TWI705848B - 脫硝裝置及具備此裝置之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法 - Google Patents

脫硝裝置及具備此裝置之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法 Download PDF

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TWI705848B
TWI705848B TW108104549A TW108104549A TWI705848B TW I705848 B TWI705848 B TW I705848B TW 108104549 A TW108104549 A TW 108104549A TW 108104549 A TW108104549 A TW 108104549A TW I705848 B TWI705848 B TW I705848B
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ammonia
gas
injection device
denitration
turbine
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廣田顕
石川勘治
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日商三菱日立電力系統股份有限公司
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Abstract

[課題]目的在於可穩定地將稀釋用空氣供給至氨注入裝置,可抑制從燃氣輪機排出的排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況,可防止氨注入裝置內之碳酸銨的產生、堆積所致之氨注入裝置的堵塞。 [解決手段]脫硝裝置(20),其具備:通道(22),其從具有壓縮機(52)與渦輪機(56)的燃氣輪機(50)之渦輪機(52)來使排氣氣體導引流通;氨注入裝置(24),其將氨氣與稀釋用空氣的混合氣體散佈至通道(22);以及脫硝觸媒(26),其在通道(22)內被設置在氨注入裝置(24)之排氣氣體流動的下游;還具備抽氣管線(76),其連接於燃氣輪機(50)之壓縮機(52)的低壓縮部,將從壓縮機(52)抽氣的空氣作為稀釋用空氣來供給至氨注入裝置(24)。

Description

脫硝裝置及具備此裝置之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法
本發明,是關於脫硝裝置及具備此裝置之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法。
在燃氣輪機複合發電廠中,為了將從燃氣輪機排出且被導引至廢熱回收鍋爐(HRSG; Heat Recovery Steam Generator)的排氣氣體所含有的氮氧化物(NOx)予以除去,是在排氣氣體流通的通道途中,設有脫硝裝置,其在氣體流動的流動方向具有:將氨稀釋氣體散佈至排氣氣體中的氨注入裝置(AIG; Ammonia Injection Grid)與脫硝觸媒。排氣氣體所含有的氮氧化物(NOx),是藉由脫硝觸媒而與氨稀釋氣體中的氨發生脫硝反應而被除去。
於氨注入裝置,為了散佈氨稀釋氣體,是使氨注入裝置內的壓力維持在比通道內的壓力還要高的壓力,並且有必要供給空氣來將所散佈的氨稀釋氣體稀釋至適合脫硝反應的濃度。
