TWI728287B - Method for producing aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet with high bake-hardening properties - Google Patents
Method for producing aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet with high bake-hardening properties Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係有關一種鋁材,特別是以經濟有效的方式提供一種具高烘烤後降伏強度與抗拉強度之鋁-鎂-矽合金片材。 The present invention relates to an aluminum material, and particularly provides an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet with high yield strength and tensile strength after baking in an economical and effective manner.
隨著節能減廢之重視,不論是使用電力之電動車,或是搭載內燃機之燃油車均被要求輕量化,以節省能源消耗並減少廢氣排放。故,質輕之鋁合金常被用以製作交通工具之鈑金件。因此,具有質輕與優良成型性之5000系鋁合金或6000系鋁合金最常被使用。其中,尤以具有較高烘烤後強度(即耐凹性)的6000系鋁合金(即鋁-鎂-矽合金)更佳。 With the emphasis on energy conservation and waste reduction, both electric vehicles that use electricity or fuel vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines are required to be lighter in order to save energy consumption and reduce exhaust emissions. Therefore, lightweight aluminum alloys are often used to make sheet metal parts for vehicles. Therefore, 5000 series aluminum alloys or 6000 series aluminum alloys with light weight and excellent formability are most commonly used. Among them, the 6000 series aluminum alloy (ie, aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy) with higher strength after baking (ie, dent resistance) is better.
其次,為了提升鋁合金之烘烤後強度,鋁材一般須施加長時間之人工時效硬化處理。然而,為了降低鈑金件之製造成本與製程時間,汽車產業通常係要求鋁材於塗漆 後之烘烤製程中同步完成人工時效處理。換言之,於進行低溫且短時間之烘烤製程後,鈑金件表面之塗漆層係被烤乾且具有良好之烘烤後強度,而可避免傳統長時間之人工時效處理。 Secondly, in order to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy after baking, the aluminum generally needs to be artificially aged for a long time. However, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost and process time of sheet metal parts, the automotive industry usually requires aluminum to be painted In the subsequent baking process, the artificial aging treatment is completed simultaneously. In other words, after the low-temperature and short-time baking process, the paint layer on the surface of the sheet metal part is baked and has good strength after baking, which can avoid the traditional long-time artificial aging treatment.
據此,為了使鋁材可於塗漆烘烤製程同步完成人工時效處理,一種習知之技術手段係結合塗漆烘烤製程與人工時效處理,並提高其處理溫度或延長處理時間,以獲得所需之烘烤後強度。然而,過高之處理溫度亦導致鋁材所使用之塗漆須可耐受高溫烘烤,故增加鈑金件之製作成本,且較高之處理溫度亦大幅提升製程所需之能源,而過長之處理時間則需要較長的烤箱和更多的能源,兩者皆不符合汽車廠的投資成本。 According to this, in order to enable the aluminum material to complete the artificial aging treatment simultaneously in the painting and baking process, a conventional technical method is to combine the painting and baking process with the artificial aging treatment, and to increase the treatment temperature or extend the treatment time to obtain the The strength after baking is required. However, too high processing temperature also causes the paint used for aluminum materials to be able to withstand high temperature baking, which increases the production cost of sheet metal parts, and higher processing temperature also greatly increases the energy required for the process, which is too long The processing time requires a longer oven and more energy, both of which do not meet the investment cost of the car factory.
另一種習知之技術手段係以每分鐘大於100℃之淬火速度急速冷卻固溶後之鋁材,並以控制降溫速率的方式來模擬鋁捲之盤捲冷卻(具有預時效之作用)。然而,習知之鋁材係以鋁捲之形式藉由連續退火線(Continuous Annealing Line;CAL)來生產,故於進行固溶處理後,鋁捲必須再經過整平線、蓄料塔與前處理線等設備,然後才能接續進行盤捲製程,此導致固溶淬火後至盤捲前,鋁捲實際上無可避免地會在室溫停留一段時間(約20分鐘),從而降低其烘烤後強度。據此,於鋁材之實際製程中,固溶後之鋁材仍須經過其他處理,而無法直接進行盤捲製程,故上述技術手段仍難以應用於鋁材之實際製作流程中。 Another conventional technical method is to rapidly cool the solid solution aluminum at a quenching rate greater than 100°C per minute, and to control the cooling rate to simulate the coil cooling of the aluminum coil (with the effect of pre-aging). However, the conventional aluminum is produced in the form of aluminum coils through Continuous Annealing Line (CAL). Therefore, after solution treatment, the aluminum coils must go through a leveling line, storage tower, and pre-treatment. Then, the coiling process can be continued. As a result, the aluminum coil will inevitably stay at room temperature for a period of time (about 20 minutes) after solution quenching and before coiling, thereby reducing its baking time. strength. Accordingly, in the actual production process of aluminum materials, the aluminum materials after solid solution still have to undergo other treatments, and the coiling process cannot be directly carried out. Therefore, the above-mentioned technical methods are still difficult to apply to the actual production process of aluminum materials.
