TWI759010B - A quick way to turn organic waste into organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizers, comprising: a solid-liquid separation step, a foreign matter removal step, a modification step, a pulverization step, a dehydration step, a pretreatment step and a reaction step; wherein the modification step is adjusted by using auxiliary materials The properties of organic waste; the pulverization step and dehydration step are to pulverize the solid organic waste into small particles of organic waste scraps; the pretreatment step is to add microorganisms and/or enzymes to the organic waste scraps and produce them in the reaction step. The waste heat is used for preheating and pre-mixing; the reaction step is to gradually heat up the material to a completion temperature in several preset temperature-raising operation intervals according to the type of organic waste, and then maintain a preset time length to gradually dry to become organic fertilizer. The method of the invention is better than the traditional composting method in that the organic waste can be quickly made into the organic fertilizer within a few hours.

Description

A quick way to turn organic waste into organic fertilizer

The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste treatment, in particular to a method that can quickly turn organic waste into organic fertilizer within a few hours.

Organic waste means waste containing organic matter, generally speaking, livestock waste, agricultural waste, and food waste are the bulk. Among them, livestock wastes such as livestock manure, animal carcasses and residual feed; agricultural wastes such as cereal wastes and vegetable and fruit wastes; food wastes such as food factory wastes, food wastes generated daily in markets, and derived from schools and restaurants. of food waste and household food waste, of which household food waste is the largest. Organic waste, if not properly disposed of, will cause environmental and biological hazards, such as odor, soil and groundwater contamination.

Remaking organic waste into organic fertilizer is one of the many ways to deal with organic waste. According to relevant regulations in my country, organic waste that is allowed to be used can be divided into those that require composting (fermentation) treatment and those that do not require composting. processor. At present, the main method of remaking organic waste into organic fertilizer mostly adopts composting method. The composting method mainly uses microorganisms to proliferate and decompose and metabolize organic wastes, and then convert organic substances into stable and humus-like compost products. , and this transformation process is called composting, and the quality of compost is closely related to the appropriateness of its manufacturing process.

The composting method mostly adopts aerobic decomposition method, but its decomposition speed is slow and time-consuming, it needs to occupy a large site and is easily affected by the ambient temperature. Generally, it takes about 1 to 4 months to complete the composting process. use. Another anaerobic digestion method using anaerobic fermentation also takes several days to tens of days to complete. The composting method requires long-term fermentation and a large composting space. It also requires a lot of labor to turn the heap, and it will cause problems of odor and waste water. It cannot be used to digest the large amount of organic waste generated every day in the city. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of traditional composting methods, the industry has developed a technology to use mechanical equipment and digestion tanks to treat organic wastes. Basically, rapid fermentation is carried out by heating fermentation and drying. The product after rapid fermentation also needs to be piled up for more than 1 week before it can be used as fertilizer.

In the authorized Chinese invention patent authorization announcement number CN102351604B, a "bio-organic compound fertilizer produced from food waste and its manufacturing method" is proposed. , rice bran cake, corn husk dregs, bone meal, organic fertilizer fast fermenting bacteria inoculant, organic decomposing agent, etc.) are mixed evenly to make powder or granules and then packaged to become food waste bio-organic compound fertilizer products. Although some problems of composting are solved, the materials and additives used are extremely complicated, and the types of organic wastes that can be used in the method of the invention are also limited.

In addition, in the Taiwan Invention Patent Certificate No. I347931, which has been authorized and announced, a "continuous organic fertilizer generation system" is proposed, which is to pass the organic matter through a squeezing and chopping moisture control device, a reactant adding device, and a first mixing device. The continuous production system composed of the conveying device, a second extruder and chopper and a second mixing and conveying device can continuously process the organic matter to continuously generate organic fertilizer. Although this continuous organic fertilizer generation system can achieve the purpose of continuously processing organic matter and generating organic fertilizer, the equipment and its processing flow are relatively complicated. The recycling of water requires the configuration of filtration devices, and the need for organic matter in the treatment process. It has to be squeezed and chopped twice.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly preparing organic wastes into organic fertilizers, through which the organic wastes can be rapidly prepared into organic fertilizers within a few hours.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the method for quickly making organic wastes into organic fertilizers in the present invention comprises the following steps:

The solid-liquid separation step is to separate the liquid organic waste in the organic waste and leave the solid organic waste;

The foreign matter removal step removes non-organic matter in solid organic waste;

