TWI743677B - Multifunctional composite material, its preparation method and multifunctional composite substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

This creation provides a multifunctional composite material, which includes a cloth, a cementing material, and water, wherein, based on the overall weight of the multifunctional composite material, the cloth accounts for 1% to 20% by weight, and the cementing material accounts for 80%. Weight percentage to 99 weight percentage. The multifunctional composite material of this creation effectively solves the problem of disposal and placement of waste textiles. In addition, the multifunctional composite substrate formed by the multifunctional composite material also has the characteristics of good water absorption, heat insulation, fire resistance and light weight. It meets the needs of green building materials applications and has high development potential in the building materials market.

Description

Multifunctional composite material, its preparation method and multifunctional composite substrate

The present invention relates to a composite material, its preparation method and finished products made from the composite material, in particular to a composite material used in civil engineering, its preparation method and its finished products.

With the rise of the fast fashion trend, the textile industry is booming. The fabric sapwood produced in the textile process has inevitably increased significantly. A huge 10,000-ton-class fabric sapwood can be produced a year, and consumers will discard it after use. The disposal and placement of discarded textiles has become an issue that cannot be ignored.

Generally speaking, in addition to a small part of waste textiles through recycling and reuse, most waste textiles are treated by incineration or burying. However, in addition to natural fibers, more waste textiles are chemically synthetic fibers. Incineration will emit toxic waste gas, which will further cause air pollution and endanger human health. If the method of landfilling is adopted, most of the chemical synthetic fibers are not easily decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, which not only cannot fundamentally solve the problem of the continuous accumulation of waste textiles, but also It may also cause water pollution.

At present, the common method of recycling and recycling waste textiles is to first classify natural fibers or dissolve them with appropriate solvents. The remaining man-made fibers are like plastic bottles and other recycled plastic products, and plastic recycling processes are carried out according to the characteristics of different materials. , Or further made into filter materials, artificial plasticized wood, etc., but the aforementioned treatment methods are still in the preliminary development stage due to cost and technical feasibility considerations.

Therefore, there is still a need to develop a low-cost waste textile treatment method that can achieve recycling and sustainable recycling of waste textiles.

In view of the above-mentioned problems faced by the prior art, the purpose of this creation is to provide a multifunctional composite material that can use waste textiles as a basic component to provide an innovative recycling and reuse method for waste textiles.

Another purpose of this creation is to provide a multifunctional composite material, the substrate made of which has good water absorption, heat insulation, fire resistance and light weight characteristics.

To achieve the foregoing objective, this creation provides a multifunctional composite material, which includes a cloth, a cement material, and water, wherein, based on the total weight of the solids in the multifunctional composite material, the cloth accounts for 1% to 20% by weight Percentage, the cementing material accounts for 80% to 99% by weight.

Through the fiber structure of the cloth and mixing with the cementing material in a specific ratio, the multifunctional composite substrate formed by the multifunctional composite material has good water absorption, heat insulation, fire resistance and light weight characteristics; In addition, the source of the cloth can be waste textiles, so waste textiles can be recycled and reused, effectively solving the problem of disposal and placement of waste textiles.

Preferably, based on the total solid weight of the multifunctional composite material, the cloth occupies 5 weight percent to 15 weight percent.

According to this creation, the cementing material generally refers to a substance that can produce cementation after reacting with water and solidify after a certain period of time.

Preferably, the cementitious material includes a recycled cementitious filler material, a cement mineral admixture, and a chemical admixture. Wherein, based on the total weight of the cementitious material, the reclaimed cementitious filler material accounts for 80% to 90% by weight, the cement mineral admixture accounts for 0% to 20% by weight, and the chemical admixture accounts for 0% to 5% by weight. Percent by weight. When the content of the regenerated cemented filler material is within the aforementioned range, the cemented material can further improve the overall strength of the multifunctional composite material after curing.

According to this creation, the reclaimed cementitious filler material and cement mineral admixture are pozzolanic materials (pozzolanic materials), which will chemically react with calcium hydroxide to form materials containing hydrates with cementing properties.

Preferably, the reclaimed cementitious filling material contains F-level fly ash, blast furnace stone powder or a combination thereof. The F-class fly ash is based on ASTM C618 standard specifications, and its calcium oxide (CaO) content is less than 10%, and is usually the product of anthracite or bituminous coal after combustion.

