TWI711689B - 液晶介質 - Google Patents

液晶介質 Download PDF

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TWI711689B
TWI711689B TW105127302A TW105127302A TWI711689B TW I711689 B TWI711689 B TW I711689B TW 105127302 A TW105127302 A TW 105127302A TW 105127302 A TW105127302 A TW 105127302A TW I711689 B TWI711689 B TW I711689B
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哈洛德 希爾區曼
瑪提娜 威得侯斯特
克里斯汀 哈克
安德列斯 波后
艾西爾 簡森
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德商馬克專利公司
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Abstract

本發明係關於介電正性液晶介質,其包含下式I化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-11-0001-1
其中參數具有技術方案1中所給出之含義,且係關於包含該等介質之液晶顯示器,尤其關於主動矩陣顯示器且特定而言關於TN及IPS模式顯示器。

Description

液晶介質
本發明係關於液晶介質及含有該等介質之液晶顯示器,尤其藉由主動矩陣定址之顯示器且特定而言扭轉向列或平面內切換(IPS)型顯示器。
液晶顯示器(LCD)廣泛用於顯示資訊。LCD用於直視顯示器以及投射型顯示器。所用光電模式係(例如)扭轉向列(TN)-、超扭轉向列(STN)-、光學補償彎曲(OCB)-及電控雙折射(ECB)模式及其各種修改形式以及其他模式。所有該等模式皆使用分別與基板或與液晶層實質上垂直之電場。除該等模式外,亦存在採用分別與基板、液晶層實質上平行之電場之光電模式,例如平面內切換模式(例如,如DE 40 00 451及EP 0 588 568中所揭示)。該光電模式尤其用於現代桌上型監視器及TV應用之LCD。本發明液晶較佳地用於此類型之顯示器中。
對於該等顯示器而言,需要具有改良性質之新的液晶介質。對於許多類型之應用而言,反應時間尤其必須經改良。因此,需要具有較低黏度(η)、尤其具有較低旋轉黏度(γ1)之液晶介質。旋轉黏度應係80mPa.s或更小、較佳70mPa.s或更小且尤其60mPa.s或更小。除此參數外,介質必須展現適宜寬範圍之向列相、合適的雙折射率(△n)且介電各向異性(△ε)應足夠高以允許相當低之操作電壓。較佳△ε應高於3且極佳地高於4,然而,較佳不高於15且特定而言不高於12,此乃因其將對至少相當高之比電阻有害。
本發明顯示器較佳藉由主動矩陣(主動矩陣LCD,簡寫為AMD)、較佳藉由薄膜電晶體(TFT)矩陣來定址。然而,本發明液晶亦可有利地用於具有其他已知定址方式之顯示器。
存在使用低分子量液晶材料連同聚合材料之複合系統之多種不同顯示模式。該等系統係(例如)聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)-、向列曲線配向相(NCAP)-及聚合物網絡(PN)系統(如例如WO 91/05 029中所揭示)或軸向對稱微區(ASM)系統以及其他系統。與該等相比,本發明尤佳之模式係使用定向於表面上之液晶介質本身。該等表面通常經預處理以達成液晶材料之均勻配向。本發明之顯示模式較佳使用實質上平行於複合層之電場。
適用於LCD且尤其適用於IPS顯示器之液晶組合物係自(例如)JP 07-181 439(A)、EP 0 667 555、EP 0 673 986、DE 195 09 410、DE 195 28 106、DE 195 28 107、WO 96/23 851及WO 96/28 521獲知。然而,該等組合物具有顯著缺點。其大部分、尤其缺陷導致不利之長反應時間、具有過低之電阻率值及/或需要過高之操作電壓。
因此,顯著需要具有適於實際應用之性質之液晶介質,該等適宜性質係例如寬向列相範圍、根據所用顯示模式之合適之光學各向異性△n、高△ε及尤其低之黏度。
令人驚訝的是,現已發現藉由使用包含一或多種下式I化合物之液晶介質可實現具有適宜高之△ε、適宜之相範圍及△n之液晶介質,其並不展現先前技術之材料之缺點或至少所展現程度顯著較小。
因此,本發明係關於液晶介質,其包含- 一或多種下式I化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0003-5
其中R1 表示具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基,較佳地烷基或烯基,L1 表示H或F- 視情況,一或多種選自下式II及III化合物之群之化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0003-7
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0003-8
其中R2及R3 彼此獨立地表示具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0003-9
彼此獨立地係
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0003-10
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0004-11
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0004-16
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0004-17
,較佳地
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0004-14
L21、L22、L31及L32 彼此獨立地表示H或F,較佳地F,X2及X3 彼此獨立地表示鹵素、具有1至3個C原子之鹵化烷基或烷氧基或具有2個或3個C原子之鹵化烯基或烯氧基,較佳地F、Cl、-OCF3或-CF3,最佳地F、Cl或-OCF3,Z3 表示-CH2CH2-、-CF2CF2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-CH2O-或單鍵,較佳地-CH2CH2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-或單鍵,且最佳地-COO-、反式-CH=CH-或單鍵,且l、m、n及o 彼此獨立地係0或1,且其不包括式I化合物,及- 視情況一或多種下式IV化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0005-18
其中R41及R42 彼此獨立地具有針對上述式II下之R2所給出之含義,較佳地R41係烷基且R42係烷基或烷氧基或R41係烯基且R42係烷基,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0005-19
彼此獨立地且在
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0005-21
出現兩次之情形中該等亦彼此獨立地係
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0005-23
較佳地,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0005-24
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0005-25
中之至少一者係
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0006-26
