TWI741757B - Electric vehicle with electromagnetic induction power generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric vehicle with magnetic induction power generating device includes an vehicle body, at least one battery pack installed inside the vehicle body, at least one power generation device electrically coupled to the at least one battery pack for providing electricity, a transmission device placed between the free-running wheel and the power generating device, and at least one motor for driving the electric vehicle, wherein the at least one power generating device can be coupled to at least one free-running wheel of the vehicle for converting a rotating energy of the at least one free-running wheel into electricity.

Description

Electric vehicle with electromagnetic induction power generation device

The present invention relates to power generation equipment, in particular to an electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles.

At present, the conventional electric vehicle is driven by the electric energy provided by the on-board battery (single energy source). Since the capacity of the battery is limited, the battery energy will inevitably be exhausted during use and the electric vehicle will not run, which will cause the user to be trapped on the road. However, the oil-electric hybrid vehicle has low system efficiency because it retains the mechanical transmission system and fuel engine, which is not against the trend of energy saving, emission reduction, and low-carbon economy.

Among them, the above-mentioned vehicles are driven only by electricity. One possible disadvantage of this type of known or commercially available engine (motor) is frequent charging requirements, which must be fulfilled by domestic or commercial charging stations. This kind of pure electric vehicle has the additional disadvantage of having a short and impractical driving range before it needs to be charged.

Therefore, in the field of electric vehicles, especially in the field of power generation and/or improved drive trains, there is a need to extend the operable travel distance of vehicles driven only or partly by electricity, including hybrid vehicles using power converter components. The power converter assembly proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems should utilize the basic energy provided by the continuous rotation of the non-driving wheel train of the vehicle, and the supplementary current provided in this way is sufficient to maintain sufficient and sufficient battery assemblies related to electric vehicles. Operable charge. In addition, the energy converter assembly proposed in this preferred embodiment should be able to convert the mechanical energy wasted by the rotation of the vehicle's non-driving wheel train into sufficient auxiliary current, which can not only maintain the charge on the battery power supply Not only associated with such vehicles, but also independently or appropriately for vehicles and/or generally associated with Auxiliary electronic components (such as personal electronic devices) used with the vehicle are powered.

Since its invention, the generator has been playing the core device of electricity generation, and its main function is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The source of mechanical energy can come from internal combustion engines, fan turbofans, compressed air, etc., or mechanical energy from other sources. In practical applications, generators provide almost all of the power for power grids. Therefore, based on factors such as environmental protection and environmental sustainability, how to improve power generation efficiency is an important issue.

The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by reverse operation. There are many similarities between a motor and a generator.

Generators and motors (such as AC induction or DC permanent magnets) generally include an external stator or fixed component, which is usually hollow cylindrical and includes wire coils arranged on the inner sidewalls thereof. In motor applications, current flows into the pair of coils arranged in the stator (three-phase motors usually contain three pairs of separate coils, which are arranged in a manner that is opposite and partially offset along the circumferential direction), so that the internally positioned rotor The component rotates.

The rotor is usually a solid cylinder fixed inside the stator (with a definite air gap between the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor and the inner surface of the stator), and its outer shaft extends outward from the axial centerline of the rotor.

Existing electric motors or generators contain components with iron sheets, such as laminated steel sheets or silicon steel sheets, which are used as stator coil winding iron cores. The magnetic field generated by these components can interact with the permanent iron on the rotor to reduce Power generation efficiency.

Based on the aforementioned shortcomings of insufficient endurance of pure electric vehicles before they need to be recharged, a high-efficiency energy converter assembly, that is, an electromagnetic induction power generation device that can be integrated in electric vehicles, can rotate the non-driving wheel train of the vehicle. It is necessary to convert the wasted mechanical energy into sufficient auxiliary current to charge the battery pack installed in the electric vehicle.

In order to solve the shortcoming of insufficient endurance of pure electric vehicles and to overcome this shortcoming, a high-efficiency power converter assembly is required to convert the mechanical energy wasted by the rotation of the vehicle's non-driving wheel train into sufficient auxiliary current. The present invention provides an electric vehicle capable of integrating a high-efficiency electromagnetic induction power generation device.

A high-efficiency and iron-loss-free generator can be realized by arranging the coil windings using only copper wires into suitable coil winding stacks and combining them with a rotor assembled with permanent magnets.