Preferably, the cement mineral admixture contains Class C fly ash, cement or a combination thereof. By selecting Class C fly ash, cement or a combination thereof as cement mineral admixtures, the curing time of the multifunctional composite material can be further shortened and the overall strength after curing can be improved. The Class C fly ash is based on the ASTM C618 standard specification, and its CaO content is about 10% to 40%, and is usually the product of lignite or sub-bituminous coal after combustion.

Preferably, based on the total weight of the cementitious material, the cement mineral admixture accounts for 5 wt% to 15 wt%.

Since fly ash (including class F fly ash and class C fly ash) and blast furnace stone powder are wastes generated in the process of power generation and industrial production, respectively, there are also difficulties in handling and placement. Therefore, this creation selects fly ash, blast furnace stone powder or Its combination as a regenerated cemented filling material can not only further improve the overall strength of the multifunctional composite material after curing, but also can recycle waste such as fly ash or blast furnace stone powder for reuse. According to this creation, the fly ash refers to the waste produced by the burning of pulverized coal in thermal power plants, mainly after the clay and quartz contained in the pulverized coal are melted, and the hydrogen and nitrogen generated during the combustion process melt the waste. The object bulges and forms a hollow body or a broken hollow body, which is then cooled to become glass spherical particles. In addition, the blast furnace stone powder refers to the waste generated after steelmaking, and mainly refers to the molten slag produced by the high temperature reaction of iron ore, limestone, coke and flux in the steelmaking process.

Preferably, based on the total weight of the cementing material, the chemical admixture accounts for 0.5 weight percent to 2 weight percent. With the addition of chemical admixtures, the solidification speed and strength of multifunctional composite materials can be effectively increased, and the utilization rate of recycled cemented filling materials can be increased to more than 80%.

Preferably, the chemical admixture includes sodium sulfate (Na ₂ SO ₄ ), calcium thiosulfate (CaS ₂ O ₃ ), aluminum sulfate (Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ ), Sodium metasilicate (Na ₂ SiO ₃ ), potassium silicate (K ₂ SiO ₃ ), aluminum silicate (Al ₂ SiO ₅ ) or a combination thereof. By adding the chemical admixture of the aforementioned specific ingredients, it is helpful to increase the curing speed of the reclaimed cemented filling material and shorten the time for it to reach a certain strength, and the multifunctional composite substrate of this creation is made.

According to this creation, the cloth is not particularly limited, for example, it may contain natural fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers or a combination thereof.

According to this creation, the natural fiber can be cotton, hemp, wool or silk, etc., but is not limited to this; the synthetic fiber can be polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET), polyamide ( Polyamide, PA) and polypropylene (PP), but not limited to these. Since natural fiber has a porous structure, when the cloth is natural fiber, it can have a higher water absorption rate.

Preferably, the multifunctional composite material may further include a fine aggregate. By adding fine aggregates to the multifunctional composite material, the rigidity and strength of the multifunctional composite substrate formed by curing can be improved. According to this creation, the fine aggregate generally refers to a material that can pass through a No. 4 screen (with an aperture of about 4.75 mm), which can be natural sand or stone chips, but is not limited to this.

Preferably, the fine aggregate includes sand aggregate, waste foundry sand, waste glass sand, waste sandblasting or a combination thereof.

When the multifunctional composite material of this creation uses fabric, fly ash, blast furnace stone powder and other wastes derived from waste textiles as raw materials, it can not only increase the application rate of renewable raw materials, but also has the advantages of environmental protection and sustainable resource reuse. Reduce manufacturing costs and have commercial value.

In addition, this creation also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned multifunctional composite material, which includes the following steps: step (a): chipping a textile to obtain a cloth; and step (b); bonding the cloth with a cloth The material and water are mixed to obtain the multifunctional composite material; wherein, based on the total solid weight of the multifunctional composite material, the cloth accounts for 1 wt% to 20 wt%, and the cementing material accounts for 80 wt% to 99 wt%.

Preferably, based on the total solid weight of the multifunctional composite material, the cloth occupies 5 weight percent to 15 weight percent.

According to this creation, the fragmentation treatment generally refers to the use of any means or method to make a complete textile go through the processes of cutting, squeezing, tearing, etc., into a plurality of different shapes of cloth. For example, the fragmentation process involves placing a complete textile in a high-torque crusher, cutting and crushing through the blades inside, and then obtaining a plurality of fabrics of different shapes.