Z41、Z42 彼此獨立地且在Z41出現兩次之情形中該等亦彼此獨立地表示-CH2CH2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-CH2O-、-CF2O-、-C≡C-或單鍵,較佳地其中之至少一者係單鍵,且p係0、1或2,較佳為0或1。
式II化合物較佳選自下式II-1至II-3化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0006-29
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0006-30
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0006-31
其中參數具有上述式II下所給出之各別含義且在式II-1中,參數L23及L24彼此獨立地且獨立於其他參數表示H或F,且在式II-2中,較佳地
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0006-28
彼此獨立地表示
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0006-27
在式II-1至II-3中,L21及L22或L23及L24較佳地二者均係F。
在另一較佳實施例中,在式II-1及II-2中,所有L21、L22、L23及L24均表示F。
式II-1化合物係選自下式II-1a至II-1g化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0007-33
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0007-34
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0007-35
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0007-36
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0007-37
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0008-38
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0008-39
其中參數具有上文給出之各別含義。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,介質包含選自式II-1a至II-1g化合物之群之化合物,其中L21及L22或L23及L24二者均係F。
在另一較佳實施例中,介質包含選自式II-1a至II-1g化合物之群之化合物,其中L21、L22、L23及L24均係F。
尤佳之式II-1化合物係
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0008-40
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0008-41
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0008-42
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0009-43
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0009-44
其中R2具有上文所給出之含義。
較佳地,式II-2化合物係選自下式II-2a至II-2c化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0009-45
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0009-46
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0009-47
其中參數具有上文給出之各別含義且較佳地L21及L22二者均係F。
較佳地,式II-3化合物係選自下式II-3a至II-3e化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0010-48
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0010-49
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0010-50
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0010-51
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0010-52
其中參數具有上文給出之各別含義且較佳地L21及L22二者均係F且L23及L24二者均係H或L21、L22、L23及L24均係F。
尤佳之式II-3化合物係
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0011-53
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0011-54
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0011-55
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0011-56
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0011-57
其中R2具有上文所給出之含義。
在本發明之另一較佳實施例中,式III化合物係選自下式III-1及III-2之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0011-59
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0012-61
其中參數具有上述式III下給出之各別含義。
較佳地,式III-1化合物係選自下式III-1a及III-1b化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0012-62
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0012-63
其中參數具有上文所給出之各別含義,且參數L33及L34彼此獨立地且獨立於其他參數表示H或F。
較佳地,式III-2化合物係選自下式III-2a至III-2i化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0012-65
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0012-66
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0013-67
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0013-68
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0013-69
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0013-70
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0013-71
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0013-72