Based on the above objective, the present invention provides an electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device, including: a vehicle body; at least one battery pack is placed in the vehicle body; at least one generator is coupled to the at least one battery pack for the Charging; a transmission device coupled between the at least one generator and the non-driving wheel; at least one motor for driving the electric vehicle, wherein the at least one generator can be coupled to at least one non-driving wheel of the electric vehicle It is used to convert the rotating mechanical energy of the non-driving wheel into electrical energy.

The above-mentioned electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles includes a cylindrical housing, a fixed sub-module, and a plurality of axially fixed stator units with equal intervals. Each stator unit includes a fixed sub-base and a plurality of coils. Are arranged in the stator base radially and at equal radial angles, and a rotor module, with a plurality of rotor units, each rotor unit includes a rotor base and a plurality of permanent magnets are radially and equally radial The horns are arranged in the rotor base, wherein the plurality of rotor units are connected by a rotor shaft for simultaneous rotation, and each rotor unit is arranged between adjacent stator units.

The above-mentioned stator base is a cylindrical base with a central hole for passing a rotating shaft. The stator base has a space for accommodating the coil between the circular inner wall and the outer wall.

The above-mentioned space between the circular inner wall and the outer wall is equally divided into two sub-regions along its axial direction.

Each of the above-mentioned coils is wound by an enameled wire and forms a curved Z-shaped cross-section ring structure.

Each of the above coils can be partially side-by-side and stacked together to form a close stack.

The above-mentioned rotor unit includes a non-magnetic rotor base having a central hole for connecting a rotating shaft.

The magnetic poles of the adjacent permanent magnets are alternately arranged in opposite polarities.

Each of the above-mentioned permanent magnets is a columnar body with an equiangular cross-section, and can be configured such that their respective vertical bisectors coincide with one of a group of radial axes having an equal radial angular distribution on the rotor base.

The permanent magnet with the first type of magnetic polarity is arranged so that its bottom surface faces the center of the rotor base, and the permanent magnet with the second type of magnetic polarity is arranged so that its bottom surface faces the outer edge of the rotor base.

The above-mentioned permanent magnet with the first type of magnetic polarity has an N-pole magnetic polarity.

The above-mentioned permanent magnet with the second type of magnetic polarity has an S pole.

1a: Motor

2a: Differential gear device

3a: axle

(4a, 5a): driving wheel

(6a, 7a): battery pack

10a, 10b: power generation device

8a, 9a: free-running wheels

15a, 15b: wheel and axle

14a, 14b: gear box

(16a, 20a'): wire harness

17a, 17b: switch

(16b, 20a): wire harness

13a: Control Center

10a, 10b: electromagnetic induction device

40: Rotation axis

50: Cylindrical shell

20: stator unit

30: Rotor unit

22: stator base

24: coil

25: Center hole

(26a, 26b): gap

28, 38: filler

31: Center hole

32: Rotor base

36: Notch

34: permanent magnet

The detailed description of the present invention and the schematic diagrams of the embodiments described below should make the present invention more fully understood; however, it should be understood that this is only used as a reference for understanding the application of the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention to a specific embodiment. Among.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

2 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4(a) shows a front view of an electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

4(b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention along the E-E cutting direction.

4(c) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention along the F-F cutting direction.

Fig. 5(a) shows a front view of a rotor unit in the electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5(b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotor unit in the electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

6(a)-(b) show a configuration diagram of a three-phase coil of a stator unit in an electromagnetic induction power generation device for an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

6(c) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the configuration of the stator unit and the rotor unit in the electromagnetic induction power generation device for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6(d) shows a connection method of a stator unit with three-phase winding for an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Here, the present invention will be described in detail with respect to specific embodiments of the invention and its viewpoints. Such descriptions are used to explain the structure or step flow of the present invention, and are for illustrative purposes rather than limiting the present invention. The scope of patent application. Therefore, in addition to the specific embodiments and preferred embodiments in the specification, the present invention can also be widely implemented in other different embodiments. The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those familiar with this technology can easily understand the efficacy and advantages of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Moreover, the present invention can also be applied and implemented by other specific embodiments. The details described in this specification can also be applied based on different needs, and various modifications or changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

The "first", "second", etc. used herein do not specifically refer to order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention. They are only used to distinguish elements or operations described in the same technical terms.

Regarding the “connection” or “electrical coupling” used in this article, it can mean that two or more components are directly connected to each other physically or electrically, or indirectly connected to each other physically or electrically, and “connected” or "Electrical coupling" can also refer to two or more components interoperating or acting.

