TWI762976B - Automatic shifting system of electric locomotive and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive and a method thereof. The automatic shifting system of the electric locomotive comprises a throttle valve position sensor, a motor controller, a vehicle controller, and a gear shift calculation unit. The throttle position sensor (TPS) senses a throttle opening to generate a throttle opening signal, the motor controller receives a motor speed signal representing the actual speed of a motor of the motor, and the vehicle controller receives the throttle The opening signal and the motor speed signal, the gear shift calculation unit presets a downshift critical curve and an upshift critical curve, the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal are related to the downshift critical curve and the upshift The critical curves are compared with each other to determine whether to output a shift command to control the electric locomotive to shift gears.

Description

Automatic shifting system and method for electric locomotive

An automatic shifting system and method thereof, especially an automatic shifting system and method of an electric locomotive.

The vigorous development of industry has greatly improved the quality of life of modern human beings, but the development of petrochemical industry and the excessive consumption of non-renewable energy also have an impact on the environment. In the green energy industry, the manufacturers of automobiles and locomotives are also committed to the research and development of electric power supply in the direction of renewable energy, and electric locomotives that replace traditional fuel-guzzling locomotives have emerged as the times require.

However, although electric scooters have the advantages of low carbon emission and zero exhaust, generally electric scooters only output power with a fixed gear ratio. The electric scooter lacks a shifting mechanism, so it is difficult to adjust the power output according to the torque required by the special driving conditions. Under the condition of not changing the maximum output power of the motor, due to the limitation of the fixed gear ratio, when the electric scooter pursues acceleration performance, it will The upper limit of maximum speed is lower; when the maximum speed limit is pursued instead, the acceleration performance is poor. Only one of the higher maximum speed limit and the better acceleration performance can be selected, and it is difficult to take into account the acceleration performance and maximum speed of the electric scooter at the same time.

[Problems to be Solved by Invention]

In order to overcome the shortcoming that the existing electric scooter lacks a shifting mechanism, and it is difficult to take into account the acceleration performance and the maximum speed of the electric scooter at the same time, the present invention provides an automatic shifting system for the electric scooter, in order to provide the electric scooter with a shifting function.

[Technical means to solve problems]

According to the preferred technical means of the present invention, the present invention provides an automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive, the electric locomotive includes a motor, a shifting motor and a gearbox, and the automatic shifting system of the electric locomotive includes: The throttle valve position sensor senses a throttle opening to generate a throttle opening signal; a motor controller, receiving a motor speed signal, the motor speed signal representing an actual speed of a motor of the motor; a vehicle controller, electrically connected to the throttle position sensor and the motor controller, for receiving the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal; A gear shift calculation unit is preset with a downshift critical curve and an upshift critical curve, the downshift critical curve includes a plurality of downshift critical points defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening, and the upshift critical curve includes a The multiple upshift critical points defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening, the gear shift calculation unit compares the downshift critical curve and the upshift critical curve with the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal to determine Whether to output a shift command to control the shift motor.

According to the preferred technical means of the present invention, the present invention provides an automatic shifting method of an electric locomotive, the electric locomotive includes a motor, and the automatic shifting method of the electric locomotive includes: Sensing a throttle opening and a motor actual speed of the electric locomotive to generate a throttle opening signal and a motor speed signal respectively; A downshift critical curve and an upshift critical curve are preset, wherein the downshift critical curve includes a downshift critical point defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening, the upshift critical curve includes the motor speed and The upshift critical point defined by the accelerator opening, under the same accelerator opening, the motor speed on the upshift critical curve is greater than the motor speed on the downshift critical curve; According to the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal, the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor of the electric locomotive are obtained, and then based on a downshift threshold curve and an upshift threshold curve, it is judged whether it is necessary to shift gears, and the output is output according to the judgment result. a shift command; The electric scooter is controlled to shift gears according to the shift command.