In the modification step, auxiliary materials are added to the solid organic waste to adjust the properties of the solid organic waste;

In the pulverizing step, the solid organic waste is pulverized into small particles (the particle size is preferably less than 5mm) of organic waste scraps;

In the dehydration step, the moisture content of the organic waste scraps after the pulverization step is controlled within the range of 45% to 55%;

In the step of adding microorganisms and/or enzymes, microorganisms and/or enzymes are added to the organic waste scraps processed by the dehydration step and mixed together to form an organic waste mixture, wherein the percentage by weight of the microorganisms and/or enzymes in the organic waste mixture is: 1.5wt%~2.5wt%;

A pretreatment step, mixing the organic waste mixture including microorganisms and/or enzymes and organic waste scraps thoroughly and preheating; and

In the reaction step, according to the type of organic waste, the organic The waste mixture is gradually heated up to a completion temperature, and then maintained at the completion temperature for a fourth period of time and gradually dried to become organic fertilizer, wherein the preset temperature-raising operation intervals include: a normal temperature operation interval, a medium temperature operation interval and a high temperature operation interval, wherein The preheating temperature of preheating is lower than the lowest temperature in the normal temperature operation range, wherein the normal temperature operation range is to increase the temperature from room temperature to 40°C after a first period of time, and the medium temperature operation range is to start the temperature from 40°C to 40°C. After a second period of time, the temperature is increased to 60°C, and the high temperature operation range is to increase the temperature from 60°C to 80°C after a third period of time.

The types of organic wastes described therein include: raw kitchen waste, cooked kitchen waste, livestock manure and slaughtering waste.

The pulverizing step is to pulverize the solid organic waste into organic waste scraps with a particle size of less than 5 mm.

Wherein the pretreatment step further comprises adding amino acid into the organic waste mixture.

The pretreatment step further includes adding auxiliary materials into the organic waste mixture to adjust the moisture content of the organic waste mixture to be 45%-55% and the pH value of the mixture to be PH 5.0-PH 8.0.

The auxiliary materials are selected from the group consisting of plant ash, rice husk, rice husk ash, carbonized rice husk and oyster husk powder.

The added amount of chaff accounts for 1wt% to 2wt% of the organic waste mixture.

As a preferred embodiment of the method for rapidly preparing organic wastes into organic fertilizers of the present invention, the method includes storing the crushed and dehydrated organic waste scraps in a silo, and then storing them in a silo. The organic waste scraps in the silo are subjected to the subsequent steps of adding microorganisms and/or enzymes, pretreatment steps and reaction steps in quantitative batches.

The microorganisms can be high-temperature bacteria or general decomposing bacteria, and the enzymes are high-temperature-resistant enzymes.

The time lengths of the raw kitchen waste in several heating operation intervals of the reaction step are respectively: the first time length is 30 minutes, the second time length is 40 minutes, the third time length is 50 minutes, and the fourth time length is 30 minutes .

The time lengths of cooked food waste in several temperature-raising operation intervals of the reaction step are respectively: the first time length is 30 minutes, the second time length is 50 minutes, the third time length is 60 minutes, and the fourth time length is 40 minutes .

Wherein, the time lengths of livestock manure in several temperature-raising operation intervals of the reaction step are respectively: the first time length is 30 minutes, the second time length is 40 minutes, the third time length is 60 minutes, and the fourth time length is 30 minutes .

The time lengths of the slaughter waste in several temperature-raising operation intervals of the reaction step are: the first time length is 30 minutes, the second time length is 50 minutes, the third time length is 70 minutes, and the fourth time length is 45 minutes .

The advantages and effects of the method for rapidly preparing organic wastes into organic fertilizers of the present invention lie in that, through the continuous implementation of the above-mentioned method steps of the present invention, organic wastes can be rapidly prepared into organic fertilizers within several hours.

10: Solid-liquid separation step

20: Foreign body removal steps

30: Modification step

40: Crushing step

50: Dehydration step

51: Stored in the silo

60: Steps for adding microorganisms and/or enzymes

70: Preprocessing step

80: Reaction step

Fig. 1 is a preferred implementation of the method for quickly making organic waste into organic fertilizer according to the present invention Example flow chart of steps.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of another preferred embodiment of the method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer according to the present invention.

First, please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a flow chart of steps of a preferred embodiment of the method for rapidly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer according to the present invention. The steps of a preferred embodiment of the method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizers of the present invention include: solid-liquid separation step 10, foreign matter removal step 20, modification step 30, pulverization step 40, dehydration step 50, adding microorganisms and /or enzyme step 60 , pretreatment step 70 and reaction step 80 .