有鑑於此,亟須提供具有良好烘烤後強度之一種鋁-鎂-矽合金及其製造方法,以改進習知鋁-鎂-矽合金及其製造方法之不足。 In view of this, it is urgent to provide an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and its manufacturing method with good strength after baking, so as to improve the shortcomings of the conventional aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and its manufacturing method.
因此,本發明之一態樣是在提供一種鋁-鎂-矽合金片材的製造方法,此製造方法主要是針對工業上連續退火線實際生產時,鋁捲於固溶淬火後至末端再加熱並盤捲前之室溫停留對烘烤後強度的不利效應,藉由在固溶爐之固溶處理及淬火後,緊接著額外介入一低溫(50℃至120℃)且短時(小於或等於5分鐘)的加熱裝置來進行一實用有效的淬火後預時效製程,以增加Si-Mg析出相之成核數量,故除可抑制室溫時析出不欲之Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物,且於後續之烘烤製程時尚可相對地促使負責主要強化作用的Si-Mg相之大量析出,因此不僅可消除上述室溫停留之不利影響,且可進一步提升所製得鋁-鎂-矽合金之烘烤硬化性。 Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet. This manufacturing method is mainly aimed at the actual production of an industrial continuous annealing line. The aluminum coil is heated after solution quenching to the end. The room temperature staying before the coiling has an adverse effect on the strength after baking. After solution treatment and quenching in the solution furnace, an additional low temperature (50°C to 120°C) and short time (less than or (Equal to 5 minutes) heating device to perform a practical and effective pre-aging process after quenching to increase the number of nucleation of Si-Mg precipitates, so in addition to inhibiting the precipitation of unwanted Si-Si aggregates and Mg- at room temperature Mg agglomerates, and in the subsequent baking process, can relatively promote the precipitation of a large amount of Si-Mg phase responsible for the main strengthening effect, so not only can eliminate the adverse effects of the above room temperature stay, but also can further improve the aluminum produced- Bake hardenability of magnesium-silicon alloy.
根據本發明之一態樣,提出一種鋁-鎂-矽合金片材的製造方法。此製造方法係先提供鋁胚,並對此鋁胚進行均質化製程,以形成均質化鋁胚。然後,對均質化鋁胚進行熱軋製程,以形成熱軋鋁材,並接續進行冷軋製程,以形成冷軋鋁材。接著,對冷軋鋁材進行固溶製程,以形成固溶鋁材。之後,對固溶淬火後之鋁捲藉由立即介入一低溫且短時的加熱裝置來進行淬火後預時效製程,以形成預時效鋁材。然後,放置預時效鋁材於室溫環境中。於放置預時效鋁 材在室溫環境後,對預時效鋁材進行盤捲預時效製程,即可製得本發明之鋁-鎂-矽合金片材。 According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet is provided. In this manufacturing method, an aluminum blank is first provided, and the aluminum blank is subjected to a homogenization process to form a homogenized aluminum blank. Then, the homogenized aluminum blank is subjected to a hot rolling process to form a hot-rolled aluminum material, and then a cold rolling process is continued to form a cold-rolled aluminum material. Then, the cold-rolled aluminum material is subjected to a solid solution process to form a solid solution aluminum material. After that, the aluminum coil after solution quenching is subjected to a pre-aging process after quenching by immediately interposing a low-temperature and short-term heating device to form a pre-aging aluminum material. Then, place the pre-aged aluminum material in a room temperature environment. Pre-aged aluminum After the material is in a room temperature environment, the pre-aged aluminum material is subjected to a coil pre-ageing process to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet of the present invention.