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-73
其中參數具有上文所給出之各別含義,且L35及L36彼此獨立地表示H或F。
式III-1a化合物較佳選自下式III-1a-1至III-1a-6化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-74
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-75
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-76
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-77
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-78
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0014-79
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
在另一較佳實施例中,式III-2a化合物係選自式III-2a-1至III-2a-4化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-80
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-81
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-82
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-83
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式III-2b化合物較佳選自下式III-2b-1及III-2b-2、較佳地III-2b-2化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-84
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-85
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式II-2c化合物較佳選自下式III-2c-1至III-2c-5化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0015-87
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-88
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-89
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-90
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-91
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式III-2d及III-2e化合物較佳選自下式III-2d-1及III-2e-1化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-92
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-93
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式III-2f化合物較佳選自下式III-2f-1至III-2f-7化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0016-95
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0017-96
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0017-97
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0017-98
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0017-99
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0017-100
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0017-101
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式III-2g化合物較佳選自下式III-2g-1至III-2g-5化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-102
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-103
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-104
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-105
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-106
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式III-2h化合物較佳選自下式III-2h-1至III-2h-3化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-108
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0018-109
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-111
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
式III-2i化合物較佳選自下式III-2i-1至III-2i-6化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-113
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-114
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-115
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-116
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-117
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0019-118
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
作為式III-1及/或III-2化合物之替代或補充,本發明介質可包含一或多種下式III-3化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0020-120
其中參數具有上述式III、且較佳下式III-3a下所給出之各別含義,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0020-121
其中R3具有上文所給出之含義。
較佳地,本發明之液晶介質包含一或多種較佳選自下式IV-1至IV-5化合物之群之式IV化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0020-122
