TWI745342B - 協同性除草組合物及控制不欲植物生長的方法 - Google Patents
協同性除草組合物及控制不欲植物生長的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI745342B TWI745342B TW106102805A TW106102805A TWI745342B TW I745342 B TWI745342 B TW I745342B TW 106102805 A TW106102805 A TW 106102805A TW 106102805 A TW106102805 A TW 106102805A TW I745342 B TWI745342 B TW I745342B
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- herbicidal composition
- synergistic herbicidal
- thifensulfuron
- plants
- composition according
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種協同性除草組合物,其包含作為活性成分之派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆,以及本發明的協同性除草組合物用於防治不希望的植物生長的用途。本發明還提供一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,其包括將本發明的協同性除草組合物的活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆共同或分別地施用於不希望的植物或其生長場所。本發明還提供一種降低或防止派羅克殺草碸當其施用於有用作物的植株、種子或其他繁殖部分時所造成的損害的方法。
Description
本發明關於一種協同性除草組合物及其防治不希望的植物生長的方法。
農作物由於雜草危害可造成作物產量降低,為挽回作物產量損失,每年必須施用大量的除草劑以進行雜草防治。近年來,雜草對農作物上的危害越來越嚴重,此外,除草劑的濫用已使雜草對農藥的抗性增加,造成雜草防除效果逐年降低。
增加除草活性和拓寬現有除草劑的除草譜的傳統方法是將兩種或多種具有不同的除草活性的除草活性物質混合。如果混合兩種或多種除草活性物質,其可能顯示比施用單獨的除草劑更出色的除草效力。當兩種或多種成分的混合物的效力超過各成分的預期效力時,其稱之為“協同性作用”。然而,僅在部分情況下,當兩種或多種具有除草活性之物質混合時,除草混合物顯現出協同性作用。由於除草功效、吸收率、轉移、代謝等方面的差異,大多數混合物的除草活性低於當分別施用各成分時之除草活性。“拮抗作用”已說明此種情形即兩種或多種具有除草活性的物質之混合物的除草效力低於當分別施用各成分時的預期效力。“相加作用”已說明此種
情形即兩種或多種具有除草活性的物質之混合物的除草效力與當分別施用各成分時的殺蟲效力相同。
派羅克殺草碸(Pyroxasulfone),化學名稱為:3-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-基甲基磺醯基]-4,5-二氫-5,5-二甲基-1,2-噁唑,其以下列化學結構表示:
派羅克殺草碸係描述於EP1364946和US20050256004中。雖然派羅克殺草碸是高度有效的出苗前除草劑,但其出苗後之活性較差。當派羅克殺草碸施用至某些雙子葉農作物如棉花、向日葵、大豆,芸苔屬(brassica)作物,如卡諾拉(canola)和油菜以及某些禾本科作物如稻、小麥、黑麥和大麥時,農作物可受到不可接受程度的損傷。
噻吩磺隆(Thifensulfuron methyl),又名農得時(Londax),其以下列結構表示:
噻吩磺隆為屬內吸傳導型苗後選擇性除草劑以及支鏈胺基酸合成抑制劑,其能抑制纈胺酸、亮胺酸及異亮胺酸的生物合成,以阻止細胞分裂,接著使敏感作物停止生長。其主要用於防治小麥、大麥、燕麥、玉米田間的闊葉雜草,如反枝莧、馬齒莧、播娘蒿、薺菜、豬毛菜、豬殃殃、婆婆納、牛繁縷等,但其對薊、旋花及禾本科雜草等無效。一般在施用後,敏感雜
草立即停止生長且在1周後死亡。
目前,由於確保作物安全性之規範,除草劑殺草譜係受限,施用單一除草劑不能完全且有效地控制作物田中之雜草,另一方面除草劑用量過大或施用不均勻可能會造成對當季作物或收穫後(post-harvest)作物產生不可接受的毒性。派羅克殺草碸是高度有效的出苗前施用之除草劑,但出苗階段後活性變得較差。另外,派羅克殺草碸與某些雙子葉農作物如棉花、向日葵、大豆,芸苔屬(brassica)作物,如卡諾拉(canola)和油菜以及某些禾本科作物如稻、小麥、黑麥和大麥的相容性並不理想,因為其不僅對目標植物有害,亦使農作物以不可接受的程度受損。原則上,儘管可藉由降低施用率而減緩對農作物之損害,但防治目標植物的效力也因而降低。
本發明驚異的發現,派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的協同性除草組合物在防治不希望的植物的生長上已達到協同性效果,其顯著降低雜草防治之活性成分的量,並且減輕或防止在以派羅克殺草碸處理後有用作物的植物、種子或其他繁殖部分所造成的損害。派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆組合物的除草活性高於各化合物的總和活性。
一方面,本發明提供一種協同性除草組合物,其不僅能提高對雜草的防治效果,亦可增進作物的安全性、降低除草劑施用成本且擴大適用範圍。該協同性除草組合物包含活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆,其中活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的重量比的範圍是50:1-1:50,較佳25:1-1:25,更佳10:1-1:10,更較佳5:1-1:5。
該協同性除草組合物可包含活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆、表面活性劑和/或增充劑。
在該協同性除草組合物中,活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺
隆的含量占該協同性除草組合物以重量計的5%-90%、以重量計的10%-80%或以重量計的20%-60%。
所述協同性除草組合物可以選自下列之配製劑提供:可濕性粉劑(WP)、乳劑(EC)、水懸劑(SC)、膠囊懸著液(CS)、微乳劑(ME)、水基乳劑(EW)、濃懸乳劑(SE)、水分散粒劑(WDG)、水劑(AS)、膠囊水懸混劑(ZC)及超低容量液劑(ULV)。
本發明提供一種協同性除草組合物在防治不希望的植物生長的用途。
更特別地,一種協同性除草組合物在防治包括闊葉科雜草、莎草科雜草及禾本科雜草之不希望的植物生長的用途。
本發明亦關於一種協同性除草組合物用於在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生長的用途,特別是對該協同性除草組合物耐受之有用作物,例如小麥、大麥、黑麥、黑小麥、硬粒小麥、稻、玉米、甘蔗、高粱、大豆,豌豆、菜豆、扁豆,花生、向日葵、甜菜、馬鈴薯、棉花、油菜、卡諾拉(canola)、芥菜、捲心菜、蕪菁、草皮、葡萄、桃、杏仁、核桃、橄欖、櫻桃、李、杏,柑橘和開心果。
在另一方面,本發明提供一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,其包括:(i)在不希望的植物發芽之前(芽前);(ii)在不希望的植物發芽之後(芽後),或(iii)在(i)和(ii)時,將除草有效量的本發明的協同性除草組合物施用於不希望的植物或其生長場所。
在防治不希望的植物生長的方法中,本發明的協同性除草組合物的活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆可共同或分別地被施用於不希望的植物或其生長場所。
此外,控制不希望的植物生長的方法可包括將本發明的協同
性除草組合物在有用作物的植物、種子或其它繁殖部分存在下施用。
一種降低或防止派羅克殺草碸當其處理有用作物的植株、種子或其他繁殖部分時所造成的損害的方法,其包括施用本發明的協同性除草組合物以處理該有用植物的植物、種子或其他繁殖部分。
本發明的協同性除草組合物相較於各活性成分當其分別施用時更為有效,且本發明特徵在於延緩雜草形成抗藥性,具有較廣的除草譜,長作用效期,且能夠防治作物田中一年生禾本科雜草、闊葉雜草及莎草科雜草,而且對有用作物以及收穫後作物安全。
協同性功效可使單一除草劑的施用率降低、在相同施用率下的效用更高,防治先前未被防治的品種、防治對單一除草劑或多種除草劑耐受或具有抗性的品種、延長施用期間和/或減少單獨施用的次數,其提供使用者一種在經濟和生態上更有利的雜草防治系統。
本發明提供一種協同性除草組合物,其包含活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆,其中活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的重量比範圍是50:1-1:50,較佳25:1-1:25,更佳10:1-1:10,更較佳5:1-1:5。