於專利文獻1,揭示有:由壓縮機的高壓縮部來將一部分的空氣予以抽氣,以滿足氨水氣化之必要條件的方式,來進行壓力調整(減壓)及溫度調整之後,與氨水混合來供給至廢熱回收鍋爐的方法。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利第4187894號公報
[發明所欲解決的課題]
且,作為與專利文獻1所揭示的方法不同的方法之例,有著由專用的風扇所吹送的空氣來稀釋氨氣,並使氨注入裝置內的壓力維持在比通道內的排氣氣體還高的壓力的方法。
在專利文獻1所揭示的方法中,為了使氨水氣化,有必要從壓縮機的高壓縮部抽取高溫的空氣。但是,根據專利文獻1,為了使氨水氣化,有必要將空氣的壓力調整為0.2atm,有著將被壓縮機壓縮過的空氣予以減壓的麻煩,而且將空氣壓縮成必要以上的情況,有著使用於該壓縮的能量就這樣直接成為損失之虞。
且,在藉由風扇來吹送空氣的方法中,在因某種理由而成為無法使用風扇之狀態的情況,氨注入裝置內的壓力會變得比通道內的壓力還低,而有著在通道內流通的排氣氣體流入至氨注入裝置內之虞。若產生排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的話,排氣氣體中的二氧化碳與氨注入裝置內的氨會反應,而產生碳酸銨,因碳酸銨的堆積而有著氨注入裝置(特別是噴射氨氣的噴嘴內部)堵塞之虞。
本發明是有鑑於這種狀況而完成者,其目的在於提供脫硝裝置及具備此之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法,可穩定地將稀釋用空氣供給至氨注入裝置,抑制在通道內流通的排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況,可防止碳酸銨的產生所導致之氨注入裝置內的堵塞。 [用以解決課題的手段]
為了解決上述課題,本發明的脫硝裝置及具備此之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法是採用以下的手段。 亦即,本發明之一態樣的脫硝裝置,是具備:通道,其從具有壓縮機與渦輪機的燃氣輪機之前述渦輪機來使排氣氣體導引流通;氨注入裝置,其將氨氣與稀釋用空氣混合後的氨混合氣體散佈至前述通道內;以及脫硝觸媒,其在前述通道內被設置在前述氨注入裝置之前述排氣氣體流動的下游側,藉由前述排氣氣體與前述氨混合氣體來進行脫硝反應;還具備抽氣管線,其連接於前述壓縮機的低壓縮部,將從前述壓縮機抽氣的低壓縮空氣作為前述稀釋用空氣來供給至前述氨注入裝置。
本態樣的脫硝裝置,是具備抽氣管線,其連接於燃氣輪機之壓縮機的低壓縮部,將從壓縮機(低壓縮部)抽氣的低壓縮空氣作為稀釋用空氣來供給至氨注入裝置。藉此,即使沒有另外設置用來供給與氨氣混合之稀釋用空氣(使氨氣稀釋至適合脫硝反應的濃度並送氣用的空氣)的風扇,亦可從壓縮機的低壓縮部(例如從吸氣側的第1~3段)通過抽氣管線來將幾乎常溫且低壓縮的稀釋用空氣供給至氨注入裝置。藉此,通過抽氣管線來將幾乎常溫且低壓縮的稀釋用空氣以幾乎固定量來穩定地供給。藉此,在燃氣輪機的運作中,經常使氨注入裝置內的壓力維持在比通道內之排氣氣體的壓力還要高,可抑制從燃氣輪機所排出的排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況。由於流入被抑制,藉此可防止氨注入裝置內之碳酸銨的產生、堆積所致之氨注入裝置內,特別是噴射氨氣的噴嘴內部的堵塞。且,由於沒有另外設置吹送稀釋用空氣的風扇,故風扇之驅動所需的電源、動力線、控制機器等之周邊機器就不需要,可刪減設備成本及運轉成本。 且,稀釋用空氣,是用來稀釋氨氣者,只要從壓縮機的低壓縮部抽取幾乎常溫的低壓縮空氣即可,沒有必要從壓縮機的高壓縮部抽取高溫的稀釋用空氣。也就是說,沒有必要為了將被壓縮機壓縮成高壓的空氣作為稀釋用空氣來使用時使其減壓,並不是將以壓縮機運作壓縮成高壓空氣之後的高壓空氣予以抽氣來使用,故可降低能量損失。