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0020-123
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0020-124
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0020-125
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0021-126
其中R41及R42具有上述式IV下所給出之各別含義且在IV-1、IV-4及IV-5中,R41較佳係烷基或烯基、較佳烯基,且R42較佳係烷基或烯基、較佳烷基;在式IV-2中,R41及R42較佳係烷基,且在式IV-3中,R41較佳係烷基或烯基、較佳烷基,且R42較佳係烷基或烷氧基、較佳烷氧基。
在較佳實施例中,介質包含一或多種式IV-1化合物,其更佳地選自式CC-n-V及/或CC-nV-m之其各別子式、更佳式CC-n-V且最佳式CC-3-V。下表B中給出該等縮寫(縮寫字)之定義。
在較佳實施例中,介質包含一或多種式IV-4化合物,其更佳地選自式CCP-V-n及/或CCP-nV-m及/或CCP-Vn-m之其各別子式之、更佳式CCP-V-n及/或CCP-V2-n且最佳選自式CCP-V-1及CCP-V2-1之群。下表B中給出該等縮寫(縮寫字)之定義。
較佳地,介質包含選自式IV-1、IV-3、IV-4及IV-5化合物之群之化合物,較佳一或多種式IV-1化合物及一或多種選自式IV-3或IV-4之群之化合物。
視情況,介質可較佳地進一步包含一或多種式IV化合物,其選自下式IV-6至IV-13化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0021-127
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0021-128
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0022-129
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0022-130
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0022-131
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0022-132
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0022-133
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0022-134
其中R41及R42 彼此獨立地表示具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基且L4 表示H或F。
作為式II及/或III化合物之替代或補充,本發明介質可包含一或多種下式V化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0023-135
其中R5 係具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基,且較佳地係烷基或烯基,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0023-136
至彼此獨立地係
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0023-139
L51及L52 彼此獨立地表示H或F,較佳地L51表示F且X5 表示鹵素、具有1至3個C原子之鹵化烷基或烷氧基或具有2個或3個C原子之鹵化烯基或烯氧基,較佳地F、Cl、-OCF3或-CF3,最佳地F、Cl或-OCF3,Z5 表示-CH2CH2-、-CF2CF2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-或-CH2O-,較佳地-CH2CH2-、-COO-或反式-CH=CH-且最佳地-COO-或-CH2CH2-,且q係0或1。
較佳地,本發明介質包含一或多種式V化合物,較佳選自下式V- 1及V-2化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0024-141
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0024-142
其中參數具有上文所給出之各別含義,且參數L53及L54彼此獨立地且獨立於其他參數係H或F且較佳地Z5係-CH2-CH2-。
較佳地,式V-1化合物係選自下式V-1a及V-1b化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0024-144
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0024-146
其中R5具有上文所給出之含義。
較佳地,式V-2化合物係選自下式V-2a至V-2d化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0024-147
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0024-148
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0025-149
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0025-150
其中R5具有上文所給出之含義。
較佳地,本發明之液晶介質另外包含一或多種下式VI化合物,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0025-151
其中R61及R62 彼此獨立地具有針對上述式II下之R2所給出之含義,較佳地R61係烷基且R62係烷基或烯基,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0025-152
在每次出現時皆彼此獨立地表示 至
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0025-154
Z61及Z62 彼此獨立地且若Z61出現兩次,則該等亦彼此獨立地係-CH2CH2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-CH2O-、-CF2O-或單鍵,較佳地其中之至少一者係單鍵,且 r係0、1或2,較佳0或1。
較佳地,式VI化合物係選自下式VI-1至VI-4化合物之群,
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0026-155
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0026-156
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0026-157
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0026-158
其中R61及R62具有上述式VI下所給出之各別含義,且R61較佳係烷基且在式VI-1中,R62較佳係烯基、較佳-(CH2)2-CH=CH-CH3,且在式VI-2中,R62較佳係烯基、較佳-(CH2)2-CH=CH2,且在式VI-3及VI-4中,R62較佳係烷基。
較佳地,介質包含一或多種選自式VI-1至VI-4化合物之群之化合物,其中R61較佳係烷基且在式VI-1中,R62較佳係烯基、較佳-(CH2)2-CH=CH-CH3,且在式VI-2中,R62較佳係烯基、較佳-(CH2)2-CH=CH2,且在式VI-3及VI-4中,R62較佳係烷基。
