TWI698277B - 用於化學反應的流體反應器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種用於光化學反應的流體反應器,包含:延伸的流體通道(20),該延伸的流體通道(20)由一或更多流體通道壁(22)圍繞,該流體通道具有一長度;及光漫射管(30),該光漫射管(30)具有至少500μm的直徑及一長度,該管(30)的長度之至少一部分在流體通道(20)內部且沿著流體通道(20)延伸於流體通道(20)的長度之至少一部分。
Description
本申請案根據專利法法規主張於2015年3月26日申請的美國臨時申請案62/138,971之優先權,該案之內容在此處整體併入作為參考。
本揭露案係關於用於化學反應器的光流體反應器,換句話說,關於利用光輻射的流體反應器,具體係關於具有流體通道的流體反應器,其中佈置光漫射管。
光化學包含藉由吸收光而電子激發的原子或分子之化學反應,該光通常具有在200nm至約700nm之範圍的波長。此類型的化學作用具有數個優點,取決於特定反應而可個別地或在各種結合中呈現:(1)光可考慮為高度明確且經濟上清潔的「試劑」;(2)光化學方法比熱力方法在化學合成中更可提供較低的「侵略式」路徑;(3)光化學反應對工業處理之安全有所貢獻,因為此等反應通常於室溫或低於室溫而實行;(4)光化學反應有機化合物不需要任何保護基;而且(5)許多傳統合成可藉由光化學反應步驟之介入而縮短時間。
儘管上述已知的優點,光化學處理仍在工業規模上為罕見的。在工業中使用受限具有數個原因。
一個原因為難以升級。如今最佳的升級通常為擴大實驗室反應器。試驗工廠實驗以生產尺寸的燈完成,且接著藉由對反應器添加更多的燈或添加反應器來完成升級,此舉非常昂貴。反應器因燈放置的方式而改變、因燈從反應物至燈之距離的功率關係而改變、且因燈的數量而改變。
另一限制為經濟的考量。光反應消耗顯著的能量。此能量之消耗可劃分成兩種類別:一者係關於化學作用本身,且藉由量子產率界定,為一常數。另一者係藉由光反應器的設定而造成。在通常的光反應器及光反應中,平均僅10%的燈能量用於反應中,同時90%產生熱,此熱必須藉由冷卻而從系統抽離。此舉通常以其中循環水的冷卻夾套完成。此舉增加能量成本。
另一缺點為非常定期需實行的維修,因燈的壽命受限(通常為2000-6000小時)。燈的替換通常非常耗時,需顯著的人力勞動。
光反應提供升級或能量效率或兩者的改良,且因此為所欲的。
根據此處所述的詳細說明及範例實施例,本揭露案係關於一種用於光化學反應的流體反應器,包
含:延伸的流體通道,該延伸的流體通道由一或更多流體通道壁圍繞,該流體通道具有長度;及光漫射管,該光漫射管具有至少500μm的直徑以及長度,該管的長度之至少一部分在流體通道內部且沿著流體通道延伸於流體通道的長度之至少一部分。
然而,應理解根據本揭露案的至少某些實施例可以不具有一或更多上述之特徵,但此等實施例仍在本揭露案意圖之範疇之中。
10‧‧‧流體反應器
20‧‧‧流體通道
22‧‧‧流體通道壁
23‧‧‧箭號
24‧‧‧內部表面
25‧‧‧塗層
26‧‧‧架台
27‧‧‧外部表面
28‧‧‧塗層
30‧‧‧光漫射管
32‧‧‧奈米結構
34‧‧‧空氣線路
36‧‧‧外部塗層
37‧‧‧空間
38‧‧‧護套
40‧‧‧熱控制通道
50‧‧‧蜂巢狀主體
62‧‧‧處理流體層
64‧‧‧外部熱控制流體層
70‧‧‧光源
72‧‧‧光纖
80‧‧‧半導體雷射或LED
隨附圖式係用以提供對本發明的進一步理解,且被包含並構成本說明書的部分。圖式並非意圖限制所主張的發明,但提供以說明本發明的範例實施例,且與說明書一起供以解釋本發明的原理。
第1圖為根據本揭露案的實施例之流體反應器的概略立體圖;第2圖為光漫射管的實施例之概略剖面視圖,例如可用於本揭露案之流體反應器的實施例中;第3圖為根據本揭露案的另一實施例之流體反應器的概略立體圖;第4圖為概略剖面視圖,顯示本揭露案的流體反應器之另一實施例的額外細節;
第5及6圖為根據本揭露案的流體反應器之兩個額外實施例的立體概略視圖,其中各圖的反應器包括蜂巢狀主體;第7圖為根據本揭露案的反應器之另一實施例的概略側面視圖,在此實施例中反應器具有三層三明治的結構。
第8圖為沿著第7圖所標示的線之反應器的平面剖面視圖。
應理解上述一般說明及以下詳細說明兩者僅為範例及說明,且並非限制所主張的發明。其他實施例對技藝人士而言在考慮此處所揭露的說明書及特定實施例之後將為顯而易見的。說明書及範例意圖考慮僅作為範例,而由申請專利範圍代表本發明的實際範疇及精神。