本發明的協同性除草組合物可使得活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的活性以前所未有的方式增效,其超出當分別施用各活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆時的組合活性。
本發明還提供一種協同性除草組合物,其包含派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆,增充劑和/或表面活性劑。
如果所用增充劑為水,可添加其他次要溶劑,例如有機溶劑。主要的合適的液體溶劑係選自:芳族化合物,包括二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯化芳烴和氯化脂族烴,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烴,例如環己烷或石蠟,如礦物油餾分、礦物油和植物油;醇類,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮類,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮或環己酮;強極性溶劑,例如二甲基甲醯胺和二甲基亞碸,以及水。
如果所用增充劑為固體,合適的載體係選自:銨鹽;粉碎的天然礦物,例如高嶺土、黏土、滑石、白堊、石英、綠坡縷石、蒙脫石或矽藻土;粉碎的合成礦物,例如高分散二氧化矽、氧化鋁和矽酸鹽;粉碎並分級的天然礦石,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白雲石;無機和有機的合成顆粒;有機材料(例如鋸末、椰殼、玉米)。
合適的表面活性劑係選自:例如非離子和陰離子乳化劑,例如聚乙氧基化脂肪酸酯、聚乙氧基化脂肪醇醚,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸鹽、烷基硫酸鹽、芳基磺酸鹽,以及蛋白質水解物;合適的分散劑為:例如木質素亞硫酸鹽和甲基纖維素。
合適的著色劑可選自:無機顏料,例如氧化鐵、氧化鈦和普魯士藍;和有機顏料,例如茜素著色劑、偶氮著色劑和金屬酞菁著色劑。
合適的增黏劑可選自:羧甲基纖維素;呈粉末、顆粒或乳膠形式的天然和合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯樹膠、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯;以及天然磷脂,例如腦磷脂和卵磷脂、以及合成磷脂。其他添加劑可為礦物油和植物油。
合適的微量營養素可選自:鐵鹽、錳鹽、硼鹽、銅鹽、鈷鹽、鉬鹽和鋅鹽。
前述的協同性除草組合物中,活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩
磺隆的含量占該協同性除草組合物的5%-90%,較佳10%-80%,更佳20%-60%。
本發明的協同性除草組合物係特別有利,因為該等活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆係以最佳比例的量已添加。此外,配製劑中增充劑和/或表面活性劑的量可彼此調節。
可以任何常用的配製劑形式配製本發明的協同性除草組合物。預混組合物的葉面配方之實例是:
GR:粒劑
WP:可濕性粉劑
WG:水可分散粒劑
SG:水溶性粒劑
SL:溶液
EC:乳劑
EW:水基乳劑
ME:微乳劑
SC:水懸劑
CS:膠囊懸著液
OD:水分散性油懸劑
SE:濃懸乳劑
FS:種子處理用水懸劑
ULV:超低容量液劑
本發明較佳的劑型是可濕性粉劑(WP)、乳劑(EC)、水懸劑(SC)、微囊劑(MC)、微乳劑(ME)、水基乳劑(EW)、濃懸乳劑(SE)、水分散粒劑(WG)、水溶性粒劑(SG)、水劑(AS)、膠囊水懸混劑(ZC)及超低容量
液劑(ULV)。上述配製劑均為本領域常用者,且其製備方法為本領域技術人員所熟知。
適合桶混組合物的配製劑實例是溶液、稀釋乳劑、懸浮劑或其混合物和粉劑。通常,桶混組合物是指經溶劑(如水)稀釋後包含不同農藥和一種或多種其他任選佐劑的預混組合物。
協同性除草組合物也可與其它已知的活性化合物混合,例如除草劑、殺真菌劑、殺昆蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺線蟲劑、安全劑、驅鳥劑、植物營養素和土壤結構的改良劑。
較佳的是,本發明的協同性除草組合物還可包含其他已知的除草劑。適用於與本發明的活性化合物組合的其他已知的除草劑或植物生長調節劑為例如下述活性化合物(所述化合物係指依照國際標準組織(ISO)命名或由化學名或代號命名的化合物),並且包括其可使用形式,例如酸、鹽、酯和異構體,例如立體異構體和光學異構體。例如乙草胺(acetochlor)、活化酯(acibenzolar)、苯並噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen,acifluorfen-sodium)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、甲草胺(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、禾草滅(alloxydim,alloxydim-sodium)、莠滅淨(ametryn)、氨唑草酮(amicarbazone)、醯嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、aminocyclopyrachlor、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、殺草強(amitrole)、氨基磺酸銨(ammonium sulfamate)、嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、磺草靈(asulam)、莠去津(atrazine)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、疊氮津(aziprotryn)、氟丁醯草胺(beflubutamid)、草除靈(benazolin,benazolin-ethyl)、苯卡巴腙(bencarbazone)、乙丁氟靈(benfluralin)、呋草黃(benfuresate)、地散磷(bensulide)、滅草松(bentazone)、雙苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、雙環磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮
(benzofenap)、氟磺胺草(benzofluor)、新燕靈(benzoylprop)、氟吡草酮(bicyclopyrone)、甲羧除草醚(bifenox)、雙丙氨膦(bilanafos,bilanafos-sodium)、雙草醚(bispyribac、bispyribac-sodium)、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁醯草胺(bromobutide)、溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、溴隆(bromuron)、特克草(buminafos)、羥草酮(busoxinone)、丁草胺(butachlor)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、抑草磷(butamifos)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、仲丁靈(butralin)、丁氧環酮(butroxydim)、丁草敵(butylate)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、雙醯草胺(carbetamide)、唑草酯(carfentrazone,carfentrazone-ethyl)、甲氧除草醚(chlomethoxyfen)、草滅畏(chloramben)、炔禾靈(chlorazifop、chlorazifop-butyl)、氯溴隆(chlorbromuron)、氯炔靈(chlorbufam)、伐草克(chlorfenac,chlorfenac-sodium)、燕麥酯(chlorfenprop)、整形醇(chlorflurenol,chlorflurenol-methyl)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron,chlorimuron-ethyl)、矮壯素(chlormequat chloride)、草枯醚(chlornitrofen)、氯酞醯亞胺(chlorophthalim)、氯酞酸甲酯(chlorthal-dimethyl)、綠麥隆(chlorotoluron)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon,cinidon-ethyl)、環庚草醚(cinmethylin)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、烯草酮(clethodim)、炔草酸(clodinafop)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、殺雄嗪酸(clofencet)、異噁草松(clomazone)、氯甲醯草胺(clomeprop)、調果酸(cloprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氯酯磺草酸(cloransulam,cloransulam-methyl)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、氨基氰(cyanamide)、氰草津(cyanazine)、環丙酸醯胺(cyclanilide)、環草敵(cycloate)、環磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、環莠隆(cycluron)、cyhalofop、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、莎草快(cyperquat)、環丙津(cyprazine)、環唑草胺(cyprazole)、2,4-D、2,4-DB、殺草隆(daimuron/dymron)、茅草枯(dalapon)、丁醯肼(daminozide)、棉隆(dazomet)、
