TWI734327B - 用於驅動電光顯示器之方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種用於驅動電光顯示器之方法,該顯示器具有耦接至一儲存電容器之至少一個顯示像素,該方法包括施加一波形序列至該至少一個顯示像素,並連接該儲存電容器至一第一偏壓;以及在該施加波形的結束之後,在該顯示像素上保持一最後訊框電壓位準。
Description
本申請案係有關於2018年12月30日所提出申請之美國臨時申請案第62/786,437號。
在此以參照方式將前述申請案的整個揭露內容併入本文中。
本發明係有關於電光顯示裝置,更具體地,有關於用於驅動電光顯示器之方法。
粒子系電泳顯示器數年來一直是密集研究及開發的主題。在這樣的顯示器中,複數個帶電粒子(有時稱為顏料粒子)在電場的影響下在流體中移動。電場通常由導電膜或電晶體(例如,場效應電晶體)提供。當與液晶顯示器相比,電泳顯示器具有良好的亮度及對比、寬視角、狀態雙穩定性以及低功消耗。然而,這樣的電泳顯示器具有比LCD顯示器慢的切換速度,並且電泳顯示器通常太慢而無法顯示即時視訊。此外,電泳顯示器在低溫下可能是緩慢的,因為流體的黏度限制電泳粒子的運動。儘管存在這些缺點,但是仍可以在日常產品(例如,電子書(電子閱讀器)、手機及手機保護套、智慧卡、標牌、手錶、貨架標籤及快閃驅動器)中找到電泳顯示器。
許多商用電泳介質實際上僅顯示兩種顏色,並且在黑色與白色極端之間具有梯度,稱為「灰階」。這樣的電泳介質在具有第二不同顏色的有色流體中使用具有第一顏色的單一類型的電泳粒子(在這種情況下,當粒子位於顯示器的觀看表面附近時,顯示第一顏色,而當粒子與觀看表面間隔開時,顯示第二顏色),或者在無色流體中使用具有不同的第一及第二顏色之第一及第二類型的電泳粒子。在後者情況下,當第一類型的粒子位於顯示器的觀看表面附近時,顯示第一顏色,而當第二類型的粒子位於觀看表面附近時,顯示第二顏色。通常,兩種顏色是黑色及白色。
雖然看似簡單,但是電泳介質及電泳裝置顯示複雜的行為。例如,已經發現簡單的「開/關」電壓脈波不足以在電子閱讀器中達到高品質的文字(text)。更確切地說,需要復雜的「波形」以在狀態之間驅動粒子,並確保新顯示的文字不會保留先前一頁文字的記憶,亦即「重影」。再者,在被驅動一段時間後,電荷會在電泳介質中累積,有時稱為殘餘電壓。殘餘電壓會隨著時間損壞顯示器,因而導致電泳介質的光學性能下降。因此,需要降低電泳顯示器中之殘餘電壓。
本發明提供一種用於驅動電光顯示器之方法,該顯示器具有耦接至一儲存電容器的至少一個顯示像素,該方法包括施加一波形序列至該少一個顯示像素及連接該儲存電容器至一第一偏壓;以及在該施加波形的完成後,在該顯示像素上保持一最後訊框電壓位準。
如上所述,本文所呈現之申請標的提供用於減少在電泳顯示介質中積累之電荷並改善電光顯示性能的方法及手段。
應用於材料或顯示器的術語「電光」在本文中以其成像技藝的傳統含義用於提及具有在至少一光學性質上不同的第一與第二顯示狀態之材料,所述材料可藉由對材料施加電場從第一顯示狀態變為第二顯示狀態。雖然光學性質通常是人眼可感知的顏色,但是它可以是另一種光學性質,例如,光透射、反射、發光或者在意欲用於機器讀取的顯示器之情況下,在可見光範圍之外的電磁波長之反射率變化的意義上之偽色。
術語「灰色狀態」在本文中以其成像技藝中之傳統含義用於提及在像素之兩個極端光學狀態間的狀態,以及沒有必定意味著這兩個極端狀態間之黑白轉移(black-white transition)。例如,下面提及的數個E Ink專利及公開申請案描述電泳顯示器,其中極端狀態為白色及深藍色,使得中間「灰色狀態」實際上是淺藍色。更確切地,如所述,光學狀態之變化可能根本不是顏色變化。術語「黑色」及「白色」在下面可以用以意指顯示器之兩個極端光學狀態,以及應該理解為通常包括不是絕對地黑色及白色之極端光學狀態,例如,前述白色及深藍色狀態。術語「單色(monochrome)」在下面可以用以表示只將像素驅動至不具有中間灰色狀態之它們的兩個極端光學狀態之驅動方法。
