TWI759453B - 半導體結構及其製造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明實施例係關於一種半導體結構,其包含一第一電晶體及一第二電晶體。該第一電晶體包含一半導體基板,其具有一頂面及該頂面處之摻雜有一第一導電性摻雜劑之一第一抗穿通區域。該第一電晶體進一步包含位於該半導體基板之該頂面上方一第一距離處之一第一通道。該第二電晶體包含該半導體基板之該頂面處之摻雜有一第二導電性摻雜劑之一第二抗穿通區域。該第二電晶體進一步包含位於該半導體基板之該頂面上方一第二距離處之一第二通道,該第二距離大於該第一距離。本發明實施例亦係關於一種用於製造本文中所描述之半導體結構的方法。
Description
本發明實施例係有關半導體結構及其製造方法。
金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)用於存在於現今之半導體積體電路(IC)晶片產品中之超大型積體(ULSI)電路中。MOSFET之閘極長度不斷縮小以獲得更快電路速度、更高電路密度及增加功能性及更低單位功能成本。隨著MOSFET之閘極長度縮小至小於20 nm之範圍內,源極及汲極越來越多與通道相互作用以實質上影響通道電位。因此,具有一短閘極長度之一電晶體通常存在與閘極無法實質上控制通道之開/關狀態相關之問題。與通道電位之減少閘極控制相關之現象被稱為短通道效應。 提高體相摻雜濃度、減小閘極氧化物厚度及接面深度係抑制短通道效應之一些方法。然而,為使裝置完全縮小至小於20 nm之範圍內,體相摻雜濃度、閘極氧化物厚度及源極/汲極摻雜分佈之要求越來越難以使用基於塊矽基板之習知裝置結構來滿足。因此,考量提供短通道效應之更好控制之替代裝置結構來實現電晶體大小之不斷縮小。 提供短通道效應之極佳控制之一可高度縮放裝置結構係一電晶體之一回繞式閘極結構(亦稱為環繞式閘極或全環繞式閘極電晶體結構)。一回繞式閘極結構通常具有環繞或回繞一通道區域之一閘極。與習知塊矽基板電晶體結構、雙閘極電晶體結構及三閘極電晶體結構相比,此結構有效改良閘極與通道之間的電容耦合。就回繞式閘極結構而言,閘極對通道電位產生重要影響且因此改良短通道效應之抑制。
本發明的一實施例係關於一種半導體結構,其包括一第一電晶體,該第一電晶體包括:一半導體基板,其具有一頂面及該頂面處之摻雜有一第一導電性摻雜劑之一第一抗穿通(anti-punch through)區域;一第一通道,其位於該半導體基板之該頂面上方一第一距離處,其中該第一通道處之該第一導電性摻雜劑之一濃度低於該半導體基板之該頂面處之該第一導電性摻雜劑之一濃度。 本發明的一實施例係關於一種用於製造一半導體結構之方法,其包括:使一第一抗穿通區域形成於一第一電晶體區域處之一半導體基板之一頂面處;藉由生長一結晶層來使一障壁層形成於該第一電晶體區域處之該半導體基板之該頂面上方;使一第一通道材料及第二通道材料堆疊形成於該障壁層上方。 本發明的一實施例係關於一種用於形成一PMOS結構之方法,其包括:使一N型井區域形成於一半導體基板中;使具有n型摻雜劑之一抗穿通區域形成於該半導體基板中;使具有大於該等n型摻雜劑之一擴散長度之一厚度之一擴散障壁層形成於該半導體基板之一頂面上方;使一SiGe奈米線通道層形成於該擴散障壁層上方;形成一SiGe奈米線通道且移除該SiGe奈米線通道下方之該擴散障壁層。
下文將詳細討論本揭露之實施例之製造及使用。然而,應瞭解,實施例提供可在各種特定背景中體現之諸多適用發明概念。所討論之特定實施例僅用於繪示製造及使用實施例之特定方式且不限制本揭露之範疇。在所有各種視圖及繪示性實施例中,相同元件符號用於標示相同元件。現將詳細參考附圖中所繪示之例示性實施例。只要可能,相同元件符號在圖式及描述中用於係指相同或相似部件。在圖式中,為了清楚及方便起見,可放大形狀及厚度。此描述將尤其針對形成根據本揭露之一設備之部分或更直接地與該設備協作的元件。應瞭解,未特定展示或描述之元件可呈現各種形式。參考本說明書中之「一實施例」意謂結合該實施例所描述之一特定特徵、結構或特性包含於至少一實施例中。因此,出現於本說明書之各種位置中之片語「在一實施例中」未必全部係指相同實施例。此外,特定特徵、結構或特性可在一或多個實施例中依任何適合方式組合。應瞭解,下列圖式未按比例繪製;相反地,此等圖僅供說明。 此外,為了方便描述,可在本文中使用空間相對術語(諸如「底下」、「下方」、「下」、「上方」、「上」及其類似者)來描述一元件或構件與另一(些)元件或構件之關係,如圖中所繪示。除圖中所描繪之定向之外,空間相對術語亦意欲涵蓋裝置在使用或操作中之不同定向。設備可依其他方式定向(旋轉90度或依其他定向),且亦可據此解譯本文中所使用之空間相對描述詞。 在一FinFET裝置中,通道區域中之摻雜劑或缺陷可將少數載子之移動率減小至比一全環繞式閘極裝置之通道區域中之摻雜劑或缺陷小之一程度,此係因為FinFET裝置之實體通道大於全環繞式閘極對應物,如圖1A中所展示,類似數量之摻雜劑或缺陷將比全環繞式閘極裝置對載子移動率產生更大影響。如圖1B中所展示,模擬結果表明,一全環繞式閘極裝置之通道區域中之3個帶電粒子將使載子移動率減小74%,而一FinFET裝置之通道區域中之相同數目個帶電粒子將使載子移動率減小19%。換言之,隨著自FinFET裝置發展至全環繞式閘極裝置,應在設計接近通道區域之摻雜區域處之結構時格外小心以防止摻雜劑或缺陷非所要地擴散至通道區域中。 