正癸醇(n-decanol)、甜菜安(desmedipham)、敵草淨(desmetryn)、detosyl-pyrazolate(DTP)、燕麥敵(diallate)、敵草腈(dichlobenil)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、精2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop-P)、氯甲草(diclofop)、禾草靈(diclofop-methyl)、精禾草靈(diclofop-P-methyl)、雙氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、乙醯甲草胺(diethatyl,diethatyl-ethyl)、枯莠隆(difenoxuron)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、吡氟醯草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr,diflufenzopyr-sodium)、調呋酸(dikegulac-sodium)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、呱草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、異戊乙淨(dimethametryn)、二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid)、精二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid-P)、噻節因(dimethipin)、醚黄隆(dimetrasulfuron)、氨氟靈(dinitramine)、地樂酚(dinoseb)、特樂酚(dinoterb)、雙苯醯草胺(diphenamid)、異丙淨(dipropetryn)、敵草快(diquat)、二溴敵草快(diquat dibromide)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、敵草隆(diuron)、草止津(eglinazine-ethyl)、茵多酸(endothal)、戊草丹(esprocarb)、乙丁烯氟靈(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron、ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙烯利(ethephon)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、乙噻吩磺隆(ethiozin)、乙氧呋草黃(ethofumesate)、氟乳醚(ethoxyfen)、氟乳醚乙酯(ethoxyfen-ethyl)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、F-5331即N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-[4-(3-氟丙基)-4,5-二氫-5-氧代-1H-四唑-1-基]苯基]乙磺醯胺、F-7967,即3-[7-氯-5-氟-2-(三氟甲基)-1H-苯並咪唑-4-基]-1-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、2,4,5-涕丙酸(fenoprop)、噁唑禾草靈(fenoxaprop)、精噁唑禾草靈(fenoxaprop-P)、噁唑禾草靈(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、精噁唑禾草靈(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、四唑醯草胺(fentrazamide)、非草隆(fenuron)、高效麥草氟異丙酯(flamprop-M-isopropyl)、高效麥草氟甲酯(flamprop-M-methyl)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、雙氟磺草胺(florasulam)、吡
氟禾草靈(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草靈(fluazifop-P)、吡氟禾草靈丁酯(fluazifop-butyl)、精吡氟禾草靈丁酯(fluazifop-P-butyl)、異丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone,flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氯乙氟靈(fluchloralin)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet(thiafluamide))、氟噠嗪草酯(flufenpyr,flufenpyr-ethyl)、氟節胺(flumetralin)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac,flumiclorac-pentyl)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、炔草胺(flumipropyn)、氟草隆(fluometuron)、三氟硝草醚(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen,fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、丙嘧草酯(flupropacil)、四氟丙酸(flupropanate)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron,flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium)、芴丁酯(flurenol)、芴丁酯(flurenol-butyl)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr,fluroxypyr-meptyl)、調嘧醇(flurprimidol)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、氟噻乙草酯(fluthiacet、fluthiacet-methyl)、噻唑草醯胺(fluthiamide)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲醯氨磺隆(foramsulfuron)、氯吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、殺木膦(fosamine)、呋氧草醚(furyloxyfen)、赤黴素(gibberellic acid)、草銨磷(glufosinate,glufosinate-ammonium)、草銨磷-P(glufosinate-P,glufosinate-P-ammonium)、草銨磷-P-鈉鹽(glufosinate-P-sodium)、草甘膦(glyphosate)、草甘膦異丙銨鹽(glyphosate-isopropylammonium)、氟硝磺醯胺(halosafen)、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron,halosulfuron-methyl)、氟吡禾靈(haloxyfop)、精氟吡禾靈(haloxyfop-P)、氟吡乙禾靈(haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl)、精氟吡乙禾靈(haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl)、氟吡甲禾靈(haloxyfop-methyl)、精氟吡甲禾靈(haloxyfop-P-methyl)、環嗪酮(hexazinone)、HW-02,即(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸1-(二甲氧基磷醯基)乙酯、咪草酸(imazamethabenz,imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草煙(imazamox,imazamox-ammonium)、甲咪唑煙酸
