TWI732156B - 用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的雙二氮雜雙環化合物 - Google Patents
用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的雙二氮雜雙環化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI732156B TWI732156B TW107141152A TW107141152A TWI732156B TW I732156 B TWI732156 B TW I732156B TW 107141152 A TW107141152 A TW 107141152A TW 107141152 A TW107141152 A TW 107141152A TW I732156 B TWI732156 B TW I732156B
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Abstract
本發明涉及用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的雙二氮雜雙環化合物,使用它治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的方法,以及它在製備用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒或肝炎病毒相關疾病或病症的藥物中的用途。
Description
本發明涉及用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的雙二氮雜雙環化合物,使用它治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒有關的疾病或病症的方法,以及它在製備用於治療和/或預防與抗肝炎病毒相關疾病或病症或消除和/或緩解與肝炎病毒相關疾病或病症的藥物中的用途。
肝炎或肝部疾病通常是由肝炎病毒引發的疾病,肝炎病毒通常可分為:A、B、C、D、E及F等類型,其中B型肝炎病毒引發的是目前全世界分佈的慢性疾病,如控制不當,其疾病發展後期會有相當大比例的B型肝炎會轉化為肝癌。目前全世界估計有280,000,000名B型肝炎病毒(HBV攜帶者)。
根據2015年中國慢B肝(CHB)防治指南,慢B肝治療的目標是最大限度地長期抑制HBV複製,減輕肝細胞炎性壞死及肝纖維化,達到延緩和減少肝功能衰竭、肝硬化失代償、HCC及其它併發症的發生,從而改善生活品質和延長生存時間。在治療過程中,對於部分適合的患者應盡可能追求慢性B肝的臨床治癒,即停止治療後持續的病毒學應答、HBsAg陰轉或伴有抗-HBs陽轉、ALT正常、肝組織病變輕微或無病變。而完全治癒是指機體除抗體外,消除HBV DNA,消除各種抗原,消除cccDNA。
目前,國際上多個慢B肝防治指南皆將表面抗原(HBsAg)轉陰(又稱功能性治癒)作為CHB抗病毒治療的理想目標,但現有的抗病毒治療藥物如干擾素(Interferon alpha, IFN-α)和核苷(酸)類似物[Nucleos(t)ide analogues, NUCs]等藥物雖然可以抑制病毒複製,但是在有限或長期療程內均難以發生HBsAg 清除或血清學轉換。目前,美國FDA批准用於治療慢B肝感染的抗病毒藥物有7種,包括普通和長效干擾素以及5種口服核苷(酸)類似物---拉米夫定、阿德福韋酯、恩替卡韋、替比夫定和富馬酸替諾福韋酯(Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, TDF),其中恩替卡韋(Entecavir, ETV)、富馬酸替諾福韋酯作為一線藥物推薦為治療首選(Liaw, Leung et al. 2008;Lok and McMahon 2009;Liu, Yang et al. 2014;Gish, Given et al. 2015)。但臨床上使用現有NUCs類藥物治療5年,HBsAg轉陰率不足5%;接受長效干擾素(PEG-IFN)治療後取得應答者,長期隨訪過程中HBsAg轉陰率亦不到10%(Sundaram and Kowdley 2015)。對於CHB患者,NUCs藥物只能抑制核衣殼內病毒正反鏈的合成,在抗病毒治療過程中,消失的主要是複製型DNA,對肝細胞核內的cccDNA及其轉錄表達的病毒抗原並無直接作用(Wong, Seto et al. 2013)。另一類藥物IFNα兼具免疫調節和直接抗病毒效應,可以誘導HBV感染的肝細胞內表達APOBEC3A,通過堿基編輯作用,促進cccDNA降解,發揮直接抗病毒作用(Lucifora, Xia et al. 2014)。但HBV已經證實能拮抗IFNα信號通路,導致IFNα類藥物治療療效不佳(Bertoletti and Ferrari 2012)。因此,考慮到目前抗病毒藥物的侷限性,其他的治療策略如刺激和/或恢復抗病毒免疫是目前清除慢性HBV感染研究的熱點(Lucifora and Trepo 2015)。
宿主特異性免疫應答對HBV的清除至關重要。HBV特異性T淋巴細胞應答是機體清除肝細胞內HBV感染最重要的效應細胞。HBV通過鈉離子/牛磺膽酸共轉運多肽受體感染進入肝細胞後,病毒基因組可被宿主DNA聚合酶修復成穩定的共價閉合環狀DNA(covalently closed circular DNA, cccDNA)寄生於肝細胞核內。作為肝內病毒複製和基因表達的原始範本,cccDNA微染色體的難以清除是臨床抗病毒治療難以治癒的重要原因(Nassal 2015)。HBV效應T細胞可以通過顆粒酶、穿孔素的殺傷作用或通過FasL誘導肝細胞凋亡的細胞毒途徑,直接殺傷感染的肝細胞,誘導靶細胞凋亡,清除cccDNA及其它病毒產物(Hoh, Heeg et al. 2015)。另外,效應T細胞分泌的IFNγ和TNFα等細胞因數,亦可以作用於感染肝細胞,通過非溶細胞途徑,誘導胞內抗病毒基因表達而抑制病毒複製和cccDNA合成(Guidotti, Rochford et al. 1999)。最新的研究提示,效應T細胞可以通過血小板錨定至肝血竇,通過內皮細胞間隙直接與遞呈病毒抗原的感染肝細胞接觸,進而分泌IFNγ、TNFα等細胞因數直接誘導感染肝細胞凋亡來清除HBV(Guidotti, Inverso et al. 2015)。此外,B細胞對控制HBV感染也具有十分重要的作用。急性HBV感染時,B細胞產生的B肝表面抗原抗體(HBsAb)可以中和、阻斷HBV感染肝細胞。