式VI-1化合物較佳選自其子式PP-n-2Vm、更佳式PP-1-2V1。下表B中給出該等縮寫(縮寫字)之定義。
在較佳實施例中,介質包含一或多種式VI-2、更佳地其子式PGP-n-m、更佳地其子式PGP-2-m及PGP-3-m、更佳地選自式PGP-2- 2V、PGP-3-2、PGP-3-3、PGP-3-4、PGP-3-5化合物。
下表B中給出該等縮寫(縮寫字)之定義。
介質
較佳地,本發明之液晶介質包含一或多種式I、II、III及IV化合物。
上文未明確提及之其他液晶原化合物亦可視情況且有利地用於本發明介質中。該等化合物已為業內專家已知。
在589nm(NaD)及20℃下,本發明之液晶介質之△n較佳係在0.070或更大至0.145或更小之範圍內、更佳地在0.080或更大至0.140或更小之範圍內且最佳地在0.090或更大至0.135或更小之範圍內。
在1kHz及20℃下,本發明之液晶介質之△ε較佳係4或更大、更佳地6或更大且最佳地8或更大。特定而言,△ε係14或更小。
較佳地,本發明介質之向列相至少自0℃或更低延伸至70℃或更高、更佳地至少自-20℃或更低延伸至70℃或更高、最佳地至少自-30℃或更低延伸至75℃或更高且特定而言至少自-40℃或更低延伸至75℃或更高。
在本發明之第一較佳實施例中,液晶介質之△n係在0.120或更大至0.150或更小之範圍內、更佳地在0.125或更大至0.145或更小之範圍內且最佳地在0.130或更大至0.140或更小之範圍內,而△ε較佳係在3或更大至12或更小、較佳10或更小之範圍內。
在本發明之第二較佳實施例中,液晶介質之△n係在0.120或更大至0.150或更小之範圍內、更佳地在0.125或更大至0.145或更小之範圍內且最佳地在0.130或更大至0.140或更小之範圍內,而△ε較佳係在2或更大至8或更小、較佳6或更小之範圍內。
在本發明之第三較佳實施例中,液晶介質之△n係在0.085或更大至0.130或更小之範圍內、更佳地在0.090或更大至0.125或更小之範圍 內且最佳地在0.095或更大至0.120或更小之範圍內,而△ε較佳係6或更大、更佳地8或更大、甚至更佳地11或更大且最佳地在11或更大至14或更小之範圍內。
在本發明之第四較佳實施例中,液晶介質之△n係在0.090或更大至0.135或更小之範圍內、更佳地在0.095或更大至0.130或更小之範圍內且最佳地在0.110或更大至0.125或更小之範圍內,而△ε較佳係6或更大、更佳地8或更大、甚至更佳地11或更大且最佳地在11或更大至14或更小之範圍內。
介質中式I化合物之濃度較佳係在1%至20%、更佳地2%至17%且最佳地4%至15%之範圍內。
介質中式II及III化合物之總濃度較佳係在5%至65%、更佳地10%至60%且最佳地13%至50%之範圍內。
式I、II及III化合物之總濃度較佳總計係在10%至80%、更佳地15%至70%且最佳地18%至65%之範圍內。
式IV化合物之總濃度較佳係在30%至70%、更佳地35%至60%且最佳地40%至55%之範圍內。
式V化合物之總濃度係在0%至35%、更佳地1%至30%且最佳地5%至30%之範圍內。
式VI化合物之濃度係在0%至40%、較佳地2%至35%且最佳地5%至30%之範圍內。
視情況,本發明介質可進一步包含液晶化合物以調整物理性質。該等化合物為專家已知。其在本發明介質中之濃度較佳係0%至30%、更佳地0.1%至20%且最佳地1%至15%。
在較佳實施例中,介質包含一或多種式IV、更佳地式IV-1、更佳地選自式CC-n-V及/或CC-nV-m之其各別子式、更佳地式CC-n-V1及/或CC-n-V且最佳地選自式CC-3-V、CC-4-V、CC-5-V及CC-3-V1之群 之化合物。
在較佳實施例中,介質包含一或多種式II-1、較佳地式II-1a及II1-g、更佳地式II-1-g-1、較佳地選自式PGUQU-n-F之其各別子式、最佳選自式PGUQU-3-F、PGUQU-4-F及PGUQU-5-F之群之化合物。
下表B中給出該等縮寫(縮寫字)之定義。在該較佳實施例中,式IV化合物之濃度較佳係高於40%、更佳地高於42%且最佳地高於45%。
液晶介質較佳含有50%至100%、更佳70%至100%且最佳90%至100%之式I至VI且較佳式I至IV及VI之化合物。
在本申請案中,術語介電正性意指△ε>3.0之化合物或組份,介電中性意指-1.5
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0029-245
△ε
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0029-246
3.0者,且介電負性意指△ε<-1.5者。△ε係在1kHz頻率及20℃下測定。各別化合物之介電各向異性係根據各別各個化合物在向列主體混合物中之10%溶液之結果來確定。若主體混合物中各別化合物之溶解度低於10%,則濃度降至5%。測試混合物之電容係在具有垂直及均勻配向之單元二者中測定。該兩種類型單元之單元間隙為約20μm。所施加電壓係頻率為1kHz且均方根值通常為0.5V至1.0V之矩形波,然而其始終經選擇以低於各別測試混合物之電容臨限值。
△ε定義為(ε),而εav.係(ε+2 ε)/3。
對於介電正性化合物使用混合物ZLI-4792且對於介電中性以及介電負性化合物使用混合物ZLI-3086作為主體混合物,二者皆來自Merck KGaA,Germany。化合物之介電電容率係自添加所關注化合物後之主體混合物之各別值之變化來測定。將該等值外推至100%之所關注化合物之濃度。
照此量測在20℃之量測溫度下具有向列相之組份,所有其他組份皆如化合物一樣處理。
本申請案中,若非另外明確說明,否則術語臨限值電壓係指光 學臨限值且係針對10%相對對比度(V10,亦縮寫為V(10,0,20),指示垂直觀察及20℃)給出,且術語飽和電壓係指光飽和且係針對90%之相對對比度(V90,亦縮寫為V(90,0,20),指示垂直觀察及20℃)給出。電容臨限值電壓(V0)(亦稱為Freedericksz臨限值(VFr))僅在明確提及時使用。
使用下列縮寫:Vop=操作電壓;ton=接通後直至達成90%之最大對比度之時間,自10%之最大對比度量測;toff=斷開後直至達成10%之最大對比度之時間,自90%之最大對比度量測;tsum=ton+tf
除非另外明確說明,否則本申請案中所給出之參數範圍皆包括限值。
除非另有明確說明,否則在整個本申請案中,所有濃度皆係以質量百分數給出且係指各別完整混合物,所有溫度皆係以攝氏度(degrees centigrade,Celsius)給出且所有溫度差皆係以攝氏度給出。除非另外明確說明,否則所有物理性質皆已且係根據「Merck Liquid Crystals,Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals」,Status,1997年11月,Merck KGaA,Germany來測定且係針對20℃之溫度給出。光學各向異性(△n)係在589.3nm之波長下測定。介電各向異性(△ε)係在1kHz頻率下測定。臨限值電壓以及其他電光性質係使用Merck KGaA,Germany製備之測試單元來測定。用於測定△ε之測試單元具有約20μm之單元間隙。電極係面積為1.13cm2且具有保護環之圓形ITO電極。定向層係用於垂直定向(ε)之卵磷脂及來自Japan Synthetic Rubber之用於水平定向(ε)之聚醯亞胺AL-1054。電容係利用頻率反應分析器Solatron 1260使用電壓為0.3之正弦波來測定。電光量測中所 用之光係白光。所用裝備係Otsuka,Japan之市售設備。已在垂直觀察下測定特徵電壓。已分別在10%、50%及90%相對對比度下測定臨限值(V10)、中間灰度(V50)及飽和(V90)電壓。
本發明之液晶介質可含有常規濃度之其他添加劑及對掌性摻雜劑。該等其他成份之總濃度係在基於總混合物之0%至10%、較佳0.1%至6%範圍內。所用個別化合物各自之濃度較佳係在0.1%至3%範圍內。在本申請案中,該等及類似添加劑之濃度並不計入液晶介質之液晶組份及化合物之濃度值及範圍內。
