TWI786239B - 將二異丁烯直接轉化為羧酸的方法 - Google Patents

將二異丁烯直接轉化為羧酸的方法 Download PDF

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TWI786239B
TWI786239B TW107145581A TW107145581A TWI786239B TW I786239 B TWI786239 B TW I786239B TW 107145581 A TW107145581 A TW 107145581A TW 107145581 A TW107145581 A TW 107145581A TW I786239 B TWI786239 B TW I786239B
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彼得 庫米伊克
董開武
雷夫 傑克斯泰爾
馬席爾斯 貝勒
羅柏特 法蘭克
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Abstract

將二異丁烯直接轉化為羧酸的方法。

Description

將二異丁烯直接轉化為羧酸的方法
本發明關於將二異丁烯直接轉化為羧酸的方法。
羧酸係用於製備聚合物、藥品、溶劑及食品添加劑。獲致羧酸的途徑通常包括:烴、醇或醛的氧化,藉由臭氧分解(ozonolysis)之烯烴的氧化斷裂(oxidative cleavage),三酸甘油酯、腈、酯或醯胺的水解,格任亞(Grignard)或有機鋰試劑之羧化(carboxylation),以及甲基酮類(methyl ketones)在鹵仿反應(haloform reaction)中之鹵化(halogenation)及隨後的水解。
本發明之目的係提供可將二異丁烯(DIBN)直接轉化為羧酸的方法。 本案之文中,“直接轉化(direct conversion)”係意指反應於一步驟中發生,即,毋需分離或後處理(work-up)或類似中間產物。 這並不排除在反應過程中形成中間物其係繼續直接轉化。 藉由如申請專利範圍第1項之方法達成目的。 方法係包括下列方法步驟: a) 添加二異丁烯; b) 添加複合物(complex),其包含通式(I)化合物以及Pd、 或根據通式(I)之化合物及包含Pd之物質
Figure 02_image001
其中 R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 係各自獨立地選自-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、 -(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-雜環烷基、-(C6 -C20 )-芳基、 -(C3 -C20 )-雜芳基; R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 基團中之至少一者為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基; 以及 R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 ,若彼等為-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-雜環烷基、-(C6 -C20 )-芳基、-(C3 -C20 )-雜芳基或-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基, 則可各自獨立地經選自下列之一或更多取代基所取代: -(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-雜環烷基、-O-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-O-(C1 -C12 )-烷基-(C6 -C20 )-芳基、 -O-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-S-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-S-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-COO-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-COO-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、 -CONH-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-CONH-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、 -CO-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-CO-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-N-[(C1 -C12 )-烷基]2 、-(C6 -C20 )-芳基、-(C6 -C20 )-芳基-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、 -(C6 -C20 )-芳基-O-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C20 )-雜芳基、 -(C3 -C20 )-雜芳基-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C20 )-雜芳基-O-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-COOH、-OH、-SO3 H、-NH2 、鹵素; c) 饋入CO; d) 加熱反應混合物以使二異丁烯轉化為羧酸, 其中,二異丁烯係直接轉化為羧酸。 在該方法之一變化方案中,R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 基團中之至少兩者為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基。 在該方法之一變化方案中,R1 及R3 基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基。 在該方法之一變化方案中,R1 及R3 基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基; R2 為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基或係選自-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-雜環烷基、 -(C6 -C20 )-芳基; 以及R4 係選自-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、 -(C3 -C12 )-雜環烷基、-(C6 -C20 )-芳基。 在該方法之一變化方案中,R1 及R3 基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基; 以及R2 及R4 係選自-(C1 -C12 )-烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-環烷基、-(C3 -C12 )-雜環烷基、-(C6 -C20 )-芳基。 在該方法之一變化方案中,R1 及R3 基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6 -C20 )-雜芳基; 以及R2 及R4 為-(C1 -C12 )-烷基。 在該方法之一變化方案中,R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 ,若彼等為雜芳基,則係各自獨立地選自吡啶基(pyridyl)、嗒
Figure 107145581-A0304-12-01
基(pyridazinyl)、嘧啶基(pyrimidyl)、吡
Figure 107145581-A0304-12-01
基(pyrazinyl)、苯并呋喃基(benzofuranyl)、吲哚基(indolyl)、異吲哚基(isoindolyl)、苯并咪唑基(benzimidazolyl)、喹啉基(quinolyl)、異喹啉基(isoquinolyl)。 在該方法之一變化方案中,化合物(I)具有結構(1):
Figure 02_image003
在該方法之一變化方案中,方法步驟b)中的物質係選自: PdCl2 、PdBr2 、Pd(acac)2 、Pd(dba)2 (dba=二亞苄丙酮(dibenzylideneacetone))、PdCl2 (CH3 CN)2 。 在該方法之一變化方案中,方法步驟b)中的物質為Pd(acac)2 。 在該方法之一變化方案中,該方法包括另外的方法步驟e): e) 添加乙酸。 在該方法之一變化方案中,該方法包括另外的方法步驟f): f) 添加水。 在該方法之一變化方案中,該方法包括另外的方法步驟g): g) 添加對甲苯磺酸(p-toluenesulfonic acid) (PTSA)。 在該方法之一變化方案中,方法步驟d)中,該反應混合物係加熱至80℃至160℃範圍之溫度。 在該方法之一較佳變化方案中,方法步驟d)中,該反應混合物係加熱至100℃至140℃範圍之溫度。 在該方法之一變化方案中,於方法步驟c)中饋入CO,使反應在20巴(bar)至60巴範圍之CO壓力下進行。 在該方法之一較佳變化方案中,於方法步驟c)中饋入CO,使反應在30巴至50巴範圍之CO壓力下進行。 在該方法之一變化方案中,二異丁烯轉化為化合物P1
Figure 02_image005
藉由以下實施例更詳細闡述本發明。
Figure 02_image007
在4 ml之瓶中裝入[Pd(acac)2 ] (3.05 mg,0.25 mol%)、配體(ligand) (X ) (20.64 mg,1.0 mol%)、對甲苯磺酸(28.5 mg,3.75 mol%)以及經烘箱乾燥之攪拌棒。接著以隔膜(septa)(PTFE-塗覆之苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠)及酚樹脂蓋密封該瓶。該瓶係抽空(evacuate)及再充入(refill)氬,三次。以注射器將H2 O(0.5 ml)、乙酸(1.5 ml)及二異丁烯(DIBN) (4.0 mmol)添加至該瓶。將該瓶置於合金板(alloy plate),將其移至高壓釜(autoclave)(300 ml)(4560系列,來自Parr Instruments)(在氬氣氛下)。高壓釜以CO沖洗三次後,CO壓力提高至40巴(室溫)。反應係於120℃進行20小時(h)。於反應結尾,將高壓釜冷卻至室溫且小心地減壓。接著添加異辛烷(100 µl)作為內標(internal standard)。以GC分析來量測轉化。 變化配體(X ),X=18 ,進行上述試驗。 結果彙整於下表。
Figure 02_image009
如試驗結果所示,以根據本發明之方法達成目的。