[Effect of invention]

The effect of the present invention is that: the gear shift calculation unit obtains the real-time accelerator opening and the motor actual speed of the electric locomotive through the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal, and then obtains the real-time accelerator opening and the motor speed of the electric locomotive, and then passes the downshift threshold curve and the upshift threshold curve. The gear threshold curves are compared with each other to judge whether the electric scooter needs to be shifted, and output a shift command according to the shift judgment result, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the conventional electric scooter lacking a shifting mechanism to cope with different driving conditions and At the same time, it takes into account the acceleration performance and maximum speed of the electric scooter.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a first embodiment of an automatic gear shift system for an electric scooter. The present invention is an automatic gear shift method for an electric scooter, which can be implemented through the automatic gear shift system of the electric scooter shown in FIG. 1 . In the first embodiment, the automatic shifting system of the electric locomotive includes: a throttle valve position sensor 10, a motor controller 20, a vehicle controller 30 and a gear shift calculation unit 40; the electric locomotive It may include a shift motor 50 , a gearbox 60 , a throttle handle 70 and a motor 80 .

The throttle position sensor 10 (Throttle Position Sensor, TPS, or throttle opening sensor) senses a throttle opening of the electric scooter, and outputs a throttle opening signal T according to the throttle opening, wherein, The throttle opening of the electric scooter can be controlled by the throttle handle 70 electrically connected to the throttle position sensor 10. The rotation amplitude of the throttle handle 70 is positively correlated with the throttle opening. When the driver turns the throttle handle The greater the magnitude of 70, the higher the percentage of that throttle opening.

The motor controller 20 is electrically connected to the motor 80 of the electric locomotive to receive a motor speed signal M, and the motor speed signal M represents an actual motor speed of the motor 80 . The motor 80 is used to provide the power source of the whole vehicle, and a Hall sensor 81 is arranged on the motor 80. The Hall sensor 81 senses the actual speed of the motor of the motor 80, and then generates the motor according to the actual speed of the motor. Motor speed signal M.

The vehicle controller 30 (ECU) is electrically connected to the throttle position sensor 10 and the motor controller 20 to receive the accelerator opening signal T and the motor rotational speed signal M, and convert the accelerator opening signal T to the motor controller 20 . The motor speed signal M is transmitted to the rear end.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the gear shift calculation unit 40 receives the accelerator opening signal T and the motor speed signal M transmitted by the vehicle controller 30 , according to the accelerator opening signal T and the motor speed signal M Obtain the accelerator opening degree and the actual speed of the motor of the electric locomotive, and then compare with a preset downshift threshold curve 41 and an upshift threshold curve 42 according to the accelerator opening degree and the motor actual rotation speed to determine whether it is necessary to Shift gears, and output a shift command according to the shift judgment result. In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the gear shift calculation unit 40 is arranged in a shift controller 90 , and the shift controller 90 is electrically connected with the vehicle controller 30 to receive the vehicle control. The accelerator opening signal T and the motor rotation speed signal M transmitted by the controller 30 .

The shift motor 50 is electrically connected to the gear shift calculation unit 40 to receive the shift command and to control the gearbox 60 to shift gears according to the shift command, so that the electric scooter can shift between the first gear and the second gear Switch gears alternately. In the first embodiment, the shift motor 50 is connected to the shift controller 90 to receive the shift command.

The gearbox 60 may include a lever 61 , a clutch 62 and a gear set 63 . When the shift motor 50 receives the shift command, the shift motor 50 drives a cable to pull the actuating rod 61 , and controls the clutch 62 through the actuating rod 61 , and then the clutch 62 drives the gear set 63 to switch For different gear ratios, the electric scooter is in the first gear state when the clutch 62 is released, and the electric scooter is in the second gear state when the clutch 62 is clamped.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the position of the gear shift calculation unit 40 is different. In the second embodiment, the gear shift calculation unit 40 is different. The unit 40 is integrated in the vehicle controller 30 , and the vehicle controller 30 is connected with the shift motor 50 . When the vehicle controller 30 is composed of the throttle position sensor 10 and the motor controller 20 respectively When receiving the accelerator opening signal T and the motor speed signal M, the accelerator opening signal T and the motor speed signal M are directly transmitted to the internal gear shift calculation unit 40 .

Referring to FIG. 3 , the automatic shifting method of the electric scooter of the present invention is executed through the automatic shifting system of the electric scooter, and the process includes:

S101 : The throttle valve position sensor 10 senses the throttle opening, and outputs a throttle opening signal T according to the throttle opening, and the motor controller 20 receives a motor 80 according to an actual speed of the motor. Motor speed signal M.

S102 : The vehicle controller 30 receives the accelerator opening signal T and the motor speed signal M, and transmits the signal to the gear shift calculation unit 40 .

S103 : The gear shift calculation unit 40 obtains the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor of the electric scooter from the accelerator opening signal T and the motor speed signal M, and then passes a downshift threshold curve 41 and an upshift threshold Curve 42 determines whether a shift is required.