且,本發明之一態樣的脫硝裝置中,前述抽氣管線,具有在運轉中成為固定開度的限流器。
本態樣的脫硝裝置中,抽氣管線,具備在燃氣輪機的運轉中成為固定開度的限流器。稀釋用空氣的供給中,是使限流器的開度成為固定開度,藉此就不需要限流器的開度控制,不需要因應排氣氣體的流量來進行調整限流器之開度的控制。例如,將限流器的開度設定成流通有:使藉由稀釋用空氣來稀釋氨氣而成的氨混合氣體之氨濃度成為既定範圍內的稀釋用空氣之流量。因燃氣輪機的運轉負載而使排氣氣體的流量與氨氣的流量在既定的比率範圍增減,亦對應此而增減地供給脫硝反應所必要的氨,故不用管排氣氣體的流量,可在相同之限流器的開度來運用。也就是說,在燃氣輪機的運轉中,不進行限流器之開度的控制便可經常供給適量的稀釋用空氣。亦即,不進行限流器之開度的控制,便可將氨氣與稀釋用空氣的氨混合氣體適當地散佈於通道內。
且,本發明之一態樣的廢熱回收鍋爐,具備前述脫硝裝置、以及設在前述通道內的熱交換器。
根據本態樣的廢熱回收鍋爐,即使不另外設置供給稀釋用空氣用的風扇,亦可穩定地將稀釋用空氣供給至氨注入裝置。藉此,在通道內具備熱交換器與脫硝裝置的廢熱回收鍋爐,是使氨注入裝置內的壓力維持在比由燃氣輪機的渦輪機所導引而流通在廢熱回收鍋爐的脫硝裝置內之排氣氣體的壓力還高,藉此可抑制排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況,可防止氨注入裝置內之碳酸銨的產生、堆積所致之氨注入裝置的堵塞。
且,本發明之一態樣的燃氣輪機複合發電廠,具備前述脫硝裝置、前述燃氣輪機、以及與前述燃氣輪機旋轉連結的發電機。
根據本態樣的燃氣輪機複合發電廠,壓縮機是藉由燃氣輪機來旋轉驅動,故在燃氣輪機停止而沒有排出排氣氣體時,壓縮機亦連動地停止,不會供給氨混合氣體,故可使氨注入裝置的控制簡便化。例如,在藉由風扇供給稀釋用空氣的情況,有必要對應於燃氣輪機的停止來進行使風扇停止的控制。 且,在發電時,是不管燃氣輪機的運轉負載而使壓縮機的旋轉數成為固定,故可從壓縮機的低壓縮部往氨注入裝置,通過抽氣管線來將幾乎常溫且低壓縮的稀釋用空氣以幾乎固定量來穩定地供給。藉此,可使氨注入裝置內的壓力維持在比通道內之排氣氣體的壓力還高。於是,可抑制從燃氣輪機排出的排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況,可防止氨注入裝置內之碳酸銨的產生、堆積所致之氨注入裝置的堵塞。
且,本發明之一態樣的脫硝方法,是脫硝裝置的脫硝方法,其具備:通道,其從具有壓縮機與渦輪機的燃氣輪機之前述渦輪機來使排氣氣體導引流通;氨注入裝置,其將氨氣與稀釋用空氣混合後的氨混合氣體散佈至前述通道內;以及脫硝觸媒,其在前述通道內被設置在前述氨注入裝置之排氣氣體流動的下游側,藉由前述排氣氣體與前述氨混合氣體來進行脫硝反應;前述脫硝裝置,具備抽氣管線,其連接於前述壓縮機的低壓縮部,通過前述抽氣管線,將從前述壓縮機抽氣的低壓縮空氣作為前述稀釋用空氣來供給至前述氨注入裝置。
