CN111727306A - 脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法 - Google Patents

脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法 Download PDF

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CN111727306A
CN111727306A CN201980012966.8A CN201980012966A CN111727306A CN 111727306 A CN111727306 A CN 111727306A CN 201980012966 A CN201980012966 A CN 201980012966A CN 111727306 A CN111727306 A CN 111727306A
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ammonia
gas
denitration
injection device
turbine
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广田显
石川勘治
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Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd
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Abstract

目的在于:能够向氨注入装置稳定地供给稀释用空气,抑制从燃气轮机排出的废气向氨注入装置内流入而防止由氨注入装置内的碳酸铵的产生、堆积引起的氨注入装置的阻塞。具备:管道(22),从具有压缩机(52)和涡轮机(56)的燃气轮机(50)的涡轮机(56)引导废气并使该废气流通;氨注入装置(24),将氨气与稀释用空气的混合气体向管道(22)内散布;及脱硝催化剂(26),在管道(22)内设置于氨注入装置(24)的废气流下游,具备抽气管线(76),该抽气管线(76)连接于燃气轮机(50)的压缩机(52)的低压缩部,将从压缩机(52)抽取出的空气作为稀释用空气而向氨注入装置(24)供给。

Description

脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合 发电设备以及脱硝方法
技术领域
本公开涉及脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法。
背景技术
在燃气轮机复合发电设备中,为了除去从燃气轮机排出并被引导到废热回收锅炉(HRSG;Heat Recovery Steam Generator)的废气中包含的氮氧化物(NOx),在废气流通的管道的中途设置有脱硝装置,该脱硝装置在气流的流动方向上具有向废气中散布氨稀释气体的氨注入装置(AIG;Ammonia Injection Grid)和脱硝催化剂。废气中包含的氮氧化物(NOx)通过脱硝催化剂而与氨稀释气体中的氨发生脱硝反应从而被除去。
对于氨注入装置,需要供给为了散布氨稀释气体而将氨注入装置内的压力维持为比管道内的压力高的压力并且用于将散布的氨稀释气体稀释成适合于脱硝反应的浓度的空气。
在专利文献1中公开了以下的方法:从压缩机的高压缩部抽取一部分空气,以满足使氨水气化所需的条件的方式进行压力调整(减压)及温度调整后,与氨水混合并向废热回收锅炉供给。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4187894号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
另外,作为与专利文献1所公开的方法不同的方法的例子,存在以下的方法:利用从专用的风扇吹送的空气来稀释氨气,并且将氨注入装置内的压力维持为比管道内的废气高的压力。