S104: If the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the electric scooter needs to be upshifted or downshifted, output a shift command to the shift motor 50 according to the determination result.

S105: If the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the electric scooter does not need to be shifted, the shift command is not output.

S106: After the shift motor 50 receives the shift command, control the gearbox 60 to perform a shift according to the shift command.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the following describes in detail how the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines whether the electric locomotive needs to be shifted in step S103 . The gear shift calculation unit 40 determines whether to shift gears according to the downshift threshold curve 41 and the upshift threshold curve 42 . The downshift threshold curve 41 may include a plurality of downshift thresholds defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening. point, and the downshift critical curve 41 is obtained by arithmetic difference method from two adjacent downshift critical points in each group; similarly, the upshift critical curve 42 may include the motor speed and the accelerator opening. Multiple upshift critical points, and the upshift critical curve 42 is obtained by arithmetic difference method from two adjacent upshift critical points in each group, wherein the accelerator opening is in percentage, and the motor speed is in per minute The rotation speed (rpm) is the unit, and the gear shift calculation unit 40 can set and update the parameter values of the multiple downshift thresholds and the multiple upshift thresholds, and adjust the downshift threshold curve according to different electric vehicle models and performances 41 and the upshift threshold curve 42 .

In FIG. 4, the throttle opening is defined as 100%, 70%, 30% and 0% as the cut-off points, and the motor speed is set as the cut-off points at 500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm and 4000 rpm. The demarcation point and the demarcation point of the motor speed combine to form four downshift critical points, namely (500rpm, 0%), (500rpm, 30%), (3000rpm, 70%) and (3000rpm, 100%), the upshift The threshold curve 42 also has four such upshift thresholds, namely (2000rpm, 0%), (2000rpm, 30%), (4000rpm, 70%) and (4000rpm, 100%). When the throttle opening of the electric locomotive and the actual speed of the motor are located in the right region of the upshift critical curve 42, the electric locomotive is in the second gear state, when the throttle opening and the actual speed of the motor are When located in the left region of the downshift critical curve 41, the electric locomotive is in a first gear state, and the region between the upshift critical curve 42 and the downshift critical curve 41 is a buffer zone A. When the values of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor fall within the buffer zone A, the electric locomotive maintains its original gear state. Under the condition that the value of the accelerator opening is the same, the motor speed of the upshift critical curve 42 is greater than the motor speed of the downshift critical curve 41 , for example, the accelerator opening is both 30%, the upshift critical curve 42 The motor speed is 2000 rpm, which is 500 rpm greater than the motor speed of the downshift threshold curve 41 .

The circuit operations for downshifting and upshifting are described below.

Upshift operation:

When the electric scooter is currently in the first gear, for example, the current value of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor are 40% and 500 rpm respectively (ie, the first state S ₁ ), the accelerator opening will be adjusted as the user operates the electric scooter. and the actual speed of the motor is increased to 80% and 4050rpm respectively (ie the second state S ₂ ), the gear shift calculation unit 40 converts the corresponding motor on the upshift critical curve 42 according to the current 80% of the accelerator opening. The speed cut-off point is 4000 rpm, the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the actual speed of the motor 4050 rpm is greater than the motor speed cut-off point of 4000 rpm (4050 rpm>4000 rpm), and therefore sends a shift command to the shift motor 50 to control the electric locomotive Shift from first gear to second gear.

On the other hand, if the electric scooter is in the first gear, and the current value of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor are still 40% and 500 rpm respectively (ie, the first state S ₁ ), as the user operates the electric scooter Increase the accelerator opening degree and the actual speed of the motor to 60% and 2500 rpm respectively (ie, the third state S ₃ ), the gear shift calculation unit 40 converts the upshift critical curve according to the current accelerator opening degree of 60% The corresponding motor speed demarcation point on 42 is 3500rpm, the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the actual motor speed 2500rpm is not greater than the motor speed demarcation point 3500rpm (2500rpm<3500rpm), the state of the electric locomotive is in the buffer A, Therefore, the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the electric locomotive does not need to be upshifted, that is, it does not output a shift command to the shift motor 50 .