全環繞式閘極MOSFET結構之特徵為具有多個奈米線通道之一3D閘極區域。應用一抗穿通(APT)植入以緩解一全環繞式閘極MOSFET結構中之通道穿通洩漏電流及反向偏壓p-n接面漏電。然而,APT植入被應用於緊鄰通道區域之一區域中;因此,通道區域之結構完整性易受損壞。另外,歸因於N/P井植入接近底部奈米線通道,其亦成為進入通道區域之缺陷之一來源。本揭露不是直接使APT區域及N/P井區域與通道區域非常接近或直接接觸,而是提供一障壁層來緩衝源於APT區域及/或N/P井區域之摻雜劑擴散。 緩衝源於APT區域及/或N/P井區域之摻雜劑擴散的障壁層可(例如)安置於半導體基板之一頂面與奈米線通道之底部之間。在一些實施例中,障壁層可由結晶材料組成。在一些實施例中,障壁層可由相同於或不同於奈米線通道之材料組成。在一些實施例中,可取決於障壁層之材料選擇而在最終產品中移除或不移除或部分移除障壁層。 在全環繞式閘極MOSFET之技術中,包含III族及IV族材料之若干材料系統係目前已知的且應被涵蓋於本揭露之考量範疇內。例如,在一矽基板上,通常針對NMOS採用Si奈米線通道且針對PMOS採用SiGe奈米線通道。在一GaAs基板上,通常針對NMOS採用GaAs奈米線通道且針對PMOS採用InGaAs奈米線通道。在一Ge/GaAs基板上,通常針對NMOS採用Ge奈米線通道且針對PMOS採用GaAs奈米線通道。為簡潔起見,本揭露僅提供Si奈米線及SiGe奈米線材料系統之繪示及詳細描述。相同發明概念可應用於要解決之不同半導體材料系統上。 參考圖2A及圖2B,圖2A及圖2B係展示根據本揭露之一些實施例之一非平面半導體結構及不同位置處之剖切線的俯視圖。在圖2A中,將主動區域20A及20B繪示為兩個平行條。在描述一全環繞式閘極MOSFET結構之實施例中,主動區域包含一圖案化半導體基板之摻雜區域及該圖案化半導體基板上方之奈米線通道。在下列揭露中,主動區域20A可包含一PMOS電晶體結構之一部分且主動區域20B可包含一NMOS電晶體結構之一部分。在本揭露中,元件符號20A可通常指稱具有一PMOS電晶體結構之主動區域,且元件符號20B可通常指稱具有一NMOS電晶體結構之主動區域。兩個閘極200及200'正交地安置於主動區域20A及20B上方,主動區域20A及20B在閘極200處由源極/汲極區域201A、201B鄰接且在閘極200'處由源極/汲極區域201A'、201B'鄰接。剖切線AA'沿閘極200之一縱向方向穿過閘極200,藉此在後續圖3及圖4中展示閘極200 (為簡單起見,其被省略)及下伏主動區域20A及20B之一剖面。類似地,在圖2B中,將主動區域20A及20B繪示為兩個平行條。在下列揭露中,主動區域20A可為一PMOS電晶體結構且主動區域20B可為一NMOS電晶體結構。兩個閘極200及200'正交地安置於主動區域20A及20B上方,主動區域20A及20B在閘極200處由源極/汲極區域201A、201B鄰接且在閘極200'處由源極/汲極區域201A'、201B'鄰接。剖切線BB'穿過源極/汲極區域201A、201B,藉此在後續圖5及圖6中展示源極/汲極區域201A、201B及下伏主動區域20A及20B之一剖面。 參考圖3,圖3係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線AA'剖切之一半導體結構30之一剖面圖。為簡單起見,圖3中省略所有奈米線上方之閘極200之一部分。半導體結構30包含一PMOS 20A及一NMOS 20B。在一些實施例中,PMOS 20A可或可不安置於NMOS 20B相鄰處。 半導體結構30包含圖案化為至少兩個半導體鰭片100A、100B之一基板100。在一些實施例中,基板100包含矽,且基板100係根據一FinFET配置形成,該配置包含由諸如淺溝渠隔離區(STI)之隔離結構103分離之一或多個矽鰭片。例如,一第一鰭片100A及一第二鰭片100B形成於基板100上且在鰭片100A、100B之各者處具有一頂面100T。在PMOS 20A中,藉由使用一n型摻雜劑(諸如磷)之一APT植入來使一抗穿通區域(APT) 101P形成於頂面100T接近處。在NMOS 20B中,藉由使用一p型摻雜劑(諸如硼)之另一APT植入來使一APT 101P'形成於頂面100T接近處。 仍參考圖3,PMOS 20A進一步包含沿第一鰭片100A之一縱向方向之複數個SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A,在SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之兩端處連接源極/汲極201A (圖3中未展示)。在所有SiGe奈米線中,101A被稱為一底部SiGe奈米線,其係最靠近半導體鰭片100A之頂面100T的奈米線。在一些實施例中,頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之一底部之間的一距離大致為自約1 nm至約10 nm。在一些實施例中,閘極200填充於相鄰SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之間及頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之間。 如圖3中所展示,PMOS 20A中未展示障壁層,此係因為障壁層已在通道處之一奈米線釋放操作期間被移除或部分移除,如稍後將在圖18A中描述。APT區域101P可具有約5E18/cm3