術語「雙穩態(bistable)」及「雙穩性(bistability)」在本文中以該項技藝中之傳統含義用以提及顯示器包括具有在至少一光學性質方面係不同的第一及第二顯示狀態之顯示元件,以及使得在以有限持續時間之定址脈波驅動任何一給定元件後,呈現其第一或第二顯示狀態,在定址脈波終止後,那個狀態將持續至少數次,例如,至少4次;定址脈波需要最短持續時間來改變顯示元件之狀態。公開的美國專利申請案第2002/0180687號(亦參見相對應的國際申請案公開第WO 02/079869號)顯示一些具有灰階能力之粒子系電泳顯示器不僅在其極端黑色及白色狀態中,而且在其中間灰色狀態中係穩定的,並且一些其它類型的電光顯示器亦同樣是如此。這種類型的顯示器可適當地稱為多穩態(multi-stable)而不是雙穩態,但是為了方便起見,術語「雙穩態」在此可以用以涵蓋雙穩態及多穩態顯示器。
術語「脈衝(impulse)」在本文中以電壓相對於時間的積分之傳統含義來使用。然而,一些雙穩態電光介質充當電荷轉換器(charge transducer),且對於這樣的介質,可以使用脈衝之另一種定義,亦即,電流相對於時間之積分(它等於所施加之總電荷量)。應該根據介質充當電壓-時間脈衝轉換器或電荷脈衝轉換器,使用脈衝之適當定義。
讓渡給Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)及E Ink Corporation或在它們的名義下之許多專利及申請案已在最近公開,它們描述膠囊型電泳介質。這樣的膠囊型介質包括許多小膠囊,每個膠囊本身包括一包含在一流體懸浮介質中懸浮之電泳移動粒子的內相(internal phase)及一包圍該內相之膠囊壁。通常,該等膠囊本身係保持在一高分子黏合劑中,以形成一位於兩個電極間之黏著層(coherent layer)。在這些專利及申請案中所述之技術包括:
(a)電泳粒子、流體及流體添加劑;參見例如,美國專利第7,002,728及7,679,814號;
(b)膠囊、黏合劑及膠囊化製程;參見例如,美國專利第6,922,276及7,411,719號;
(c)微單元結構、壁材及形成微單元之方法;參見例如,美國專利第7,072,095 及9,279,906號;
(d)用於填充及密封微單元之方法;參見例如,美國專利第7,144,942及7,715,088號;
(e)包含電光材料之薄膜及次總成(sub-assemblies);參見例如,美國專利第6,982,178及7,839,564號;
(f)在顯示器中所使用之背板、黏著層及其它輔助層以及方法;參見例如,美國專利第D485,294;6,124,851;6,130,773;6,177,921;6,232,950;6,252,564;6,312,304;6,312,971;6,376,828;6,392,786;6,413,790;6,422,687;6,445,374;6,480,182;6,498,114;6,506,438;6,518,949;6,521,489;6,535,197;6,545,291;6,639,578;6,657,772;6,664,944;6,680,725;6,683,333;6,724,519;6,750,473;6,816,147;6,819,471;6,825,068;6,831,769;6,842,167;6,842,279;6,842,657;6,865,010;6,873,452;6,909,532;6,967,640;6,980,196;7,012,735;7,030,412;7,075,703;7,106,296;7,110,163;7,116,318;7,148,128;7,167,155;7,173,752;7,176,880;7,190,008;7,206,119;7,223,672;7,230,751;7,256,766;7,259,744;7,280,094;7,301,693;7,304,780;7,327,511;7,347,957;7,349,148;7,352,353;7,365,394;7,365,733;7,382,363;7,388,572;7,401,758;7,442,587;7,492,497;7,535,624;7,551,346;7,554,712;7,583,427;7,598,173;7,605,799;7,636,191;7,649,674;7,667,886;7,672,040;7,688,497;7,733,335;7,785,988;7,830,592;7,843,626;7,859,637;7,880,958;7,893,435;7,898,717;7,905,977;7,957,053;7,986,450;8,009,344;8,027,081;8,049,947;8,072,675;8,077,141;8,089,453;8,120,836;8,159,636;8,208