IAP蛋白是一類關鍵細胞凋亡調節劑,並且特徵在於一個或多個BIR(杆狀病毒IAP重複)結構域的存在。在IAP間,細胞IAP1 (cIAP1)和cIAP2在死亡受體介導的細胞凋亡的調節中發揮關鍵作用,而X連鎖的IAP(XIAP)通過結合和抑制胱天蛋白酶-3/7和胱天蛋白酶-9(對於執行細胞凋亡關鍵的三種半胱氨酸蛋白酶)抑制死亡受體介導的和線粒體介導的細胞凋亡。這些IAP蛋白在癌細胞系和人腫瘤組織中都高度過表達,並且在正常細胞和組織中具有低表達。廣泛的研究已經表明,IAP蛋白的過表達使癌細胞抵抗多種抗癌藥物的細胞凋亡誘導。IAP蛋白和它們的作用的詳細討論是癌症,並且細胞凋亡記載於美國專利號7,960,372。
一類細胞凋亡的中心負調節劑是細胞凋亡蛋白(IAP)的抑制劑。這一類別包括蛋白例如XIAP、cIAP1、cIAP2、ML-IAP、HIAP、KIAP、TSIAP、NAIP、生存素、livin、ILP-2、apollon和BRUCE。
IAP蛋白的小分子抑制劑也是已知的。例如,美國專利公開申請號2005/0197403和美國專利號7,960,372揭露了二聚的Smac模擬物化合物。其中,雙二氮雜雙環化合物是一類抑制IAP的化合物。
研究已經顯示,基於肽的抑制劑是闡明IAP的抗細胞凋亡功能和IAP在癌細胞對化療劑的回應方面的作用的有用工具。現有技術中並未揭露或暗示雙二氮雜雙環化合物在抑制或消除肝炎病毒,特別是HBV病毒方面是有效的。
在研究中,本申請的發明人出人意料地發現,雙二氮雜雙環化合物在抑制和/或消除肝炎病毒,特別是HBV病毒是極其有效的。
因此,在本發明的第一方面,涉及用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的雙二氮雜雙環化合物,其中該化合物是雙二氮雜雙環化合物。進一步地,該雙二氮雜雙環化合物是具有下述結構的化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽:(I)
其中X選自:和-SO2
-;
Y選自-NH-、-O-、-S-和不存在;
R選自(其中環A是C4-8脂族環)、-C3-6
亞環烷基和(其中B環是苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基,且B環是任選取代的);
R1
選自 ,其中Z是O、S NH或,其中n是0、1或2,且其中B環是苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基,且B環是任選取代的。
較佳地,在該化合物中X是SO2
,且Y不存在。
進一步地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與感染肝炎病毒晚期相關的疾病或病症。較佳地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒或C型肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。更佳地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症包括但不限於:A型肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎和肝硬化。進一步地,該化合物通過調節免疫應答來治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。
在本發明的第二方面,涉及如上定義的化合物在製備用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的藥物中的用途。
在本發明的第三方面,涉及如上定義的化合物用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的方法,其包括對患有與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的患者施用治療和/或預防有效量的該化合物,且該化合物是雙二氮雜雙環化合物。
在本發明的第四方面,涉及含有如上定義的化合物的藥物組合物,該藥物組合物用於治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。
如本文使用的術語“C4-8
脂族環”是指未取代或被1至3個基團(例如,C1-4
烷基、鹵素、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羥基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、烷基氨基或氨基)取代的環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基或環辛基。
如本文使用的術語“烷基”是指直鏈和支鏈飽和的C1-10
烴基,其非限制性實例包括甲基、乙基和直鏈和支鏈的丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基和癸基。
術語“C3-6
亞環烷基”是指具有3至6個碳原子的二取代的環烷烴,例如,。“C3-6
亞環烷基”可以是未取代的,或被1至3個基團取代的,該基團例如,C1-4
烷基、鹵素、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羥基、烷氧基、硝基、氰基、烷基氨基或氨基。
如本文使用的術語“鹵素”被定義為氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文使用的術語“羥基”被定義為-OH。
如本文使用的術語“烷氧基”被定義為-OR,其中R是烷基。
如本文使用的術語“氨基”被定義為-NH2
,並且術語“烷基氨基”被定義為-NR2
,其中至少一個R是烷基並且第二個R是烷基或氫。
如本文使用的術語“硝基”被定義為-NO2
。
如本文使用的術語“氰基”被定義為-CN。
如本文使用的術語“三氟甲基”被定義為-CF3
。
如本文使用的術語“三氟甲氧基”被定義為-OCF3
。
如本文使用的術語“任選取代的”是指被一個或多個並且特別是一個至四個獨立選自以下的基團取代:例如,鹵素、烷基、烯基、-OCF3
、-NO2
、-CN、-NC、-OH、烷氧基、氨基、烷基氨基、-CO2
H、-CO2
烷基、炔基、環烷基、硝基、巰基、亞氨基、醯胺基、膦酸酯、亞膦酸酯、甲矽烷基、烷硫基、磺醯基、磺醯胺、醛、雜環烷基、三氟甲基、芳基和雜芳基。
如本文使用的術語“芳基”是指單環或多環的芳香基團,較佳是單環或二環的芳香基團,例如苯基或萘基。
如本文使用的術語“雜芳基”是指含有一個或兩個芳香環並且在一個芳香環中含有至少一個且至多四個氮原子的單環或二環的環系統。
術語“疾病”或“病症”表示紊亂和/或異常,該紊亂和/或異常通常被認為是病理狀態或功能,並且可以將它們自己表現為特定體徵、病症、和/或功能障礙的形式。
術語“治療”疾病或病症表示消除、抑制、減輕或緩解疾病或病症,且術語“預防”表示避免和防止疾病或病症或使該疾病或病症不發生或出現。