In order to solve the shortcomings of insufficient endurance of pure electric vehicles and for this shortcoming, a high-efficiency power converter assembly is required to convert the mechanical energy of the rotation of the vehicle's non-driving wheel train into sufficient auxiliary current. The present invention provides a high-efficiency electromagnetic induction power generation device that can be integrated in an electric vehicle and integrated into the electric vehicle.

Fig. 1 shows a vehicle driven by electricity, which has a motor 1a for driving a pair of driving wheels (4a, 5a) of the vehicle through a differential gear device 2a and an axle 3a. The battery packs (6a, 7a) are used to provide power to the motor 1a in turn. The battery packs (6a, 7a) are charged in turn by two power generating devices, the first power generating device 10a and the second power generating device 10b, and the first power generating device 10a penetrates The free-running wheels (free-running wheels) 8a, the axle 15a, and the transmission device (e.g., gear box) 14a rotate; the second power generating device 10b passes through the free-running wheels (free-running wheels) 9a, the axle 15b, and the transmission device (e.g., Gear box) 14b rotates. A gearbox with variable ratio can be used. The electric energy generated by the first power generating device 10a can be supplied to the battery pack 6a through the wiring harness (16a, 20a') and the switch 17a, and the electric energy generated by the second power generating device 10b can be supplied to the battery pack through the wiring harness (16b, 20a) and the switch 17a, respectively 7a. In this embodiment of the present invention, the sensors (not shown) on the battery packs 6b and 7b will be stored in the The magnitude of the electric energy in each battery pack is transmitted to the power distribution control center 13a. Between the generator and the motor, the power of the motor can be adjusted to the proper speed of the generator through the speed change devices 14a, 14b.

When the vehicle is in a balanced mode (that is, carrying a normal load on a level road without accelerating), the power generation device (10a, 10b) is combined with the gearbox (14a, 14b) to provide a certain amount of electrical energy for the battery pack 7a, The motor 1a extracts electric energy from the battery pack 6a; the capacity of the generator device (10a, 10b) is set to provide a predetermined amount of energy to the battery pack 7a. As the vehicle speed decreases, electrical or mechanical signals are sent to the gearbox (14a, 14b) through the controller (control center) 13a, which changes the gear ratio to increase the speed of the gearbox. The generator (10a, 10b) maintains a predetermined electrical input to the battery pack 7a. The same is true when the battery pack 6a forms part of the battery charging circuit and the battery pack 7a forms part of the drive circuit.

The control center 13a switches between the two power generating devices 10a and 10b to supply electrical energy to the appropriate battery pack 6a or 7a. The control center 13a also adjusts the ratio of one or both of the gearboxes 14a and 14b and engages or disconnects as needed. When the battery pack 7a is used in the power drive circuit and the battery pack 6a is used in the charging circuit, The non-power battery pack 7a provides sufficient power to charge the battery for subsequent driving of the vehicle. When a sensor (not shown) on the battery pack 6a that is supplying power indicates that its power has been reduced to a preset value, the distribution control center 13a reverses the switches 17b and 17b from the position shown so that the fully charged battery pack 7a can pass through The wiring harnesses 19a and 21a and the switch 17b provide electric power to the motor 1a, and these wiring harnesses are part of an electric drive circuit for driving the vehicle. At the same time, the battery pack 6a enters the charging mode from the power generating devices 10a and 10b via the control center 13a, the switch 17a, and the wiring harness 20a'. In a preferred embodiment, the two power generating devices 10a and 10b may have exactly the same structure.

In order to convert the mechanical energy of the rotation of the non-driving wheel train of the vehicle into sufficient auxiliary current, a power generating device with high efficiency conversion efficiency is the key core among them. It can be rotatably coupled with the rotating shaft of the power generating device through appropriate mechanical coupling with the non-driving wheel train in the vehicle, such as a gear set or the like, to convert the rotating mechanical energy of the non-driving wheel train into electrical energy, and The electric energy generated by the power generating device is stored in the battery pack installed on the electric vehicle through the charging circuit.

Please refer to Figures 2 and 3, which disclose an electromagnetic induction device 10a (generator) for To generate electricity or power generation. The generator includes a coaxially assembled electromagnetic induction device 10a assembled in a cylindrical housing 50. The electromagnetic induction device 10a includes a stator module with a plurality of stator units 20 and a rotor module with a plurality of rotor units 30 . The plurality of stator units 20 are axially and equidistantly fixed in the housing 50 as a stator, and the plurality of rotor units 30 are coupled by a rotating shaft 40 to rotate together. Inside the electromagnetic induction device 10 a, each rotor unit 30 is installed between two adjacent stator units 20.