,193;8,237,892;8,238,021;8,362,488;8,373,211;8,389,381;8,395,836;8,437,069;8,441,414;8,456,589;8,498,042;8,514,168;8,547,628;8,576,162;8,610,988;8,714,780;8,728,266;8,743,077;8,754,859;8,797,258;8,797,633;8,797,636;8,830,560;8,891,155;8,969,886;9,147,364;9,025,234;9,025,238;9,030,374;9,140,952;9,152,003;9,152,004;9,201,279;9,223,164;9,285,648及9,310,661號;以及美國專利申請案公開第2002/0060321;2004/0008179;2004/0085619;2004/0105036;2004/0112525;2005/0122306;2005/0122563;2006/0215106;2006/0255322;2007/0052757;2007/0097489;2007/0109219;2008/0061300;2008/0149271;2009/0122389;2009/0315044;2010/0177396;2011/0140744;2011/0187683;2011/0187689;2011/0292319;2013/0250397;2013/0278900;2014/0078024;2014/0139501;2014/0192000;2014/0210701;2014/0300837;2014/0368753;2014/0376164;2015/0171112;2015/0205178;2015/0226986;2015/0227018;2015/0228666;2015/0261057;2015/0356927;2015/0378235;2016/077375;2016/0103380及2016/0187759號;以及國際申請案公開第WO 00/38000號;歐洲專利第1,099,207 B1及1,145,072 B1號;
(g)顏色形成及顏色調整;參見例如,美國專利第7,075,502及7,839,564號;
(h)用於驅動顯示器之方法;參見例如,美國專利第7,012,600及7,453,445號;
(i)顯示器之應用;參見例如,美國專利第7,312,784及8,009,348號;
(j)非電泳顯示器,其如美國專利第6,241,921以及美國專利申請案公開第2015/0277160號以及美國專利申請案公開第 2015/0005720及2016/0012710號所述。
在此以參照方式將上述所有專利及專利申請案的全部併入本文。
許多上述專利及申請案認識到在膠囊型電泳介質中包圍離散微膠囊的壁可以由連續相來取代,從而產生所謂的聚合物分散型電泳顯示器,其中電泳介質包括複數個離散小滴的電泳流體及聚合材料的連續相,並且即使沒有離散的膠囊膜與每個個別小滴相關聯,在這樣的聚合物分散型電泳顯示器內之離散小滴的電泳流體可以被視為膠囊或微膠囊;參見例如前述2002/0131147。於是,基於本申請案的目的,這樣的聚合物分散型電泳介質被視為膠囊型電泳介質的亞種。
一種膠囊型電泳顯示器通常沒有遭遇傳統電泳裝置之群集(clustering)及沉降(settling)故障模式且提供另外的優點,例如,將顯示器印刷或塗佈在各式各樣撓性及剛性基板上之能力。(文字「印刷」之使用意欲包括所有形式之印刷及塗佈,其包括但不侷限於:預計量式塗佈(pre-metered coatings),例如方塊擠壓式塗佈(patch die coating)、狹縫型或擠壓型塗佈(slot or extrusion coating)、斜板式或級聯式塗佈(slide or cascade coating)及淋幕式塗佈(curtain coating));滾筒式塗佈(roll coating),例如輥襯刮刀塗佈(knife over roll coating及正反滾筒式塗佈(forward and reverse roll coating));雕型塗佈(gravure coating);濕式塗佈(dip coating);噴灑式塗佈(spray coating);彎月形塗佈(meniscus coating);旋轉塗佈(spin coating);刷塗(brush coating);氣刀塗佈(air-knife coating);絲網印刷製程(silk screen printing processes);靜電印刷製程(electrostatic printing processes);熱印刷製造(thermal printing processes);噴墨印刷製程(inkjet printing processes);以及其它相似技術)。因此,結果的顯示器可以是可撓性的。再者,因為可(使用各種方法)印刷顯示介質,所以可便宜地製造顯示器本身。