在专利文献1所公开的方法中,为了使氨水气化,需要从压缩机的高压缩部抽取高温的空气。但是,根据专利文献1,为了使氨水气化,需要将空气的压力调整成0.2atm,会花费对由压缩机压缩后的空气进行减压的工夫,而且,在将空气以必要程度以上进行了压缩的情况下,在该压缩中使用的能量可能会直接损失。
另外,在利用风扇来吹送空气的方法中,在因某些理由而风扇成为了无法使用的状态的情况下,氨注入装置内的压力变得比管道内的压力低,在管道内流通的废气可能会向氨注入装置内流入。若产生废气向氨注入装置内的流入,则废气中的二氧化碳和氨注入装置内的氨反应而产生碳酸铵,可能会因碳酸铵的堆积而导致氨注入装置(尤其是喷射氨气的喷嘴内部)阻塞。
本公开鉴于这样的情况而完成,其目的在于,提供能够向氨注入装置稳定地供给稀释用空气且能够抑制在管道内流通的废气向氨注入装置内流入而防止由碳酸铵的产生引起的氨注入装置内的阻塞的脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法。
用于解决课题的手段
为了解决上述课题,本公开的脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法采用以下的手段。
即,本公开的一方案的脱硝装置具备:管道,从具有压缩机和涡轮机的燃气轮机的所述涡轮机引导废气并使该废气流通;氨注入装置,将氨气与稀释用空气混合后的氨混合气体向所述管道内散布;及脱硝催化剂,在所述管道内设置于所述氨注入装置的所述废气流的下游侧,利用所述废气和所述氨混合气体来进行脱硝反应,所述脱硝装置具备抽气管线,该抽气管线连接于所述压缩机的低压缩部,将从所述压缩机抽取出的低压缩空气作为所述稀释用空气而向所述氨注入装置供给。
本方案的脱硝装置具备抽气管线,该抽气管线连接于燃气轮机的压缩机的低压缩部,将从压缩机(低压缩部)抽取出的低压缩空气作为稀释用空气而向氨注入装置供给。由此,即使不另外设置用于供给与氨气混合的稀释用空气(用于将氨气稀释成适合于脱硝反应的浓度并进行输送的空气)的风扇,也能够从压缩机的低压缩部(例如,从进气侧起的第1~3级)通过抽气管线而向氨注入装置供给大致常温且低压缩的稀释用空气。由此,能够通过抽气管线而将大致常温且低压缩的稀释用空气以大致恒定量稳定地供给。由此,在燃气轮机的工作中,通过始终将氨注入装置内的压力维持得比管道内的废气的压力高,能够抑制从燃气轮机排出的废气向氨注入装置内流入。通过抑制流入,能够防止由氨注入装置内的碳酸铵的产生、堆积引起的氨注入装置内(尤其是喷射氨气的喷嘴内部)的阻塞。另外,由于无需另外设置吹送稀释用空气的风扇,所以不需要风扇的驱动所需的电源、动力线、控制设备等周边设备,能够削减设备成本及运行成本。
另外,稀释用空气用于稀释氨气,从压缩机的低压缩部抽取大致常温的低压缩空气即可,无需从压缩机的高压缩部抽取高温的稀释用空气。也就是说,无需为了将由压缩机压缩成高压后的空气作为稀释用空气使用而使该空气减压,不抽取并使用在压缩机中以成为高压空气的方式进行了做功的高压空气,因此能够减少能量损失。
另外,在本公开的一方案的脱硝装置中,所述抽气管线具备在运转中被设为恒定开度的阻尼器。
在本方案的脱硝装置中,抽气管线具备在燃气轮机的运转中被设为恒定开度的阻尼器。在稀释用空气的供给中,通过使阻尼器的开度成为恒定开度(固定开度),不需要阻尼器的开度控制,无需进行根据废气的流量来调整阻尼器的开度之类的控制。例如,以使由稀释用空气稀释氨气而得到的氨混合气体的氨浓度成为规定的范围内的稀释用空气的流量流通的方式设定阻尼器的开度。在燃气轮机的运转负荷下废气的流量和氨气的流量在规定的比率的范围内增减,根据此而脱硝反应所需的氨也增减并供给,因此,能够不管废气的流量如何都以相同的阻尼器的开度运用。也就是说,能够在燃气轮机的运转中不进行阻尼器的开度的控制而始终供给适量的稀释用空气。即,能够不进行阻尼器的开度的控制而将氨气与稀释用空气的氨混合气体合适地向管道内散布。
另外,本公开的一方案的废热回收锅炉具备前述的脱硝装置和设置于所述管道内的热交换器。