之一n型摻雜劑濃度。歸因於本文中所描述之障壁層之有效緩衝,底部SiGe奈米線101A之一底部部分處之n型摻雜劑濃度可低於1E18/cm3
。 類似地,NMOS 20B進一步包含沿第二鰭片100B之一縱向方向之複數個Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B,在Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B之兩端處連接源極/汲極201B (圖3中未展示)。在所有Si奈米線中,101B被稱為一底部Si奈米線,其係最靠近半導體鰭片100B之頂面100T的奈米線。在一些實施例中,頂面100T與底部Si奈米線101B之一底部之間的一距離大於頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之一底部之間的距離。在一些實施例中,閘極200填充於相鄰Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B之間及頂面100T與底部Si奈米線101B之間。 如圖3中所展示,NMOS 20B中展示位於APT區域101P'上方及閘極200'及底部Si奈米線101B下方之一障壁層110B。在一些實施例中,障壁層110B係由結晶矽或摻碳結晶矽組成。APT區域101P'可具有約5E18/cm3
之一p型摻雜劑濃度。底部Si奈米線101B之一底部部分處之p型摻雜劑濃度可低於1E18/cm3
。在一些實施例中,p型摻雜劑可為硼。 參考圖4,圖4係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線AA'剖切之一半導體結構40之一剖面圖。為簡單起見,圖4中省略所有奈米線上方之一閘極200之一部分。半導體結構40包含一PMOS 20A及一NMOS 20B。在一些實施例中,PMOS 20A可或可不安置於NMOS 20B相鄰處。 半導體結構40包含圖案化為至少兩個半導體鰭片100A、100B之一基板100。在一些實施例中,基板100包含矽,且基板100係根據一FinFET配置形成,該配置包含由諸如淺溝渠隔離區(STI)之隔離結構103分離之一或多個矽鰭片。例如,一第一鰭片100A及一第二鰭片100B形成於基板100上且在鰭片100A、100B之各者處具有一頂面100T。在PMOS 20A中,藉由使用一n型摻雜劑(諸如磷)之一APT植入來使一抗穿通區域(APT) 101P形成於頂面100T接近處。在NMOS 20B中,藉由使用一p型摻雜劑(諸如硼)之另一APT植入來使一APT 101P'形成於頂面100T接近處。 仍參考圖4,NMOS 20B進一步包含沿第二鰭片100B之一縱向方向之複數個Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B,在Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B之兩端處連接源極/汲極201B (圖3中未展示)。在所有Si奈米線中,101B被稱為一底部Si奈米線,其係最靠近半導體鰭片100B之頂面100T的奈米線。在一些實施例中,頂面100T與底部Si奈米線101B之一底部之間的一距離大致大於半導體鰭片100A之頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之一底部之間的距離。在一些實施例中,閘極200'填充於相鄰Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B之間及頂面100T與底部Si奈米線101B之間。 如圖4中所展示,NMOS 20B中未展示障壁層,此係因為障壁層已在通道處之一奈米線釋放操作期間被移除或部分移除,如稍後將在圖17B中描述。APT區域101P'可具有約5E18/cm3
之一p型摻雜劑濃度。底部Si奈米線101B之一底部部分處之p型摻雜劑濃度可低於1E18/cm3
。 類似地,PMOS 20A進一步包含沿第一鰭片100A之一縱向方向之複數個SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A,在SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之兩端處連接源極/汲極201A (圖3中未展示)。在所有SiGe奈米線中,101A被稱為一底部SiGe奈米線,其係最靠近半導體鰭片100A之頂面100T的奈米線。在一些實施例中,頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之一底部之間的一距離係在自約1 nm至約10 nm之一範圍內。在一些實施例中,閘極200填充於相鄰SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之間及頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之間。 如圖4中所展示,PMOS 20A中展示位於APT區域101P上方及閘極200及底部SiGe奈米線101A下方之一障壁層110A。在一些實施例中,障壁層110A係由結晶矽鍺或摻碳結晶矽鍺組成。APT區域101P可具有約5E18/cm3