一種相關類型之電泳顯示器係所謂的「微單元電泳顯示器」。在微單元電泳顯示器中,沒有將帶電粒子及懸浮流體裝入微膠囊中,而是將其保持在載體介質(carrier medium)(通常,聚合膜)內所形成之複數個空腔(cavities)中。參見例如,國際申請案公開第WO 02/01281號及公開的美國申請案第2002/0075556號,這兩個申請案被讓渡給Sipix Imaging Inc.。
前述類型的電光顯示器係雙穩態的且通常使用在反射模式中,但是如前述某些專利及申請案所述,這樣的顯示器可以在「光柵模式(shutter mode)」中操作,其中電光介質為用於調整光的透射,使得顯示器在透射模式中操作。液晶包括聚合物分散型液晶,當然亦是電光介質,但是通常不是雙穩態的且在透射模式中操作。下面所述之本發明的某些實施例限用於反射型顯示器,而其它實施例可以用於反射型及透射型顯示器,其包括傳統的液晶顯示器。
不論顯示器是反射型還是透射型,以及不論所使用的電光介質是否是雙穩態的,為了獲得高解析度顯示器,顯示器的個別像素必須是可定址的且不受相鄰像素的干擾。實現此目的的一種方法是提供一種非線性元件(例如,電晶體或二極體)陣列,並且至少一個非線性元件與每個像素相關聯,以產生一種「主動矩陣」顯示器。對一個像素進行定址的一個定址或像素電極係經由相關非線性元件連接至一個適當電壓源。通常,當非線性元件係電晶體時,像素電極連接至電晶體的汲極,並且在下面的描述中將採用這種配置,但是實質上是任意的,像素電極可以連接至電晶體的源極。傳統上,在高解析度陣列中,像素以列與行的二維陣列來配置,使得任何一個特定像素由一個指定列及一個指定行的交點來唯一限定。每行中之所有電晶體的源極連接至單行電極,而每列中之所有電晶體的閘極連接至單列電極;再者,將源極分配給列及將閘極分配給行是慣例的,但是實質上係任意的,並且如果需要的話,可以顛倒。列電極連接至一個列驅動器,所述列驅動器實質上確保在任何給定時刻僅選擇一列,亦即,向被選列電極施加電壓,以確保被選列中之所有電晶體處於導通狀態,同時向所有其它列施加電壓,以確保這些未被選列中之所有電晶體保持不導通。行電極連接至行驅動器,行驅動器將選擇的電壓施加在各個行電極上,以驅動被選列中之像素至它們的期望光學狀態。(上述電壓係相對於一個共同前電極,所述共同前電極傳統上設置在電光介質與非線性陣列相對的一側,並且延伸遍及整個顯示器。)在稱為「行位址時間」的預選間隔之後,取消對被選列的選擇,選擇下一列,並且將行驅動器上的電壓更改為寫入顯示器的下一行。重複此過程,從而以逐列的方式寫入整個顯示器。
已充分地建立用於製造主動矩陣顯示器的製程。 例如可以使用各種沉積及光微影技術來製造薄膜電晶體。電晶體包括閘極電極、絕緣介電層、半導體層以及源極及汲極電極。對閘極電極施加電壓,以提供電場穿越介電層,這顯著地增加半導體層的源極-汲極導電率。這種變化允許源極與汲極電極之間的電傳導。通常,圖案化閘極電極、源極電極及汲極電極。一般來說,亦圖案化半導體層,以便最小化相鄰電路元件之間的雜散傳導(亦即,串擾)。
液晶顯示器通常使用非晶矽(「a-Si」)薄膜電晶體(「TFT’s」)作為顯示像素用的切換裝置。這樣的TFT’s通常具有底閘極構造。在一個像素內,薄膜電容器通常保持由切換TFT傳輸的電荷。電泳顯示器可以使用具有電容器之類似的TFT’s,但是電容器的功能與液晶顯示器中之那些電容器的功能略有不同;參見前述審查中申請案序號第09/565,413號以及公開第2002/0106847及 2002/0060321號。可以製造薄膜電晶體,以提供高性能。然而,製造程序可能導致顯著的成本。
在TFT定址陣列中,像素電極在行位址時間期間經由TFT’s來充電。在行位址時間期間,藉由改變施加的閘極電壓,將TFT切換至導通狀態。例如,對於n型TFT,閘極電壓被切換至「高」狀態,以將TFT切換至導通狀態。