根据本方案的废热回收锅炉,即使不另外设置用于供给稀释用空气的风扇,也能够向氨注入装置稳定地供给稀释用空气。由此,在管道内具备热交换器和脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉通过将氨注入装置内的压力维持为比从燃气轮机的涡轮机引导且在废热回收锅炉中流通的脱硝装置内的废气的压力高,能够抑制废气向氨注入装置内流入,能够防止由氨注入装置内的碳酸铵的产生、堆积引起的氨注入装置的阻塞。
另外,本公开的一方案的燃气轮机复合发电设备具备前述的脱硝装置、所述燃气轮机及与所述燃气轮机旋转连结的发电机。
根据本方案的燃气轮机复合发电设备,压缩机由燃气轮机驱动旋转,因此,在燃气轮机停止而不排出废气时,压缩机也联动而停止,不供给氨混合气体,因此能够将氨注入装置的控制简便化。例如,在利用风扇来供给稀释用空气的情况下,需要进行与燃气轮机的停止对应地使风扇停止的控制。
另外,在发电时,不管燃气轮机的运转负荷如何压缩机的转速都被设为恒定,因此能够从压缩机的低压缩部向氨注入装置通过抽气管线而将大致常温且低压缩的稀释用空气以大致恒定量稳定地供给。由此,氨注入装置内的压力被维持为比管道内的废气的压力高。因此,能够抑制从燃气轮机排出的废气向氨注入装置内流入,能够防止由氨注入装置内的碳酸铵的产生、堆积引起的氨注入装置的阻塞。
另外,本公开的一方案的脱硝方法是脱硝装置的脱硝方法,该脱硝装置具备:管道,从具有压缩机和涡轮机的燃气轮机的所述涡轮机引导废气且使该废气流通;氨注入装置,将氨气和稀释用空气混合后的氨混合气体向所述管道内散布;及脱硝催化剂,在所述管道内设置于所述氨注入装置的废气流的下游侧,利用所述废气和所述氨混合气体来进行脱硝反应,其中,所述脱硝装置具备连接于所述压缩机的低压缩部的抽气管线,通过所述抽气管线而将从所述压缩机抽取出的低压缩空气作为所述稀释用空气向所述氨注入装置供给。
能够提供“即使不另外设置用于供给稀释用空气的风扇,也能够向氨注入装置稳定地供给稀释用空气,能够抑制废气向氨注入装置内流入而防止由氨注入装置内的碳酸铵的产生、堆积引起的氨注入装置的阻塞”的脱硝方法。另外,即使对于现有设备,也能够通过简便的施工而采用本方案的脱硝方法。
发明效果
根据本公开的脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法,能够向氨注入装置稳定地供给稀释用空气,能够抑制在管道内流通的废气向氨注入装置内流入而防止由碳酸铵的产生引起的氨注入装置内的阻塞。
附图说明
图1是示出了具备本公开的一些实施方式的一实施例的脱硝装置的燃气轮机复合发电设备的主要部分的概略图。
图2是图1中的X部的放大图。
图3是示出了具备本公开的一些实施方式的其他实施例的脱硝装置的燃气轮机复合发电设备的主要部分的概略图。
具体实施方式
以下,使用图1~3对本公开的一实施方式进行说明。
首先,对适合采用本公开的一些实施方式的一实施例的脱硝装置的燃气轮机复合发电设备进行说明。
在图1中,示出了具备本实施方式的脱硝装置20的燃气轮机复合发电设备的主要部分。
图1的燃气轮机复合发电设备具备燃气轮机50、发电机90、废热回收锅炉10作为主要部分。
燃气轮机50具备压缩机52、燃烧器54、涡轮机56,压缩机52、涡轮机56及发电机90由旋转轴58连结。
在燃烧器54连接有从压缩机52出口供给压缩空气的压缩空气供给管线70,并且连接有向燃烧器54供给燃烧用的燃料的燃料供给管线71,另外,连接有从燃烧器54出口向涡轮机56供给燃烧气体的燃烧气体供给管线72。
在燃烧器54中,通过使从压缩机52供给的压缩空气和从燃料供给管线71供给的燃料混合并燃烧来产生高压高温的燃烧气体,将产生的燃烧气体朝向涡轮机56供给。并且,涡轮机56通过使供给来的燃烧气体膨胀而使旋转轴58旋转驱动,从而使压缩机52及发电机90旋转驱动。
废热回收锅炉10具备管道22。并且,在管道22连接有引导从燃气轮机50(涡轮机56)排出后的燃烧气体(废气)的废气排出管线74。而且,在管道22从废气流的上游侧(图1所示的左侧)起依次设置有热交换器12、脱硝装置20,也可以进一步在废气流的下游侧设置别的热交换器。