依據本發明之一實施例,前述之鋁胚包含0.25重量百分比至0.7重量百分比之鎂、0.8重量百分比至1.5重量百分比之矽、0.10重量百分比至0.5重量百分比之鐵、0.05重量百分比至0.2重量百分比之錳、雜質與平衡量之鋁。其中,雜質之含量係小於0.15重量百分比,且雜質中之複數個元素的每一者之含量不大於0.05重量百分比。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned aluminum blank contains 0.25 wt% to 0.7 wt% magnesium, 0.8 wt% to 1.5 wt% silicon, 0.10 wt% to 0.5 wt% iron, and 0.05 wt% to 0.2 wt% The manganese, impurities and the balance of aluminum. Wherein, the content of impurities is less than 0.15 weight percent, and the content of each of the plural elements in the impurities is not more than 0.05 weight percent.
依據本發明之另一實施例,前述淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度為50℃至120℃。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, the treatment temperature of the pre-aging process after quenching is 50°C to 120°C.
依據本發明之又一實施例,前述淬火後預時效製程之處理時間大於0.5分鐘,但不大於5分鐘。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, the treatment time of the aforementioned pre-aging process after quenching is greater than 0.5 minutes but not greater than 5 minutes.
依據本發明之再一實施例,於進行前述之固溶製程後,固溶鋁材係直接淬火至淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度,或者水淬至室溫後,立即升溫至淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度,以進行前述之淬火後預時效製程。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, after the aforementioned solution process is performed, the solution aluminum material is directly quenched to the treatment temperature of the pre-aging process after quenching, or after water quenching to room temperature, the temperature is immediately raised to the pre-aging process after quenching The processing temperature of the process is to perform the aforementioned pre-aging process after quenching.
依據本發明之再另一實施例,前述預時效鋁材於室溫環境之置放時間涵蓋20分鐘,然此僅為實施例,實際應用上當不以此為限。 According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the placing time of the aforementioned pre-aged aluminum material in the room temperature environment covers 20 minutes, but this is only an example, and the actual application should not be limited to this.
依據本發明之數個實施例,前述之鋁-鎂-矽合金片材經2%預塑變再加上170℃與20分鐘之烘烤製程後,鋁-鎂-矽合金片材之降伏強度不小於190MPa之國際水準且抗拉強度可高於260MPa。 According to several embodiments of the present invention, after the aforementioned aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet is subjected to 2% pre-plastic deformation and a baking process at 170°C and 20 minutes, the yield strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet is The international standard is not less than 190MPa and the tensile strength can be higher than 260MPa.
應用本發明鋁-鎂-矽合金片材的製造方法,其藉由在固溶製程後進行淬火後預時效製程,以抑制Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物的形成,進而促使具有較佳強化效果的Si-Mg析出相之成核(Si-Mg團聚物)。因此,於烘烤製程時,Si-Mg析出相可大量析出,從而可提升所製得鋁-鎂-矽合金片材之烘烤硬化性。 The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet manufacturing method of the present invention uses a pre-aging process after quenching after the solution process to inhibit the formation of Si-Si agglomerates and Mg-Mg agglomerates, thereby promoting the The nucleation of Si-Mg precipitates with good strengthening effect (Si-Mg agglomerates). Therefore, during the baking process, a large amount of Si-Mg precipitates can be precipitated, thereby improving the bake hardenability of the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet.