再者,諸如電壓移位之不良影響可能由在向顯示像素提供驅動波形的資料線與像素電極之間發生的串擾所引起。與上述的電壓移位相似,即使當顯示像素沒有被定址(例如,相關的像素TFT處於空乏中)時,資料線與像素電極之間的串擾可能由兩者之間的電容耦合所引起。這樣的串擾會導致不期望的電壓移位,因為這可能造成諸如影像條紋(image streaking)的光學偽影(optical artifacts)。
在某些情況下,電泳顯示器或EPD可以包括兩個基板(例如,塑料或玻璃),其中前平面層壓板或FPL位於兩個基板之間。在一些實施例中,上基板的底部可以塗佈有透明導電材料,以作用為導電電極(亦即,Vcom
平面)。下基板的頂部可以包括電極元件的陣列(例如,用於每個顯示像素之導電電極)。半導體開關(例如,薄膜電晶體或TFT)可以與這些像素電極中之每一者相關聯。向像素電極及Vcom
平面施加偏壓可能會導致FPL的電光轉換。這種光學轉換可以用作在EPD上顯示文字(text)或圖形資訊的基礎。為了顯示期望的影像,需要向每個顯示像素電極施加適當的電壓。
圖1說明依據在此所呈現之申請標的之電光顯示器之顯示像素100的示意性模型。像素100可以包括成像膜110。在一些實施例中,成像膜110可以是電泳材料層且本質上是雙穩態的。 此電泳材料可以包括複數個帶電的顏料粒子(例如,黑色、白色、黃色或紅色),其設置在流體中且能夠在電場的影響下在流體中移動。在一些實施例中,成像膜110可以是具有帶有帶電顏料粒子之微單元的電泳膜。在一些其它實施例中,成像膜110可以包括但不限於膠囊型電泳成像膜,其可以包括例如帶電顏料粒子。應當理解,下面所呈現之驅動方法可以輕易地用於兩種類型的電泳材料(例如,膠囊型或具有微單元的膜)。
在一些實施例中,成像膜110可以設置在前電極102與後電極或像素電極104之間。前電極102可以形成在成像膜與顯示器的正面之間。在一些實施例中,前電極102可以是透明的且透光的。在一些實施例中,前電極102可以由任何合適的透明材料形成,其包括但不限於氧化銦錫(ITO)。後電極104可以形成在成像膜110之與前電極102相對的一側上。在一些實施例中,可能在前電極102與後電極104之間形成寄生電容(未顯示)。
像素100可以是複數個像素中之一。複數個像素可以以列與行的二維陣列來排列,以形成一矩陣,使得任何一個特定像素由一指定列與一指定行的交點來唯一界定。在一些實施例中,像素矩陣可以是「主動矩陣」,其中每個像素與至少一個非線性電路元件120相關聯。非線性電路元件120可以耦接在背板電極104與定址電極108之間。在一些實施例中,非線性元件120可以是二極體及/或電晶體,其包括但不限於MOSFET或薄膜電晶體(TFT)。MOSFET或TFT的汲極(或源極)可以耦接至背板或像素電極104,MOSFET或TFT的源極(或汲極)可以耦接至定址電極108,並且MOSFET或TFT的閘極可以耦接至驅動器電極106,驅動器電極106構造成控制MOSFET或TFT的啟動及不啟動。(為簡單起見,耦接至背板電極104之MOSFET或TFT的端子將稱為MOSFET或TFT的汲極,而耦接至定址電極108之MOSFET或TFT的端子將稱為MOSFET或TFT的源極。 然而,所屬技術領域之具通常技藝人士將認識到在一些實施例中,MOSFET或TFT的源極與汲極可以互換。)
在主動矩陣的一些實施例中,每行中之所有像素的定址電極108可以連接至同一個行電極,而每列中之所有像素的驅動器電極106可以連接至同一個列電極。列電極可以連接至一個列驅動器,所述列驅動器可以藉由向被選列電極施加足以啟動被選列中之所有像素100的非線性元件120的電壓來選擇一列或多列像素。行電極可以連接至行驅動器,所述行驅動器可以在一個被選(被啟動)像素的定址電極106上施加適合於將像素驅動至期望的光學狀態之電壓。施加至定址電極108的電壓可以相應於施加至像素的前板電極102之電壓(例如,大約零伏的電壓)。在一些實施例中,主動矩陣中之所有像素的前板電極102可以耦接至一共同電極。
在使用中,可以以逐列方式寫入主動矩陣的像素100。例如,列驅動器可以選擇一列像素,並且行驅動器可以將與這列像素所需的光學狀態相對應之電壓施加至像素。在稱為「行位址時間」的預選間隔之後,可以取消被選列的選擇,可以選擇另一列,並且可以改變行驅動器上的電壓,使得寫入顯示器的另一行。
