle width direction is connected behind the seat cushion lower plate 23 . At the position of the rear end of the bottom frame F3, a unit-swing type power unit P that integrates the engine E and the transmission is pivotally supported in a swingable manner. The rear end of the power unit P is suspended from the rear frame F4 via the rear shock absorber 16, and the rear end of the power unit P is rotatably supported on the rear wheel WR by the rear wheel axle RS. An ACG starter motor 50 that functions as a generator and an engine is fixed to a crankshaft C of the engine E. As shown in FIG.

A central bracket 13 is installed at the bottom of the power unit P, and a kick starter 14 for the rider to start the power unit P with his feet is installed on the left side of the power unit P in the vehicle width direction. On the top of the power unit P, an air cleaner 19 is arranged.

On the right and left in the vehicle width direction of the low pedal 24, the undercover 11 covering the side and the bottom of the underframe F3 is connected. On the left side of the under cover 11 in the vehicle width direction, a side bracket 12 supported by the under frame F3 is disposed. In front of the air cleaner 19, a rear step 21 supported by the rear frame F4 is disposed. Behind the seat cushion 22, a rear grip 18 supported by the rear frame F4 is arranged, and at the rear end of the rear cover 20, a taillight device 17 is arranged. Below the tail light device 17, a rear fender 15 is disposed. An electronic control unit (ECU, Electronic Control Unit) 80 as an engine control device is disposed under the seat cushion 22 .

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the engine control device 100 . The crank angle which is the rotor position of the ACG starter motor 50 is detected by a U-phase sensor 40U, a V-phase sensor 40V, and a W-phase sensor 40W attached to the crank angle sensor 40 . The crank angle sensor 40 is also provided with a PCB sensor 40P for detecting a singular point. The PCB sensor 40P detects the singular point, so it can detect compression top dead center and exhaust top dead center.

Included in the ECU 80 are: a rotation speed calculation means 81, which calculates the rotation speed of the crankshaft C based on the output signal of the crank angle sensor 40; an ACG starter motor drive means 82, which controls the ACG starter motor 50; and forward rotation The reverse rotation judging unit 83 judges which state of the forward rotation and reverse rotation the ACG starter motor 50 is in. The electric power generated by the ACG starter motor 50 is returned to the battery B via the ECU 80 . An output signal of a start switch SW (switch) 92 is input to the ECU 80 . The ECU 80 controls the fuel injection device 90 and the ignition device 91 in addition to the ACG starter motor 50 .

The crank angle sensor 40 of this embodiment includes three sensor elements, and the rotation speed calculation means 81 uses the three sensor elements to perform calculations on the rotation speed Ne twice or more during one rotation of the crankshaft C. . Thereby, finer control can be performed on the change of the rotational speed Ne.

The ECU 80 of the present embodiment executes the reverse swing control when the engine E is started, that is, after the crankshaft C is reversely driven to a predetermined range, it switches to the forward rotation drive. Furthermore, it is characterized in that it is configured to alternately perform the following switching control when the rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft C exceeds the threshold value Ne1 during the reverse drive of the reverse swing control, and the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation (pulse width modulation) controls the driving load from 100% to 0%, and when the rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft C becomes below the threshold Ne1, switches the PWM-controlled driving load from 0% to 100%; and When pushback occurs due to the compression reaction force, the drive of the motor is terminated.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing transition of the rotational speed Ne of the crankshaft C during reverse drive of the reverse swing control. When the crank angle r=0, the reverse drive of the ACG starter motor 50 at a driving load of 100% is started. Next, when the crank angle is r1, the rotation speed Ne in the reverse direction exceeds the reverse upper limit set value Ne1 (for example, 600 rpm) as a threshold value. The reverse rotation upper limit setting value Ne1 is set such that the crankshaft C does not go beyond the compression top dead center due to the reverse rotation, for example.

When the rotation speed Ne exceeds the reverse upper limit set value Ne1, the ECU 80 switches the driving load from 100% to 0%. Therefore, the rotational speed Ne starts to decrease, and when the rotational speed Ne becomes equal to or less than the reverse upper limit set value Ne1, the driving load is switched from 0% to 100%. By repeating this, the ACG starter motor 50 can be continuously driven in the reverse direction substantially along the reverse upper limit set value Ne1 by simple control only corresponding to the output value of the crank angle sensor 40 . Furthermore, since the inertial force of the crankshaft C is large, control delay occurs, so that the rotation speed Ne during the reverse drive becomes a line graph along the reverse upper limit set value Ne1.