废热回收锅炉10通过在供给到热交换器12的供水与燃气轮机50(涡轮机56)的废气之间进行热交换来生成蒸汽。另外,在管道22内流通的废气在热交换器12处热交换后,由脱硝装置20除去废气中包含的有害物质(氮氧化物),被净化并且被回收热而温度下降后的废气从连接于废热回收锅炉10的废气流的下游侧的烟筒(未图示)向大气放出。
接着,对本实施方式的脱硝装置进行说明。
图1所示的脱硝装置20设置于废热回收锅炉10内部,被设为废气通过脱硝催化剂26的构造,从废气流的上游侧起依次具备氨注入装置24、脱硝催化剂26。
在氨注入装置24连接有供给氨气的氨气管线40和供给用于将氨气稀释成适合于脱硝反应的浓度的空气(稀释用空气)的稀释用空气管线76。在氨气管线40设置有阀42,能够调节氨气的流量。
稀释用空气管线76和氨气管线40在汇合部X处汇合,由稀释用空气管线76供给的稀释用空气和由氨气管线40供给的氨气通过在汇合部X处混合而成为氨混合气体(参照图2),向氨注入装置24供给。
氨混合气体从氨注入装置24由喷射氨气的喷嘴(图示省略)向管道22内散布。散布后的氨混合气体与在管道内流通的废气混合,通过在氨注入装置24的下游侧设置的脱硝催化剂26。
脱硝催化剂26使用选择接触还原法(SCR;Selective Catalytic Reduction),在例如由氧化钛(TiO2)等形成的载体上担载有钨、钼、钒等活性金属。与氨混合气体混合后的废气通过脱硝催化剂26,由此,通过化学反应而将废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)向没有环境负担的氮、水蒸气分解。
在本实施方式中供给稀释用空气的稀释用空气管线76被设为连接于燃气轮机50的压缩机52的低压缩部的抽气管线76。即,经由抽气管线76而向氨注入装置24供给的稀释用空气被设为从压缩机52的低压缩部(例如,从进气侧起的第1~3级)抽取出的压缩空气。在压缩机52的运转中(例如,3600rpm左右的恒定旋转),抽取出的压缩空气例如被设为表压为9kPa以上且15kPa以下、50℃以下的低压缩空气。
根据本实施方式,起到以下的效果。
在废气正向管道22流通的燃气轮机50的运转中,能够从压缩机52的低压缩部通过抽气管线76而向汇合部X将大致常温且低压缩的稀释用空气以大致恒定量稳定地供给。由此,能够将氨注入装置24内的压力维持为比管道22内的压力高,抑制从燃气轮机50(涡轮机56)排出的废气向氨注入装置24内流入,能够防止由氨注入装置24内的碳酸铵的产生、堆积引起的氨注入装置24(尤其是喷射氨气的喷嘴内部)的阻塞。另外,由于无需另外设置用于供给稀释用空气的专用的风扇,所以不需要风扇的驱动所需的电源、动力线、控制设备等周边设备,能够削减设备成本、运行成本。
另外,稀释用空气仅用于稀释氨气,从压缩机52的低压缩部抽取大致常温的空气即可,无需从压缩机52的高压缩部抽取高温的空气。也就是说,无需为了将由压缩机52压缩成高压后的空气作为稀释用空气使用而使该空气减压,能够减少在压缩机52中用于空气的压缩的能量的损失。
另外,由于是简便的构造,所以对于现有设备,容易施工本实施方式的脱硝装置20,改造工程能够容易地进行。
接着,对本公开的一些实施方式的其他实施方式的脱硝装置进行说明。
本实施方式的脱硝装置20与前述的实施方式相比,在具备阻尼器78这一点上不同,其他方面是同样的。因此,仅对与前述的实施方式的不同点进行说明,关于其他,使用同一标号而省略其说明。
在与图3所示的脱硝装置20所具备的氨注入装置24连接的抽气管线76设置有阻尼器78和流量计80,该流量计80设置于阻尼器78的稀释用空气流的下游侧,用于流量监视。
在燃气轮机50的运转中,不管燃气轮机50的运转负荷如何,阻尼器78的开度都被设定为恒定。例如,阻尼器78的开度以使燃气轮机50的运转中的氨混合气体的氨浓度成为规定的范围内的稀释用空气的流量流通的方式设定。由于使阻尼器78的开度恒定,所以若在燃气轮机50的运转负荷的变化时压缩机52的转速恒定,则稀释用空气的流量大致恒定。与此对应,在燃气轮机50的运转负荷发生了变化时,通过根据运转负荷而利用阀42来调节氨气的流量,能够将废气与氨气的流量的比保持为恒定或规定范围内。