本發明之發明性液晶介質係由若干種、較佳地3至30種、更佳地4至20種化合物及最佳地4至16種化合物組成。以習用方式混合該等化合物。通常,將以較少量使用之所需量的化合物溶解於以較大量使用之化合物中。在溫度高於以較高濃度使用之化合物之澄清點的情形下,尤其易於觀察到溶解過程之完成。然而,亦可藉由其他習用方式來製備介質,例如使用可為(例如)化合物之同源或共熔混合物之所謂的預混合物或使用所謂的多瓶系統,其成份自身係即用型混合物。
藉由添加適宜添加劑,本發明液晶介質可以使其可用於所有使用液晶介質本身之已知類型之液晶顯示器(例如TN-、TN-AMD、ECB-AMD、VAN-AMD、IPS及OCB LCD)中,且特定而言用於複合系統(例如PDLC、NCAP、PN LCD)中且尤其用於ASM-PA LCD中之方式經改質。
液晶之熔點T(C,N)、自層列(S)相至向列(N)相之轉變溫度T(S,N)及澄清點T(N,I)皆以攝氏度給出。
在本申請案且尤其下列實例中,液晶化合物之結構由縮寫(亦稱為縮寫字)表示。根據下列兩個表A及B將縮寫直接轉變為相應的結構。所有基團CnH2n+1及CmH2m+1分別係具有n及m個C原子之直鏈烷基。表B之解釋不言而喻。表A僅列出結構核心之縮寫。個別化合物 係由核心縮寫後緊跟連字符及指定取代基R1、R2、L1及L2之代碼表示:
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0032-159
nAm CnH2n+1 COOCmH2m+1 H H
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0033-160
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0034-161
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0034-162
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0035-163
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0036-164
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0037-165
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0038-166
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0039-167
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0040-168
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0041-169
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0042-170
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0043-171
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0043-172
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0044-173
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0045-174
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0046-175
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0047-176
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0048-177
LC介質較佳包含0重量%至10重量%、特定而言1ppm至5重量%、尤佳1ppm至1重量%之穩定劑。LC介質較佳包含一或多種選自由表C之化合物組成之群之穩定劑。
本發明之液晶介質較佳含有- 七種或更多種、較佳八種或更多種較佳具有不同式之選自表A及B之化合物之群之化合物,及/或- 一或多種、更佳兩種或更多種、較佳三種或更多種較佳具有不同式之選自表A之化合物之群之化合物,及/或- 三種或更多種、更佳四種或更多種、更佳五種或更多種較佳具有不同式之選自表B之化合物之群之化合物。
實例
下文給出之實例係說明本發明而非以任一方式限制本發明。
然而,組合物之物理性質向專家說明可達成之性質及其可修改之範圍。因此,尤其對專家充分限定可較佳達成之各種性質之組合。
實例1
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0049-178
實例2
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0049-180
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0050-181
實例3
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0050-186
實例4
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0050-185
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0051-187
實例5
實現具有下表中給出的組成及件質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0051-190
實例6
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0051-247
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0052-191
實例7
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0052-192
實例8
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0053-193
實例9
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0053-194
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0054-195
實例10
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0054-196
實例11
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0054-198
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0055-199
實例12
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0055-200
實例13
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0055-201
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0056-202
實例14
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0056-203
實例15
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0056-205
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0057-206
實例16
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0057-248