Preferably, the cementitious material comprises a regenerated cementitious filler material, a cement mineral admixture and a chemical admixture. Wherein, based on the total weight of the cementitious material, the regenerated cementitious filler material accounts for 80% to 90% by weight, the cement mineral admixture accounts for 0% to 20% by weight, and the chemical admixture accounts for 0% to 5% by weight. Percent by weight.

Preferably, the reclaimed cementitious filling material contains F-level fly ash, blast furnace stone powder or a combination thereof.

Preferably, the cloth contains natural fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers or a combination thereof.

Preferably, this step (a) further includes the following steps: step (a1): after a textile is fragmented, immersed in a chemical admixture solution to obtain a cloth infiltration slurry; and step (a2): The cloth infiltration slurry is taken out of the chemical admixture solution to obtain an infiltrated cloth.

Preferably, the chemical doping solution includes sodium sulfate solution, calcium thiosulfate solution, aluminum sulfate solution, sodium silicate solution, potassium silicate solution, aluminum silicate solution, or a combination thereof.

In addition, this creation also provides a multifunctional composite substrate, which is obtained from the aforementioned multifunctional composite material through the steps of mold filling, press molding, and standing curing. Because the aforementioned multifunctional composite material contains a specific proportion of fabrics and cementing materials, the multifunctional composite substrate formed by it has good water absorption, heat insulation, fire resistance and light weight, which is in line with the current requirements for green building materials. Requirements, and in turn has a very high development potential in the building materials market.

According to this creation, the step of press molding generally refers to the method in which pressure is applied to the material to compact and solidify the material; the step of standing curing generally refers to preventing the material from being completely solidified before the final solidification. Measures for damage caused by environmental influences, for example, the step of standing curing includes watering, wet curing, film curing, or steam curing, but it is not limited thereto.

In the description, the range represented by "decimal value to large value", if not specified, means that the range is greater than or equal to the small value to less than or equal to the large value. For example: 1 weight percent to 20 weight percent, which means that the range is "greater than or equal to 1 weight percent to less than or equal to 20 weight percent".

In the following, those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and effects that can be achieved by this creation from the following embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that the narrative presented in this article is only used to illustrate the preferred embodiments and not to limit the scope of the creation. Various modifications and changes can be made for implementation or application without departing from the spirit and scope of the creation. The content of this creation.

Example 1

Provide a waste textile with a cotton content of 100%, put it in a high-torque crusher with a screen aperture of 15 mm, which is cut by a cylindrical blade, and crush it to obtain a size of about 5 mm to 9 Then take 1.0 kg of cloth and soak it in a 15% by weight aluminum sulfate solution to obtain a cloth infiltration slurry, and then take out the cloth soaked in it.

Subsequently, 9.0 kg of Class F fly ash and the aforementioned impregnated fabric were placed in a high-torque mixer for mixing for about 5 minutes, and an appropriate amount of water was added during the mixing and mixing process, and finally the multi-function of Example 1 was obtained. The composite material is a semi-dry concrete slurry with a moisture content of about 70%.

Take the aforementioned semi-dry concrete slurry, that is, the multifunctional composite material of Example 1 and place it in a mold measuring 20 cm in length, 20 cm in width, and 5 cm in height. The coagulated slurry is no longer deformed after the pressure is released, and then after demolding, it is allowed to stand for about 1 month for curing at room temperature to obtain the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 1. The cloth and fly ash account for about 10% and 90% of the total weight of the multifunctional composite substrate, so the recycling rate of recycled materials can be as high as 90%.

Example 2

Provide a waste textile with a cotton content of 100%, put it in a high-torque crusher with a screen aperture of 15 mm, which is cut by a cylindrical blade, and crush it to obtain a size of about 5 mm to 9 Then take 1.0 kg of cloth and soak it in a 15% by weight aluminum sulfate solution to obtain a cloth infiltration slurry, and then take out the cloth soaked in it.

Subsequently, 1.0 kg of cement, 8.0 kg of Class F fly ash and the aforementioned infiltrated fabric are placed in a high-torque mixer for mixing for about 5 minutes, and an appropriate amount of water is added during the mixing process, and finally implemented The multifunctional composite material of Example 2 is a semi-dry concrete slurry with a moisture content of about 70%.