之一n型摻雜劑濃度。底部SiGe奈米線101A之一底部部分處之n型摻雜劑濃度可低於1E18/cm3
。在一些實施例中,n型摻雜劑可為磷。 參考圖5,圖5係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2B之剖切線BB'剖切之一半導體結構50之一剖面圖。半導體結構50包含一PMOS 20A及一NMOS 20B。在一些實施例中,PMOS 20A可或可不安置於NMOS 20B相鄰處。圖5及圖3中之相同元件符號係指相同組件或其等效物,且為簡潔起見,此處不再重複。在圖5中,PMOS 20A之源極/汲極201A包圍SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A,而NMOS 20B之源極/汲極201B包圍Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B及障壁層110B。如圖5中所展示,源極/汲極201A或201B之一輪廓展示根據各奈米線之刻面化側壁。然而,在其他實施例中,源極/汲極201A或201B可擁有一包覆結構,其在堆疊奈米線之兩端處之垂直側壁可被檢測。在其他實施例中,源極/汲極201A或201B擁有自半導體鰭片100A/100B之一頂部雕刻之一凹槽結構。換言之,源極/汲極201A或201B之一底部可低於半導體基板100之頂面100T。在一些實施例中,NMOS 20B中之障壁層110B係由結晶矽或摻碳結晶矽組成。PMOS 20A中未展示障壁層,此係因為障壁層已在源極/汲極201A處之一奈米線釋放操作期間被移除或部分移除。 參考圖6,圖6係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2B之剖切線BB'剖切之一半導體結構60之一剖面圖。半導體結構60包含一PMOS 20A及一NMOS 20B。在一些實施例中,PMOS 20A可或可不安置於NMOS 20B相鄰處。圖6及圖4中之相同元件符號係指相同組件或其等效物,且為簡潔起見,此處不再重複。在圖6中,PMOS 20A之源極/汲極201A包圍SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A及障壁層110A,而NMOS 20B之源極/汲極201B包圍Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B。如圖6中所展示,源極/汲極201A或201B之一輪廓展示根據各奈米線之刻面化側壁。然而,在其他實施例中,源極/汲極201A或201B可擁有一包覆結構,其在堆疊奈米線之兩端處之垂直側壁可被檢測。在其他實施例中,源極/汲極201A或201B擁有自半導體鰭片100A/100B之一頂部雕刻之一凹槽結構。換言之,源極/汲極201A或201B之一底部可低於半導體基板100之頂面100T。在一些實施例中,PMOS 20A中之障壁層110A係由結晶矽鍺或摻碳結晶矽鍺組成。NMOS 20B中未展示障壁層,此係因為障壁層已在源極/汲極201B處之一奈米線釋放操作期間被移除或部分移除。 參考圖7,圖7係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線剖切之一PMOS半導體結構70之一簡化剖面圖。圖7中省略PMOS半導體結構70中之閘極200以更好展示半導體基板之頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A之相對位置。在一些實施例中,底部SiGe奈米線101A之底部與頂面100T之間的一距離T1至少等於或大於障壁層(圖7中未展示)之厚度。在一些實施例中,障壁層之一厚度係在自約5 nm至約10 nm之一範圍內。障壁層之厚度應至少大於n型摻雜劑最初在APT區域101P中時之擴散長度。例如,n型摻雜劑(磷)之一平均擴散長度係約5 nm。障壁層之厚度應至少薄於允許在不損壞下伏鰭片之情況下完全移除障壁層之一臨界厚度。在一些實施例中,臨界厚度係約10 nm。 圖8係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線剖切之一PMOS及NMOS半導體結構80之一簡化剖面圖。圖8中省略PMOS及一NMOS半導體結構中之閘極200以更好展示半導體基板之頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A及底部Si奈米線101B之相對位置。在一些實施例中,底部Si奈米線101B之底部與頂面100T之間的一距離T2至少等於或大於障壁層110B之厚度T3。例如,距離T2可在自約3 nm至約12 nm之一範圍內。在一些實施例中,障壁層之一厚度T3係在自約1 nm至約10 nm之一範圍內。障壁層之厚度T3應至少大於p型摻雜劑最初在APT區域101P'中時之擴散長度。例如,p型摻雜劑(硼)之一平均擴散長度係約1 nm。障壁層之厚度應至少薄於允許在不損壞下伏鰭片之情況下完全移除障壁層之一臨界厚度。在一些實施例中,臨界厚度係約10 nm。 參考圖9,圖9係展示兩種情境下之底部SiGe奈米線101A及半導體基板100中之磷濃度的一SIMS分佈圖。資料901展示未永久形成一障壁層時之一PMOS半導體結構中之磷濃度。半導體基板100之頂面100T下方之磷濃度大於5E18/cm3