在本發明的第一方面,涉及雙二氮雜雙環化合物,該化合物用於治療和/或預防,或者消除和/或緩解與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症,其中該化合物是雙二氮雜雙環化合物。
進一步地,該雙二氮雜雙環化合物是具有下述結構的化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽:(I)
其中X選自:和-SO2
-;
Y選自-NH-、-O-、-S-和不存在;
R選自(其中環A是C4-8脂族環)、-C3-6
亞環烷基和(其中B環是苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基,且B環是任選取代的);
R1
選自 ,其中Z是O、S、NH或,其中n是0、1或2,且其中B環是苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基,且B環是任選取代的。
較佳地,在該化合物中X是SO2
,且Y不存在。
進一步地,該雙二氮雜雙環化合物是具有下述結構的化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽:(I)
其中X選自:和-SO2
-;
Y選自-NH-、-O-、-S-和當X為-SO2
-時,不存在;
R選自或-C3-6
亞環烷基;且
R1
選自 ,且其中Z是O、 S或NH;
其中環A是C4-8
脂族環;且B是苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基或嘧啶基,且任選被1-4個獨立選自鹵素、-OCF3
、-NO2
、-CN、-NC、-OH、氨基、C1-10
烷基、C1-10
烷基氧基和C1-10
烷基氨基的基團取代。
較佳地,在該化合物中,R1
是 、或,其中苯基任選被1-4個獨立選自鹵素、-OCF3
、-NO2
、-CN、-NC、-OH、氨基、C1-10
烷基、C1-10
烷基氧基和C1-10
烷基氨基的基團取代。
較佳地,該化合物是化合物1,即,1,3‐苯二[7‐(3S,5S,9aR)‐5‐((S)‐2‐甲胺基‐丙醯胺基)‐3‐二苯甲胺醯‐4‐氧代‐ 3a,7‐二氮雜‐十氫環戊烷並環辛烯)]‐磺醯胺,具有下述結構:
根據本發明,該化合物按照PCT/US2013/055384(WO2014/031287)中揭露的製備方法獲得,其全部內容通過引用併入本文作為參考。
根據本發明,本發明化合物可以以單體或組合物的形式使用。進一步地,本發明化合物可通過腸道,非腸道或局部途徑給予需治療的該患者,腸道途徑通常包括口服,本發明化合物腸道使用形式包括:口服液、片劑、膠囊、顆粒劑和懸浮劑。非腸道途徑通常包括皮下、肌肉、腹膜內和靜脈滴注等,本發明化合物非腸道使用形式包括注射劑和凍乾製劑等,本發明化合物局部使用的形式包括貼劑、糊劑和軟膏劑等。
進一步地,所述與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與感染肝炎病毒晚期相關的疾病或病症;所述與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒或C型肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症;較佳地,所述與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症包括但不限於:A型肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎和/或肝硬化。
進一步地,該化合物通過調節免疫應答來治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。較佳地,該免疫應答涉及對肝炎病毒(包括但不限於,A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒和C型肝炎病毒,特別是B型肝炎病毒)的特異性T細胞應答。更佳地,該免疫應答涉及CD4+ T細胞和CD8+T細胞中IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的分泌。
在本發明的第二方面,涉及雙二氮雜雙環化合物在製備用於治療和/或預防,或者消除和/或緩解與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的藥物中的用途。
進一步地,該化合物是如上述定義的化合物。更進一步地,該藥物還包括已知治療肝炎病毒,特別是HBV的藥物,該藥物包括但不限於:IFNα-2a、Birinapant、抗-PD1抗體、聚乙二醇干擾素α2b、聚乙二醇干擾素α2a、拉米夫定、阿德福韋、恩替卡韋和/或替諾福韋(特別是,富馬酸替諾福韋酯)。
進一步地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與感染肝炎病毒晚期相關的疾病或病症;該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒或C型肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症;較佳地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症包括但不限於:A型肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎和/或肝硬化。
進一步地,該藥物通過調節免疫應答來治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。較佳地,該免疫應答涉及對肝炎病毒(包括但不限於,A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒和C型肝炎病毒,特別是B型肝炎病毒)的特異性T細胞應答。更佳地,該免疫應答涉及CD4+ T細胞和CD8+T細胞中IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的分泌。
在本發明的第三方面,涉及雙二氮雜雙環化合物用於治療和/或預防,或者消除和/或緩解與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的方法,該方法包括對患有與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症的患者施用治療和/或預防有效量的該化合物。
進一步地,該化合物是如上述定義的化合物。更進一步地,該化合物可以進一步與已知治療肝炎病毒,特別是HBV的藥物組合使用,該已知治療肝炎病毒,特別是HBV的藥物包括但不限於:聚乙二醇干擾素α2b、聚乙二醇干擾素α2a、拉米夫定、阿德福韋(特別是,阿德福韋酯)、恩替卡韋和/或替諾福韋(特別是,富馬酸替諾福韋酯)。