Take the aforementioned semi-dry concrete slurry, that is, the multifunctional composite material of Example 2 and place it into a mold measuring 20 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 5 cm high. Fill it with grouting and form it by manual pressure in a gradual manner. Until the mold is fully filled, it is then allowed to stand at room temperature for about 1 week to obtain the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 2. The cloth and fly ash account for about 10% and 80% of the total weight of the multifunctional composite substrate, so the recycling rate of recycled raw materials can be as high as 80%.

Example 3

The preparation process of Example 3 is similar to that of Example 2, but the difference is that the waste textile is composed of 100% polyester fiber, and then the multifunctional composite material of Example 3 and the examples are prepared according to the same process. 3 multifunctional composite substrates.

Example 4

The preparation process of Example 4 is similar to that of Example 2, but the difference is that the waste textile is composed of 50% cotton and 50% polyester fiber, and then follow the same process to prepare the multifunctional example 4 Composite material and the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 4.

Example 5

Provide a waste textile composed of 50% cotton and 50% polyester fiber, and place it in a high-torque crusher with a screen aperture of 15 mm and a cylindrical blade cutting for crushing. After processing, a cloth with a size of about 5 mm to 9 mm is obtained.

Put 1.0 kg of the aforementioned cloth, 0.5 kg of cement, 4.0 kg of blast furnace stone powder, 0.5 kg of Class C fly ash and 3.0 kg of Class F fly ash into the high torque mixer, and then follow the same procedure as in Example 2. The subsequent process produces the multifunctional composite material of Example 5 and the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 5. The cloth, blast furnace stone powder and fly ash together account for approximately 90% of the total weight of the multifunctional composite substrate, so the recycling rate of recycled raw materials can be as high as 80%.

Test example: Characteristic analysis of multifunctional composite substrate

Water absorption

The multifunctional composite substrates of Examples 1 to 5 were tested according to the water absorption test method contained in CNS 382, and the results of the water absorption measured are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Water absorption test results of the multifunctional composite substrates of Examples 1 to 5 testing sample Water absorption rate (%) Example 1 46.5 Example 2 71.22 Example 3 53.63 Example 4 64.26 Example 5 56.25

It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that the multifunctional composite substrates of Examples 1 to 5 all have a water absorption rate higher than 45% and show good water absorption characteristics. Among them, in the multifunctional composite substrates of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 with similar composition, the selected fabrics are 100% cotton, 100% polyester fiber, and 50% cotton and 50% poly. The water absorption rate of ester fiber is 71.22%, 53.63% and 64.26% respectively. It shows that the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 2 contains 100% cotton, so its water absorption rate is higher than that of Example 3, which contains 100% polyester. The multifunctional composite substrate of fibers, and the water absorption rate of the multifunctional composite substrates of Examples 2 to 5 can reach more than 50%, which can be extended to the field of water-retaining building materials with the function of reducing the urban heat island effect.

Thermal insulation

According to the specifications of CNS 7333 (2014) "Testing Method for Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulation Materials", the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 1 was tested. The test results show that the thermal conductivity of the multifunctional composite substrate in Example 1 is 0.162 W/m·K, which is compared with common building materials such as cement (heat conductivity is about 1.4 W/m·K), red brick (heat conductivity) Coefficient of about 0.8 W/m·K), marble (heat conductivity coefficient of about 2.8 W/m·K), etc., have a very good thermal insulation effect, applied to building materials can effectively prevent the indoor temperature from changing with the outdoor environment temperature Change, achieve the effect of greatly reducing the energy consumption of the building's heating and cooling air conditioning.

Fire resistance

According to the specifications of CNS 14705-1 (2013) "Testing Method for Combustion Heat Release Rate of Building Materials", the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 1 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Fire resistance test results of the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 1 Test items result Normative value Total heat release (MJ/m ² ) 8.0 Not more than 8.0 Continuous burning time (s) 0 - The maximum heat release rate does not exceed 200 kW/m ^{2 for more than 10 seconds} conform to conform to Whether there are cracks and holes penetrating to the back without without

It can be seen from the test results in Table 2 that the total heat release, maximum heat release and structural integrity of the multifunctional composite substrate of Example 1 meet the standards set in the specification. At the same time, no burning time is measured, which is in line with CNS. 14705-1 (2013) stipulates the first-class standard of flame resistance, that is, in the initial stage of a fire, it is not easy to burn, not easy to produce harmful smoke and gas, and will not cause undesirable phenomena such as deformation, melting, and cracking. Accordingly, the application of the multifunctional composite substrate in this case to building materials can achieve quite excellent fireproofing effect.