可提供脫硝方法,其即使不另外設置供給稀釋用空氣用的風扇,亦可穩定地將稀釋用空氣供給至氨注入裝置,可抑制排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況,可防止氨注入裝置內之碳酸銨的產生、堆積所致之氨注入裝置的堵塞。且,即使對於既有設備亦可用簡便的施工來採用本態樣的脫硝方法。 [發明的效果]
根據本發明的脫硝裝置及具備此之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法,可穩定地將稀釋用空氣供給至氨注入裝置,抑制在通道內流通的排氣氣體往氨注入裝置內流入的情況,可防止碳酸銨的產生所導致之氨注入裝置內的堵塞。
以下,使用圖1至3來說明本發明的一實施形態。
首先,採用本發明之幾個實施形態之一實施例的脫硝裝置來說明適合的燃氣輪機複合發電廠。 於圖1,表示出具備本實施形態之脫硝裝置20的燃氣輪機複合發電廠之主要部。
圖1的燃氣輪機複合發電廠,作為主要部具備燃氣輪機50、發電機90、廢熱回收鍋爐10。
燃氣輪機50,具備壓縮機52、燃燒器54、渦輪機56,壓縮機52與渦輪機56與發電機90,是藉由旋轉軸58來連結。
於燃燒器54,連接有從壓縮機52出口供給壓縮空氣的壓縮空氣供給管線70,並連接有對燃燒器54供給燃燒用之燃料的燃料供給管線71,且,連接有從燃燒器54出口往渦輪機56供給燃燒氣體的燃燒氣體供給管線72。
在燃燒器54,將由壓縮機52所供給的壓縮空氣與由燃料供給管線71所供給的燃料予以混合來燃燒藉此產生高壓高溫的燃燒氣體,並將產生的燃燒氣體朝向渦輪機56供給。而且,渦輪機56,是使所供給之燃燒氣體膨脹藉此使旋轉軸58旋轉驅動,來使壓縮機52及發電機90旋轉驅動。
廢熱回收鍋爐10,具備通道22。而且,於通道22,連接有排氣氣體排出管線74,其導引從燃氣輪機50(渦輪機56)排出的燃燒氣體(排氣氣體)。此外,於通道22,從排氣氣體流動的上游側(圖1所示的左側)依序具備熱交換器12、脫硝裝置20,進一步在排氣氣體流動的下游側設置其他的熱交換器亦可。
廢熱回收鍋爐10,是在供給至熱交換器12的供水與燃氣輪機50(渦輪機56)的排氣氣體之間進行熱交換,藉此產生蒸氣。且,在通道22內流通的排氣氣體,是在熱交換器12進行熱交換之後,在脫硝裝置20去除排氣氣體所含有的有害物質(氮氧化物),使被淨化且被熱回收而溫度降低後的排氣氣體,從連接於廢熱回收鍋爐10之排氣氣體流動之下游側的煙囪(未圖示)排放至大氣。
接著,針對本實施形態的脫硝裝置進行說明。 圖1所示的脫硝裝置20,是設置在廢熱回收鍋爐10內部,成為使排氣氣體通過脫硝觸媒26的構造,且從排氣氣體流動的上游側依序具備氨注入裝置24、脫硝觸媒26。
於氨注入裝置24,連接有:供給氨氣的氨氣管線40;以及稀釋用空氣管線76,其供給空氣(稀釋用空氣)來將氨氣稀釋成適合脫硝反應的濃度。於氨氣管線40設置有閥42,可調節氨氣的流量。
稀釋用空氣管線76與氨氣管線40是在合流部X合流,藉由稀釋用空氣管線76所供給的稀釋用空氣、以及藉由氨氣管線40所供給的氨氣,是在合流部X混合而成為氨混合氣體(參照圖2),並供給至氨注入裝置24。
氨混合氣體,是從氨注入裝置24藉由噴射氨氣的噴嘴(圖示省略)來散佈至通道22內。所散佈的氨混合氣體,是與在通道內流通的排氣氣體混合,並通過設在氨注入裝置24之下游側的脫硝觸媒26。
脫硝觸媒26,是使用選擇性催化還原法(SCR; Selective Catalytic Reduction),例如在氧化鈦(TiO2 ) 等所形成的載體,載持鎢、鉬、釩等之活性金屬而成者。使與氨混合氣體混合的排氣氣體通過脫硝觸媒26,藉此由化學反應,來將排氣氣體中的氮氧化物(NOx)分解成不會造成環境負荷的氮或水蒸氣。