When the crank angle is r2, it is detected that the crankshaft C has reached a predetermined range slightly beyond the compression top dead center along the forward direction due to the generation of the pushback reaction force, and the reverse drive is stopped. Here, the thrust reaction force rapidly increased due to approaching the compression top dead center is generated when the ratio of the interval between the previous pulse and the current pulse of the crank angle sensor 40 is greater than a predetermined value. In the region where the pushback reaction force is generated, due to the relationship between the pushback reaction force and the reverse driving force, the crankshaft C does not move substantially, so the reading from the crank angle sensor 40 does not occur, and the crank angle sensor The ratio of the interval between the last pulse and the current pulse of the device 40 becomes greater than a predetermined value. Diagram A shown by a one-dot chain line shows a case where starting performance is deteriorated due to deterioration of the battery and ACG starter motor 50 , and diagram B shown by a two-dot chain line shows a case where the starting angle of reverse rotation is different.

Fig. 4 is a timing chart showing the reverse swing control flow of this embodiment. In this time chart, the rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft C, the drive instruction of the ACG starter motor 50 , and the motor load are shown sequentially from top to bottom. In this embodiment, by limiting the motor load to two modes of 100% or 0%, the motor control can be simplified, and the design burden and control burden can be reduced.

At time t=0, the driving instruction of the ACG starter motor 50 is "stop", and the rotation speed Ne is zero and the motor load is also zero. At time t1, corresponding to the ON operation of the start switch 92, the drive instruction is switched from "stop" to "reverse", and the motor load is switched to 100%.

At time t2, the rotation speed Ne in the reverse direction exceeds the reverse upper limit set value Ne1, so the motor load is switched to 0%. Next, at time t3, the rotation speed Ne becomes equal to or less than the reverse upper limit set value Ne1, so the motor load is switched to 100%.

At time t4, the drive instruction is switched from reverse to forward rotation, so the motor load is switched to 100% of the forward rotation direction. Thereafter, at time t5, the rotational speed Ne exceeds the engine start determination set value Ne3 (for example, 1000 rpm), so the motor drive is terminated.

Furthermore, switching control of the motor load between 100% and 0% during motor drive can be performed not only during reverse drive of reverse swing control, but also during forward drive after reverse drive. Thereby, in the unstable state of rotation at low-speed rotation in which rotation fluctuation tends to be large, the ACG starter motor supports until the engine is completely started, thereby realizing reliable engine start.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the engine start control routine of the present embodiment. In step S1, it is determined whether the starter switch 92 is turned on, and if it is determined in the affirmative, the process proceeds to step S2. If it is judged as negative in step S1, it returns to the judgment of step S1.

If it is judged in the affirmative in step S1, the starter relay is turned on in step S2. In step S3, the motor load for driving the ACG starter motor 50 in the reverse direction is set to 100%. In step S4, a motor reverse drive command is output.

In step S5, it is determined whether the rotation speed Ne (reverse Ne) exceeds the reverse upper limit set value Ne1, and if it is determined to be positive, the motor load is switched to 0% in step S6, on the other hand, if it is determined to be If negative, the motor load is maintained at 100% in step S7.

In step S8, it is determined whether a compressed top is detected. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the reverse rotation drive is terminated at a position slightly advanced in the forward rotation direction from the compression top dead center.

In step S9, forward rotation drive is started with a motor load of 100%. In step S10, a motor forward rotation drive command is output. In step S11, it is determined whether the rotation speed (forward rotation Ne) exceeds the forward rotation upper limit set value Ne2, if it is determined as positive, the motor load is switched to 0% in step S12, on the other hand, if it is determined as negative , then the motor load is maintained at 100% in step S13. Since the forward rotation upper limit setting value Ne2 must cross the compression top dead center during forward rotation driving, it can be set to a value equal to or slightly larger than the reverse rotation upper limit setting value Ne1 (for example, 600rpm).

Then, in step S14, it is determined whether the rotation speed (forward rotation Ne) exceeds the engine start determination set value Ne3 (for example, 1000rpm), if it is determined to be positive, then enter step S15 and the starting relay is closed, and end a series of control . On the other hand, if it is judged as negative in step S14, it will return to the judgment of step S11.

As described above, according to the engine control device 100 of the present embodiment, the ECU 80 executes the reverse swing control that reversely drives the crankshaft C to a predetermined range when the engine E is started. When Ne exceeds the threshold value Ne1, the driving of the ACG starter motor 50 is stopped (set to 0% load), and when the rotational speed Ne becomes lower than the threshold value Ne1 during the reverse swing control, the ACG starter motor 50 is driven (set to 100% load). load), therefore, the ACG starter motor 50 can be correctly stopped within a predetermined range by switching the drive on and off in accordance with the rotation speed of the ACG starter motor in the reverse drive of the reverse swing control.