Downshift operation:

When the electric scooter is currently in the second gear, for example, the current value of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor are 80% and 4050 rpm respectively (ie, the second state S ₂ ), as the user operates the electric scooter, the accelerator opening is and the actual rotational speed of the motor is reduced to 40% and 500 rpm respectively (ie, the first state S ₁ ), the gear shift calculation unit 40 converts the corresponding motor rotational speed on the downshift critical curve 41 according to the current accelerator opening 40% The demarcation point is 1125rpm, and the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the actual speed of the motor 500rpm is less than the demarcation point of the motor speed of 1125rpm (500rpm<1125rpm), so it sends a shift command to the shift motor 50 to control the electric locomotive from Shift from 2nd gear to 1st gear.

However, if the electric scooter is in the second gear, and the current values of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor are still 80% and 4050 rpm respectively (ie, the second state S ₂ ), as the user operates the electric scooter, the The throttle opening and the actual speed of the motor are reduced to 60% and 2500 rpm respectively (ie, the third state S ₃ ), the gear shift calculation unit 40 converts the current throttle opening 60% to the downshift critical curve 41 The corresponding motor speed demarcation point is 2375rpm, the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the actual motor speed 2500rpm is not less than the motor speed demarcation point 2375rpm (2500rpm>2375rpm), the state of the electric locomotive is in the buffer zone A, so the The gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the electric vehicle does not need to be downshifted, that is, it does not output a shift command to the shift motor 50 .

In general, when the electric locomotive is in the second gear, and the value of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor changes, the right side of the downshift critical curve 41 moves through the downshift critical curve 41 to the downshift critical curve 41 , that is, based on the current accelerator opening of the electric locomotive, under the same accelerator opening, the motor speed on the downshift critical curve 41 is the same as the current actual motor speed of the electric locomotive. Compared with the rotational speed, if the current actual rotational speed of the motor of the electric scooter is less than the motor rotational speed on the downshift critical curve 41, the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the electric scooter needs to be downshifted; when the electric scooter is in a gear, and the value of the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor changes from the left side of the upshift critical curve 42 to the right side of the upshift critical curve 42, that is, the electric locomotive The current accelerator opening degree is the reference, and under the same accelerator opening degree, the motor speed on the upshift critical curve 42 is compared with the current actual motor speed of the electric locomotive, if the current motor speed of the electric locomotive is compared. When the motor speed is greater than the motor speed on the upshift critical curve 42 , the gear shift calculation unit 40 determines that the electric locomotive needs to be upshifted.

The present invention provides the electric scooter with an automatic shift function by means of the gear shift calculation unit 40, and automatically switches to different gear ratios when driving at low speed or high speed, so that the electric scooter can pursue the acceleration performance under the same output power. At the same time, the maximum speed limit of the electric scooter can be increased, and the acceleration performance of the electric scooter can be improved while pursuing the maximum speed limit, and the problem that the conventional electric scooter cannot take into account the acceleration performance and the maximum speed limit can be improved.

To sum up, the present invention merely describes the implementation manner or example of the technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the problem, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent implementation of the present invention. That is, all the equivalent changes and modifications that are consistent with the context of the scope of the patent application of the present invention, or made in accordance with the scope of the patent of the present invention, are all covered by the scope of the patent of the present invention.

10: Throttle valve position sensor 20: Motor controller 30: Vehicle controller 40: Gear shift calculation unit 41: Downshift critical curve 42: Upshift critical curve 50: Shift motor 60: Gearbox 61: Actuation Lever 62: Clutch 63: Gear set 70: Throttle handle 80: Motor 81: Hall sensor 90: Shift controller A: Buffer T: Throttle opening signal M: Motor speed signal S ₁ : First state S ₂ : second state S ₃ : third state

FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the automatic shifting system of the electric locomotive of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the automatic shifting system of the electric locomotive of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the steps of the automatic gear shifting method of the electric locomotive of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a downshift critical curve and an upshift critical curve in the gear shift calculation unit of the present invention.