圖2說明依據在此所呈現之申請標的之設置在前電極102與後電極104之間的電光成像層110的電路模型。電阻器202及電容器204可以代表包括任何黏著層之電光成像層110、前電極102及後電極104的電阻及電容。電阻器212及電容器214可以代表層壓黏著層的電阻及電容。電容器216可以表示可以在前電極102與後電極104之間形成的電容,例如,層間之界面接觸區域,諸如成像層與層壓黏著層之間及/或層壓黏著層與背板電極之間的界面。像素的成像膜110兩端之電壓Vi可以包括像素的殘餘電壓。
圖3說明用於驅動電泳顯示器之示例性主動矩陣。 在一些實施例中,電泳顯示器的每個顯示像素可以由一個薄膜電晶體(TFT)控制。此TFT可以被導通及截斷,以接收驅動電壓來調整相關顯示像素的光學狀態。為了有效地控制相關顯示像素的驅動,如圖3所示之每個TFT 102可以被提供有閘極線信號、資料線信號、Vcom
線信號及儲存電容器。在一個實施例中,如圖1所示,每個TFT 102的閘極可以電連接至掃描線,並且電晶體的源極或汲極可以連接至資料線,並且儲存電容器的兩個端子可以分別連接至Vcom
線及像素電極。在一些實施例中,在上基板的底部上之Vcom
及在下基板的頂部上之Vcom
線柵極可以連接至相同的DC電源。
圖4說明依據在此所揭露之申請標的之顯示像素400之俯視圖。顯示像素400包括構造成用於驅動顯示像素之像素電極404。在使用中,顯示像素400將由感應至像素電極404上之一系列電壓脈波來驅動。此一系列電壓脈波可以經由電晶體408施加至像素電極204。電晶體408可以作用為開關,以使通向像素電極404的信號路徑接通及斷開。例如,電晶體408的閘極416可以連接至信號選擇閘極線402。在使用中,閘極402可以用於藉由向電晶體408的閘極416施加或不施加電壓來選擇性地導通及截斷電晶體408。再者,此一系列電壓脈波可以經由資料線406來提供。如圖4所示,資料線406亦電耦接至電晶體408。在操作中,信號(例如,電脈波)可以經由閘極線402來傳輸,以啟動或導通電晶體408,並且一旦電晶體408導通,可以將經由資料線406施加之電信號經由電晶體408傳輸至像素電極404。並且,在圖4a中呈現Vcom
線410。在一些實施例中,Vcom
線410可以電耦接至顯示器的上電極(未顯示在圖4中),以將上電極保持在恆定電壓位準(例如,Vcom
)。通常,Vcom
線410處於在像素電極404下方之裝置層。並且,儲存電容器的電極414連接至該Vcom
線410,其中電極414可以位於與Vcom
線410相同的裝置層上。在一些實施例中,儲存電容器可以是圖6所示之儲存電容器Cst 602或圖9所示之儲存電容器Cst 902。
圖5說明驅動EPD的一種方式。在這種配置中,如圖6所示,儲存電容器或Cst及EPD電泳材料層(由其電阻Repd來表示)一起連結至恆定電壓Vcom
。在操作中,驅動EPD的顯示像素之波形可以以0V驅動部分結束,以對在儲存電容器(亦即,Cst)中之所有殘餘電壓進行放電。
然而,在某些情況下,EPD模組可能會受到反沖電壓(kickback voltage)的影響,這可能導致EPD的光學特性發生不需要的變化或位移。圖7說明一種曲線圖,此曲線圖顯示由於反沖效應所造成之EPD的白色狀態之位移,其中如果在完全極化後將兩個電極接地(或處於一個共同電位),則反沖效應可能是顯示器的內部相位因與初始施加電場相等且相反的電場所經歷之效應,這可能會導致介質上之任何影像的消除。
現在參考圖7,驅動波形或波形序列的末端係在時間標度27.7附近,其中白色狀態的L*立即衰減約8L*。圖7所示的正是在圖5之波形變為0V驅動的時間。
或者,如圖8及9所示,可以分別施加偏壓於儲存電容器(亦即,Cst 902)及EPD顯示介質層(亦即,Repd 904)。例如,可以藉由類似於圖4所示之Vcom
線410的Vcom
線(例如,TFT Vcom
906)施加偏壓於儲存電容器Cst 902。然而,顯示介質Repd 904可以由上述Vcom
平面(例如,FPL Vcom
908)來個別施加偏壓及控制。再者,在波形驅動序列結束時,可以不對相關TFT的源極及閘極供電,以取代零伏驅動期間。換句話說,顯示像素可以保持在波形的最後一個訊框之電壓,或者保持在實質上浮動的狀態(亦即,像素實質上被隔離或者宛如它沒有連接至任何導電路徑的狀態)。並且,儲存電容器可能會逐漸地放電。在一些實施例中,FPL Vcom
908可以配置成在下一個訊框處於浮動狀態。在一些實施例中,為了確保像素與Vcom
控制之間存在小的時序差異,可以將FPL Vcom
908電壓設定成在波形結束於像素上之前使一個訊框處於浮動。在一些實施例中,TFT Vcom