100:方法 100: method
110/120/130/140/150/160/170/180/190:操作 110/120/130/140/150/160/170/180/190: Operation
為了對本發明之實施例及其優點有更完整之理解,現請參照以下之說明並配合相應之圖式。必須強調的是,各種特徵並非依比例描繪且僅係為了圖解目的。相關圖式內容說明如下:〔圖1〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之鋁-鎂-矽合金之製造方法的流程圖。 In order to have a more complete understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and its advantages, please refer to the following description and the corresponding drawings. It must be emphasized that the various features are not drawn to scale and are for illustration purposes only. The contents of the related drawings are described as follows: [FIG. 1] is a flow chart showing a manufacturing method of an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
〔圖2〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之鋁-鎂-矽合金之製造流程的裝置示意圖。 [FIG. 2] is a schematic diagram of an apparatus showing the manufacturing process of an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
以下仔細討論本發明實施例之製造和使用。然而,可以理解的是,實施例提供許多可應用的發明概念,其可實施於各式各樣的特定內容中。所討論之特定實施例僅供說明,並非用以限定本發明之範圍。 The manufacture and use of the embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below. However, it can be understood that the embodiments provide many applicable inventive concepts, which can be implemented in various specific contents. The specific embodiments discussed are for illustration only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
請參照圖1,其係繪示依照本發明之一實施例之鋁-鎂-矽合金之製造方法的流程圖。於方法100中,鋁胚係
先提供,並對鋁胚進行均質化製程,如操作110與操作120所示。本發明之鋁胚為主要含鋁-鎂-矽的6000系鋁合金。在一些實施例中,本發明之鋁胚可包含0.25重量百分比至0.7重量百分比之鎂、0.8重量百分比至1.5重量百分比之矽、0.10重量百分比至0.5重量百分比之鐵、0.05重量百分比至0.2重量百分比之錳、無法避免之雜質與平衡量的鋁。雜質之含量係小於0.15重量百分比。雜質可包含數種無法避免之雜質元素,其中每一種雜質元素之含量係不大於0.05重量百分比。在一些實施例中,本發明之鋁胚可利用澆鑄製程來製作。舉例而言,本發明之鋁胚可利用半連續的直接冷鑄(Direct Chill casting;DC casting)法來製作,且鋁胚之厚度可為600公釐。
Please refer to FIG. 1, which shows a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention. In
當進行均質化製程時,鋁胚係被加熱至570℃,並經過12小時之均質化處理,以減少鋁胚之偏析(segregation),並使其所含元素達到均勻化分佈。須說明的是,本發明均質化製程之處理溫度與處理時間僅係用以例示說明,並非用以限制本發明。依據所選用之鋁胚的組成成分,本發明所屬技術領域具有通常知識者可選擇適當之均質化溫度與時間,以均質化鋁胚。 When the homogenization process is carried out, the aluminum blank is heated to 570°C and undergoes a 12-hour homogenization treatment to reduce the segregation of the aluminum blank and achieve a uniform distribution of the elements contained in the aluminum blank. It should be noted that the processing temperature and processing time of the homogenization process of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the present invention. According to the composition of the selected aluminum blank, a person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention can select an appropriate homogenization temperature and time to homogenize the aluminum blank.
在一些實施例中,於進行均質化製程後,對所形成之均質化鋁胚可進行適當之前處理加工製程(例如:刨皮步驟及/或刨邊步驟等),以去除澆鑄時產生的脆性表層。 In some embodiments, after the homogenization process is performed, the homogenized aluminum blank formed may be subjected to appropriate pre-processing processes (for example, the peeling step and/or the edge planing step, etc.) to remove the brittleness generated during casting surface layer.
然後,依序對均質化鋁胚進行熱軋製程與冷軋製程,以製得冷軋鋁材,如操作130與操作140所示。舉例
而言,當進行熱軋製程時,均質化鋁胚係被加熱至500℃,並於持溫2小時後,被軋延至厚度為2.5公釐之熱軋鋁材。接著,熱軋鋁材的厚度係被冷軋至1.0公釐。在一些實施例中,依據所選用之設備能力與產品需求,熱軋製程與冷軋製程之參數,及熱軋鋁材與冷軋鋁材之厚度均可被適當地調整。