10: Throttle position sensor 20: Motor Controller 30: Vehicle Controller 40: Gear shift calculation unit 50: Shift motor 60: Gearbox 61: Actuator 62: Clutch 63: Gear Set 70: Throttle handle 80: Motor 81: Hall sensor 90: Shift Controller T: accelerator opening signal M: Motor speed signal

Claims (12)

An automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive, the electric locomotive includes a motor, a shifting motor and a gearbox, and the automatic shifting system of the electric locomotive includes: The throttle valve position sensor senses a throttle opening to generate a throttle opening signal; a motor controller, receiving a motor speed signal, the motor speed signal representing an actual speed of a motor of the motor; a vehicle controller, electrically connected to the throttle position sensor and the motor controller, for receiving the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal; A gear shift calculation unit is preset with a downshift critical curve and an upshift critical curve, the downshift critical curve includes a plurality of downshift critical points defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening, and the upshift critical curve includes a The multiple upshift critical points defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening, the gear shift calculation unit compares the downshift critical curve and the upshift critical curve with the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal to determine Whether to output a shift command to control the shift motor. The automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gearbox is connected to the shifting motor, and the shifting motor controls the gearbox to perform shifting according to the shifting command, so that the electric locomotive is in the first gear and the second gear. Switch gears alternately between gears. According to the automatic gear shifting system of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, the gear shift calculation unit is arranged in the vehicle controller. According to the automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, the gear shift calculation unit is arranged in a shift controller, and the shift controller is respectively connected to the vehicle controller and the shift motor. The automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, the gearbox includes at least one clutch and at least one gear set. As claimed in claim 1, the automatic shifting system of an electric scooter, the motor is provided with a hall sensor, and the hall sensor senses the actual speed of the motor to output a signal of the motor speed. The automatic shifting system for an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 1, under the same accelerator opening degree, the motor speed on the upshift critical curve is greater than the motor speed on the downshift critical curve, and the upshift critical curve is the same as the motor speed on the downshift critical curve. There is a buffer between the downshift critical curves. The automatic shifting system of an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the electric locomotive is in the second gear, the gear shift calculation unit takes the current accelerator opening of the electric locomotive as a reference, and the downshift critical curve is The motor speed corresponding to the throttle opening is compared with the current actual speed of the motor. If the actual speed of the motor is less than the speed of the motor corresponding to the downshift critical curve, the gear shift calculation unit will output the shift command to controlling the downshift of the electric locomotive; When the electric locomotive is in the first gear, the gear shift calculation unit takes the current accelerator opening of the electric locomotive as a reference, and the motor speed corresponding to the accelerator opening on the upshift critical curve is related to the current actual speed of the motor. If the actual speed of the motor is greater than the corresponding motor speed on the upshift critical curve, the gear shift calculation unit outputs the shift command to control the electric scooter to upshift. An automatic shifting method of an electric locomotive, the electric locomotive includes a motor, and the automatic shifting method of the electric locomotive includes: Sensing a throttle opening and a motor actual speed of the electric locomotive to generate a throttle opening signal and a motor speed signal respectively; A downshift critical curve and an upshift critical curve are preset, wherein the downshift critical curve includes a downshift critical point defined by the motor speed and the accelerator opening, the upshift critical curve includes the motor speed and The upshift critical point defined by the accelerator opening, under the same accelerator opening, the motor speed on the upshift critical curve is greater than the motor speed on the downshift critical curve; According to the accelerator opening signal and the motor speed signal, the accelerator opening and the actual speed of the motor of the electric scooter are obtained, and then based on a downshift threshold curve and an upshift threshold curve, it is judged whether it is necessary to shift gears, and the output is output according to the judgment result. a shift command; The electric scooter is controlled to shift gears according to the shift command. According to the automatic shifting method of an electric locomotive according to claim 9, the downshift critical curve is obtained by arithmetic difference method from two adjacent downshift critical points in each group; the upshift critical curve is determined by each group of adjacent downshift critical points The two critical points of this upshift are obtained by the arithmetic difference method. The automatic gear shifting method for an electric locomotive as claimed in claim 9, there is a buffer zone between the upshifting critical curve and the downshifting critical curve. According to the automatic gear shifting method of the electric locomotive described in claim 9, when the electric locomotive is in the second gear, the current accelerator opening degree of the electric locomotive is used as a reference, and the motor corresponding to the accelerator opening degree is on the downshifting critical curve. Comparing the rotational speed with the current actual rotational speed of the motor, if the actual rotational speed of the motor is less than the rotational speed of the motor corresponding to the downshifting critical curve, the shift command is output to control the electric locomotive to downshift; When the electric locomotive is in the first gear, the current throttle opening of the electric locomotive is used as a benchmark, and the motor speed corresponding to the throttle opening on the upshift critical curve is compared with the current actual speed of the motor. When the rotational speed is greater than the corresponding motor rotational speed on the upshift critical curve, the shift command is output to control the electric locomotive to upshift.

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