TWI676345B - Single phase motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-phase motor. The single-phase motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator has an iron core, the iron core has a plurality of boot portions, each of the boot portions has a center line, and the boot portions are respectively divided into a first base body and a second base body based on the center line. The rotor has a permanent magnet magnetized with a sine wave, and an air gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the boots of the iron core. The air gap has a plurality of first air gaps and a plurality of second air gaps. The first air gaps each correspond to between the first substrates and the permanent magnets, and the second air gaps each correspond to between the second substrates and the permanent magnets, and one of the first air gaps has a smallest air gap. The gap is smaller than the maximum air gap of one of the second air gaps. This can effectively improve the starting dead point of the motor and improve the running quality of the motor.

Description

Single-phase motor

The invention relates to a motor, particularly a single-phase motor.

The conventional single-phase motor uses a composite wave with harmonics as shown in FIG. 7 to magnetize its permanent magnet. Because the composite wave with harmonics has a undulating and concave undulating waveform at the top of the waveform, it will cause the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet. The distribution is also the undulation and depression, which is easy to produce vibration noise during the rotation process. Therefore, it is known that the quality of single-phase motors is not good, and it is necessary to improve it.

The invention relates to a single-phase motor. The single-phase motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator has an iron core and a coil. The iron core has a yoke portion. The yoke portion is provided with a plurality of tooth portions extending in a radial direction. Each of the tooth portions is provided with a shoe portion. In the radial direction, the Each of the boot portions has a center line, and the boot portions are respectively divided into a first base body and a second base body based on the center line, and the coil is wound around the tooth portions. The rotor has a permanent magnet magnetized with a sine wave, and an air gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the boots of the iron core. The air gap has a plurality of first air gaps and a plurality of second air gaps. The first air gaps each correspond to between the first substrates and the permanent magnets, and the second air gaps each correspond to between the second substrates and the permanent magnets, and one of the first air gaps has a smallest air gap. The gap is smaller than the maximum air gap of one of the second air gaps.

Therefore, by using a design in which the permanent magnets magnetized with a sine wave and the minimum air gaps of the first air gaps are smaller than the maximum air gaps of the second air gaps, the first air cores can be effectively improved. The strength of the magnetic field generated between the base body and the permanent magnet can change the distribution of the output torque waveform of the motor, and can effectively improve the problem of the starting dead point of the motor, ensure that the motor can run stably, and reduce the occurrence of abnormal noise and improve the operation. Quality and other effects.

FIG. 1 shows a combined sectional view of a single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, the motor 1 of the present invention includes a stator 10 and a rotor 20. The motor 1 of the present invention is a single-phase motor that is easy to start and can rotate stably. It can convert electric energy into kinetic energy and is widely used in various industrial, people's livelihood, transportation or information equipment.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a single-phase motor according to the present invention (the coil 12 of FIG. 1 is omitted). With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the stator 10 has an iron core 11 and a coil 12. The iron core 11 may be formed by stacking and combining several silicon steel sheets on each other, but not limited to the above. The iron core 11 may have a yoke portion 111. The yoke portion 111 is provided along the circumference with a plurality of tooth portions 112 extending in a radial direction. Each of the tooth portions 112 may be provided with a shoe portion 113 in the radial direction. The boot portions 113 each have a center line L1. The boot portions 113 are respectively divided into a first base body 113a and a second base body 113b based on the centerline L1. The coil 12 is wound around the tooth portions 112. In one embodiment, the coil 12 can be directly wound on the coil 12 and wound on the outer surfaces of the teeth 112, or an insulating sleeve is combined on the outer surface of the teeth 112, and then the coil 12 is wound. It is wound around this insulating sleeve.

The rotor 20 has a permanent magnet 21. The permanent magnet 20 can be a rubber magnet, but it is not limited to the above, and can be used to complete its magnetization operation by using a sine wave magnetization method. In one embodiment, the permanent magnet 20 The sine wave magnetized by the magnet 20 may be a sine wave, as shown in FIG. 8. There is an air gap G between the permanent magnet 21 and the boots 113 of the iron core 11, and the air gap G can be set to 0.3 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm to avoid the problem. An excessively large air gap G causes an increase in magnetic loss. In addition, the air gap G has a plurality of first air gaps G1 and a plurality of second air gaps G2, and the first air gaps G1 each correspond to between the first base bodies 113a and the permanent magnets 21; The two air gaps G2 each correspond to the space between the second base bodies 113 b and the permanent magnet 21. A minimum air gap of the first air gaps G1 is smaller than a maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2, and is used to form a magnetic portion S between the first base bodies 113a and the permanent magnets 22, respectively.