The solid-liquid separation step 10 is basically to separate the liquid organic wastes in the organic wastes and then leave the solid organic wastes; one of the embodiments is to use a water filter vibrating screen to filter out the soup in the organic wastes or To filter moisture, in a preferred embodiment, a conveyor belt can be used to transport organic waste. The conveyor belt has mesh holes and is connected to a vibrator. Therefore, the organic waste can be simultaneously treated with solid-liquid separation during the conveying process.

The foreign object removal step 20 is basically to remove non-organic substances in the solid organic waste, and the non-organic substances include but are not limited to, for example, metals and plastics. The preferred embodiment of the foreign substance removal step 20 includes manual removal and/or magnetic removal. , Magnetic removal can remove ferrous metals; among them, manual removal can be carried out in the process of conveying organic waste by conveyor belt.

The modification step 30 is mainly to adjust the properties of the solid organic waste (such as pH value, friction coefficient, and odor removal) by adding auxiliary materials to the solid organic waste. The auxiliary materials It is selected from the group consisting of plant ash, chaff, chaff ash, carbonized chaff and oyster husk meal. A preferred embodiment is to use conveyor belts to transport organic waste In the process of dehydration, an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials is added to improve the friction coefficient of the organic waste, which is beneficial to improve the dehydration effect in the subsequent dehydration steps.

The pulverization step 40 and the dehydration step 50 basically pulverize the solid organic waste into small particles (preferably with a particle size of less than 5 mm) organic waste scraps, so that the microorganisms and/or enzymes added in the subsequent steps can penetrate more easily Organic waste scraps. A preferred embodiment of the pulverizing step 40 is to use a pulverizer to pulverize the solid organic waste into organic waste scraps with a particle size of less than 5 mm. In order to achieve the purpose of rapidly and continuously processing organic waste, a preferred embodiment The dehydration step 50 is to transport the organic waste scraps generated after the pulverization step 40 to a screw dehydrator through a screw conveyor.

The step 60 of adding microorganisms and/or enzymes is to add the microorganisms and/or enzymes to the organic waste scraps processed in the dehydration step 50 and mix them together into an organic waste mixture, and use the microorganisms and/or enzymes to decompose and ripen the organic waste scraps . In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight percentage of microorganisms and/or enzymes in the organic waste mixture is 1.5wt%~2.5wt%, the microorganisms can be high temperature bacteria or general decomposing bacteria, and the enzymes are high temperature resistant enzymes, even if The organic waste fragments can still be decomposed and aged at temperatures above 70°C.

The pretreatment step 70 is basically to fully mix and preheat the organic waste mixture containing microorganisms and/or enzymes and organic waste scraps, in short, pre-mixing and preheating; one of the preheating is more In a preferred embodiment, the waste heat generated in the subsequent reaction step 70 is used for preheating and pre-mixing, which can save energy and speed up processing.

The reaction step 80 is basically to gradually heat up the organic waste mixture to a completion temperature in a number of preset temperature-raising operation intervals according to the type of the organic waste, and then maintain the completion temperature for a fourth time period and gradually dry it to become organic fertilizer, wherein Preset several heating operation zones The intervals include: normal temperature operation interval, medium temperature operation interval and high temperature operation interval, wherein the preheating temperature of preheating is lower than the minimum temperature of the normal temperature operation interval, and the normal temperature operation interval is the temperature from room temperature after a first time length. Rising to 40°C, the medium temperature operation range is to raise the temperature from 40°C to 60°C after a second period of time, and the high temperature operation zone is to raise the temperature from 60°C to 80°C after a third time period.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for rapidly preparing organic wastes into organic fertilizers, wherein the organic wastes include: raw kitchen waste, cooked kitchen waste, livestock manure, slaughtering waste, and agricultural waste ( Including plant stubble and litter); the types of organic wastes listed above are only to enumerate the general application scope to which the method of the present invention is applicable, and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the items that can be treated by the method of the present invention also include biological sludge from wastewater treatment plants.

In order to enable the high temperature-resistant enzyme to rapidly decompose and ripen the organic waste in the reaction step 80, and to make the microorganisms and/or enzymes exert greater benefits, the entire reaction step 80 is divided into several temperature-raising operation intervals, and different types of organic waste Each temperature-raising operation interval of the compound in the reaction step 80 has a preset temperature and time length, see Table 1 below.