Claims (15)

  1. 一種將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其包括下列方法步驟:a)添加二異丁烯;b)添加複合物(complex),其包含通式(I)化合物以及Pd、或根據通式(I)之化合物及包含Pd之物質
    Figure 107145581-A0305-02-0010-1
    其中R1、R2、R3、R4係各自獨立地選自-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基、-(C3-C20)-雜芳基;R1、R2、R3、R4基團中之至少一者為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基;以及R1、R2、R3、R4可各自獨立地經選自下列之一或更多取代基所取代:-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-O-(C1-C12)-烷基-(C6-C20)-芳基、 -O-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-S-(C1-C12)-烷基、-S-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-COO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-COO-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-CONH-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CONH-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-CO-(C1-C12)-烷基、-CO-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-N-[(C1-C12)-烷基]2、-(C6-C20)-芳基、-(C6-C20)-芳基-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C20)-雜芳基、-(C3-C20)-雜芳基-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C20)-雜芳基-O-(C1-C12)-烷基、-COOH、-OH、-SO3H、-NH2、鹵素;c)饋入CO;d)加熱反應混合物以使二異丁烯轉化為羧酸,其中,二異丁烯係直接轉化為羧酸。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4基團中之至少兩者為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,R1及R3基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法, 其中,R1及R3基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基;R2為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基或係選自-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基;以及R4係選自-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,R1及R3基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基;以及R2及R4係選自-(C1-C12)-烷基、-(C3-C12)-環烷基、-(C3-C12)-雜環烷基、-(C6-C20)-芳基。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,R1及R3基團各為具有至少六個環原子之-(C6-C20)-雜芳基;以及R2及R4為-(C1-C12)-烷基。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4係各自獨立地選自吡啶基 (pyridyl)、嗒
    Figure 107145581-A0305-02-0013-4
    基(pyridazinyl)、嘧啶基(pyrimidyl)、吡
    Figure 107145581-A0305-02-0013-5
    基(pyrazinyl)、苯并呋喃基(benzofuranyl)、吲哚基(indolyl)、異吲哚基(isoindolyl)、苯并咪唑基(benzimidazolyl)、喹啉基(quinolyl)、異喹啉基(isoquinolyl)。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,化合物(I)具有結構(1):
    Figure 107145581-A0305-02-0013-2
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,方法步驟b)中的物質係選自:PdCl2、PdBr2、Pd(acac)2、Pd(dba)2(dba=二亞苄丙酮(dibenzylideneacetone))、PdCl2(CH3CN)2
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的 方法,其中,該方法包括另外的方法步驟e):e)添加乙酸。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,該方法包括另外的方法步驟f):f)添加水。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,該方法包括另外的方法步驟g):g)添加對甲苯磺酸。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,方法步驟d)中,該反應混合物係加熱至80℃至160℃範圍之溫度。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,於方法步驟c)中饋入CO,使反應在20巴至60巴範圍之CO壓力下進行。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之將二異丁烯轉化為羧酸的方法,其中,二異丁烯係轉化為化合物P1
    Figure 107145581-A0305-02-0015-3
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