本實施形態中,供給稀釋用空氣的稀釋用空氣管線76,是成為連接於燃氣輪機50之壓縮機52之低壓縮部的抽氣管線76。亦即,透過抽氣管線76供給至氨注入裝置24的稀釋用空氣,是從壓縮機52的低壓縮部(例如從吸氣側數來第1~3段)所抽氣的壓縮空氣。在壓縮機52的運轉中(例如3600rpm左右的固定旋轉),所抽氣的壓縮空氣,例如為表壓9kPa以上15kPa以下、50℃以下的低壓縮空氣。
根據本實施形態,發揮出以下的效果。 在於通道22流通有排氣氣體的燃氣輪機50之運轉中,可從壓縮機52的低壓縮部通過抽氣管線76來將幾乎常溫且低壓縮的稀釋用空氣以幾乎固定量來穩定地供給至合流部X。藉此,使氨注入裝置24內的壓力維持成比通道22內的壓力還高,可抑制從燃氣輪機50(渦輪機56)排出的排氣氣體往氨注入裝置24內流入的情況,可防止氨注入裝置24內之碳酸銨的產生、堆積所致之氨注入裝置24(特別是噴射氨氣的噴嘴內部)的堵塞。且,由於沒有另外設置用來供給稀釋用空氣之專用的風扇,故風扇之驅動所需的電源、動力線、控制機器等之周邊機器就不需要,可刪減設備成本或運轉成本。 且,稀釋用空氣,是僅用來稀釋氨氣者,只要從壓縮機52的低壓縮部抽取幾乎常溫的空氣即可,沒有必要從壓縮機52的高壓縮部抽取高溫的空氣。也就是說,沒有必要為了將被壓縮機52壓縮成高壓的空氣作為稀釋用空氣來使用時使其減壓,可降低壓縮機52在使用於空氣之壓縮的能量損失。 且,由於為簡便的構造,故可容易地對於既有設備施工本實施形態的脫硝裝置20,可容易進行改造工程。
接著,針對本發明之幾個實施形態之其他實施形態的脫硝裝置進行說明。 本實施形態的脫硝裝置20,與前述實施形態相比之下在具備限流器78這點有所不同,在其他點則相同。於是,只針對與前述實施形態不同的點進行說明,其他則使用相同符號而省略其說明。
在圖3所示之與脫硝裝置20所具備的氨注入裝置24連接的抽氣管線76,設有限流器78,且在限流器78之稀釋用空氣流動之下游側設有流量監視用的流量計80。
限流器78,是在燃氣輪機50的運轉中不論燃氣輪機50的運轉負載其開度都設定為固定。例如,限流器78的開度,是設定成流通有:使燃氣輪機50之運轉中之氨混合氣體的氨濃度成為既定範圍內的稀釋用空氣之流量。由於使限流器78的開度成為固定,故在燃氣輪機50的運轉負載變化時,若壓縮機52的旋轉數為固定的話,稀釋用空氣的流量是幾乎成為固定。對應於此,當燃氣輪機50的運轉負載變化時,因應運轉負載而在閥42調節氨氣的流量,藉此使排氣氣體與氨氣之流量的比保持在固定或是既定範圍內。
又,氨混合氣體之氨濃度的既定範圍,是從氨氣之流量設定的範圍來選擇亦可。亦即,既定範圍的上限值,例如是在燃氣輪機50的最高負載運轉時使排氣氣體流量與氨供給量成為最大,將此時的氨濃度設定成比氨之爆炸範圍的下限值還小的值,而可安全地管理亦可。既定範圍的下限值,例如是在燃氣輪機50的最低負載運轉時使排氣氣體流量與氨供給量成為最小,將此時的氨濃度,設定成適當進行脫硝反應之下限值以上的值亦可。藉此,對於燃氣輪機50之運轉負載的變化,來設定氨混合氣體之氨濃度的下限值與上限值,並將其間因應燃氣輪機50的運轉負載,以閥42來調節補償氨氣的流量,藉此將氨混合氣體的氨濃度保持在適當的範圍亦可。在燃氣輪機50的運轉中,於燃氣輪機50之某運轉負載的稀釋用空氣流量是幾乎為固定。因此,將限流器78設定成固定開度來流通有使氨混合氣體的氨濃度成為既定範圍內的稀釋用空氣之流量,藉此使脫硝反應所必要的氨量在可安全管理的濃度下來供給氨混合氣體,故沒有必要在燃氣輪機50的運轉中以限流器78來調整稀釋用空氣的流量。