進一步地,該化合物與已知治療肝炎病毒,特別是HBV的藥物組合使用中,該化合物與該已知治療肝炎病毒,特別是HBV的藥物可以一起同時,分開並按先後順序施用。
進一步地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與感染肝炎病毒晚期相關的疾病或病症;該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒或C型肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症;較佳地,所述與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症包括但不限於:A型肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎和/或肝硬化。
進一步地,該化合物通過調節免疫應答來治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。較佳地,該免疫應答涉及對肝炎病毒(包括但不限於,A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒和C型肝炎病毒,特別是B型肝炎病毒)的特異性T細胞應答。更佳地,該免疫應答涉及CD4+ T細胞和CD8+T細胞中IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的分泌。
在本發明的第四方面,涉及含有雙二氮雜雙環化合物的藥物組合物,該藥物組合物用於治療和/或預防,或者消除和/或緩解與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。
進一步地,該雙二氮雜雙環化合物是如上定義的化合物。更進一步地,該藥物組合物還包括已知治療肝炎病毒,特別是HBV的藥物,該藥物包括但不限於:干擾素α2b、干擾素α2a、拉米夫定、阿德福韋(特別是,阿德福韋酯)、恩替卡韋和/或替諾福韋(特別是,富馬酸替諾福韋酯)。
進一步地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與感染肝炎病毒晚期相關的疾病或病症;所述與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症是與A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒或C型肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症;較佳地,該與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症包括但不限於:A型肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎和/或肝硬化。
進一步地,該化合物通過調節免疫應答來治療和/或預防與肝炎病毒相關的疾病或病症。較佳地,該免疫應答涉及對肝炎病毒(包括但不限於,A型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒和C型肝炎病毒,特別是B型肝炎病毒)的特異性T細胞應答。更佳地,該免疫應答涉及CD4+ T細胞和CD8+T細胞中IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的分泌。
具體實施方式
下面的實施例用於進一步描述本發明, 但其不意味著對本發明的任何限制。
實施例1. 化合物1單藥注射對pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠模型體內HBV的影響
1.1 實驗方法
使用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠建立慢性HBV感染小鼠模型,類比可自發獲得免疫控制的慢性B型肝炎患者。選取雄性C57/B6小鼠(週齡6-8 W,體重20±2g)構建高壓尾靜脈注射小鼠模型,用75%酒精擦拭小鼠尾部,再用遠紅外理療儀照射2~3min,使小鼠尾靜脈充盈清晰可見。沿著尾靜脈平行進針,可感覺到落空感或見回血,表明已進入靜脈,然後輕推注射在10s內完成。每隻小鼠注射10μg pAAV/HBV1.2質粒,注射液體(PBS)的量為體重的10% (2mL/20g)。注射後第14天採血檢測HBsAg,篩選HBsAg>500 IU/ml的造模成功小鼠進行下一步實驗(Huang, Wu et al. 2006;Chou, Chien et al. 2015)。C57BL/6J小鼠建模成功後,分為4組,0.9%NaCl生理鹽水靜脈注射組(第1圖A和第1圖B中第1組,黑色線條)、化合物1 10mg/kg靜脈注射組(第1圖A和第1圖B中第2組,紅色線條)、化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組(第1圖A和第1圖B中第3組,藍色線條)。每組6-8隻小鼠,每週給藥1次,連續4次,觀察7週。
小鼠血清用PBS 20倍稀釋後,美國雅培i2000SR微粒子化學發光自動檢測儀檢測血清中HBsAg和HBeAg滴度。血清HBV DNA通過QIAamp DNA Mini Kit(Qiagen)提取,使用DNA Amplification SYBR Green Kit (Roche)通過Realtime-PCR(LightCycler 480,Roche)定量血清中HBV DNA水準,利用一系列濃度梯度的HBV質粒PSM2作為標準品。本實驗中用到的HBV 引物由英濰捷基(上海)貿易有限公司合成,引物序列如下:HBV Hope-F(5’至3’TACTAGGAGGCTGTAGGCATA)和HBV Hope-R(5’至3’GGAGACTCTAAGGCTTCCC)。小鼠肝組織常規福馬林固定-石蠟包埋、4μm 切片,65℃烤片2h,常規乙醇梯度脫水,過氧化氫室溫浸潤30min,PBS清洗5min/次,洗3次,室溫封閉1h,加入兔抗人HBcAg(B0586,DAKO)室溫於濕盒中孵育1h,用GTvisionⅢ免疫組化檢測試劑盒抗兔抗鼠通用型(GK50075,上海基因科技公司)孵育二抗和顯色,在普通光學正置顯微鏡拍片,放大倍數200x。稱量60mg肝組織勻漿,加入900µl裂解液(50mmol/L Tris-HCl PH 7.5 + 1mmol/L EDTA)冰上放置,所有樣品處理後再加入5ul NP-10冰上裂解,用苯酚/氯仿萃取肝組織中HBV DNA,加15ul RNase free water溶解,1%瓊脂糖凝膠跑電泳,轉膜,後加地高辛標記的全長HBV探針,46℃過夜,DIG Washing Buffer 5min 1次,加入Anti-Digoxigenin-Ap Fab fragment(11093274910,Roche),用Image Quant LAS 4000mini曝光檢測。