(imazapic)、咪唑煙酸(imazapyr,imazapyr-isopropylammonium)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin,imazaquin-ammonium)、咪唑乙煙酸(imazethapyr,imazethapyr-ammonium)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、茚草酮(indanofan)、茚嗪氟草胺(indaziflam)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、4-吲哚-3-基丁酸(IBA)、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron,iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、三唑醯草胺(ipfencarbazone)、丁脒醯胺(isocarbamid)、異丙樂靈(isopropalin)、異丙隆(isoproturon)、異噁隆(isouron)、異噁醯草胺(isoxaben)、異噁氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、異噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、異噁草醚(isoxapyrifop)、KUH-043,即3-({[5-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]甲基}磺醯基)-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氫-1,2-噁唑、特胺靈(karbutilate)、螺旋多司酮(ketospiradox)、乳氟禾草靈(lactofen)、(環草定(lenacil)、利穀隆(linuron)、馬來醯肼(maleic hydrazide)、2-甲-4-氯苯氧基乙酸(MCPA)、2-甲-4-氯苯氧基丁酸(MCPB)、2-甲-4-氯苯氧基丁酸甲酯(MCPB-methyl)、2-甲-4-氯苯氧基丁酸乙酯(MCPB-ethyl)、Z-[(4-氯-鄰用苯基)氧]丙酸(mecoprop)、Z-[(4-氯-鄰用苯基)氧]丙酸鈉(mecoprop-sodium)、mecoprop-butotyl、mecoprop-P-butotyl、精Z-[(4-氯-鄰苯基)氧]丙酸二甲基銨(mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium)、精Z-[(4-氯-鄰苯基)氧]丙酸乙基己酯(mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl)、精Z-[(4-氯-鄰苯基)氧]丙酸鉀、氯磺醯草胺(mefluidide)、甲呱啶(mepiquat-chloride)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron,mesosulfuron-methyl)、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、威百畝(metam)、噁唑醯草胺(metamifop)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、雙醚氯吡嘧磺隆(metazasulfuron)、滅草唑(methazole)、甲硫嘧磺隆(methiopyrsulfuron)、嚼噻草醚(methiozolin)、苯草酮(methoxyphenone)、甲基殺草隆(methyldymron)、1-甲基環丙烯(1-
methylcyclopropene)、異硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、吡喃隆(metobenzuron)、溴穀隆(metobromuron)、異丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、精異丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron)、禾草敵(molinate)、庚醯草胺(monalide)、甲醯胺硫酸鹽(monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate)、綠穀隆(monolinuron)、單嘧磺隆(monosulfuron)、單嘧磺隆酯(monosulfuron ester)、滅草隆(monuron)、MT128,即6-氯-N-[(2E)-3-氯丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-甲基-N-苯基噠嗪-3-胺、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、敵草胺(napropamide)、萘草胺(naptalam)、草不隆(neburon)、煙嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、氟氯草胺(nipyraclofen)、甲磺樂靈(nitralin)、除草醚(nitrofen)、硝基苯酚鈉(異構體混合物)、硝氟草醚(nitrofluorfen)、壬酸(nonanoic acid)、氟草敏(norflurazon)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、氨磺樂靈(oryzalin)、丙炔噁草酮(oxadiargyl)、噁草酮(oxadiazon)、環氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、噁噻吩磺隆(oxaziclomefone)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、百草枯(paraquat,paraquat dichloride)、壬酸(pelargonic acid,nonanoic acid)、二甲戊靈(pendimethalin)、片達林(pendralin)、平速爛(penoxsulam)、甲氯醯草胺(pentanochlor)、環戊噁草酮(pentoxazone)、黃草伏(perfluidone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、棉胺寧(phenisopham)、甜菜寧(phenmedipham,phenmedipham-ethyl)、氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)、氟吡醯草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、呱草磷(piperophos)、畢力芬(pirifenop)、丁基畢力芬(pirifenop-butyl)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron,primisulfuron-methyl)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、環丙氰津(procyazine)、氨氟樂靈(prodiamine)、環丙氟靈(prifluraline)、環苯草酮(profoxydim)、調環酸(prohexadione)、調環酸鈣(prohexadione-calcium)、茉