Then, the homogenized aluminum blank is sequentially subjected to a hot rolling process and a cold rolling process to obtain a cold rolled aluminum material, as shown in
請同時參照圖1與圖2,其中圖2係依照本發明之一實施例來繪示鋁-鎂-矽合金之製造流程及其相關裝置之示意圖。於進行圖1之操作140後,冷軋鋁材被置於固熔爐中,以進行固溶製程,而形成固溶鋁材,如操作150所示。當進行固溶製程時,冷軋鋁材中之粗大析出物係重新固溶於鋁材基地中,以利於在後續之淬火後預時效製程中,作為β"相先驅之Si-Mg團聚物(Si-Mg co-clusters;GP2 zones)能有效地成核,而可於烘烤時,有效地提升所製得鋁-鎂-矽合金之烘烤硬化性。舉例而言,固溶製程之處理溫度可為570℃,且處理時間為40秒。依據前述鋁胚之組成成分,本發明所屬技術領域具有通常知識者可適當地調整固溶製程之處理溫度與處理時間。
Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 at the same time, in which FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy and related devices according to an embodiment of the present invention. After performing
於進行固溶製程後,將固溶鋁材放置於額外介入之加熱裝置中,以進行淬火後預時效製程,而形成淬火預時效鋁材,如操作160所示。當進行預時效處理時,固溶鋁材係被放置於50℃至120℃之環境中,以使β"相之Si-Mg團聚物可有效地成核,並於後續烘烤鋁材時大量析出。由於β"相具有良好之強化效果,故所製得之鋁-鎂-矽合金可具有
良好之烘烤後強度,而可滿足後端應用之需求。在一些實施例中,淬火後預時效製程之處理時間沒有特別之限制。較佳地,為了同時兼顧製程之設備成本與時間成本,淬火後預時效製程之處理時間係不大於5分鐘。可理解的是,在其他實施例中,基於設備能力與廠區範圍,淬火後預時效製程之處理時間亦可大於5分鐘。
After the solid solution process is performed, the solid solution aluminum material is placed in an additional heating device to perform a post-quenching pre-ageing process to form a quenched pre-aged aluminum material, as shown in
當進行前述之淬火後預時效製程前,如圖2所示,由固溶爐取出之固溶鋁材可被直接淬火至加熱裝置之溫度(即淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度),或者固溶鋁材係被水淬至室溫後,立即升溫至加熱裝置之溫度(即淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度),以進行淬火後預時效製程。須特別說明的是,當固溶鋁材係被水淬至室溫時,前述「立即升溫至加熱裝置之溫度」的步驟係指降至室溫之固溶鋁材係馬上被加熱至淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度。換言之,水淬至室溫之固溶鋁材於室溫狀態的停留時間越短越好。據此,於固溶製程後,固溶鋁材係被保持於GP2 zones之成核溫度(即Si-Mg團聚物之成核溫度),而可增加Si-Mg析出相之成核數量,並抑制Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物的形成。 Before performing the aforementioned pre-aging process after quenching, as shown in Figure 2, the solid solution aluminum material taken out of the solution furnace can be directly quenched to the temperature of the heating device (that is, the treatment temperature of the pre-aging process after quenching), or After the molten aluminum is quenched with water to room temperature, it is immediately raised to the temperature of the heating device (that is, the processing temperature of the pre-aging process after quenching) to perform the pre-aging process after quenching. It should be noted that when the solid solution aluminum material is quenched by water to room temperature, the aforementioned step of "raising the temperature immediately to the temperature of the heating device" means that the solid solution aluminum material that has dropped to room temperature is immediately heated to the temperature after quenching. The processing temperature of the pre-aging process. In other words, the shorter the residence time of the solid solution aluminum material quenched to room temperature in the room temperature state, the better. According to this, after the solid solution process, the solid solution aluminum is kept at the nucleation temperature of the GP2 zones (ie the nucleation temperature of the Si-Mg agglomerate), which can increase the number of nucleation of the Si-Mg precipitate phase, and Inhibit the formation of Si-Si aggregates and Mg-Mg aggregates.