In other embodiments of the present invention, wherein the pretreatment step further includes adding amino acids to the organic waste mixture to adjust the nutrient content of the final organic fertilizer.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a flow chart of steps of another preferred embodiment of the method for rapidly turning organic waste into organic fertilizers of the present invention. The difference from Fig. 1 is that Fig. 2 shows another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, in which the moisture content and pH value of the organic waste mixture are adjusted again in the pretreatment step 70, one of which is The moisture content and pH value are adjusted by adding the above-mentioned auxiliary materials. Preferably, the organic waste mixture has a moisture content of 45% to 55% and a pH value of 5.0 to 8.0. Appropriate moisture content is helpful for microorganisms and/or enzymes to decompose and ripen organic waste scraps. According to the use or needs of the organic fertilizer, the pH value of the final organic fertilizer is controlled at PH 5.0~PH 8.0 by adding auxiliary materials again, for example, it is used to adjust and balance the pH value of the soil.

The purpose and effect of adding auxiliary materials by the method of the present invention include:

(1) To increase the friction coefficient, the dehydration effect can be improved in the dehydration step 50 . Organic waste needs to be pulverized and then dehydrated to facilitate microbial and/or enzyme reaction and ripening. Generally speaking, kitchen waste contains a lot of rice, noodles, and bread. . Other starchy foods and fatty foods have low friction and are not easy to dehydrate. Additional materials can be added to increase their friction and improve dehydration efficiency. For example, adding rice husks can effectively improve the dehydration effect. The amount of rice husks depends on kitchen waste. The addition amount is adjusted according to the oxygen fermentation conditions. Preferably, the addition amount of the chaff accounts for 1% to 2% (weight percentage) of the kitchen waste or organic waste.

(2) Another purpose and function of adding auxiliary materials is to adjust the pH value (PH value). Since the pH value of organic fertilizers has a certain degree of influence on soil and crops, the acidity of kitchen waste or organic waste The alkali value varies depending on the degree of anaerobic fermentation. Generally, organic fertilizers with a pH value between 4 and 5 are acidic. It is necessary to add adjustment materials to increase the pH value so as not to cause damage to the soil and crops.

(3) Another purpose and function of adding auxiliary materials is to adjust the moisture content of solid organic waste or organic waste mixture. If the moisture content is too high, it will require more heat energy to achieve the ideal Therefore, an appropriate moisture content can save the energy consumption of the subsequent reaction step 80 and improve the reaction rate, and also help to save the energy consumption and time of drying the finished organic fertilizer. Since water easily absorbs heat, too much water just wastes heat energy and delays the reaction time, while too low water content will affect the reaction effect of microorganisms and/or enzymes (such as high temperature resistant enzymes) in the subsequent reaction step 80, and cannot completely decompose and ripen organic wastes .

The selection conditions of the auxiliary materials are basically related to the type of organic waste and the ambient temperature. An example is as follows: Before implementing the method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizers of the present invention, the organic waste is usually placed for a period of time after it is collected. Generally speaking, organic wastes are acidic. Depending on the storage time and the degree of anaerobic fermentation, the pH value is also different. To adjust the pH value, different auxiliary materials can be used. Among them, the pH of plant ash and rice husk ash The value is higher, followed by carbonized rice husk, followed by oyster husk powder.

In summer, due to the higher temperature and faster anaerobic fermentation and lower pH value (about 3.5~4.5), auxiliary materials with higher pH value can be selected, such as plant ash, rice husk ash and carbonized rice husk. In winter, due to the low temperature, slow anaerobic fermentation and high pH value (about 4~5), auxiliary materials with low pH value can be selected. In addition to the above-mentioned plant ash and rice husk ash, carbonized rice husk can be selected.

In addition, it is worth noting that the use of carbonized rice husks can not only adjust the pH value, but also reduce the odor and odor during processing. Because of the high cost, oyster shell powder can also be added if it is used for specific purposes.

As shown in FIG. 2 , as another preferred embodiment of the method for rapidly producing organic waste from organic waste according to the present invention, the method includes first storing the crushed and dehydrated organic waste scraps in a silo 51, and then storing them in a silo 51. The organic waste scraps in the silo are subjected to the subsequent step 60 of adding microorganisms and/or enzymes, the pretreatment step 70 and the reaction step 80 by means of quantitative batch processing. The actual needs, the quantity of each batch can be 100 liters to 1000 liters. The method of the present invention has been proved by actual operation, and the method of the present invention can quickly turn organic waste into organic fertilizer within a few hours, or even within 4 hours at the fastest. For Yu, it has great commercial operation value and excellent results.