莉酮(prohydrojasmone)、撲滅通(prometon)、毒草胺(propachlor)、敵稗(propanil)、噁草酸(propaquizafop)、撲滅津(propazine)、苯胺靈(propham)、異丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone,propoxycarbazone-sodium)、嗪咪唑嘧磺(propyrisulfuron)、炔苯醯草胺(propyzamide)、磺亞胺草(prosulfalin)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、丙炔草胺(prynachlor)、雙唑草腈(pyraclonil)、吡草醚(pyraflufen,pyraflufen-ethyl)、磺醯草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate,pyrazolate)、百速隆(pyrazosulfuron、pyrazosulfuron-ethyl))、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、草醚(pyribambenz)、異丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-isopropyl)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-propyl)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、噠草特(pyridate)、環酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac,pyriminobac-methyl)、吡丙醚(pyrimisulfan)、嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac,pyrithiobac-sodium)、甲氧磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、二氯喹啉酸(quinchlorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、滅藻醌(quinoclamine)、喹禾靈(quizalofop)、喹禾靈乙酯(quizalofop-ethyl)、精喹禾靈(quizalofop-P)、精喹禾靈乙酯(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、喹禾糠酯(quizalofop-P-tefuryl)、碸嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、苯嘧磺草胺(saflufenacil)、仲丁通(secbumeton)、烯禾啶(sethoxydim)、環草隆(siduron)、西瑪津(simazine)、西草淨(simetryn)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、菜草畏(sulfallate,CDEC)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron,sulfometuron-methyl)、草硫膦(sulfosate(glyphosate-trimesium))、磺醯磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、SYN-523、牧草胺(tebutam)、丁噻隆(tebuthiuron)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、特糠酯酮(tefuryltrione)、環磺酮(tembotrione)、吡喃草酮(tepraloxydim)、特草定(terbacil)、特草靈(terbucarb)、特丁草胺(terbuchlor)、特丁通(terbumeton)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、特丁淨(terbutryn)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、氟噻草胺(thiafluamide)、噻氟隆
(thiazafluron)、噻唑煙酸(thiazopyr)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、噻苯隆(thidiazuron)、噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone)、噻酮磺隆-甲基(thiencarbazone-methyl)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、苯唑草酮(topramezone)、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、野燕畏(triallate)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)、三唑芬胺(triazofenamide)、苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、三氯乙酸(TCA)、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)、滅草環(tridiphane)、草達津(trietazine)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron,trifloxysulfuron-sodium)、氟樂靈(trifluralin)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)、氟胺磺隆甲酯(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、抗倒酯(trinexapac,trinexapac-ethyl)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、希朵代(tsitodef)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、精烯效唑(uniconazole-P)、滅草敵(vernolate)及其他化合物。
本發明的協同性除草組合物也可包含一種或多種安全劑。安全劑是指當在某些情況下與特別有效的除草劑共同施用時可導致農作物間更好的相容性之有機化合物。安全劑在農作物中扮演解毒劑或拮抗劑的角色,以降低或甚至防止對農作物的損害。
上述安全劑以解毒有效量施用,例如在經濟上重要的作物或在果實種植(種植作物)中可減少所用除草劑的植物毒性及副作用。上述經濟上重要的作物包括穀類(小麥、大麥、黑麥、燕麥、玉米、水稻、黍)、甜菜、向日葵、甘蔗、油菜、棉花、大豆。
以下為適合作為安全劑的化合物(包括可能的立體異構體和農業上常用的酯或鹽):解草酮(benoxacor)、解草酯(cloquintocet(-mexyl))、抑害腈(cyometrinil)、喹氧乙酸(cloquintocet)、解草胺腈(cyometrinil)、環丙磺醯胺(cyprosulfamide)、烯丙醯草胺(dichlormid)、二環酮(dicyclonon)、
o-苯基硫代磷酸o,o-二乙基酯(dietholate)、解草唑(fenchlorazole(-ethyl))、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草胺(flurazole)、氟草肟(fluxofenim)、解草噁唑(furilazole)、吡咯二酸(mefenpyr)、雙苯噁唑酸(isoxadifen(-ethyl))、吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr(-diethyl))、甲基氨基甲酸4-氯苯基酯(mephenate)、萘二甲酸酐(naphthalic anhydride)、解草腈(oxabetrinil)、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙醯基)-1,3-噁唑烷、4-(二氯乙醯基)-1-氧雜-4-氮雜螺[4,5]癸烷及其可農用鹽以及當它們具有羧基時它們的可農用衍生物。本發明的協同性除草組合物中使用之較佳的安全劑選自解草酮、喹氧乙酸、環丙磺醯胺(cyprosulfamide)、烯丙醯草胺、解草唑、解草啶、氟草肟、解草噁唑、吡咯二酸、萘二甲酸酐、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙醯基)-1,3-噁唑烷、4-(二氯乙醯基)-1-氧雜-4-氮雜螺[4,5]癸烷。
本發明的協同性除草組合物與安全劑間的重量比將根據除草劑的施用率和所述安全劑的功效而廣泛變化,例如在90000:1至1:5000、較佳在7000:1至1:1600、特別在3000:1至1:500範圍內。安全劑可與活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆以成品配製劑配製或以與該除草組合物的桶混合物的形式提供和施用。
本發明提供一種協同性除草組合物在防治不希望的植物生長的用途。
更特別地,一種協同性除草組合物在防治包括闊葉科雜草、莎草科雜草、禾本科雜草之不希望的植物生長的用途。
本發明的協同性除草組合物具有對於寬譜的經濟上重要的單子葉和雙子葉不希望的植物具有特別有效之優良除草活性,例如闊葉雜草、禾本科雜草或莎草科雜草,包括對例如草甘膦、草銨磷、莠去津、咪唑啉酮之除草劑以及對例如磺醯脲類之具有除草活性的化合物具有抗性的
種類。在典型的具體實例中,可提及的是可藉由本發明的協同性除草組合物防治的某些單子葉雜草和雙子葉雜草植物群,但並不限於某些品種。
可以本發明的協同性除草組合物施用的雜草品種的實例包括單子葉雜草,例如燕麥屬(Avena spp.)、看麥娘屬(Alopecurus spp.)、假剪股穎屬(Apera spp.)、臂形草屬(Brachiaria spp.)、雀麥屬(Bromus spp.)、馬唐屬(Digitaria spp.)、黑麥草屬(Lolium spp.)、稗屬(Echinochloa spp.)、千金子屬(Leptochloa spp.)、飄拂草屬(Fimbristylis spp.)、黍屬(Panicum spp.)、虉草屬(Phalaris spp.)、早熟禾屬(Poa spp.)、狗尾草屬(Setaria spp.);以及多年生品種,包括冰草屬(Agropyron)、狗牙根屬(Cynodon)、白茅屬(Imperata)和高粱屬。