亦應理解儘管在此處所述的各種實施例中,所揭露的範例處理之步驟以特定順序載明,但所揭露的處理步驟可意圖以技藝人士將理解的任何順序執行,而不會顯著改變所欲的產品。
如此處所使用,冠詞「該」、「一」或「一者」代表「至少一者」,且除非明確地指示不應限制成「僅一者」。因此,舉例而言,「該燒蝕邊緣」或「一燒蝕邊緣」的使用意圖表示至少一個燒蝕邊緣。
在各種實施例中,本揭露案係關於用於光化學反應器的流體反應器。第1圖根據本揭露案的實施例顯示單純流體反應器結構的立體概略視圖。第1圖的流體反應器10包括光漫射管30,該光漫射管30沿著且在流體反應器10之中的流體通道內側延伸。光漫射管30為均質透明材料,例如聚合物或玻璃或類似者,較佳為玻璃。
第2圖顯示第1圖之光漫射管30的實施例之剖面圖。光漫射管30包括分佈於管30之中的散射及/或漫射奈米結構32。奈米結構30可為隨機的空氣線路34之形式,而造成沿著管30傳播的光透過管30的周圍輻射出去。
如第3圖中所顯示,光可透過光纖72從光源70供應至光漫射管20,該光源70例如為雷射或LED源。流體通道20(於第3圖中無法看見)沿著且在反應器10內部延伸。
第4圖為第1及3圖中描繪之流體反應器10類型的實施例之剖面概略視圖。反應器10包含藉由一或更多流體通道壁22環繞的延伸的流體通道20,流體通道具有長度PL。光漫射管30具有至少500μm的直徑或剖面d,及長度RL。管30至少一部分的長度沿著且在流體通道20內側延伸於流體通道20之長度PL的至少一部分P。管30可為通道20之中的單純玻璃或聚合物。或者,管30部分P的長度可藉由如第4圖中所顯示的外部塗層36或護套38徑向環繞。在使用護套的情況下,如所顯示
的實施例中,可選擇地在管30及護套38之間存在空間37。架台26將管30(及可選擇的護套38)固定在通道20之中。在使用中,流體可以箭號23指示的方向沿著流體通道20流動,或若為所欲的則以相反的方向流動。而且,在某些反應器實施例中可使用結合的或複雜的或多相流,舉例而言,例如與氣流結合的液體降薄膜。
在使用可選擇的塗層36或護套38的實施例中,塗層或護套可具有良好的透明度,且折射率為從1.2至1.4之範圍中或從1.3至1.4之範圍中。塗層或護套的材料較佳地為對化學物品具有高耐抗性。諸如PTFE、PFA及FEP的材料可因此目的而使用。塗層36或護套38可選擇地可包括光漫射或散射結構或材料,以幫助光從光漫射管30進一步的分佈。塗層36或護套38可選擇地亦可包括催化劑或光催化材料。可選擇的塗層25可在流體通道20的內部表面24上使用。可選擇的塗層25可為散射或反射層。可選擇的塗層25亦可包含催化劑及/或光催化材料。可選擇的反射或散射層或區域39亦可定位於或接近管30的終端,該終端位於流體通道20的內側。若為所欲的,此層或區域39亦可包含催化劑及/或光催化材料。
在壁22對光為透明的實施例中,可選擇的塗層28可存在於反應器10的一或更多外部表面27上。可選擇的塗層28可為散射或反射層,以將光保持在反應器10之中。
在使用護套38的某些實施例中,護套38可為可從管30分離,使得護套38可保持定位在流體反應器10之中,獨立於管30而藉由架台26固定,因此例如管30可以具有不同光特性的另一管30替換。
根據如第5圖中所顯示的本揭露案之另一實施例,流體反應器10可包括蜂巢狀主體50,其中蜂巢狀主體50容納延伸的流體通道20,或在所顯示的範例中,容納多重延伸的通道20(以虛線顯示,代表蜂巢狀主體50之中的內部通道)。可使用多重光漫射管39,且各個管可從半導體雷射或LED 80各自供應光。或者,如第6圖中所顯示的實施例,雷射或LED或其他光源70可饋送光至具有許多分支的光纖72中,以供應光至多重光漫射管30。用於反應物流體的流體通道20可毗鄰於用於流動熱控制流體的熱控制通道40,其中熱控制通道40藉由一或更多流體通道壁22之一者從流體通道20分開。
第7圖中顯示仍為本揭露案的另一實施例,而第8圖中顯示沿著第7圖之線所截取的剖面。在此實施例中,流體反應器10可包括三明治結構60,具有中心處理流體層62,其中用於容納反應物流體的流體通道20(或多重的此等通道)延伸於中心處理流體層62中;以及兩個外部熱控制流體層64,其中可流動熱控制流體,以控制在流體反應器10中的反應溫度。多重光漫射管30可定位以對處理流體層62之中的一或更多延伸的流體通道提供光。如第8圖中所見,光漫射管30亦可包括折
點或彎曲,以跟隨著流體通道20。在此實施例中,流體通道在流體路徑之中含有栱或柱或障礙物62。亦顯示流體輸入及輸出通口I及O。