由於製程設備之限制,當淬火後預時效製程所製得之鋁材由加熱裝置移出後,所形成之淬火預時效鋁材可置放於室溫環境中,以進行自然時效處理,並進一步進入整平線、蓄料塔與前處理線等設備,如操作170所示。於此同時,由於β"相之Si-Mg團聚物已於淬火後預時效製程時成核,故Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物(Si-Si/Mg-Mg
clusters;GP1 zones)將被有效地抑制。再者,Si-Mg團聚物之強化效果係優於Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物等之強化效果。據此,當淬火預時效鋁材置放於室溫環境時,Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物不易形成於鋁材基地中,而可避免降低所製得之鋁-鎂-矽合金的烘烤後強度,進而可滿足後端之應用需求。在此些實施例中,淬火預時效鋁材於室溫環境之置放時間涵蓋20分鐘,然此僅為實施例,實際應用上當不以此為限。在其他實施例中,淬火預時效鋁材於室溫環境之置放時間可大於20分鐘。
Due to the limitation of the process equipment, when the aluminum material produced by the pre-aging process after quenching is removed from the heating device, the formed quenched pre-aged aluminum material can be placed in a room temperature environment for natural aging treatment and further into Leveling line, storage tower and pre-treatment line and other equipment, as shown in
於進行操作170後,對自然時效處理後之淬火預時效鋁材進行盤捲預時效製程,即可製得本發明之鋁-鎂-矽合金,如操作180與操作190所示。如圖2所示,當進行盤捲預時效製程時,淬火預時效鋁材係先被移入再熱爐,以被加熱至盤捲溫度,而利於盤捲。
After the
在一些應用例中,藉由前述之製造方法所製得的鋁-鎂-矽合金可作為汽車之鋁片。進一步地,為了保護鋁片表面,並提升車輛外觀之視覺表現,此鋁-鎂-矽合金可進行塗漆製程,並藉由烘烤製程乾燥漆膜。當進行烘烤製程時,具有較佳強化效果之Si-Mg析出相可大量析出以提升鋁-鎂-矽合金之烘烤硬化性,而可滿足應用需求。舉例而言,烘烤製程可於170℃下進行,且烘烤時間不大於20分鐘。在此些應用例中,鋁-鎂-矽合金之烘烤後降伏強度(Post-Bake Yield Strength;PBYS)係不小於190MPa且烘烤後抗拉 強度(Post-Bake Tensile Strength;PBTS)可高於260MPa。因此,本發明之鋁-鎂-矽合金具有良好之烘烤後強度。 In some application examples, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy produced by the aforementioned manufacturing method can be used as an aluminum sheet for automobiles. Further, in order to protect the surface of the aluminum sheet and improve the visual performance of the vehicle appearance, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy can be painted and dried by a baking process. When the baking process is performed, the Si-Mg precipitates with better strengthening effect can be precipitated in large quantities to improve the bake hardenability of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which can meet the application requirements. For example, the baking process can be performed at 170° C., and the baking time is not more than 20 minutes. In these application examples, the post-bake yield strength (PBYS) of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is not less than 190MPa and the tensile strength after baking The strength (Post-Bake Tensile Strength; PBTS) can be higher than 260MPa. Therefore, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy of the present invention has good strength after baking.
以下利用實施例以說明本發明之應用,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。 The following examples are used to illustrate the application of the present invention, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone who is familiar with the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
以下係根據第1表製備實施例1至7及比較例1與2之鋁-鎂-矽合金。 The following is the preparation of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 according to Table 1.
實施例1係先對滿足前述組成的鋁胚進行570℃之均質化製程。經過12小時後,將厚度為600公釐之均質化鋁胚熱軋至2.5公釐,並進一步冷軋至1.0公釐,以形成冷軋鋁材。然後,對冷軋鋁材進行570℃之固溶製程。其中,固溶製程可藉由將冷軋鋁材放置於鹽浴爐中來模擬進行。經40秒之固溶製程後,不放置於室溫環境中,且立即對鋁材進行盤捲預時效製程,即可製得實施例1之鋁-鎂-矽合金。所得之鋁-鎂-矽合金以下述烘烤硬化性之評價方法進行評估,其結果如第1表所述。 In Example 1, a homogenization process at 570°C was first performed on an aluminum blank that satisfies the aforementioned composition. After 12 hours, the homogenized aluminum blank with a thickness of 600 mm was hot rolled to 2.5 mm, and further cold rolled to 1.0 mm to form cold rolled aluminum. Then, the cold-rolled aluminum material is subjected to a solution process at 570°C. Among them, the solid solution process can be simulated by placing the cold-rolled aluminum material in a salt bath furnace. After 40 seconds of solution process, the aluminum material is not placed in a room temperature environment, and the aluminum material is immediately subjected to the coil pre-aging process, and the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy of Example 1 can be obtained. The obtained aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy was evaluated by the following bake hardenability evaluation method, and the results are as shown in Table 1.