Furthermore, the form of the motorcycle of the present invention, the form of the ACG starter motor, the form of the crank angle sensor, the upper limit setting value of the rotational speed, etc. are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and various changes can be made. Also, the engine starting device of the present invention is not limited to motorcycles, but can also be applied to straddle-type tricycles or four-wheel vehicles.

1: two-wheel locomotive 3: Steering handle 5: Handle cover 6: Central hood 7: Front side cover 8: headlight 9:Front fender 10: front fork 11: Bottom cover 12: side bracket 13: Central support 14: Kick starter 15: Rear fender 16: Rear shock absorber 17:Tail light device 18: Rear grip 19: Air cleaner 20: rear cover 21: Rear seat pedal 22: seat cushion 23: Seat cushion lower plate 24: low pedal 25: Pedal wall 26: bottom beam 27: Flash 28: steering rod 40: crank angle sensor 40P: PCB sensor 40U: U phase sensor 40V: V phase sensor 40W: W phase sensor 50: ACG starter motor 80: ECU (control unit) 81:Rotation speed computing means 82: ACG starter motor drive means 83: Forward and reverse rotation judging unit 90:Fuel injection device 91: Ignition device 92: Start switch 100: engine starting device B: battery C: crankshaft E: engine F: Body frame F1: Head tube F2: main frame F3: bottom frame F4: rear frame FS: front wheel axle Ne: rotation speed Ne1: reverse upper limit set value (threshold) Ne2: Forward rotation upper limit setting value (threshold value) Ne3: Engine start complete threshold P: power unit r1: crank angle r2: crank angle RS: Rear axle WF: front wheel WR: rear wheel

Fig. 1 is a left side view of a motorcycle as a straddle vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an engine control device. Fig. 3 is a graph showing transition of crankshaft rotation speed during reverse drive of reverse swing control. Fig. 4 is a timing chart showing the flow of reverse swing control in this embodiment. Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the engine start control routine of the present embodiment.

Ne: rotation speed

Ne1: reverse upper limit set value (threshold)

r1: crank angle

r2: crank angle

Claims (7)

An engine starting device, which has: ACG (Alternating Current Generator, alternator) starter motor (50), which drives the crankshaft (C) of the engine (E) to the forward rotation direction or the reverse direction, and uses the crank The rotational force of the shaft (C) generates electricity; the crank angle sensor (40), which detects the rotation state of the above crank shaft (C); and the control part (80), which uses the crank angle sensor (40) ) to calculate the rotational speed (Ne) of the above-mentioned crank shaft (C), and control the driving and power generation of the above-mentioned ACG starter motor (50); the engine starting device (100) is characterized in that: the above-mentioned control The part (80) executes reverse swing control when the above-mentioned engine (E) starts, that is, drives the above-mentioned crankshaft (C) to reverse to a predetermined range, and the above-mentioned control part (80) is in the above-mentioned reverse swing control if the above-mentioned When the rotation speed (Ne) exceeds the threshold value (Ne1), the output of the ACG starter motor (50) is reduced, and when the rotation speed (Ne) becomes lower than the threshold value (Ne1) during the reverse swing control, the ACG starter motor The output of (50) rises. The engine starting device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit (80) drives the crankshaft (C) in the forward direction after the reverse swing control until the engine (E) is started, the control unit (80) If the rotation speed (Ne) exceeds the threshold value (Ne2) during the driving process in the forward rotation direction, stop the driving of the ACG starter motor (50), and during the driving process in the forward rotation direction The ACG starter motor (50) is driven when the rotation speed (Ne) is equal to or less than a threshold value (Ne2). The engine starting device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit (80) determines that the engine (E) Complete the start and stop the drive of the above-mentioned ACG starter motor (50). The engine starting device according to claim 3, wherein detection of a predetermined range in which the reverse drive is stopped in the reverse swing control is performed by pushing back near the compression top dead center. Such as the engine starting device of claim 4, wherein the above-mentioned crank angle sensor (40) includes a plurality of sensor elements, the above-mentioned control part (80) includes a rotation speed calculation means (81), and the above-mentioned rotation speed calculation means (81) Computing the rotation speed (Ne) twice or more during one rotation of the crankshaft (C) using the plurality of sensor elements. The engine starting device according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined range in which the reverse drive is stopped in the reverse swing control is a position slightly beyond the compression top dead center in the forward rotation direction. A straddle vehicle equipped with the engine starting device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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