Although the technical features, effects and exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above through the above-mentioned embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, should Slight changes and modifications may be made, so the scope of the patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by those defined by the claims of the present application.

10: Solid-liquid separation step

20: Foreign body removal steps

30: Modification step

40: Crushing step

50: Dehydration step

60: Steps for adding microorganisms and/or enzymes

70: Preprocessing step

80: Reaction step

Claims (11)

A method for rapidly producing organic fertilizer from organic waste, which is used to turn raw kitchen waste, cooked food waste, livestock manure and slaughter waste into organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: a solid-liquid separation step, wherein the organic waste is The liquid organic waste in the solid organic waste is separated and solid organic waste is left; the foreign matter removal step is to remove non-organic substances in the solid organic waste; the modification step is to add auxiliary materials to the solid organic waste, and the auxiliary materials are is selected from the group consisting of plant ash, rice husk, rice husk ash, carbonized rice husk and oyster husk powder; a pulverizing step, pulverizing the solid organic waste into small particles of organic waste scraps; a dehydrating step, pulverizing the pulverized organic waste The moisture content of the organic waste scraps after the step is controlled in the range of 45% to 55%; in the step of adding microorganisms and/or enzymes, microorganisms and/or enzymes are added to the organic waste scraps processed by the dehydration step. / or enzymes are mixed together to form an organic waste mixture, wherein the weight percentage of the microorganisms and/or enzymes in the organic waste mixture is 1.5wt%~2.5wt%; the pretreatment step will include the microorganisms and/or enzymes and the organic waste. The organic waste mixture of the material and scrap is fully mixed and preheated; and the reaction step is to gradually heat up the organic waste mixture to a completion temperature in a number of preset temperature-raising operation intervals according to the type of the organic waste, and then in the The temperature is maintained for a fourth period of time and gradually dried to become organic fertilizer. According to the type of the organic waste, the fourth period of time is 30-45 minutes, and the preset temperature-raising operation intervals include: a normal temperature operation interval, a A medium temperature operation interval and a high temperature operation interval, wherein the preheating of the preheating The temperature is lower than the lowest temperature of the normal temperature operation interval, wherein the normal temperature operation interval is to raise the temperature from room temperature to 40°C after a first time length, the first time length is 30 minutes, and the medium temperature operation interval is The temperature is raised from 40°C to 60°C after a second period of time, and the second period of time is 40-50 minutes according to the type of the organic waste. The temperature rises to 80° C. after three time periods, which are 50-70 minutes depending on the type of organic waste. The method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the pulverizing step is to pulverize the solid organic waste into organic waste scraps with a particle size of less than 5 mm. The method for rapidly preparing organic wastes into organic fertilizers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment step further comprises adding amino acids into the organic waste mixture. The method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment step further comprises adding the auxiliary material into the organic waste mixture to adjust the moisture content of the organic waste mixture to 45% %~55% and pH 5.0~PH 8.0. The method for quickly making organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added amount of the chaff accounts for 1wt% to 2wt% of the organic waste mixture. The method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, comprising first storing the crushed and dehydrated organic waste scraps in a silo, and storing the organic waste scraps in the silo The subsequent steps of adding microorganisms and/or enzymes, the pretreatment step and the reaction step are carried out in quantitative batches. The method for quickly making organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microorganism The substances can be high temperature bacteria or general decomposing bacteria, and the enzyme is a high temperature resistant enzyme. The method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time lengths of the raw kitchen waste in the several heating operation intervals of the reaction step are respectively: the second time length is 40 minutes, The third time length is 50 minutes and the fourth time length is 30 minutes. The method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time lengths of the cooked kitchen waste in the several heating operation intervals of the reaction step are: the second time length is 50 minutes, The third time length is 60 minutes and the fourth time length is 40 minutes. The method for quickly making organic waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time lengths of the poultry and livestock manure in the several heating operation intervals of the reaction step are respectively: the second time length is 40 minutes, The third time length is 60 minutes and the fourth time length is 30 minutes. The method for quickly turning organic waste into organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the time lengths of the slaughter waste in the several temperature-raising operation intervals of the reaction step are: the second time length is 50 minutes, The third time length is 70 minutes and the fourth time length is 45 minutes.

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