實施例2係先對滿足前述組成的鋁胚進行570℃之均質化製程。經過12小時後,將厚度為600公釐之均質化鋁胚熱軋至2.5公釐,並進一步冷軋至1.0公釐,以形成冷軋鋁材。然後,對冷軋鋁材進行570℃之固溶製程。其中, 固溶製程可藉由將冷軋鋁材放置於鹽浴爐內來模擬進行。經40秒之固溶製程後,可將鋁材直接冷淬至50℃的油浴爐中,或是先將其水淬至常溫再立即置入油浴爐中,來模擬淬火後預時效製程之進行。經過0.5分鐘後,將淬火預時效鋁材放置於室溫環境中。於19.5分鐘後,再將淬火後預時效鋁材置於升降溫速可控之空氣爐中加熱至100℃,然後以每小時3.42℃的降溫速率來模擬大型鋁捲之盤捲緩冷預時效製程,即可製得實施例2之鋁-鎂-矽合金。所得之鋁-鎂-矽合金以下述烘烤硬化性之評價方法進行評估,其結果如第1表所述。 In Example 2, a homogenization process at 570°C was first performed on an aluminum blank meeting the aforementioned composition. After 12 hours, the homogenized aluminum blank with a thickness of 600 mm was hot rolled to 2.5 mm, and further cold rolled to 1.0 mm to form cold rolled aluminum. Then, the cold-rolled aluminum material is subjected to a solution process at 570°C. among them, The solid solution process can be simulated by placing the cold rolled aluminum material in a salt bath furnace. After 40 seconds of solid solution process, the aluminum can be directly cold quenched into an oil bath furnace at 50°C, or the aluminum can be quenched to room temperature and then immediately placed in the oil bath furnace to simulate the pre-aging process after quenching To proceed. After 0.5 minutes, the quenched pre-aged aluminum material was placed in a room temperature environment. After 19.5 minutes, the quenched pre-aged aluminum material is heated to 100℃ in an air furnace with a controllable temperature rise and fall, and then the slow cooling pre-ageing of large aluminum coils is simulated at a temperature drop rate of 3.42℃ per hour. Through the manufacturing process, the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy of Example 2 can be obtained. The obtained aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy was evaluated by the following bake hardenability evaluation method, and the results are as shown in Table 1.
實施例3至實施例7係以實施例2之鋁-鎂-矽合金之製造方法為基礎,進一步提高其淬火後預時效之溫度與/或延長其淬火後預時效之時間(室溫環境之置放時間則相應調整,以維持固溶淬火後至盤捲前之總經歷時間為20分鐘),以強化其預時效之效果。其中,實施例3至實施例7之參數條件及評價結果分別如第1表所示,此處不另贅述。 Examples 3 to 7 are based on the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy manufacturing method of Example 2 to further increase the pre-aging temperature after quenching and/or extend the pre-aging time after quenching (in room temperature environment) The placement time is adjusted accordingly to maintain the total elapsed time from solution quenching to 20 minutes before coiling) to strengthen its pre-aging effect. Among them, the parameter conditions and evaluation results of Example 3 to Example 7 are as shown in Table 1, respectively, and will not be repeated here.
比較例1係對傳統製程所製得之冷軋鋁片(厚度為1.0公釐)進行570℃之固溶製程。經40秒後,將鋁片水淬至室溫,即製得比較例1之鋁-鎂-矽合金。所得之鋁-鎂-矽合金以下述烘烤硬化性之評價方法進行評估,其結果如第1表所述。 In Comparative Example 1, the cold-rolled aluminum sheet (thickness of 1.0 mm) produced by the conventional process was subjected to a solution process at 570°C. After 40 seconds, the aluminum sheet was water-quenched to room temperature to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy of Comparative Example 1. The obtained aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy was evaluated by the following bake hardenability evaluation method, and the results are as shown in Table 1.
比較例2係使用與實施例1之鋁-鎂-矽合金之製造方法相同的製備方法,不同之處在於比較例2係增加室溫環境置放20分鐘與盤捲預時效製程。其中,比較例2之參數條件及評價結果分別如第1表所示,此處不另贅述。 Comparative Example 2 uses the same preparation method as the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy manufacturing method of Example 1, except that Comparative Example 2 increases the room temperature environment for 20 minutes and the coil pre-aging process. Among them, the parameter conditions and evaluation results of Comparative Example 2 are as shown in Table 1 respectively, and will not be repeated here.