實例17
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0058-209
實例18 實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0058-210
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0059-211
實例19
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0059-212
實例20
實現具有下表中給出的組成及性質之液晶混合物。
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0059-214
Figure 105127302-A0202-12-0060-215
Figure 105127302-A0202-11-0003-4

Claims (13)

  1. 一種液晶介質,其特徵在於其包含一或多個式I化合物:
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0064-1
    其中R1 表示具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基,L1 表示H或F;以及一或多種式II-1a化合物;以及一或多種式II-1g化合物;以及視需要一或多種式III化合物,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0064-2
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0064-3
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0065-4
    其中R2及R3 彼此獨立地係具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0065-5
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0065-6
    彼此獨立地係
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0065-8
    L21、L22、L23、L24、L31及L32 彼此獨立地係H或F,X2及X3 彼此獨立地係鹵素、具有1至3個C原子之鹵化烷基或烷氧基或具有2個或3個C原子之鹵化烯基或烯氧基,Z3 係-CH2CH2-、-CF2CF2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-CH2O-或單鍵,且m及o 彼此獨立地係0或1,且其中在1kHz及20℃下,該液晶介質具有8至14之△ε。
  2. 如請求項1之液晶介質,其中式I中之L1表示H。
  3. 如請求項1之液晶介質,其中其包含一或多種式III化合物。
  4. 如請求項1之液晶介質,其中該一或多種式II-1g化合物係選自下式II-1g-1化合物,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0066-9
    其中R2之定義係如請求項1中所給出。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項之液晶介質,其中其另外包含一或多種下式IV化合物,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0066-10
    其中R41及R42彼此獨立地具有如請求項1針對R2所給出之含義,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0066-11
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0066-12
    ,彼此獨立地,且若
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0066-13
    出現兩次,則該等亦彼此獨立地係
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0066-14
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-15
    Z41及Z42 彼此獨立地,且若Z41出現兩次,則該等亦彼此獨立地表示-CH2CH2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-CH2O-、-CF2O-、-C≡C-或單鍵,且p 係0、1或2。
  6. 如請求項5之液晶介質,其中一或多種式IV化合物係選自下式IV-1至IV-5化合物之群,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-16
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-17
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-18
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-19
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-20
    其中R41及R42具有請求項5中針對式IV下所給出之各別含義。
  7. 如請求項1至4中任一項之液晶介質,其中其包含一或多種下式VI化合物,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0067-23
    其中R61及R62 彼此獨立地具有如請求項1中針對R2所給出之含義,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0068-24
    在每次出現時皆彼此獨立地表示至
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0068-25
    Z61及Z62 彼此獨立地表示-CH2CH2-、-COO-、反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-CH2O-、-CF2O-、-C≡C-或單鍵,且r 係0、1或2。
  8. 如請求項7之液晶介質,其中一或多種式VI化合物係選自下式VI-1至VI-4化合物之群,
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0068-26
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0068-27
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0069-28
    Figure 105127302-A0305-02-0069-29
    其中R61及R62具有請求項7中針對式VI下所給出之各別含義。
  9. 如請求項1至4中任一項之液晶介質,其中該等式I化合物在該介質中之總濃度係在1%至20%範圍內。
  10. 一種用於製備如請求項1之液晶介質之方法,其特徵在於將一或多種式I化合物與一或多種式II-1a化合物及與一或多種式II-1g化合物,以及視需要與一或多種式III化合物混合,且視情況添加一或多種添加劑及/或一或多種穩定劑。
  11. 一種液晶顯示器,其特徵在於其包含如請求項1至9中任一項之液晶介質。
  12. 如請求項11之液晶顯示器,其中其係藉由主動矩陣定址。
  13. 一種如請求項1至9中任一項之液晶介質之用途,其用於液晶顯示器中。
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