對於雙子葉雜草品種,包括例如檾麻屬(Abutilon spp.)、莧屬(Amaranthus spp.)、藜屬(Chenopodium spp.)、茼蒿屬(Chrysanthemum spp.)、拉拉藤屬(Galium spp.)、番薯屬(Ipomoea spp.)、地膚屬(Kochia spp.)、野芝麻屬(Lamium spp.)、母菊屬(Matricaria spp.)、牽牛屬(Pharbitis spp.)、蓼屬(Polygonum spp.)、黃花稔屬(Sida spp.)、白芥屬(Sinapis spp.)、茄屬(Solanum spp.)、繁縷屬(Stellaria spp.)、婆婆納屬(Veronica spp.)、體腸屬(Eclipta spp.)、田菁屬(Sesbania spp.)、合萌屬(Aeschynomene spp.)和堇菜屬(Viola spp.)、蒼耳屬(Xanthium spp)等一年生雜草,和例如旋花屬(Convolvulus)、薊屬(Cirsium)、酸模屬(Rumex)和蒿屬(Artemisia)等多年生雜草。
一年生和多年生莎草科雜草,包括莎草屬(cyperus)物種如三棱草(Cyperus rotundus L.)、油莎草(Cyperusesculentus L.)、茳芏(Cyperus brevifolius H.)、黃穎莎草(Cyperus microiris Steud)、碎米莎草(Cyperus itria L.)等。
本發明的除草組合物覆蓋較寬的除草譜,且較佳防治下述的
雜草:單子葉雜草,例如稗屬、黍屬、早熟禾屬、千金子屬、臂形草屬、馬唐屬、狗尾草屬、莎草屬、雨久花屬(Monochoria spp.)、飄拂草屬、慈姑屬(Sagittaria spp.)、荸薺屬(Eleocharis spp.)、莞草屬(Scirpus spp.)、澤瀉屬(Alisma spp.)、竹葉菜屬(Aneilema spp.)、水篩屬(Blyxa spp.)、穀精草屬(Eriocaulon spp.)、眼子菜屬(Potamogeton spp.)等。特別是以下品種:稻稗(Echinochloa oryzicola)、鴨舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、犛草(Eleocharis acicularis)、木賊狀荸薺(Eleocharis kuroguwai)、異型莎草(Cyperus difformis)、水莎草(Cyperus serotinus)、矮慈姑(Sagittaria pygmaea)、窄葉澤瀉(Alisma canaliculatum)、螢藺(Scirpus juncoides)。在雙子葉雜草的情況下,除草譜已擴展至以下群,例如蓼屬、蔊菜屬(Rorippa spp.)、節節菜屬(Rotala spp.)、母草屬(Lindernia spp.)、鬼針草屬(Bidens spp.)、尖瓣花屬(Sphenoclea spp.)、虻眼屬(Dopatrium spp.)、體腸屬(Eclipta spp.)、溝繁縷屬(Elatine spp.)、水八角屬(Gratiola spp.)、母草屬(Lindernia spp.)、丁香蓼屬(Ludwigia spp.)、水芹屬(Oenanthe spp.)、毛茛屬(Ranunculus spp.)、澤番椒屬(Deinostema spp.)等。特別是例如以下的品種:節節菜(Rotala indica)、尖瓣花(Sphenoclea zeylanica)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、丁香蓼(Ludwigia prostrate)、眼子菜(Potamogeton distinctus)、溝繁縷(Elatine triandra)、水芹(Oenanthe javanica)等。
本發明亦關於該協同性除草組合物用於在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生長的用途。
本發明的除草組合物適合在有用作物(即作物)中防治/防止不希望的植物的生長。本發明的除草組合物通常可適合在如下作物中防治/防止不希望的植物的生長:糧食作物,例如:
禾穀類(小粒穀物)如小麥(Triticum aestivum)和小麥類作物如硬粒小麥(T.durum),一粒小麥(T.monococcum),二粒小麥(T.dicoccon)和斯卑爾脫小麥(T.spelta),黑麥(Secale cereale),小黑麥(Tritiosecale),大麥(Hordeum vulgare);玉米(Zea mays);高粱(例如甜高粱(Sorghum bicolour));稻(稻屬(Oryza)如水稻(Oryza sativa)和非洲水稻(Oryzaglaberrima);甘蔗;豆類(Legumes(豆科(Fabaceae))),例如大豆(Glycine max.),花生(Arachis hypogaea)和豆類作物如豌豆(包括豌豆(Pisum sativum)、木豆和豇豆),菜豆(包括蠶豆(Vicia faba)、黑花豇豆屬(Vigna)和黑色菜豆屬(Phaseolus))以及扁豆(兵豆(lens culinaris var.));十字花科,例如卡諾拉(甘藍型油菜(Brassica napus)),油菜(Brassica napus),捲心菜(B.oleracea var.),芥菜如芥菜(B.juncea)、白菜(B.campestris)、塌棵菜(B.narinosa)、黑芥(B.nigra)和地中海野芫菁(B.tournefortii);以及蕪菁(Brassica rapa var.);其他闊葉作物,例如向日葵、棉花、亞麻、亞麻子、甜菜、馬鈴薯和番茄;TNV作物(TNV:樹、果仁和藤),例如葡萄,柑橘,仁果,例如蘋果和梨,咖啡,開心果和油棕,核果,例如桃、杏仁、核桃、橄欖、櫻桃、李和杏;草皮、牧草和草地;洋蔥和大蒜;球莖觀賞植物如鬱金香和水仙;
針葉樹和落葉樹如松屬(Pinus)、冷杉、橡樹、楓樹、山茱萸、山楂、海棠和鼠李屬(Rhamnus)(鼠李);花園觀賞植物如矮牽牛、萬壽菊、玫瑰和金魚草。
本發明的協同性除草組合物尤其適合在有用作物中防治/防止不希望的植物的生長,有用作物包括小麥、大麥、黑麥、黑小麥、硬粒小麥、稻、玉米、甘蔗、高粱、大豆,豌豆、菜豆、扁豆,花生、向日葵、糖用甜菜、馬鈴薯、棉花,油菜、卡諾拉、芥菜、捲心菜、蕪菁,草皮、葡萄、蘋果、梨,核果,桃、杏仁、核桃、橄欖、櫻桃、李、杏,柑橘、咖啡、開心果,玫瑰、矮牽牛、萬壽菊、金魚草,鬱金香、水仙、冷杉、橡樹、楓樹、山茱萸、山植、海棠。
本發明的協同性除草組合物最適合在有用作物中防治/防止不希望的植物的生長,有用作物包括小麥、大麥、黑麥、小黑麥、硬粒小麥、稻、玉米、甘蔗、高粱、大豆,豌豆、菜豆和扁豆,花生、向日葵、糖用甜菜、馬鈴薯、棉花、油菜、卡諾拉、芥菜、捲心菜、蕪菁、草皮、葡萄、桃、杏仁、核桃、橄欖、櫻桃、李、杏,柑橘和開心果。
本發明還提供一種協同性除草組合物用於在有用作物中防治不希望的植物生長的用途,所述協同性除草組合物被所述有用作物耐受。
本發明的協同性除草組合物也極為有效地防治處於非作物區域中的不希望的植物的生長。非作物區域包括道路、鐵路、草地、公用管線,尤其是在覆蓋樹木的區域中不希望的植物生長。
本發明的協同性除草組合物也可用於如下作物植物:所述作物植物由於基因工程或育種而對一種或多種除草劑有抗性,其由於基因工程或育種而對一種或多種病原體如植物病原性真菌有抗性,或其由於基因工程或育種而對昆蟲侵襲有抗性。合適的實例是耐受合成生長激素的農作
物,較佳是玉米、小麥、向日葵、稻、卡諾拉、油菜、大豆、棉花和甘蔗,或者由於經由基因修飾對Bt毒素引入基因而耐受某些昆蟲侵襲的農作物。
本發明的協同性除草組合物可以經由使用本領域技術人員熟知的一般技術施用。合適的技術包括噴霧、霧化、撒粉、撒播或澆灌。施用方法可以目的決定;在任何情況下該技術應確保本發明活性成分可達到最佳分佈。
本發明提供一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,包括:(i)在不希望的植物發芽之前(芽前);(ii)在不希望的植物發芽之後(芽後),或(iii)在(i)和(ii)時,將除草有效量的本發明的協同性除草組合物施用於不希望的植物或其生長場所。
如果在發芽之前將本發明的協同性除草組合物的活性成分施用於土壤表面,則其可完全防止雜草幼苗發芽,或者雜草當進入其子葉期時將停止生長,並最終在兩周至四周之後死亡。
如果在發芽後將所述活性成分施用於植物的綠色部位,雜草的生長也會在處理後立即停止,且該雜草將保持在當除草劑施用時的生長期,或者雜草會在一段時間之後死亡,以這種方式,其可較早並持續地消除由不希望的植物對有用作物產生的競爭。
本發明提供一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,其包括將本發明的協同性除草組合物的活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆共同或分別地施用至不希望的植物或其生長場所。
上述活性化合物可施用於不希望的植物(例如有害植物,例如單子葉或雙子葉闊葉雜草、禾本科雜草、莎草科植物或不希望的作物植物)、種子(例如穎果、種子或無性繁殖器官,例如塊莖或帶芽的枝部)或生長場所(例如土壤),較佳地施用於綠色植物和植物部位,如果合適,則另外