4 shows a front view of the stator unit 20, which includes a non-magnetic stator base (coil base) 22 and a plurality of coils 24 uniformly arranged in a coil base 22 radially and at equal radial angles. Each coil 24 is wound by enameled wire (wire) and forms a toroidal coil structure with a curved Z-shaped cross-section as shown in Figure 3(b). Figure 4(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along the EE cutting direction; 4(c) is a schematic cross-sectional view along the FF cutting direction. In this way, please refer to Figures 4(a)-4(c). Each coil 24 will form a curved cross-section, so that the coil and the coil can have a partial overlap when they are stacked, and each coil can be part of the adjacent coil. Side by side and stacked together to form a close stack, wherein the coils 24 can be configured as the vertical bisectors of individual coils and a set of radial axes (ax-1, ax-2,...) in the stator base 22 One of them coincides. In a preferred embodiment, the stator base 22 is a cylinder with a central hole 25 for the rotation shaft 40 to pass through and has a space between the circular inner wall and the outer wall for accommodating the coil 24, The above-mentioned accommodating space is equally divided into two sub-areas along the axial direction (z-axis) of the stator base, and the two sub-areas are separated by a partition wall. The coils arranged in the two sub-regions of the stator base 22 can interact with the permanent magnets installed in the rotor unit on both sides of the stator base 22 (please refer to Figure 2, Figure 5, and Figure 6 together) . In a preferred embodiment, each coil 24 is wound with enameled wire to form an equiangular triangle (or similar shape, such as trapezoid, etc.) and then bends it along its vertical bisector into a coil with a "Z" cross-sectional shape . Each coil forming an isosceles triangle (or trapezoid) is arranged and arranged in the stator base 22 in such a way that its bottom (base) faces the outer edge of the stator base. Once these coils 24 are installed in the correct position in the stator base 22, insulating and thermally conductive filler 28 (for example, epoxy resin) fills the gaps (26a, 26b) between them to fill the gaps to secure the coils It is in the stator base 22 and functions as insulation and heat conduction.

Figure 5(a) shows a front view of an individual rotor unit 30. The rotor unit 30 includes a disc-shaped (cylindrical) non-magnetic rotor base 32 with a plurality of permanent magnets (for example, rubidium iron boron permanent magnets) Mounted thereon, a central hole 31 is provided in the center of the rotor base 32 for coupling with a rotating shaft 40, and a plurality of notches 36 are formed on the outer edge of the non-magnetic base for reducing weight and enhancing heat dissipation effect. The plurality of permanent magnets 34 are uniformly arranged in the rotor base 32 radially and at equal radial angles, and the magnetic pole polarities of adjacent permanent magnets are alternately arranged in a manner of opposite polarity, that is, N poles and S poles are alternately arranged. Fig. 4(b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an individual rotor unit 30 along the cutting direction A-A. Once these permanent magnets 34 are installed in the correct position in the rotor base 32, the insulating and thermally conductive filler 38 (for example, epoxy resin) fills the gaps (26a, 26b) between them to fill the gaps for the coil It is fixed in the rotor base 32. In a preferred embodiment, each permanent magnet is a cylindrical body with an equiangular cross-section, and can be configured such that their respective vertical bisectors and the rotor base 32 have an equal radial angular distribution. One of the shafts (ax-1, ax-2,...) overlaps, and the permanent magnet 34 with the first type of magnetic polarity (for example, N pole) is arranged so that its bottom surface faces the rotor base 32 The permanent magnet 34 with the second type of magnetic polarity (for example, S pole) is arranged so that its bottom surface faces the outer edge of the rotor base 32.

Figures 6(a)-6(b) show a three-phase coil configuration diagram of the stator unit 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The connection modes of the three-phase coils A, B, and C are shown in Figure 6(b), The numbers in the drawings indicate individual coils located in the stator base. Among them, the coils 1, 4, 7, ... are connected in series along the circumference; the coils 2, 5, 8, ... are connected in series; the coils 3, 6, 9, ... are connected in series .