,且底部SiGe奈米線101A中之磷濃度亦大於5E18/cm3
。兩個相鄰區域中之相當磷濃度表明磷擴散未受抑制。然而,資料903展示在製造操作期間形成一障壁層時之一PMOS半導體結構中之磷濃度。半導體基板100之頂面100T下方之磷濃度大於5E18/cm3
,但底部SiGe奈米線101A中之磷濃度小於1E18/cm3
。兩個相鄰區域中之磷濃度之顯著下降表明磷擴散受到抑制,即,由於本文中所描述之障壁層之阻礙。 圖10至圖16、圖17A、圖17B、圖18A、圖18B、圖19及圖20係展示根據本揭露之一些實施例之製造一半導體結構中之中間操作的剖面圖。為體現全面性,基板100之左側展示一PMOS 20A之製造操作,且基板100之右側展示一NMOS 20B之製造操作。在圖10中,使一犧牲層1003形成於一基板100之一頂面100T上方。在一些實施例中,犧牲層1003可為藉由CVD、PVD或其他適合方法所沈積之氧化物或氮化物。在PMOS 20A中,執行一第一植入操作1001以形成自頂面100T向下延伸之一n型井1001A。在一些實施例中,第一植入之高能量摻雜劑穿透犧牲層1003而進入至基板100中。類似地,在NMOS 20B中,執行一第二植入操作1001'以形成自頂面100T向下延伸之一p型井1001B。在第一植入操作與第二植入操作之間進行遮罩或光阻圖案化以分別形成n型井1001A及p型井1001B,且為簡潔起見,此處省略遮罩或光阻圖案化。另外,形成p型井1001B未必為緊跟形成n型井1001A之後之操作。在一些實施例中,可在製造NMOS 20B之操作之前執行製造PMOS 20A之操作。在一些實施例中,可在製造NMOS 20B之操作之後執行製造PMOS 20A之操作。 在圖11中,執行一第一抗穿通(APT)植入操作1002以將n型摻雜劑(例如磷或砷)提供至PMOS 20A中之一第一APT區域101P中。第一APT區域101P淺於n型井1001A且接近頂面100T。執行一第二抗穿通(APT)植入操作1002'以將p型摻雜劑(例如硼)提供至NMOS 20B中之一第一APT區域101P'中。第二APT區域101P'淺於p型井1001B且接近頂面100T。第一APT區域101P及第二APT區域101P'兩者位於犧牲層1003下方且鄰接犧牲層1003。在圖12中,藉由氧化物或氮化物剝離操作來自PMOS 20A及NMOS 20B中之半導體基板100之頂面100T移除犧牲層1003。 在圖13中,將一障壁層110A、110B沈積於先前自其移除犧牲層1003之頂面100T上方。在一些實施例中,障壁層110A、110B與頂面100T直接接觸。將障壁層110A指派為PMOS 20A中之部分且將障壁層110B指派為NMOS 20B中之部分。在一些實施例中,障壁層110A、110B藉由一單一沈積操作來形成且係由相同材料組成。換言之,使障壁層110A及障壁層110B同時形成於頂面100T上方。在一些實施例中,障壁層110A、110B係一結晶層,此係因為隨後覆加材料係結晶材料,當下伏模板亦為結晶結構時,較佳地獲得具有滿意結晶度之結晶層。就此而言,若一Si/SiGe堆疊將形成於障壁層110A、110B上方,則障壁層110A、110B可為一結晶矽層或一結晶矽鍺層。在其他實施例中,為減小摻雜劑擴散程度,障壁層110A、110B可為摻碳的,例如一摻碳結晶矽層或一摻碳結晶矽鍺層。在一些實施例中,鑑於諸如對應摻雜劑擴散長度及蝕刻能力之因數,障壁層110A、110B之一厚度T3可在自約1 nm至約10 nm之一範圍內。例如,障壁層之厚度T3應至少大於n型摻雜劑最初在APT區域101P中或p型摻雜劑最初在APT區域101P'中時之一擴散長度。另一方面,障壁層之厚度T3應至少薄於允許在不損壞半導體基板100之下伏頂面100T之情況下完全移除障壁層之一臨界厚度。 在圖14中,使一第一通道材料及第二通道材料堆疊形成於障壁層110A、110B上方。例如,使一矽及矽鍺堆疊140形成於障壁層110A、110B上方。例如,使一第一矽及矽鍺堆疊形成於基板100上方。第一矽及矽鍺堆疊包含一或多個矽層及一或多個矽鍺層。例如,第一矽及矽鍺堆疊包含一第一矽鍺層101A、一第一矽層101B、一第二矽鍺層102A、一第二矽層102B、一第三矽鍺層103A、一第三矽層103B。應瞭解,可形成任何數目個矽層或矽鍺層。在一實例中,一矽鍺層包括約20%至約75%之間的鍺。替代地,上述矽鍺層101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之至少一者可由一純鍺層替換。接著,圖案化矽及矽鍺堆疊140、障壁層110A、110B及基板100以形成由一STI 103分離之半導體鰭片100A及100B,如圖15中所展示。 在圖16中,使一輸入/輸出(I/O)氧化物層150保形地形成於鰭片100A、100B之部分、經圖案化矽及矽鍺堆疊140及STI 103之頂面上方。在形成輸入/輸出(I/O)氧化物層150之後,藉由一後續圖案化操作來橫跨第一鰭片100A及第二鰭片100B正交地形成一虛設閘極160。虛設閘極160係藉由一圖案化技術所形成之一犧牲閘極,諸如一多晶矽閘極。在虛設閘極160形成之後,在源極/汲極201A、201B形成之前將虛設閘極160用作用於源極/汲極區域(圖16中未展示)處之後續第一奈米線釋放操作之一硬遮罩。可取決於用於障壁層110A、110B之材料而在源極/汲極區域處之第一奈米線釋放操作期間移除或不移除障壁。