在此處所述的任何實施例中,一或更多流體通道壁22可為對可見輻射不透明的,舉例而言,壁22包含非透明性陶瓷材料。
應理解此處以特定的方式載明本發明之部件「配置」或「適以」功能。於此方面,此部件以特定方式「配置」或「適以」實現特定特性或功能,其中此等術語為結構性術語而非所欲用途之術語。更具體而言,此處參考之部件「配置成」或「適以」載明部件的存在物理條件,如此,應視為部件之結構特徵的界定術語。
技藝人士可對本發明作成各種修改及改變而不悖離本發明的精神及範疇將為顯而易見的。因為技藝人士可發生包含於本發明之精神及實質的對於所揭露實施例的修改、結合、次結合及改變,所以本發明應考慮為包括所有隨附申請專利範圍之中的範疇及其均等。
10‧‧‧流體反應器
30‧‧‧光漫射管
Claims (15)
- 一種用於光化學反應的流體反應器(10),該反應器包含:一延伸的流體通道(20),該延伸的流體通道(20)由一或更多流體通道壁(22)圍繞,該流體通道具有一長度;一光漫射管(30),該光漫射管(30)具有至少500μm的一直徑或剖面及一長度,該管(30)的該長度之至少一部分在該流體通道(20)內部且沿著該流體通道(20)延伸於該流體通道(20)的該長度之至少一部分;及至少一個熱控制通道(40),該熱控制通道(40)藉由一或更多流體通道壁(22)之至少一者從該延伸的流體通道(20)分開。
- 如請求項1所述之流體反應器(10),其中該管(30)包含玻璃。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),其中該管(30)包含散射的及/或漫射的奈米結構(32)。
- 如請求項3所述之流體反應器(10),其中該散射的及/或漫射的奈米結構(32)包含隨機的空氣線路(34)。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),其中 該管(30)的該長度之該部分係藉由一外部塗層(36)或護套(38)徑向環繞。
- 如請求項5所述之流體反應器(10),其中該塗層(36)或護套(38)具有從1.2至1.4之範圍的一折射率。
- 如請求項5所述之流體反應器(10),其中該塗層(36)或護套(38)具有從1.3至1.4之範圍的一折射率。
- 如請求項5所述之流體反應器(10),其中該外部塗層(36)或護套(38)包含一或更多PTFE、PFA及FEP。
- 如請求項5所述之流體反應器(10),其中該管(30)藉由一護套(38)徑向環繞,且其中該護套(38)可與該管(30)分離,使得該護套(38)可獨立於該管(30)而保持定位在該流體反應器(10)之中。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),進一步包含一蜂巢狀主體(50),其中該蜂巢狀主體(50)容納該延伸的流體通道(20)。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),進一步包含一三明治結構(60),該三明治結構(60)具有一中心處理流體層(62)及兩個外部熱控制流體 層(64),其中該中心處理流體層(62)容納該延伸的流體通道(20)。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),進一步包含一散射或反射層(25),該散射或反射層(25)在該一或更多流體通道壁(22)之至少一者的一內部表面(24)上。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),進一步包含一散射或反射層(28),該散射或反射層(28)在該流體反應器(10)的一外部表面(27)上。
- 如請求項2所述之流體反應器(10),其中該一或更多流體通道壁(22)對可見輻射為不透明的。
- 一種用於光化學反應的流體反應器(10),該反應器包含:一延伸的流體通道(20),該延伸的流體通道(20)藉由一或更多流體通道壁(22)圍繞,該流體通道具有一長度;一光漫射管(30),該光漫射管(30)具有至少500μm的一直徑或剖面及一長度,該管(30)的該長度之至少一部分在該流體通道(20)內部且沿著該流體通道(20)延伸於該流體通道(20)的該長度 之至少一部分;及一三明治結構(60),該三明治結構(60)具有一中心處理流體層(62)及兩個外部熱控制流體層(64),其中該中心處理流體層(62)容納該延伸的流體通道(20)。
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