採用Graphpad Prism5.0作圖及相關統計學分析,同一時間點各組間多重比較使用Kruskal-Wallis H核對總和Dunn's Multiple Comparison檢驗,血清中HBsAg和HBV DNA清除率比較使用log-rank Mantel-Cox檢驗,*代表P < 0.05,**代表p<0.01,***代表p<0.001。其中,P < 0.05被認為具有統計學顯著性差異。
1.2實驗結果
如附第1圖所示,與生理鹽水注射對照組相比,化合物1注射組在給藥後血清HBsAg(第1圖A)和血清HBV DNA(第1圖B)均快速下降,至第7週,血清中HBsAg與HBV DNA均位於檢測線以下。其中化合物1 20 mg/kg注射組第5週即可完全清除血清HBsAg和HBV DNA,要快於化合物1 10mg/kg劑量組。肝組織HBcAg免疫組化染色顯示,給藥7週後化合物1注射組小鼠肝內均未觀察到HBcAg表達,然而生理鹽水對照組部分小鼠仍然可以檢測到肝內HBcAg的表達(第1圖C)。給藥7週後肝組織中HBV DNA Southern blot顯示,與生理鹽水組對比, 化合物1注射組的肝組織中未檢測到HBV 複製中間體(第1圖D)。
以上結果證實,連續4次化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射可以在第5週完全清除慢性HBV感染小鼠模型外週血中HBsAg和HBV DNA,肝內HBcAg表達和HBV複製中間體亦完全清除。該結果表明,化合物1可以完全清除慢性HBV感染者體內的病毒抗原與核酸產物。(*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01)。
實施例2. 化合物1聯合富馬酸替諾福韋酯(TDF)給藥對pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠模型體內HBV影響
2.1 實驗方法
使用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠建立模型。C57BL/6J小鼠(週齡6-8 W,體重20±2g)建模成功後分為4組,0.9%NaCl靜脈注射組(第2圖A和第2圖B中第1組,黑色線條)、化合物1 10mg/kg靜脈注射組(第2圖A和第2圖B中第2組,紅色線條)、TDF 53mg/kg灌胃組(第2圖A和第2圖B中第3組,藍色線條)、化合物1 10mg/kg聯合TDF 53mg/kg給藥組(第2圖A和第2圖B中第4組,紫色線條)。每組6-8隻小鼠,化合物1每週注射1次,連續4次,TDF每天灌胃給藥,總計10天,觀察7週。血清學HBsAg、HBV DNA檢測方法同上。
2.2 實驗結果
如附第2圖所示,在血清HBsAg的清除率上(第2圖A),化合物1單藥和化合物1聯合TDF兩實驗組與對照組相比,血清HBsAg的清除率有統計學顯著差異,且化合物1聯合TDF組與單用化合物1組或者單用TDF組相比,可以更快清除血清中HBsAg,並且有統計學顯著差異。以上結果說明化合物1聯合TDF可以協同清除血清中HBsAg。在血清HBV DNA的清除率方面(第2圖B),化合物1、TDF和化合物1聯合TDF三個實驗組與對照組相比均有統計學顯著差異,並且化合物1聯合TDF組比單用TDF組或者單用化合物1組更快清除血清中HBV DNA。
以上結果表明,化合物1聯合TDF用藥可以更快促進血清中HBV DNA的清除,從而發揮抗病毒的協同效應。(*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001)。
實施例3. 化合物1對HBV感染的小鼠肝細胞細胞凋亡的影響
3.1 實驗方法
分別使用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射或重組病毒rAAV8-1.3HBV注射C57BL/6J小鼠(週齡6-8 W,體重20±2g)建立慢性HBV感染小鼠模型。在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠建模成功後,靜脈注射化合物1 10mg/kg,收集注射後12h、24h、48h小鼠血清和肝組織。通過穀草轉氨酶(AST/GOT)測試盒(南京建成,C010-2)和穀丙轉氨酶(ALT/GPT)測試盒(南京建成,C009-2)檢測血清中ALT和AST水準。通過Western blot檢測肝組織內cIAPs分子的表達,β-actin設為對照。肝內炎症與肝細胞壞死採用肝組織切片HE染色方法檢測。利用rAAV8-1.3HBV(ayw)病毒通過常規尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠,病毒注射量為5´105 v.g./隻(Yang, Liu et al. 2014),建立rAAV8-HBV1.3病毒注射C57BL/6J小鼠模型,靜脈注射化合物1 20mg/kg後12h處死,HBcAg免疫螢光和Tunnel法雙染檢測HBV感染肝細胞凋亡。
3.2實驗結果
如附第3圖所示,化合物1注射後,血清中反映肝細胞損傷的轉氨酶ALT和AST均有一過性增加,在12h升到最高值,然後再緩慢下降,在48h左右恢復至正常水準(第3圖A)。通過Western blot檢測肝內IAPs分子發現,化合物1在肝組織中對cIAP2有強烈的抑制作用,12h最強;對cIAP1亦有抑制效應,但要明顯弱於cIAP2;對XIAP並未觀察到顯著抑制作用(第3圖B)。肝組織HE染色亦顯示,注射後12h,肝組織內匯管區附近出現了散在的壞死灶,同時伴隨有淋巴細胞浸潤(第3圖C)。通過Tunel染色和HBcAg螢光雙染實驗觀察HBV感染肝細胞凋亡情況,結合雙染3D圖片分析,發現注射化合物1後12h可以誘導HBcAg陽性的肝細胞發生凋亡(第3圖D)。
以上結果提示,化合物1可以特異性誘導HBV感染的肝細胞發生凋亡,有助於病毒的清除,且其僅誘導一過性的肝內炎症,不會導致暴發性肝炎,減少治療可能引起相關的不良反應。
實施例4. 化合物1對小鼠體內HBV免疫應答的影響
4.1實驗方法
使用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠(週齡6-8 W,體重20±2g)建立慢性HBV感染小鼠模型。建模成功後分為兩組:A組:0.9% NaCl生物鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg注射組。每組5-6隻小鼠,每週給藥1次,連續4次,第7週時處死,分離小鼠肝臟淋巴細胞,細胞計數及流式細胞術檢測肝臟內淋巴細胞CD4、CD8分子的表達。HBV特異性T細胞應答的檢測利用HBV核心單肽(Core93-100)刺激淋巴細胞,流式細胞儀細胞因數胞內染色法檢測分泌IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的CD4+和CD8+T細胞頻數。