In one embodiment, taking one of the first base 113a and the second base 113b of a boot 113 as an example, the first air gaps G1 correspond to the space between the first base 113a and the permanent magnet 21, and the The second air gaps G2 correspond to the space between the second base body 113 b and the permanent magnet 21. With the direction of the second base body 113b toward the first base body 113a, the second air gaps G2 gradually decrease toward the first air gaps G1, and the first air gaps G1 also gradually decrease, so that the first air gaps G1 gradually decrease. The minimum air gap of an air gap G1 is smaller than the maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2, and the first air gaps G1 are smaller than the second air gaps G2. The minimum air gap of the first air gaps G1 is located at the leftmost end of the outer periphery of the first base body 113a, and the maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2 is located at the rightmost end of the outer circumference of the second base body 113b.

Referring to FIG. 8, by using the permanent magnet 21 magnetized with a sine wave, the magnetic flux distribution of the permanent magnet 21 can rise or fall stably and uniformly like a sine wave, without generating a conventional single-phase motor utilization diagram. 7. The magnetized composite wave with harmonics causes vibration and abnormal sounds during rotation. Therefore, the motor 1 of the present invention can stably rotate to reduce the magnetic pole vibration, reduce the occurrence of abnormal sounds, and improve the quality of operation. And other effects. Although the small value of the sine wave at both ends of the waveform may cause the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 21 to be distributed at both ends, the minimum air gap using the first air gaps G1 is smaller than the first air gaps. The magnetic part S formed by the design of the maximum air gap of the two air gaps G2, and the air gap G may preferably be further set to 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm, so that the magnetic part S can effectively improve the core 11 The magnetic field strength generated between the first base bodies 113a and the permanent magnet 22, so the first base bodies 113a can form local magnetic saturation, thereby changing the output torque waveform distribution of the single-phase motor 1 of the present invention to ensure the rotor 20 It can be located at a better starting position when stopping operation, effectively improving the starting dead point of the motor.

With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in an embodiment, the motor 1 of the present invention may further include a base 30 having a shaft connection portion 31. The rotor 20 may further include a rotating shaft 22 and a hub 23. The permanent magnet 21 is disposed inside one of the hubs 23, and the rotating shaft 22 is disposed at a center position of the hub 23. The rotating shaft 22 of the rotor 20 is rotatably In combination with the shaft connection portion 31, the cooperation of the shaft connection portion 31 and the rotating shaft 22 enables the rotor 20 to rotate smoothly. The selection of the base 30 is a method of assembling and applying the motor 1 of the present invention. The selection principle is based on the premise that the rotor 20 can be stably rotated, so it is not limited to the above. In addition, a plurality of blades 32 may be provided on the outer side of one of the wheel shells 23 to constitute a fan wheel 40. For example, the fan wheel 40 may be a ventilating fan wheel, a cooling fan wheel, etc .; Or cooling.

Based on the above structural design, several embodiments are listed in detail below to illustrate various different structural types of the stator 10 of the motor 1 of the present invention, but not limited to the following embodiments.

With reference to FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the shapes of the first base body 113 a and the second base body 113 b of the shoe portions 113 of the stator 10 are asymmetrical. Thereby, the first air gaps 113a and the second base 113b which are asymmetrical are used to easily form the first air gaps with different distances between the permanent magnet 21 and the teeth portions 112 of the iron core 11. G1 and the second air gaps G2 are used to enhance the effect of local magnetic saturation by using the magnetic portion S formed by the first base bodies 113a.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the single-phase motor of the present invention (the coil 12 of FIG. 1 is omitted). With reference to FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the center line L1 is used as a dividing line. In the radial direction of the stator 10, the area of the first base body 113 a of the shoe portions 113 may be larger than the second base body. 113b area. Thereby, the first air gaps G1 and G1 of different distances are formed between the first base body 113a and the second base body 113b with different area sizes, and between the permanent magnet 21 and the teeth portions 112 of the iron core 11. The second air gaps G2, the minimum air gaps of the first air gaps G1 are smaller than the maximum air gaps of the second air gaps G2, and the magnetic portions S formed by the first base bodies 113a are raised locally. The effect of magnetic saturation.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the single-phase motor of the present invention (the coil 12 of FIG. 1 is omitted). With reference to FIG. 4, in this embodiment, a convex portion 114 may be provided on the outer periphery of the first base body 113 a of the shoe portions 113 of the stator 10. Therefore, by using the design of the convex portion 114, the first base body 113a is closer to the permanent magnet 21, and in one embodiment, the maximum air gap of one of the first air gaps G1 is not greater than the second air gaps. The maximum air gap of the gap G2. In an embodiment, the second air gaps G2 may be the same, and the second air gaps G2 may be the same as some of the first air gaps G1, that is, the first air gaps G1. The maximum air gap of the air gap G1 is equal to the maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2. And in the other part of the convex part 114, the first air gaps G1 are smaller than the second air gaps G2, so that the minimum air gaps of the first air gaps G1 are smaller than the maximum air gaps of the second air gaps G2. Gap, that is, the minimum air gap of the first air gaps G1 is located at the convex portion 114 to further enhance the magnetic field strength generated between the first base bodies 113a of the iron core 11 and the permanent magnet 22, and It is ensured that the rotor 20 can be located at a non-starting dead point when the rotor 20 stops running, so as to effectively improve the starting dead point of the motor 1.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the single-phase motor of the present invention (the coil 12 of FIG. 1 is omitted). With reference to FIG. 5, in this embodiment, a gap 115 may be provided on the outer periphery of the second base body 113 b of the shoe portions 113 of the stator 10, and in one embodiment, the first air gap G1 The maximum air gap is not greater than the maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2. In an embodiment, the first air gaps G1 may be the same, and part of the second air gaps G2 and the first air gaps G1 is the same, in the other part of the gap 115, the second air gaps G2 are larger than the first air gaps G1, that is, the maximum air gap and the minimum air gap of the first air gaps G1 are smaller than the first air gaps G1. The maximum air gap of the two air gaps G2, and the maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2 are located in the gap 115. With this, using the design of the notch 115, the second base body 113b can be farther away from the permanent magnet 21 than the first base body 113a, and the first base body 113a can be closer to the permanent magnet 21, and the core 11 can also be lifted. The magnetic field strength generated between the first base bodies 113a and the permanent magnet 22 ensures that the rotor 20 can be located at a non-starting dead point when the rotor 20 stops running. In addition, the magnetic flux density of the air gap G can be formed in a non-uniform distribution state to generate an asymmetric magnetic link waveform, which can effectively change the motor output torque waveform distribution, so the rotor 20 can be started normally and run stably.

FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the single-phase motor of the present invention (the coil 12 of FIG. 1 is omitted). See FIG. 2 and FIG. 6 for cooperation. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the tooth portions 112 of the iron core 11 are disposed on the outer periphery of the yoke portion 111. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the teeth portions 112 of the iron core 11 are disposed on the inner periphery of the yoke portion 111. Therefore, the motor 1 of the present invention can be selected as an external rotation type single-phase motor or an internal rotation type unidirectional motor to improve the convenience of use.

In the embodiments listed above, each of the shoe portions 113 of the iron core 11 has a slot pitch D. The slot pitch D may be larger than the first air gaps G1, and each of the slot pitches D is different. It has a central position. In the radial direction, the iron core 11 sets a plurality of first radial extension lines L2 and a plurality of second radial extension lines L3, and the boot portions 113 have a plurality of first included angles α1.

The definitions of the first included angles α1 described above are: as shown in FIG. 2, the first radial extension lines L2 pass through the center point of the iron core 11, and the first radial extension lines L2 are circumscribed outside the The outer periphery of the first base body 113a. The second radial extension lines L3 pass through the center point of the core 11 and the central position of the slot distances D, and each of the first radial extension lines L2 and the second radial extension lines L3 has A second included angle α2, and the second included angle α2 can be set between 2 ° and 12 °. In accordance with the range of the second included angle α2, each of the centerlines L1 and the first radial extension lines L2 of the boot 113 may have a first included angle α1, and the range of the first included angle α1 is set as (152 / N) ° ～ (171 / N) °, where N is the number of the slot pitches D, and the number of the slot pitches D is relative to the number of the boot portions 113, so the number is not limited. How much. For example, FIG. 2 to FIG. 6 reveal that the number of the slot pitch D is 4, and the range of the first included angle α1 is “38 ° to 42.75 °”. If an integer is taken, the range of the first included angle α1 is "38 ° ~ 43 °", the range of the second included angle α2 is between 2 ° and 7 °. With this, the permanent magnet 21 and the magnetic part S magnetized by the above-mentioned sine wave can further cooperate with the structural design in the range of the first included angle α1, so that the boot portions 113 of the iron core 11 are formed separately. There is an appropriate distribution distance between the magnetic sections S, so the operation of the motor 1 will be more stable.

In the above embodiment, the single-phase motor 1 of the present invention uses the permanent magnet 21 magnetized with a sine wave, and the minimum air gap of the first air gaps G1 is smaller than the maximum air gap of the second air gaps G2. The magnetic part S formed by the design allows the magnetic part S to effectively enhance the magnetic field strength generated between the first base bodies 113a of the iron core 11 and the permanent magnet 21 to change the single-phase motor 1 of the present invention. The output torque waveform distribution ensures that the rotor 20 can be located at a better starting position when stopping operation to improve the starting dead point of the motor 1; and also ensures that the motor 1 can run stably to reduce the magnetic pole vibration to effectively Many effects of reducing the occurrence of abnormal noise and improving the quality of operation.