906電壓受不同的控制,並且可以設定為零伏或DC電壓,以確保儲存電容器被適當地充電。在一些其它實施例中,TFT Vcom
906可以構造成為浮動,並且FPL Vcom
908可以構造成為浮動或處於零伏偏壓。
或者,如同圖5所示之實施例,可以使TFT Vcom
906與FPL Vcom
908電壓電耦接且程式化為浮動。
在一些實施例中,可以藉由先施加波形序列至顯示器的顯示像素;將與顯示像素相關聯之儲存電容器連接至諸如TFT Vcom
電壓的第一偏壓;以及在驅動序列結束時,在顯示像素上保持最後訊框電壓位準,驅動如本文所述之電光顯示器。再者,在驅動序列結束時,可以使儲存電容器保持浮動狀態,並且可以使顯示器的顯示介質可持浮動狀態或處於零伏偏壓。
圖8所示之驅動方法可以應用於查找表(LUT)中之一些或所有波形。例如,如果一個LUT具有黑色、白色、紅色及黃色狀態,因而有四個波形,則設計人員可以選擇哪個(些)波形可以執行圖8所述之序列。並且,它們可能會在LUT的最後一個訊框時結束,其中不執行此序列的其它波形將需要提前至少一個訊框結束以驅動至零伏。此驅動序列可以消除或至少減少反沖效應。在圖10中說明新序列的光跡線。
100:像素
102:前電極
104:後電極
106:驅動器電極
108:定址電極
110:成像膜
120:非線性電路元件
202:電阻器
204:電容器
212:電阻器
214:電容器
216:電容器
400:顯示像素
402:信號選擇閘極線
404:像素電極
406:資料線
408:電晶體
410:Vcom線
414:電極
416:閘極
602:儲存電容器(Cst)
902:儲存電容器(Cst)
904:顯示介質Repd
906:TFT Vcom
908:FPL Vcom
Vi:電壓
圖1說明依據本文所揭露之申請標的之電泳顯示器;
圖2說明依據本文所揭露之申請標的之圖1所示之電泳顯示器的等效電路;
圖3說明依據本文所揭露之申請標的之主動矩陣電路;
圖4說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之顯示像素之示意圖;
圖5說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之一種驅動電泳顯示器之方法;
圖6說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之一種驅動電泳顯示器之實例設置;
圖7係說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之顯示器之白色狀態的變化之曲線圖;
圖8說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之另一種驅動電泳顯示器之方法;
圖9說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之用於驅動電泳顯示器之另一種設置;以及
圖10係說明依據本文所呈現之申請標的之顯示器之白色狀態的變化之另一個曲線圖。
Claims (7)
- 一種用於驅動電光顯示器之方法,該顯示器具有耦接至一儲存電容器之至少一個顯示像素,該方法包括:施加一波形序列至該至少一個顯示像素,並連接該儲存電容器至一第一偏壓;以及在該施加波形的結束之後,在該顯示像素上保持一最後訊框電壓位準,並且使該儲存電容器逐漸地放電。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中保持一最後訊框電壓的步驟進一步包括在該儲存電容器上保持一浮動狀態。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該電光顯示器進一步包括一顯示介質。
- 如請求項3之方法,其中施加一波形的步驟進一步包括連接該顯示介質至一第二偏壓。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該第二偏壓係一固定電壓源。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中保持一最後訊框電壓位準的步驟進一步包括在該顯示介質上保持一浮動狀態。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中保持一最後訊框電壓位準的步驟進一步包括在該顯示介質上保持一零伏偏壓。
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