4.2實驗結果
如附第4圖所示,化合物1治療組小鼠肝內病毒清除後,肝內總淋巴細胞數顯著高於生理鹽水對照組(第4圖A)。進一步分析發現,與對照相比,肝內浸潤的CD4+ T細胞和CD8+T細胞的頻數均顯著增加(第 4圖B);採用HBV核心單肽(Core93-100)刺激後,CD4+ T細胞分泌IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的細胞頻數顯著增加(第4圖C),CD8+ T細胞分泌IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的細胞頻數顯著增加(第4圖D)。
以上結果表明,通過化合物1治療,清除病毒後,肝內針對HBV的特異性T細胞應答功能顯著增強,有利於病毒的清除。進一步地,化合物1可以通過上調HBV特異性T細胞應答,特異性誘導HBV感染的肝細胞發生凋亡,從而清除病毒抗原及其他病毒產物。
實施例5. 化合物1聯合IFNα2a給藥在慢性HBV感染的C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒的作用
5.1實驗方法
利用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒和pKCMvint IFNα-2a質粒或pKCMvint對照質粒 (6ug/隻)混合後高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠(週齡6-8 W,體重20±2g)建立慢性HBV感染小鼠模型並表達IFNα2a。建模1天后分為四組,A組(0.9%生理鹽水注射組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint+0.9%NaCl;B組(化合物1 10mg/kg靜脈注射組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint+化合物1 10mg/kg;C組(IFNα-2a組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint IFNα-2a+0.9%NaCl;D組(化合物1 聯合IFNα-2a組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint IFNα-2a+APG10mg/kg。每組5隻小鼠(其中D組7隻)。連續給藥三次,分別為建模後第1天,建模後第7天和第14天,給藥前一天眶緣採血一次,利用羅氏601儀器檢測血清HBsAg/HBeAg水準。
5.2實驗結果
如第5A圖和第5B圖所示,在建模後第7、14及21天,不同治療組間血清HBsAg及HBeAg水準都具有統計學差異。如第5A圖所示,B組、C組、D組與A組,三組不同藥物組間血清HBsAg在第7、14及21天具有統計學差異,即在第7天P值為0.010、第14天P值為0.008、第21天P值為0.004,P值小於0.05即表示組間具有統計學差異。其中聯合治療組D組血清HBsAg下降最為顯著。在第21天,與C組相比,B組和D組血清下降顯著,P值均為0.008,即C組與B組比較其P值為0.008,C組與D組比較其P值為0.008(兩者單獨比較的P值未在圖中表示出)。如第5B圖所示,B組、C組、D組與A組,三組不同藥物組間血清HBeAg在第7、14及21天具有統計學差異,即在第7天P值為0.004、第14天P值為0.021、第21天P值為0.001,P值小於0.05即表示組間具有統計學差異。其中聯合治療組D組血清HBeAg下降最為顯著。在第21天,與C組和B組相比,D組血清下降顯著,P值均為0.008,即D組與B組比較其P值為0.008,D組與C組比較其P值為0.008(兩者單獨比較的P值未在圖中表示出)。
以上結果表明,化合物1與IFNα2a聯合組降低HBsAg/HBeAg作用最為明顯。因此,化合物1與IFNα2a聯合組在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒和pKCMvint IFNα-2a質粒或pKCMvint對照質粒混合後高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠建立的慢性HBV感染小鼠模型中具有抗B肝病毒作用。
實施例6. 化合物1和Birinapant在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射建立的慢性HBV感染C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒作用的比較
6.1 實驗方法
利用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠(週齡6-8 W,體重20±2g)建立慢性HBV感染小鼠模型。建模成功後分為三組:A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組,C組:Birinapant 20mg/kg靜脈注射組。其中,A組和B組每組7隻小鼠,C組每組6隻小鼠。化合物1 與Birinapant均為每週給藥1次,連續給藥5週,每週給藥前進行眶緣採血,利用羅氏601儀器檢測上清中HBsAg/HBeAg水準。
6.2 實驗結果
從血漿中HBsAg和HBeAg總體水準變化來看,如第6A圖所示,在HBsAg的清除效果方面,化合物1靜脈注射組與生理鹽水注射組有統計學顯著差異。如第6B圖所示在HBeAg的清除效果方面,化合物1靜脈注射組與Birinapant組有統計學的顯著差異(*,p<0.05)。
從血漿中HBsAg和HBeAg個體水準變化來看,如第6C圖所示,在藥物治療1週後,兩個給藥治療組的藥物血清HBsAg水準顯著下降,且化合物1組血清HBsAg水準顯著低於Brinapant組(p=0.035)。
在給藥4週後,化合物1組中86%的小鼠血清HBsAg水準低於檢測下限,而Brinapant組中比例為57%,第6A圖已說明該數值(資料未顯示)。
以上結果表明,就HBsAg和HBeAg的清除效果而言,化合物1均優於Birinapant。因此,在同等給藥劑量及給藥方式上,化合物1的抗病毒效果優於Birinapant。
實施例7. 化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體給藥在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射建立的慢性HBV感染C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒的作用7.1 實驗方法