根據本實施形態,發揮出以下的效果。 使限流器78的開度成為固定開度,藉此就不需要燃氣輪機50之運轉中之限流器78的開度控制,不需要因應排氣氣體的流量來進行調整限流器78之開度而調整稀釋用空氣之流量的控制。也就是說,將限流器78的開度設定成固定開度,藉此在燃氣輪機50的運轉中,不進行限流器78之開度的控制便可經常供給適量的稀釋用空氣。亦即,不進行限流器78之開度的控制,便可將混合氨氣與稀釋用空氣後的氨混合氣體適當地散佈於通道22內。
10‧‧‧廢熱回收鍋爐 12‧‧‧熱交換器 20‧‧‧脫硝裝置 22‧‧‧通道 24‧‧‧氨注入裝置 26‧‧‧脫硝觸媒 40‧‧‧氨氣管線 42‧‧‧閥 50‧‧‧燃氣輪機 52‧‧‧壓縮機 54‧‧‧燃燒器 56‧‧‧渦輪機 58‧‧‧旋轉軸 70‧‧‧壓縮空氣供給管線 71‧‧‧燃料供給管線 72‧‧‧燃燒氣體供給管線 74‧‧‧排氣氣體排出管線 76‧‧‧抽氣管線(稀釋用空氣管線) 78‧‧‧限流器 80‧‧‧流量計 90‧‧‧發電機
圖1為表示具備本發明之幾個實施形態之一實施例之脫硝裝置的燃氣輪機複合發電廠之主要部的概略圖。 圖2為圖1之X部的擴大圖。 圖3為表示具備本發明之幾個實施形態之其他實施例之脫硝裝置的燃氣輪機複合發電廠之主要部的概略圖。
10‧‧‧廢熱回收鍋爐
12‧‧‧熱交換器
20‧‧‧脫硝裝置
22‧‧‧通道
24‧‧‧氨注入裝置
26‧‧‧脫硝觸媒
40‧‧‧氨氣管線
42‧‧‧閥
50‧‧‧燃氣輪機
52‧‧‧壓縮機
54‧‧‧燃燒器
56‧‧‧渦輪機
58‧‧‧旋轉軸
70‧‧‧壓縮空氣供給管線
71‧‧‧燃料供給管線
72‧‧‧燃燒氣體供給管線
74‧‧‧排氣氣體排出管線
76‧‧‧抽氣管線(稀釋用空氣管線)
90‧‧‧發電機

Claims (4)

  1. 一種脫硝裝置,其具備:通道,其從具有壓縮機與渦輪機的燃氣輪機之前述渦輪機來使排氣氣體導引流通;氨注入裝置,其將氨氣與稀釋用空氣混合後的氨混合氣體散佈至前述通道內;脫硝觸媒,其在前述通道內被設置在前述氨注入裝置之前述排氣氣體流動的下游側,藉由前述排氣氣體與前述氨混合氣體來進行脫硝反應;以及抽氣管線,其連接於前述壓縮機的低壓縮部,將從前述壓縮機抽氣的低壓縮空氣作為前述稀釋用空氣來供給至前述氨注入裝置;前述抽氣管線,具有在運轉中被固定成為固定開度的限流器,前述氨混合氣體的濃度,是藉由前述氨氣的流量來調節。
  2. 一種廢熱回收鍋爐,其具備:請求項1所述之脫硝裝置、以及設在前述通道內的熱交換器。
  3. 一種燃氣輪機複合發電廠,其具備:請求項1所述之脫硝裝置、 前述燃氣輪機、以及與前述燃氣輪機旋轉連結的發電機。
  4. 一種脫硝裝置的脫硝方法,其具備:通道,其從具有壓縮機與渦輪機的燃氣輪機之前述渦輪機來使排氣氣體導引流通;氨注入裝置,其將氨氣與稀釋用空氣混合後的氨混合氣體散佈至前述通道內;脫硝觸媒,其在前述通道內被設置在前述氨注入裝置之前述排氣氣體流動的下游側,藉由前述排氣氣體與前述氨混合氣體來進行脫硝反應;以及抽氣管線,其連接於前述壓縮機的低壓縮部,將從前述壓縮機抽氣的低壓縮空氣作為前述稀釋用空氣來供給至前述氨注入裝置;前述抽氣管線,具有在運轉中被固定成為固定開度的限流器,前述氨混合氣體的濃度,是藉由前述氨氣的流量來調節。
TW108104549A 2018-02-16 2019-02-12 脫硝裝置及具備此裝置之廢熱回收鍋爐、燃氣輪機複合發電廠以及脫硝方法 TWI705848B (zh)

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