地施用於土壤。
本發明的協同性除草組合物包含有效量的活性成分,即派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆,其具有協同作用。當共同施用活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆(例如作為組合配製劑或作為桶混物)時可觀察到協同作用;當在不同的時間施用活性化合物(分別施用)時,也可觀察到協同作用。也可以多份來施用所述除草劑或協同性除草組合物(相繼施用),例如先芽前施用然後芽後施用,或者先早期芽後施用,然後中期或後期芽後施用。較佳共同或幾乎同時施用所述活性組合物派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆,並且特別較佳共同施用。本發明可能的使用是以桶混物的形式共同施用所述活性化合物,其中將最佳配製的活性化合物的濃縮製劑與水一起在槽中混合,然後施用所得噴灑液。
當活性成分即派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆共同施用時,存在協同作用。亦即,所述協同性除草組合物的活性高於各除草劑活性的預期總和。協同作用可降低施用率,防治更寬譜的雜草包括闊葉雜草、禾本科雜草和莎草科植物,除草作用起效更快、具更長有效持續時間、且藉由僅一次或幾次施用至不希望的植物而對不希望的植物有更好的防治以及可擴展施用期。所述協同性除草組合物中所有活性成分(即派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆)的有效劑量都可調節至較低的含量,以使其對土壤的作用降低至最佳程度。此特性已使得組合物可施用於敏感作物,且預防地下水污染。本發明的協同性除草組合物可使得活性成分施用率顯著地降低。
本發明進一步提供一種控制不希望的植物生長的方法,包括將本發明的協同性除草組合物在有用作物的植株、有用作物的種子或有用作物的其它繁殖部分存在下施用。
若活性成分不能被某些農作物良好耐受,則可以藉由噴霧設
備定向噴霧除草組合物以使它們在達到在作物或裸露的土壤之下生長的不希望植物的葉子時盡可能少地接觸敏感農作物。
本發明還提供一種防止或降低派羅克殺草碸對用其處理的有用作物的植株、種子或其他繁殖部分所造成的損害的方法,包括將本發明所述的協同性除草組合物施用於該有用植物的植物、種子或其他繁殖部分。本發明噻吩磺隆和派羅克殺草碸的組合物已改善派羅克殺草碸與農作物的相容性。
派羅克殺草碸的施用率可在寬範圍內變化,例如在0.1-1000g/ha,較佳5-500g/ha,更較佳10-300g/ha。當在播種前、種植前或芽前和芽後施用派羅克殺草碸時,其可防治相對寬的譜的有害植物,且目標植物包括一年生單子葉或雙子葉闊葉雜草、禾本科雜草和莎草科植物,以及任何不想要的作物植物。
活性成分噻吩磺隆的施用率可在寬範圍內變化,例如1g-500g/ha,較佳1-200g/ha、更佳2-100g/ha、特別較佳地3-50g/ha範圍內。
一般而言,本發明的協同性除草組合物的施用率是低的,例如在0.1-200g/ha、較佳0.5-100g/ha、特別較佳1-50g/ha的範圍內,更較佳1-30g/ha的範圍內。
配製劑實施例
實施例1:60%派羅克殺草碸+6%噻吩磺隆之水懸劑
藉由將活性成分、分散劑、潤濕劑和水按照配方的比例混合均勻、經研磨和/或高速剪切,製得60%派羅克殺草碸+6%噻吩磺隆水懸劑。
實施例2 2%派羅克殺草碸+10%噻吩磺隆之可濕性粉劑
藉由將活性成分、各種助劑及填料按配方的比例混合且接著經超細粉碎機粉碎所得混合物,製得2%派羅克殺草碸+10%噻吩磺隆可濕性粉劑。
實施例3 2%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆之可濕性粉劑
藉由將活性成分、各種助劑及填料按配方的比例混合且接著經超細粉碎機粉碎,製得2%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆可濕性粉劑。
實施例4 5%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆之水分散粒劑
藉由將活性成分、分散劑、潤濕劑、崩解劑和填料按配方的比例混合均勻,且接著經過氣流粉碎所得混合物,再加入一定量的水混合擠壓造料,其最後經乾燥及篩分,製得5%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆水分散粒劑。
實施例5 0.5%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆之乳劑
將上述成分按照比例配製,且接折攪拌均勻得到均勻的相。
實施例6 0.5%派羅克殺草碸+25%噻吩磺隆之濃懸乳劑
水 補足至100%
0.5%派羅克殺草碸+25%噻吩磺隆之濃懸劑係經由下列步驟製得:將噻吩磺隆、甲基萘磺酸鈉甲醛縮合物及水經研磨和/或高速剪切後得到噻吩磺隆濃懸劑;將派羅克殺草碸、SOLVESSOTM 100及乙氧基化蓖麻油之混合物攪拌均勻得到派羅克殺草碸的乳劑;最後,將得到的派羅克殺草碸乳劑加入到噻吩磺隆水懸劑中,得到上述的水性濃懸乳劑。
實施例7 10%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆之可濕性粉劑
藉由將上述成分按比例混合,並研磨及粉碎所得混合物,製得可濕性粉劑。
實施例8 5%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆之水分散粒劑
5%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆之水分散粒劑係經由下列步驟製得:將派羅克殺草碸及噻吩磺隆活性成分、分散劑、潤濕劑、崩解劑和填料按配
方的比例混合均勻,且接著經過氣流粉碎所得混合物而製得可濕性粉劑;再加入一些水混合擠壓造料,其經乾燥及篩分。
實施例9 1%派羅克殺草碸+10%噻吩磺隆之水基乳劑
將派羅克殺草碸及噻吩磺隆溶解在SOLVESSOTM200中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油得到油相;按照配方將SOPROPHOR®4D384及水混合均勻得到水相;在攪拌下將油相加入水相得到水基乳劑。
實施例10 50%派羅克殺草碸+5%噻吩磺隆之可濕性粉劑
藉由將上述成分按比例混合,並研磨、粉碎所得混合物,製得可濕性粉劑。
實施例11 50%派羅克殺草碸+1%噻吩磺隆之包衣粒劑
在混合器中,將磨細的活性成分均勻塗佈到被聚乙二醇潤濕的載劑上。以此方式可獲得無塵包衣粒劑。
實施例12 50%派羅克殺草碸+2%噻吩磺隆之可濕性粉劑
藉由將上述成分按比例混合,並研磨、粉碎所得混合物,製得可濕性粉劑。
實施例13 25%派羅克殺草碸+5%噻吩磺隆之擠製粒劑
將活性成分與佐劑混合並研磨,且用水潤濕混合物。將該混合物擠出,然後在空氣流中乾燥。
實施例14 0.5%派羅克殺草碸+5%噻吩磺隆之種衣劑
藉由將上述各成分按比例混合均勻,並經砂磨,製得種衣劑。
實施例15 5%派羅克殺草碸+5%噻吩磺隆之膠囊水懸混劑
將PAPI(多亞甲基多苯基多異氰酸酯)、噻吩磺隆及SOLVESSOTM 100
組成的油相加入含ATLOC TM4913的水溶液中,形成乳液。然後將所得產物加熱,並在當加入催化劑反應2小時之時保溫在50℃下。冷卻後得到噻吩磺隆的微囊劑。
ATLOX TM4913,三苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚,矽酮,尿素,派羅克殺草碸和水按比例混合均勻,並經砂磨所得混合物,製得懸浮劑。
將得到的噻吩磺隆微膠囊劑加入派羅克殺草碸的懸浮劑中,攪拌均勻得到5%派羅克殺草碸+5%噻吩磺隆之著液膠囊水懸混劑。
實施例16 5%派羅克殺草碸+20%噻吩磺隆之水性濃懸乳劑
將噻吩磺隆溶解在SOLVESSOTM 200中,且加入乙氧基化蓖麻油,得到噻吩磺隆的乳劑(EC);將派羅克殺草碸、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸單酯二鈉及改性木質素磺酸鈣,上述各成分按比例混合均勻,並經砂磨所得混合物,製得濃懸乳劑。
藉由將含噻吩磺隆的油相加入到含派羅克殺草碸濃懸浮劑中,製得濃懸乳劑。
實施例17 5%派羅克殺草碸+5%噻吩磺隆之乳劑
將上述各成分混合,且攪拌至得到透明均一相。
實施例18 50%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆
將派羅克殺草碸及噻吩磺隆按照比例混合均勻。
實施例19 30%派羅克殺草碸+30%噻吩磺隆+40%雙苯噁唑酸
將派羅克殺草碸、噻吩磺隆及雙苯噁唑酸按照比例混合均勻。
實施例20 60%派羅克殺草碸+40%噻吩磺隆
將派羅克殺草碸、噻吩磺隆按照比例混合均勻。
實施例21 15%派羅克殺草碸+50%噻吩磺隆+35%解草啶
將派羅克殺草碸、噻吩磺隆、解草啶按照比例混合均勻。
對混合兩種或多種除草活性成分的協同性作用的分析是根據在“CalculationSynergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations”(Weeds 15/1(1967),S.R.Colby)中描述的Colby’s方法所測定。