利用pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠(週齡6-8W,體重20±2g)建立慢性HBV感染小鼠模型。建模成功後分為四組:A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組,C組:抗-PD1抗體200ug/隻/次腹腔注射組,D組:化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體組。其中,每組均為7隻小鼠。化合物1每週靜脈給藥1次,抗-PD1抗體腹腔注射,每週給藥2次。每週化合物1給藥前進行眶緣採血,利用羅氏601儀器檢測上清中HBsAg/HBeAg水準。
7.2 實驗結果
從血漿中HBsAg和HBeAg總體水準變化來看,如附第7A圖、第7B圖和第7B-1圖所示,化合物1單藥組和化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體給藥組均可
顯著降低血清中HBsAg/HBeAg水準。抗-PD1抗體單藥組無明顯降低HBsAg/HBeAg作用。
從血漿中HBsAg和HBeAg個體水準變化來看,如第7C圖所示,B組、C組、D組與A組,三組不同藥物組間血清HBsAg在給藥後第2、3及4週具有統計學差異,即在第2週P值為0.035、第3週P值為0.005、第4週P值為0.013,P值小於0.05即表示組間具有統計學差異。其中聯合治療組D組血清HBsAg下降最為顯著。在用藥後第2和第3週,與C組相比,D組血清HBsAg下降更為顯著,P值分別為0.015和0.037(在第2週和第3週兩者的單獨比較的P值未在圖中表示出)。如第7D圖所示,B組、C組、D組與A組,三組不同藥物組間血清HBeAg在給藥後第1週和第2週具有統計學差異,即在第1週P值為0.029、第2週P值為0.009,P值小於0.05即表示組間具有統計學差異。在用藥後第1週和第2週,與C組相比,B組和D組血清HBeAg下降更為顯著,在第1週P值分別為0.016和0.007,在第2週P值分別為0.007和0.002(在第1週和第2週兩者的單獨比較的P值未在圖中表示出),但B組和D組之間無統計學差異。
以上結果表明,化合物1和化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體給藥在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射建立的慢性HBV感染C57BL/6J小鼠模型中具有抗B肝病毒的作用。
實施例8. 化合物1與SF18在rAAV8-HBV1.3(ayw)病毒尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒作用
8.1實驗方法
利用rAAV8-HBV1.3(ayw)病毒通過常規尾靜脈注射C57BL/6J小鼠,病毒注射量為5×105v.g./隻(Yang,Liu et al.2014),建立rAAV8-HBV1.3病毒注射C57BL/6J小鼠模型。建模成功後分為三組,A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組,C組:SF18 20mg/kg靜脈注射組。其中,每組均為3隻小鼠。連續給藥4週,每週眶緣採血一次,利用羅氏601儀器檢測上清中HBsAg/HBeAg水準。
8.2 實驗結果
如第8A圖和第8B圖所示,SF18用藥組小鼠血清中HBsAg/HBeAg下降速度顯著快於化合物1用藥組,但是在第2和第4週SF18給藥時,分別出現了一隻小鼠死亡。
以上結果表明,化合物1與SF18均具有抗B肝病毒作用,其中SF18抗HBV病毒效應強於化合物1。
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第1圖顯示化合物1單藥注射對pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠模型體內HBV的影響。A:各組血清中HBsAg的動態變化;B:各組血清中HBV DNA的動態變化;C:免疫組化染色檢測7週時各組肝組織HBcAg表達;D:Southern Blot檢測7週時各組肝內HBV複製中間體。
第2圖顯示化合物1聯合富馬酸替諾福韋酯(TDF)給藥對pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠模型體內HBV的影響。A:各組血清中HBsAg在不同時間點的清除率比較;B:各組血清中HBV DNA在不同時間點的清除率比較。
第3圖顯示化合物1對HBV感染的小鼠肝細胞凋亡的影響。A:pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠血清ALT、AST在化合物1注射後不同時間點的動態變化;B:肝組織內cIAPs在化合物1注射後不同時間點的表達變化;C:化合物1注射後不同時間點小鼠肝組織切片HE染色;D:HBcAg免疫螢光和Tunnel法雙染檢測HBV感染肝細胞凋亡。
第4圖顯示化合物1治療對小鼠體內HBV免疫應答的影響效應。A:化合物1治療組小鼠肝內病毒清除後,肝內總淋巴細胞計數改變;B: 肝內浸潤的CD4+ T細胞和CD8+T細胞的頻數改變;C: HBV特異性CD4+ T細胞分泌IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的功能;D: HBV特異性CD8+ T細胞分泌IFNγ、TNFα、IL-2的功能。
第5圖顯示化合物1聯合IFNα2a給藥在慢性HBV感染的C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒的作用。其中第5A圖:第一次給藥二十一天內,在不同時間點各組(A組(0.9%生理鹽水注射組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint+0.9%NaCl;B組(化合物1 10mg/kg靜脈注射組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint+化合物1 10mg/kg;C組(IFNα-2a組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint IFNα-2a+0.9%NaCl;D組(化合物1 聯合IFNα-2a組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint IFNα-2a+APG10mg/kg)血清HBsAg個體水準變化。第5B圖:第一次給藥二十一天內,不同時間點各組(A組(0.9%生理鹽水注射組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint+0.9%NaCl;B組(化合物1 10mg/kg靜脈注射組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint+化合物1 10mg/kg;C組(IFNα-2a組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint IFNα-2a+0.9%NaCl;D組(化合物1 聯合IFNα-2a組):pAAV-HBV1.2+pKCMvint IFNα-2a+APG10mg/kg)血清HBeAg個體水準變化。