例如,若將結晶矽或摻碳結晶矽用作障壁層110A,則當釋放一PMOS中之矽鍺奈米線時,將藉由適當蝕刻劑來移除包含障壁層110A之基於矽之材料。另一方面,當釋放對應NMOS中之矽奈米線時,將藉由適當蝕刻劑來移除基於矽鍺之材料以使障壁層110A在第一奈米線釋放操作之後完好無損。在PMOS及對應NMOS中之第一奈米線釋放操作之後,隨後將使一源極/汲極201A、201B形成於所釋放之奈米線之兩端處。 圖17A及圖18A展示將矽或摻碳矽用作障壁層110A、110B時之PMOS 20A及NMOS 20B中之通道區域處之一第二奈米線釋放操作。與第一奈米線釋放操作相比,第二奈米線釋放操作在一虛設閘極移除操作之後於原來由虛設閘極160覆蓋之通道區域處進行,而第一奈米線釋放操作在將虛設閘極160用作一硬遮罩時於源極/汲極201A、201B處進行。在圖17A中,將硬遮罩170安置於PMOS 20A上方且使NMOS 20B暴露於一矽奈米線釋放操作。如先前所討論,由於障壁層110B係由矽或摻碳矽組成,所以在矽奈米線釋放操作之後保留障壁層110B,因為用於釋放Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B之蝕刻劑對基於矽之材料具有較低選擇性且對非基於矽之材料(例如基於矽鍺之材料)具有較高選擇性。類似地,在圖18A中,將硬遮罩180安置於NMOS 20B上方且使PMOS 20A暴露於一矽鍺奈米線釋放操作。如先前所討論,由於障壁層110A亦係由矽或摻碳矽組成,所以在矽鍺奈米線釋放操作之後移除障壁層110A,因為用於釋放SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之蝕刻劑對基於矽鍺之材料具有較低選擇性且對非基於矽鍺之材料(例如基於矽之材料)具有較高選擇性。 圖17B及圖18B展示將矽鍺或摻碳矽鍺用作障壁層110A、110B時之PMOS 20A及NMOS 20B中之通道區域處之一第二奈米線釋放操作。與第一奈米線釋放操作相比,第二奈米線釋放操作在一虛設閘極移除操作之後於原來由虛設閘極160覆蓋之通道區域處進行,而第一奈米線釋放操作在將虛設閘極160用作一硬遮罩時於源極/汲極201A、201B處進行。在圖17B中,將硬遮罩170安置於PMOS 20A上方且使NMOS 20B暴露於一矽奈米線釋放操作。如先前所討論,由於障壁層110B係由矽鍺或摻碳矽鍺組成,所以在矽奈米線釋放操作之後移除障壁層110B,因為用於釋放Si奈米線101B、102B、103B、104B、105B之蝕刻劑對基於矽之材料具有較低選擇性且對非基於矽之材料(例如基於矽鍺之材料)具有較高選擇性。類似地,在圖18B中,將硬遮罩180安置於NMOS 20B上方且使PMOS 20A暴露於一矽鍺奈米線釋放操作。如先前所討論,由於障壁層110A亦係由矽鍺或摻碳矽鍺組成,所以在矽鍺奈米線釋放操作之後保留障壁層110A,因為用於釋放SiGe奈米線101A、102A、103A、104A、105A之蝕刻劑對基於矽鍺之材料具有較低選擇性且對非基於矽鍺之材料(例如基於矽之材料)具有較高選擇性。 圖19展示移除圖18A中之硬遮罩180之後之一半導體結構190。NMOS 20B使障壁層110B保留於APT區域101P'上方,而PMOS 20A中之障壁層110A已在上文所描述之第二奈米線釋放操作期間被移除。隨後,沈積閘極材料以填充相鄰釋放奈米線之間的空間及頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A或底部Si奈米線101B之間的空間。在一些實施例中,在NMOS 20B之前執行PMOS 20A處之閘極材料填充。在其他實施例中,在PMOS 20A之前執行NMOS 20B處之閘極材料填充。在一些實施例中,在PMOS 20A及NMOS 20B中,可在複數個釋放奈米線周圍及複數個釋放奈米線周圍上方形成包含界面層材料、高k介電層、氮化鈦覆蓋層、功函數金屬層及鎢閘極金屬之閘極材料。 圖20展示移除圖18B中之硬遮罩180之後之一半導體結構200。PMOS 20A使障壁層110A保留於APT區域101P上方,而NMOS 20B中之障壁層110B已在上文所描述之第二奈米線釋放操作期間被移除。隨後,沈積閘極材料以填充相鄰釋放奈米線之間的空間及頂面100T與底部SiGe奈米線101A或底部Si奈米線101B之間的空間。在一些實施例中,在NMOS 20B之前執行PMOS 20A處之閘極材料填充。在其他實施例中,在PMOS 20A之前執行NMOS 20B處之閘極材料填充。在一些實施例中,在PMOS 20A及NMOS 20B中,可在複數個釋放奈米線周圍及複數個釋放奈米線上方形成包含界面層材料、高k介電層、氮化鈦覆蓋層、功函數金屬層及鎢閘極金屬之閘極材料。 一些實施例提供一種半導體結構,其包含一第一電晶體。該第一電晶體包含一半導體基板,其具有一頂面及該頂面處之摻雜有一第一導電性摻雜劑之一第一抗穿通區域。該第一電晶體進一步包含位於該半導體基板之該頂面上方一第一距離處之一第一通道。該第一通道處之該第一導電性摻雜劑之一濃度低於該半導體基板之該頂面處之該第一導電性摻雜劑之一濃度。 一些實施例提供一種用於製造一半導體結構之方法,其包含:(1)使一第一抗穿通區域形成於一第一電晶體區域處之一半導體基板之一頂面處;(2)藉由生長一結晶層來使一障壁層形成於該第一電晶體區域處之該半導體基板之該頂面上方;及(3)使一第一通道材料及第二通道材料堆疊形成於該障壁層上方。 