Lightweight

The length, width, thickness and weight of the multifunctional composite substrates of Examples 1 to 5 were measured, and the specific gravities are shown in Table 3, which are approximately 1.12, 1.14, 1.23, 1.27, and 0.86 g/cm ^{3 respectively} . Compared with common building materials, such as cement (specific gravity about 2.5 g/cm ³ ), red brick (specific gravity about 1.8 g/cm ³ ), marble (specific gravity about 2.6 g/cm ³ ), etc., it has better Its lightness, applied to building materials can reduce the burden of building structure and handling and construction, and further improve efficiency and reduce costs. Table 3: Specific gravity test results of the multifunctional composite substrates of Examples 1 to 5 testing sample proportion Example 1 1.12 Example 2 1.14 Example 3 1.23 Example 4 1.27 Example 5 0.86

In summary, this creation can choose to use waste textiles as the raw materials of multifunctional composite materials, providing a treatment method for waste textile recycling and reuse, effectively solving the problem of waste textile processing and placement. Not only that, the creation is multifunctional The composite material contains a specific proportion of cloth and cementitious materials, so that the multi-functional composite substrate formed by it has good water absorption, heat insulation, fire resistance and light weight characteristics and meets the requirements of green building materials, so regardless of environmental protection Continuation or the building materials market has quite high development potential.

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Claims (11)

A multifunctional composite material comprising a cloth, a cement material and water, wherein, based on the total weight of the solids in the multifunctional composite material, the cloth accounts for 1 to 20% by weight, and the cement material accounts for 80% by weight Percentage to 99% by weight; wherein, the cementitious material includes a regenerated cementitious filler material, a cement mineral admixture and a chemical admixture, and based on the total weight of the cementitious material, the regenerated cementitious filler accounts for 80% by weight to 90 wt%, the cement mineral admixture accounts for 5 wt% to 15 wt%, and the chemical admixture accounts for 0 wt% to 5 wt%; wherein, the cement mineral admixture includes cement or a combination of C-grade fly ash and cement. The multifunctional composite material according to claim 1, wherein the reclaimed cementitious filling material comprises class F fly ash, blast furnace stone powder or a combination thereof. The multifunctional composite material according to claim 1, wherein the chemical admixture comprises sodium sulfate, calcium thiosulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, aluminum silicate or a combination thereof. The multifunctional composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cloth is natural fiber, semi-synthetic fiber, synthetic fiber or a combination thereof. The multifunctional composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which further comprises a fine aggregate. The multifunctional composite material according to claim 5, wherein the fine aggregate comprises sand and gravel aggregates, waste foundry sand, waste glass sand, waste sandblasting, or a combination thereof. A preparation method of a multifunctional composite material, which comprises the following steps: step (a): fragmenting a textile to obtain a cloth; and step (b): mixing the cloth with a cement material and water to obtain the Multifunctional composite material; wherein, based on the total solid weight of the multifunctional composite material, the cloth accounts for 1% to 20% by weight, and the cement material accounts for 80% to 99% by weight; Wherein, the cementitious material comprises a regenerated cementitious filler material, a cement mineral admixture and a chemical admixture, and based on the total weight of the cementitious material, the regenerated cementitious filler material accounts for 80% to 90% by weight, the cement The mineral admixture accounts for 5 wt% to 15 wt%, and the chemical admixture accounts for 0 wt% to 5 wt%; wherein, the cement mineral admixture includes cement or a combination of grade C fly ash and cement. The method for preparing a multifunctional composite material according to claim 7, wherein the step (a) includes: step (a1): after a textile is fragmented, it is immersed in a chemical admixture solution to obtain a cloth infiltrating slurry Body; and step (a2): then take out the cloth infiltrating slurry from the chemical admixture solution to obtain an infiltrated cloth. The method for preparing a multifunctional composite material according to claim 8, wherein the chemical doping solution includes sodium sulfate solution, calcium thiosulfate solution, aluminum sulfate solution, sodium silicate solution, potassium silicate solution, aluminum silicate Solution or combination. The method for preparing a multifunctional composite material according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the cloth comprises natural fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers or a combination thereof. A multifunctional composite substrate, which is obtained from the multifunctional composite material according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 through mold filling, pressure forming, and static curing steps.