第6圖顯示化合物1和Birinapant在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射建立的慢性HBV感染C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒作用的比較。第6A圖:第一次給藥5週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:Birinapant 20mg/kg靜脈注射組)血清HBsAg總體水準變化。第6B圖:第一次給藥5週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:Birinapant 20mg/kg靜脈注射組)血清HBeAg總體水準變化。第6C圖:第一次給藥5週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:Birinapant 20mg/kg靜脈注射組)血清HBsAg個體水準變化。第6D圖:第一次給藥4週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:Birinapant 20mg/kg靜脈注射組)血清HBeAg個體水準變化。
第7圖顯示化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體給藥在pAAV-HBV1.2質粒高壓尾靜脈注射建立的慢性HBV感染C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒的作用。第7A圖:第一次給藥5週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:抗-PD1抗體腹腔注射組;D組:化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體組)血清HBsAg總體水準變化。第7B圖、及第7B-1圖:第一次給藥5週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:抗-PD1抗體腹腔注射組;D組:化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體組)血清HBeAg總體水準變化。第7C圖:第一次給藥5週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:抗-PD1抗體腹腔注射組;D組:化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體組)血清HBsAg個體水準變化。第7D圖:第一次給藥4週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:抗-PD1抗體腹腔注射組;D組:化合物1聯合抗-PD1抗體組)血清HBeAg個體水準變化。
第8圖顯示化合物1與SF18在rAAV8-HBV1.3(ayw)病毒尾靜脈注射的C57BL/6J小鼠模型中抗B肝病毒作用。第8A圖:第一次給藥4週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:SF18 20mg/kg靜脈注射組)HBsAg個體水準變化。8B:第一次給藥4週內,在不同時間點各組(A組:0.9% NaCl生理鹽水注射組;B組:化合物1 20mg/kg靜脈注射組;C組:SF18 20mg/kg靜脈注射組)HBeAg個體水準變化。
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2017
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2018
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AU2018372851B2 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
AU2018372851A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
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CA3072733C (en) | 2023-02-21 |
SG11202000896VA (en) | 2020-02-27 |
KR102348735B1 (ko) | 2022-01-06 |
CN109467566B (zh) | 2020-12-04 |
US20220296571A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
CN107987083A (zh) | 2018-05-04 |
US11298339B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
KR20200043995A (ko) | 2020-04-28 |
CA3072733A1 (en) | 2019-05-31 |
JP2021504294A (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
CN109467566A (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
EP3715349A1 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
US20210290594A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
TW202017933A (zh) | 2020-05-16 |
RU2749730C1 (ru) | 2021-06-16 |
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