The above embodiments are only for explaining the principle of the present invention and its effects, but not for limiting the present invention. Modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments still do not violate the spirit of the present invention. The scope of rights of the present invention should be listed in the scope of patent application described later.

1‧‧‧ Motor

10‧‧‧ Stator

11‧‧‧ Iron core

111‧‧‧Yoke

112‧‧‧Tooth

113‧‧‧boot

113a‧‧‧First substrate

113b‧‧‧Second substrate

114‧‧‧ convex

115‧‧‧ gap

12‧‧‧ Coil

20‧‧‧rotor

21‧‧‧Permanent magnet

22‧‧‧ shaft

23‧‧‧ Wheel

30‧‧‧ base

31‧‧‧Shaft joint

32‧‧‧ Blade

40‧‧‧fan fan wheel

D‧‧‧Slot pitch

L1‧‧‧ Centerline

L2‧‧‧First radial extension line

L3‧‧‧The second radial extension line

G‧‧‧Air gap

G1‧‧‧First air gap

G2‧‧‧Second air gap

S‧‧‧Magnetic Section

α1‧‧‧First angle

α2‧‧‧Second angle

FIG. 1 shows a combined sectional view of a single-phase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of a single-phase motor according to the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of a single-phase motor according to the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a single-phase motor according to the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a single-phase motor according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of a single-phase motor according to the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a waveform diagram of a composite wave with harmonics magnetized by a conventional single-phase motor; and

FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of a sine wave magnetized by a single-phase motor according to the present invention.

Claims (21)

A single-phase motor includes: a stator having a core and a coil, the core having a yoke, the yoke is provided with a plurality of teeth extending in a radial direction, and each of these teeth is provided with a boot, In the radial direction, the boot portions each have a center line, and the boot portions are respectively divided into a first base body and a second base body based on the center line, and the coil is wound around the tooth portions; and The rotor has a permanent magnet magnetized by a sine wave, and an air gap is formed between the permanent magnet and the boots of the iron core. The air gap has a plurality of first air gaps and a plurality of second air gaps. The first air gaps each correspond to between the first substrates and the permanent magnets, and the second air gaps each correspond to between the second substrates and the permanent magnets, and one of the first air gaps has a smallest air gap. The gap is smaller than one of the maximum air gaps of the second air gaps; wherein each of the boot portions of the iron core has a slot pitch, a magnetic portion is formed between the first base body and the permanent magnet, and In the direction, the iron core sets a plurality of first radial extension lines, and the first radial extension lines pass through the The center point of the heart and the first radial extension lines are circumscribed at the outer periphery of the first base body. There is a first section between the center lines of the boots and the first radial extension lines. An included angle, the range of the first included angle is set to (152 / N) ° ~ (171 / N) °, and N is the number of the slot pitch. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the slot pitches are larger than the first air gaps. For example, the single-phase motor of item 1, wherein the air gap is set to 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm. For example, the single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the shapes of the first base body and the second base body of the boot portions are asymmetrical. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein in the radial direction, an area of the first base body of the boot portions is larger than an area of the second base body. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein a convex portion is provided on the outer periphery of the first base body of the boot portions. As in the single-phase motor of claim 1, a gap is provided on the outer periphery of the second base body of the boot portions. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the teeth of the iron core are disposed on the outer periphery of the yoke. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the teeth of the iron core are disposed on the inner periphery of the yoke. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is a rubber magnet. For example, the single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the core is formed by stacking and combining several silicon steel plates on each other. If the single-phase motor of claim 1 further includes a base, the base has a shaft connection portion, the rotor further includes a shaft and a hub, the permanent magnet is disposed inside one of the wheels, and the shaft is disposed on The hub, the rotating shaft of the rotor is rotatably combined with the shaft connection portion. The single-phase motor of claim 12, wherein a plurality of blades are provided on one of the wheel shells to form a fan wheel. For example, the single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the second air gaps are gradually reduced toward the first air gaps with the second base body facing the first base body. The single-phase motor of claim 14, wherein the first air gaps are gradually reduced. The single-phase motor of claim 15, wherein the minimum air gap of the first air gaps is located at the leftmost end of the outer periphery of the first substrate, and the maximum air gap of the second air gaps is located on the second substrate. The far right of the outer circle. The single-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the maximum air gap of one of the first air gaps is not greater than the maximum air gap of the second air gaps. The single-phase motor of claim 17, wherein the second air gaps are the same as some of the first air gaps. As in the single-phase motor of claim 18, the other part of the first air gaps is smaller than the second air gaps. As in the single-phase motor of claim 17, some of the second air gaps are the same as the first air gaps. The single-phase motor of claim 20, wherein the second air gaps are larger than the first air gaps.