如圖2所示,當所製得之鋁-鎂-矽合金進行烘烤硬化性之評價時,前述實施例1至實施例7及比較例1與比較例2盤捲冷卻後所製得之鋁-鎂-矽合金係先進行2%之預塑性應變拉伸成形,再移入溫度設定為170℃之人工時效爐進行烘烤。於烘烤20分鐘後,以標準的機械性質測試設備與測試方法量測鋁-鎂-矽合金片材於烘烤後之降伏強度與抗拉強度。 As shown in Figure 2, when the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is evaluated for bake hardenability, the coils of the foregoing Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are prepared after cooling The aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is first stretched and formed by a 2% pre-plastic strain, and then moved into an artificial aging furnace set at 170°C for baking. After baking for 20 minutes, the yield strength and tensile strength of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet after baking were measured with standard mechanical property testing equipment and testing methods.
如第1表所示,相較於比較例1,僅經盤捲預時效之比較例2的烘烤後降伏強度雖然略為增加,然仍未達國際水準(約190MPa),而在額外介入淬火後預時效製程之後,縱使起初在低溫短時間下,其效果並不明顯(實施例2),然隨著淬火後預時效製程之處理溫度的提升與/或處理時間的增加,所製得鋁-鎂-矽合金片材之烘烤硬化性隨之大幅提升(如實施例3至實施例7所示),不僅可達到國際水準(190MPa),最終實施例7甚至可超越實施例1所欲達之理想。 As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, the yield strength of Comparative Example 2 which is only pre-aged by coils has increased slightly after baking, but it still does not reach the international standard (about 190MPa), and additional quenching After the post-pre-aging process, the effect is not obvious even at the low temperature for a short time at first (Example 2), but as the treatment temperature and/or treatment time of the post-quenching pre-aging process increase, the aluminum produced -The bake hardenability of the magnesium-silicon alloy sheet is greatly improved (as shown in Examples 3 to 7), which not only reaches the international standard (190MPa), but finally Example 7 can even surpass that of Example 1. Reach the ideal.
依據實施例1可知,當固溶後之鋁材直接進行盤捲預時效製程時,鋁材可具有極佳之烘烤硬化性。然而,於實際製程中,鋁材無可避免地須於室溫環境中停留。據此,於實施例2至實施例7中,藉由於固溶後,將鋁材移入額外介入之加熱裝置中,以進行淬火後預時效製程。如此一來,所製得之鋁材即使於室溫環境下停留一段時間,然於塗漆烘烤後,鋁合金片材仍可具有極佳之烘烤硬化性。 According to Example 1, when the aluminum material after solid solution is directly subjected to the coil pre-aging process, the aluminum material has excellent bake hardenability. However, in the actual manufacturing process, aluminum must inevitably stay in a room temperature environment. Accordingly, in Example 2 to Example 7, the aluminum material was moved into an additional heating device after solid solution to perform a pre-aging process after quenching. In this way, even if the produced aluminum material stays at room temperature for a period of time, after painting and baking, the aluminum alloy sheet can still have excellent bake hardenability.
據此,本發明之淬火後預時效製程可抑制Si-Si團聚物與Mg-Mg團聚物的形成,進而促使具有較佳強化效果的Si-Mg析出相之成核(Si-Mg團聚物),故而可提升所製得之鋁-鎂-矽合金片材的烘烤硬化性。故,於鋁-鎂-矽合金片材之製程中,本發明藉由增設之加熱裝置來進行低溫短時之淬火後預時效處理,可有效解決製程中放置於室溫環境中所導致之烘烤硬化性低落的問題,而可更彈性地調整鋁-鎂-矽合金片材之製作流程。 Accordingly, the pre-aging process after quenching of the present invention can inhibit the formation of Si-Si aggregates and Mg-Mg aggregates, and promote the nucleation of Si-Mg precipitates with better strengthening effect (Si-Mg aggregates) Therefore, the bake hardenability of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet can be improved. Therefore, in the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet manufacturing process, the present invention uses an additional heating device to perform low-temperature short-term pre-aging treatment after quenching, which can effectively solve the drying process caused by placing in a room temperature environment during the manufacturing process. Due to the problem of low bake hardenability, the production process of aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet can be adjusted more flexibly.
雖然本發明已實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to those defined by the attached patent application scope.
100:方法 100: method
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