FIG. 6(c) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the configuration of the stator unit 20 and the rotor unit 30 in the electromagnetic induction power generation device 10a according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from Fig. 6(c) that the stator unit 20 with compact stacked coils and the cylindrical permanent magnet 34 with equiangular triangular cross-section installed in the rotor unit 32 can provide a high-efficiency electromagnetic induction unit without any Laminate steel sheets for coil winding.

FIG. 6(d) shows the connection mode of the stator unit 20 with three-phase windings A, B, and C, in which the AC alternating current generated by the electromagnetic induction device 10a can be fed into the load for application.

An embodiment is an implementation or example of the present invention. When referring to "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "some embodiments," or "other embodiments" in the specification, it means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in the embodiment is included in In at least some embodiments, but not Must be in all examples. The appearances of "one embodiment," "one embodiment," or "some embodiments" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. It should be understood that in the foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, several features may sometimes be grouped together in a single embodiment, drawings, or descriptions thereof, to simplify the disclosure and explain the understanding. Or multiple different invention viewpoints. However, this disclosure method is not intended to be interpreted as reflecting the intention that the present invention requires more features than those explicitly recorded in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the claims in the scope of the patent application, the invention point of view exists in fewer features than all the features of the previously disclosed embodiment alone. Therefore, the claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into this description, and each claim is independently used as an individual embodiment of the present invention.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that it is used to illustrate the present invention rather than to limit the scope of the claimed patent rights of the present invention. The scope of its patent protection shall depend on the scope of the attached patent application and its equivalent fields. Anyone who is familiar with the art in this field, without departing from the spirit or scope of this patent, makes changes or modifications that are equivalent changes or designs completed under the spirit of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the following patent applications Inside.

1a: Motor

2a: Differential gear device

3a: axle

(4a, 5a): driving wheel

(6a, 7a): battery pack

10a, 10b: power generation device

8a, 9a: free-running wheels

15a, 15b: wheel and axle

14a, 14b: gear box

(16a, 20a'): wire harness

17a, 17b: switch

(16b, 20a): wire harness

13a: Control Center

Claims (12)

An electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device includes: a vehicle body; a battery pack placed in the vehicle body; a generator coupled to the battery pack for charging it; Between the driving wheel and the generator, the mechanical energy of the non-driving wheel is transmitted to the generator; and a motor for driving the electric vehicle, wherein the generator is coupled to the non-driving wheel of the electric vehicle for Convert the rotating mechanical energy of the non-driving wheel into electrical energy. The electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one generator includes a cylindrical shell; a stator module having a plurality of axially fixed stator units with equal intervals, each The stator unit includes a stator base and a plurality of coils arranged in the stator base radially and at equal radial angles; and a rotor module having a plurality of rotor units, each of which includes a rotor base The base and a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged radially and at equal radial angles in the rotor base, wherein the plurality of rotor units are coupled by a rotor rotating shaft for simultaneous rotation and each of the rotor units is arranged adjacent to each other Between the stator units. An electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device as described in claim 2; wherein the stator base is a cylindrical base with a central hole for passing through the rotating shaft; wherein the stator base is on a circular inner wall There is a space for accommodating the above-mentioned coil between the outer wall and the outer wall. The electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device as described in claim 3, wherein the above is within a circular shape The space between the wall and the outer wall is equally divided into two sub-regions along its axial direction. The electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the above-mentioned coil is installed in the above-mentioned two sub-regions. The electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 2, wherein each of the above-mentioned coils is wound by an enameled wire and forms a ring structure with a curved Z-shaped cross-section. The electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 6, wherein each of the coils and the coils can be partially overlapped to form a close stack. The electric vehicle having an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the stator base is non-magnetic. In the electric vehicle having an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 1, the rotor unit includes a non-magnetic rotor base having a center hole for connecting the rotating shaft. The electric vehicle having an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic poles of the adjacent permanent magnets are alternately arranged in opposite polarities. The electric vehicle with an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 2, wherein each of the permanent magnets is a columnar body with an equiangular cross-section, and can be arranged so that their respective vertical bisectors are equal to those of the rotor base. One of a group of radial axes of the radial angular distribution coincides. The electric vehicle having an electromagnetic induction power generation device according to claim 2, wherein the permanent magnet having the first type of magnetic polarity is arranged such that the bottom surface faces the center of the rotor base, and the above-mentioned permanent magnet having the second type of magnetic polarity The permanent magnet is arranged so that its bottom surface faces the outer edge of the rotor base.

Images