需要说明的是,氨混合气体的氨浓度的规定的范围也可以从氨气的流量设定的范围选定。即,关于规定的范围的上限值,例如由于在燃气轮机50的最高负荷运转时废气流量和氨供给量成为最大,所以此时的氨浓度可以设定为比氨的爆炸范围的下限值小的值,使得能够安全地管理。关于规定的范围的下限值,例如由于在燃气轮机50的最低负荷运转时废气流量和氨供给量成为最小,所以此时的氨浓度可以设定为合适地进行脱硝反应的下限值以上的值。由此,可以相对于燃气轮机50的运转负荷的变化而设定氨混合气体的氨浓度的下限值和上限值,在此之间根据燃气轮机50的运转负荷而利用阀42以补充氨气的流量的方式调节,从而将氨混合气体的氨浓度保持为恰当的范围。在燃气轮机50的运转中,在燃气轮机50的某运转负荷下稀释用空气流量成为大致恒定。因而,通过以使氨混合气体的氨浓度成为规定的范围内的稀释用空气的流量流通的方式将阻尼器78设定为恒定开度(固定开度),以脱硝反应所需的氨量能够安全地管理的浓度供给氨混合气体,因此无需在燃气轮机50的运转中将稀释用空气的流量利用阻尼器78调整。
根据本实施方式,起到以下的效果。
通过将阻尼器78的开度设为恒定开度(固定开度),不需要燃气轮机50的运转中的阻尼器78的开度控制,无需进行根据废气的流量来调整阻尼器78的开度而调整稀释用空气的流量之类的控制。也就是说,通过将阻尼器78的开度设定为恒定开度,在燃气轮机50的运转中能够不进行阻尼器78的开度的控制而始终供给适量的稀释用空气。即,能够不进行阻尼器78的开度的控制而将氨气与稀释用空气混合后的氨混合气体合适地向管道22内散布。
标号说明
10 废热回收锅炉
12 热交换器
20 脱硝装置
22 管道
24 氨注入装置
26 脱硝催化剂
40 氨气管线
42 阀
50 燃气轮机
52 压缩机
54 燃烧器
56 涡轮机
58 旋转轴
70 压缩空气供给管线
71 燃料供给管线
72 燃烧气体供给管线
74 废气排出管线
76 抽气管线(稀释用空气管线)
78 阻尼器
80 流量计
90 发电机

Claims (5)

1.一种脱硝装置,具备:
管道,从具有压缩机和涡轮机的燃气轮机的所述涡轮机引导废气并使该废气流通;
氨注入装置,将氨气与稀释用空气混合后的氨混合气体向所述管道内散布;及
脱硝催化剂,在所述管道内设置于所述氨注入装置的所述废气流的下游侧,利用所述废气和所述氨混合气体来进行脱硝反应,
所述脱硝装置具备抽气管线,该抽气管线连接于所述压缩机的低压缩部,将从所述压缩机抽取出的低压缩空气作为所述稀释用空气而向所述氨注入装置供给。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脱硝装置,
所述抽气管线具备在运转中被设为恒定开度的阻尼器。
3.一种废热回收锅炉,具备
权利要求1或2所述的脱硝装置;及
热交换器,设置于所述管道内。
4.一种燃气轮机复合发电设备,具备:
权利要求1或2所述的脱硝装置;
所述燃气轮机;及
发电机,与所述燃气轮机旋转连结。
5.一种脱硝方法,是脱硝装置的脱硝方法,该脱硝装置具备:
管道,从具有压缩机和涡轮机的燃气轮机的所述涡轮机引导废气并使该废气流通;
氨注入装置,将氨气与稀释用空气混合后的氨混合气体向所述管道内散布;及
脱硝催化剂,在所述管道内设置于所述氨注入装置的所述废气流的下游侧,利用所述废气和所述氨混合气体来进行脱硝反应,
其中,所述脱硝装置具备连接于所述压缩机的低压缩部的抽气管线,
通过所述抽气管线而将从所述压缩机抽取出的低压缩空气作为所述稀释用空气向所述氨注入装置供给。
CN201980012966.8A 2018-02-16 2019-02-04 脱硝装置及具备该脱硝装置的废热回收锅炉、燃气轮机复合发电设备以及脱硝方法 Pending CN111727306A (zh)

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