一些實施例提供一種用於製造一PMOS結構之方法,其包含:(1)使一N型井區域形成於一半導體基板中;(2)使具有n型摻雜劑之一抗穿通區域形成於該半導體基板中;(3)使具有大於該等n型摻雜劑之一擴散長度之一厚度之一擴散障壁層形成於該半導體基板之一頂面上方;(4)使一SiGe奈米線通道層形成於該擴散障壁層上方;(5)形成一SiGe奈米線通道且移除該SiGe奈米線通道下方之該擴散障壁層。 儘管已詳細描述本發明實施例及其優點,但應瞭解,可在不背離隨附專利申請範圍界定之本發明實施例之精神及範疇之情況下對本文進行各種改變、置換及變更。例如,上文所討論之諸多程序可以不同方法實施且可由其他程序或其等之一組合替換。 此外,不意欲使本申請案之範疇受限於本說明書中所描述之程序、機器、製造、物質組成、手段、方法及步驟之特定實施例。一般技術者將易於自本發明實施例之揭露瞭解,可根據本發明實施例來利用現存或後來將發展之程序、機器、製造、物質組成、手段、方法或步驟,其等執行實質上相同於本文中所描述之對應實施例之功能或達成實質上相同於本文中所描述之對應實施例之結果。據此,隨附專利申請範圍意欲將此等程序、機器、製造、物質組成、手段、方法或步驟包含於其範疇內。
20A‧‧‧主動區域/PMOS20B‧‧‧主動區域/NMOS30‧‧‧半導體結構40‧‧‧半導體結構50‧‧‧半導體結構60‧‧‧半導體結構70‧‧‧PMOS半導體結構80‧‧‧PMOS及NMOS半導體結構100‧‧‧基板100A‧‧‧半導體鰭片/第一鰭片100B‧‧‧半導體鰭片/第二鰭片100T‧‧‧頂面101A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線101B‧‧‧Si奈米線101P‧‧‧抗穿通區域(APT)101P'‧‧‧APT102A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線102B‧‧‧Si奈米線103‧‧‧隔離結構103A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線103B‧‧‧Si奈米線104A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線104B‧‧‧Si奈米線105A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線105B‧‧‧Si奈米線110A‧‧‧障壁層110B‧‧‧障壁層140‧‧‧矽及矽鍺堆疊150‧‧‧輸入/輸出(I/O)氧化物層160‧‧‧虛設閘極170‧‧‧硬遮罩180‧‧‧硬遮罩190‧‧‧半導體結構200‧‧‧閘極/半導體結構200'‧‧‧閘極201A‧‧‧源極/汲極區域201B‧‧‧源極/汲極區域201A'‧‧‧源極/汲極區域201B'‧‧‧源極/汲極區域901‧‧‧資料903‧‧‧資料1001‧‧‧第一植入操作1001'‧‧‧第二植入操作1001A‧‧‧n型井1001B‧‧‧p型井1002‧‧‧第一抗穿通(APT)植入操作1002'‧‧‧第二抗穿通(APT)植入操作1003‧‧‧犧牲層T1‧‧‧距離T2‧‧‧距離T3‧‧‧厚度
附圖中依舉例而非限制之方式繪示一或多個實施例,其中具有相同元件符號之元件表示所有圖中之相同元件。除非另有揭露,否則圖式未按比例繪製。 圖1A係展示一奈米線及一半導體鰭片結構中之庫侖散射的一說明圖。 圖1B係展示一奈米線及一半導體鰭片結構中之對相對於帶電粒子數目之載子移動率變化之效應的一圖式。 圖2A及圖2B係展示根據本揭露之一些實施例之一非平面半導體結構及不同位置處之剖切線的俯視圖。 圖3係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線AA'剖切之一半導體結構之一剖面圖。 圖4係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線AA'剖切之一半導體結構之一剖面圖。 圖5係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2B之剖切線BB'剖切之一半導體結構之一剖面圖。 圖6係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2B之剖切線BB'剖切之一半導體結構之一剖面圖。 圖7係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線剖切之一PMOS半導體結構之一簡化剖面圖。 圖8係根據本揭露之一些實施例之沿圖2A之剖切線剖切之一PMOS半導體結構及一NMOS半導體結構之一簡化剖面圖。 圖9係展示根據本揭露之一些實施例之兩種情境(具有或不具有本文中所描述之障壁層)下之第一矽鍺奈米線及半導體基板中之磷濃度的一SIMS分佈圖。 圖10至圖16、圖17A、圖17B、圖18A、圖18B、圖19及圖20係展示根據本揭露之一些實施例之製造一半導體結構中之中間操作的剖面圖。
20A‧‧‧主動區域/PMOS
20B‧‧‧主動區域/NMOS
30‧‧‧半導體結構
100‧‧‧基板
100A‧‧‧半導體鰭片/第一鰭片
100B‧‧‧半導體鰭片/第二鰭片
100T‧‧‧頂面
101A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線