式(1)中,X表示除草劑A在每公頃Xg有效成分劑量下的雜草防治百分率(%);Y表示除草劑B在每公頃Yg有效成分劑量下的雜草防治百分率(%);E0表示在每公頃X+Yg有效成分之施用率下的預期雜草防治百分率(%)。
如果在生物試驗中觀察到的實際雜草防治百分率超過使用Colby’s公式計算得到的預期值(E0),則表示除草組合物的效力大於各成分效力的總和,其表示組合物具有協同性作用。
在溫室條件下,將單子葉和雙子葉的雜草植物的種子或根莖塊置於裝有砂質黏土的缽中並用土壤覆蓋。使用標準土壤作為栽培基質。在苗前階段,將除草劑單獨或以混合物的形式施用到土壤表面。處理後,
將缽置於溫室中並保持於適於雜草的良好生長條件下。通過與未處理的對照組相比,對3-4周的測試週期後的植物損害或測試植物出苗後的植物損害進行視覺評定。如測試結果所示,施用本發明的協同性除草組合物對廣譜雜草具有非常良好的出苗前除草活性。測試所觀察到的數值顯示,當以適宜的低含量之施用率施用時,本發明的協同性除草組合物的作用已超過根據Colby公式計算的預期值,表現明顯的協同性作用。
對盆栽植物(NY/T 1155.4-2006)採用莖葉處理:在高6cm、直徑9cm的塑膠缽內裝定量土,將單子葉和雙子葉的雜草的種子15~20粒播種在塑膠缽內,蓋0.5~1cm厚的細土後放在溫室內培養,待雜草長至2~4葉期進行莖葉噴霧處理,每缽噴藥液1mL,每處理重複4次,並以未經處理的一些缽作為對照組。將處理的缽置於溫室內培養,且定期觀察目標雜草的生長情況,21天後目測目標雜草關於損害症狀及生長抑制情況,並稱地上部分鮮重或植株鮮重,並以目標鮮重抑制率評估除草配製劑對目標雜草的毒性。
按照一定重量百分比製備三種配製劑:1、派羅克殺草碸;2、噻吩磺隆;3、派羅克殺草碸+噻吩磺隆。之後將上述各配製劑用水稀釋,獲得配製劑稀釋液。
試驗處理21天後目測目標雜草損害症狀及生長抑制情況,並稱地上部分鮮重,計算鮮重抑制率(%)。
對混合兩種或多種除草活性成分的協同性作用的分析是根據在“CalculationSynergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations”(Weeds 15/1(1967),S.R.Colby)中描述的Colby’s方法所測定。
其中,X為派羅克殺草碸當單獨以某劑量施用時對目標雜草的鮮重抑制率;Y為噻吩磺隆當單獨以某劑量施用時對目標雜草的鮮重抑制率;E0為當施用派羅克殺草碸與噻吩磺隆之混合物時對目標雜草鮮重抑制率的理論值;E為當施用派羅克殺草碸與噻吩磺隆之混合物時對目標雜草鮮重抑制率的實測值。
如果在生物試驗中觀察到的實際的雜草防治率(E)超過使用Colby’s公式計算得到的預期值(E0),則表示除草組合物的效力大於各成分效力的總和,其表示組合物具有協同性作用。
本發明的協同性除草組合物已針對以下廣殺草譜的重要有害植物(禾本科雜草、闊葉雜草、莎草科雜草)進行測試:稻稗(Echinochloa oryzicola)、馬唐(Digitaria spp.)繁縷(Stellaria media)、反枝莧(Amaranthus retroflexus)、卷莖蓼(Fallopia(ex Polygonum)Convolvulus)、檾麻(Abuthilon theophrasti)、野慈姑(Sagittariatrifolia)、澤瀉(Oriental Waterplantain Rhizome)、鴨舌草(Herb of Pygmy Arrowhead)、雨久花(Monochoria korsakowii)、陌上菜(Lindernia procumbens)、龍葵(Solanum nigrum L.)、螢藺(Scirpus juncoides Roxb)、異型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)、藜(Chenopodium alum L.)、野燕麥(Avena fatua L.)、豬殃殃(Galium aparine L.var.tenerum Gren.et(Godr.)Rebb.。
試驗結果顯示:當施用派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆(在50:1-1:50的範圍內)之組合物時,防除禾本科雜草、闊葉雜草、莎草科雜草顯示明顯的協同性作用。
本發明的協同性除草組合物之雜草防治功效優於各成分分別施用時的功效,農藥效果試驗已驗證其組合物具有協同性作用,且具有下列特性:擴大除草譜、藉由一次施用防治作物田禾本科、闊葉雜草及莎草科雜草,減少施用次數,降低防治成本,減緩雜草抗性的產生,對作物安全性好,且符合農藥製劑的安全性要求。可用於玉米、大豆、穀物、向日葵、馬鈴薯、花生、棉花田苗前封閉除草或苗後除草。
在溫室條件下,將試驗植物小麥種子種植在塑膠罐中,在塑膠罐中生長至4-葉期。在此階段,將派羅克殺草碸、噻吩磺隆及派羅克殺草碸+噻吩磺隆的組合物,施用到試驗植物。施用3周後,使用百分率量度評估除草劑對作物的植物毒性。100%表示試驗植物完全死亡,0%表示無植物毒性作用存在。
可以觀察到,噻吩磺隆和派羅克殺草碸的組合物已改善派羅克殺草碸與農作物的相容性,降低或防止派羅克殺草碸對用其處理的有用作物的植物、種子或其他繁殖部分所造成的損害。
除非另有指明,說明書全文與下述申請專利範圍中,「包含」與「包括」及其變化形式,如「其包含」與「其包括」將被理解為隱喻包括所述整數或整數群組,但不排除任何其他整數或整數群組。
此說明書中參考之任何先前技藝並非,亦不應視為認知此先前技藝形成一般通常知識之任何形式的提示。
發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將理解本發明不限於其於所述特定應用領域之使用。本發明不限於其關於在此所述或描繪之特定元件及/或特徵的較佳具體例。將理解本發明不限於所揭露之具體例或具體例等,而是能够在不偏離本發明範圍下作各種重排、修改及取代。
Claims (16)
- 一種協同性除草組合物,其包含活性成分派羅克殺草碸(Pyroxasulfone)和噻吩磺隆(Thifensulfuron methyl),其中該派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的重量比範圍為50:1-1:50。
- 根據請求項1的協同性除草組合物,其中該派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的重量比範圍為25:1-1:25。
- 根據請求項1的協同性除草組合物,其中該派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的重量比範圍為10:1-1:10。
- 根據請求項1的協同性除草組合物,其中該派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的重量比範圍為5:1-1:5。
- 根據請求項1至4中任一項之協同性除草組合物,其進一步包含表面活性劑和/或增充劑。
- 根據請求項5所述的協同性除草組合物,其特徵在於,所述活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的含量占所述協同性除草組合物以重量計的5%-90%。
- 根據請求項5所述的協同性除草組合物,其中該活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的含量占該協同性除草組合物以重量計的10%-80%。
- 根據請求項5所述的協同性除草組合物,其中該活性成分活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆的含量占該協同性除草組合物以重量計的20%-60%。
- 根據請求項1所述的協同性除草組合物,其中該組成物係以選自下列的配製劑提供:可濕性粉劑(WP)、乳劑(EC)、水懸劑(SC)、膠囊懸著劑(CS)、微乳劑(ME)、水基乳劑(EW)、濃懸乳劑(SE)、水分散粒劑(WDG)、水劑(AS)、膠囊水懸混劑(ZC)及超低容量液劑(ULV)。
- 一種根據請求項1至9中任一項所述的協同性除草組合物在防治不希望的植物生長之用途。
- 一種根據請求項1至9中任一項所述的協同性除草組合物在防治及去除不希望的植物生長之用途。
- 根據請求項10或11所述的用途,其中該不希望的植物係選自闊葉科雜草、莎草科雜草及禾本科雜草。
- 一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,其包括:(i)在不希望的植物發芽之前(芽前);(ii)在不希望的植物發芽之後(芽後),或(iii)在(i)和(ii)時,將除草有效量的根據請求項1至9中任一項所述的協同性除草組合物施用於不希望的植物或其生長場所。
- 一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,其包括將根據請求項1所述的協同性除草組合物的活性成分派羅克殺草碸和噻吩磺隆共同或分別地施用於不希望的植物或其生長場所。
- 一種防治不希望的植物生長的方法,其包括根據請求項1至9中任一項所述的協同性除草組合物在有用作物的植物、種子或其它繁殖部分存在下施用。
- 一種降低或防止派羅克殺草碸當其施用的有用作物的植物、種子或其他繁殖部分時所造成的損害的方法,其包括將根據請求項1至9中任一項所述的協同性除草組合物施用於該有用植物的植物、種子或其他繁殖部分。
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