101B‧‧‧Si奈米線
101P‧‧‧抗穿通區域(APT)
101P'‧‧‧APT
102A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線
102B‧‧‧Si奈米線
103‧‧‧隔離結構
103A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線
103B‧‧‧Si奈米線
104A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線
104B‧‧‧Si奈米線
105A‧‧‧SiGe奈米線
105B‧‧‧Si奈米線
110B‧‧‧障壁層
200‧‧‧閘極
200'‧‧‧閘極
T1‧‧‧距離
Claims (10)
- 一種半導體結構,其包括:一第一電晶體,其包括:一半導體基板,其具有一頂面及該頂面處之摻雜有一第一導電性摻雜劑之一第一抗穿通區域;一第一通道,其位於該半導體基板之該頂面上方一第一距離處,其中該第一通道處之該第一導電性摻雜劑之一濃度低於該半導體基板之該頂面處之該第一導電性摻雜劑之一濃度;以及一隔離結構,其位於該半導體基板上,該第一抗穿通區域的一頂面高於該隔離結構的一頂面。
- 一種用於製造一半導體結構之方法,其包括:在一第一電晶體區域處的一半導體基板之一頂面處形成一第一抗穿通區域;藉由一生長結晶層來在該第一電晶體區域處的該半導體基板之該頂面上方形成一障壁層;在該障壁層上方形成一第一通道材料層且形成一第二通道材料層;及完全移除該第一電晶體區域處之該障壁層。
- 如請求項2之方法,其進一步包括:在一第二電晶體區域處的該半導體基板之頂面處形成一第二抗穿通 區域;及在於該第一電晶體區域處之該頂面上方形成該障壁層之同時,在該第二電晶體區域處之該半導體基板之該頂面上方形成該障壁層。
- 如請求項3之方法,其中該第一通道材料層處於該障壁層與該第二通道材料層之間,且該障壁層包括該第一通道材料層之材料、該第一通道材料層之碳摻雜材料或其組合。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中移除該第一電晶體區域處之該障壁層進一步包括:設置覆蓋該第二電晶體區域且暴露該第一電晶體區域之第一遮罩層;移除該第一電晶體區域處之該第一通道材料層及該障壁層;在移除該第一電晶體區域處之該障壁層之後,設置覆蓋該第一電晶體區域處之該第二通道材料層且暴露該第二電晶體區域之第二遮罩層;及移除該第二電晶體區域處之該第二通道材料層。
- 一種用於形成一PMOS結構之方法,其包括:在一半導體基板中形成一N井區域及一P井區域;在該半導體基板之該N井區域中形成具有n型摻雜劑之一抗穿通區域;在該半導體基板之一頂面上方形成厚度大於該n型摻雜劑之擴散長度 的一擴散障壁層;在該擴散障壁層上方形成一SiGe通道層;在該SiGe通道層上方形成一Si通道層;設置覆蓋該半導體基板中之該P井區域且暴露該N井區域的一遮罩層;及移除該N井區域上方之該擴散障壁層之一部分及該Si通道層之一部分。
- 一種用於製造一半導體結構之方法,其包括:在一半導體基板中形成一抗穿通區域;在該抗穿通區域上方形成一障壁層;在該障壁層上方形成一第一通道材料層及一第二通道材料層;移除該障壁層及該第一通道材料層使得該抗穿通區域暴露;及在移除該障壁層之後形成包圍該第二通道材料層之閘極。
- 一種半導體結構,其包括:一基板;一第一鰭片及一第二鰭片,其形成在該基板上方;形成在該第一鰭片中之一第一抗穿通區域及形成在該第二鰭片中之一第二抗穿通區域;形成在該第一鰭片上方之一第一奈米結構及形成在該第二鰭片上方之一第二奈米結構;一障壁層,其形成在該第二抗穿通區域上方; 一第一閘極,其圍繞該第一奈米結構形成;及一第二閘極,其圍繞該第二奈米結構形成,其中該障壁層與該第二抗穿通區域之間的一界面高於該第一抗穿通區域與該第一閘極之間的一界面。
- 一種半導體結構,其包括:一基板;形成在該基板上方之一第一鰭片及形成在該第一鰭片上方之一第一奈米結構,其中該第一鰭片包括一第一抗穿通區域;形成在該基板上方之一第二鰭片及形成在該第二鰭片上方之一第二奈米結構,其中該第二鰭片包括一第二抗穿通區域;一隔離結構,其圍繞該第一鰭片及該第二鰭片形成;一障壁層,其形成在該第二鰭片上方且覆蓋該第二抗穿通區域之一頂面;一第一閘極,其環繞該第一奈米結構;及一第二閘極,其環繞該第二奈米結構,其中該障壁層之一頂面高於該隔離結構之一頂面。
- 一種用於製造一半導體結構之方法,其包括:形成一基板之第一區域中之一第一抗穿通區域及該基板之第二區域中之一第二抗穿通區域;在該第一區域及該第二區域上方形成一障壁層以覆蓋該第一抗穿通區域及該第二抗穿通區域; 在該障壁層上方交替地堆疊一第一半導體材料層及一第二半導體材料層;圖案化該第一半導體材料層、該第二半導體材料層及該障壁層,以形成該第一區域中之一第一鰭片及該第二區域中之一第二鰭片;移除該第二鰭片之該第一半導體材料層以形成一第二奈米結構;移除該第一鰭片之該第二半導體材料層以形成一第一奈米結構;移除該第一區域上方之該障壁層;在該第二區域中圍繞該第一奈米結構且在該障壁層上方形成一第一閘極;及在該第一區域中圍繞該第二奈米結構形成一第二閘極,其中該障壁層與該第二抗穿通區域之間的一界介面高於該第一閘極與該第一抗穿通區域之間的一界介面。
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