TWI674837B - Mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention includes the following steps: preparing the mushroom cultivation material; sterilizing the mushroom cultivation material; placing the sterilized mushroom cultivation material in a sterile environment for cooling and cooling; and implanting the mushroom cultivation material after the sterilization and cooling The fungus body; the fungus cultivation raw material into which the fungus body has been implanted is filled into a container having a cylindrical body; the container is removed after the mycelium grows, and the fungus cultivation raw material having a columnar surface is exposed. Therefore, a mushroom cultivation method capable of shortening the sterilization time, saving energy, not generating disposable plastic waste, and increasing productivity can be provided.

Description

Mushroom cultivation method

The invention relates to a cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method of shiitake mushroom.

The cultivation of mushrooms is a very large industry in Taiwan, with an output value of up to NT $ 24.4 billion. Shiitake mushrooms are the Taiwanese's general name for various edible mushroom fruiting bodies. The earliest cultivation methods used Japanese technology to cultivate shiitake mushrooms. Until 1974, the new method of cultivation of shiitake mushrooms was released by the then Taiwan Province Agricultural Experiment Institute, called "shiitake mushroom sawdust plastic bag" cultivation method. This method is still in use today, which is now commonly known as the space bag cultivation method, please refer to the figure Figure 1 and Figure 2, Figure 1 is a flowchart of a conventional method of cultivating Lentinus edodes, and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method of cultivating Lentinus edodes. Usually there are rice bran, soybean flour or corn flour, etc .; U02 is filled into the space bag, and the mushroom cultivation raw material 91 is filled in a plastic bag-shaped space bag 90; U03 is autoclaved for 8 to 10 hours, and the mushroom is filled with The space bag 90 of the cultivation material 91 is placed in a boiler with an atmospheric pressure of about 1.2 and heated to 100 to 120 degrees Celsius, and a sterilization process of 8 to 10 hours is performed; U04 cooling At room temperature, the sterilized space bag is left to cool to room temperature; U05 is implanted with bacteria, and the mushroom body to be cultivated is implanted into the mushroom cultivation material 91 in the space bag 90. After going through the above procedure, the space bag 90 is placed in a dark environment with controlled humidity and temperature. After the mycelium in the mushroom cultivation raw material 91 matures, a mushroom body 92 can be harvested above the space bag 90.

Although the conventional cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms is low in material cost and simple in operation, it still has the following disadvantages:

First, the mushroom cultivation materials are filled into the space bag before being heated and sterilized. The heat cannot easily enter the center of the space bag. Therefore, it takes 8 to 10 hours for sterilization, which consumes a lot of time and energy.

Second, the plastic space bag is a disposable packaging material, which cannot be recycled and the amount of use is very large, which causes a great burden on the environment and is not environmentally friendly.

3. Due to the pressure of the space bag body, the mushroom body can usually only grow on the upper surface of the space bag, the growth area is limited to a small area on the top surface of the space bag, and the yield is limited.

Fourth, the fruit body may be crushed by pressure to grow a deformed mushroom from the side of the space bag.

Fifth, the space bag with an irregular shape is not conducive to the use of machinery to carry, only manual picking and carrying.

6. Space packs can only be arranged on a flat tile and cannot be stacked, and the cultivation space cannot be fully utilized.

In view of this, it is necessary to provide a new cultivation method to improve the disadvantages of the conventional cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a mushroom cultivation method capable of shortening the sterilization time.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method which does not generate disposable plastic waste and meets environmental protection requirements.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method capable of expanding the production area of the fruit body of the mushroom and increasing the productivity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method capable of stacking cultivation containers with each other.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms that has a uniform container shape and can be mechanically carried.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Lentinula edodes which has a covering effect and can prevent external microorganisms from invading.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for cultivating Lentinula edodes in the present invention includes the following steps in one embodiment: preparing raw material for cultivating Lentinula edodes; sterilizing the raw material for cultivating Lentinula edodes; placing the sterilized cultivating material for lentinella in a sterile environment to cool down; After the temperature is lowered, the mushroom raw material for cultivation is implanted into the fungus body; the mushroom raw material for cultivation is filled into a container having a columnar cylindrical body; after the mycelium grows, the container is removed to expose the formation of pillars The surface of this mushroom cultivation raw material. Therefore, a mushroom cultivation method capable of shortening the sterilization time, saving energy, not generating disposable plastic waste, and increasing productivity can be provided.

In one embodiment, the sterilization is performed at a high temperature of 100 to 120 degrees Celsius, and the probability of infection can be reduced after high temperature sterilization.

In one embodiment, the sterilization time is 2 to 3 hours, and the shortened sterilization time can save time and energy.

In one embodiment, the sterilized raw material of the mushroom cultivation is cooled to 15-30 degrees Celsius in a sterile environment, and the temperature is suitable for the growth of the mushroom body.

In an embodiment, the sterilized raw material of the mushroom cultivation is cooled to 18-20 degrees Celsius in a sterile environment, and the temperature does not increase the growth temperature of the mushroom body.

In one embodiment, the container includes a chassis, an upper mold and a plurality of lids. The chassis has a container chamber; the upper mold has a body which can be covered above the container chamber of the chassis. A plurality of cylindrical cylinders are provided above the body, and a plurality of mold cavities are formed inside the plurality of cylindrical cylinders. The mold cavity is in communication with the chamber of the chassis; and the plurality of cover bodies respectively cover above the plurality of columnar cylinders. This design of the container can not use disposable plastic and meet environmental protection requirements. It can also make the container for cultivating shiitake mushrooms stackable. The containers have consistent specifications and can be transported by machinery.

In an embodiment, a plurality of support rods are provided on the inner bottom surface of the chassis, and a plurality of convex rings are provided on the lower surface of the body to correspond to the plurality of support rods respectively, and the plurality of support rods can support the body of the upper mold. This can prevent the upper mold from being deformed when the present invention is stacked on each other.

In an embodiment, the plurality of cover bodies respectively include an upper closing cover and a lower ventilation cover, the upper closing cover covers the lower ventilation cover, and the lower ventilation cover is provided with a plurality of internal through holes and a plurality of external through holes. Holes, the internal through holes communicate with the mold cavities, the external through holes communicate with the external space, and the external through holes communicate with the openings of the external space facing downward, thereby making it difficult for external microorganisms to enter the interior.

In one embodiment, a sponge is provided between the upper closed cover and the lower breathable cover, so that the sponge can be dipped in water to maintain a large humidity, and at the same time, the falling dust and external microorganisms are not easily accessible by the isolation of water. internal.

In an embodiment, a groove is provided in the center of the upper surface of the lower breathable cover, and the sponge is located above the groove, and the groove can store water to maintain sufficient humidity.

The embodiments are only used to illustrate the possible implementation aspects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In order to make the objects, features, and advantages of the present invention clearly understandable, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms according to the present invention includes the following steps in a preferred embodiment:

S01: preparing raw material for cultivating shiitake mushrooms. The raw material of the mushroom cultivation material is mainly wood chips. In addition, supplementary materials such as rice bran, soybean flour or corn flour are usually mixed, but not limited to this. The mushroom cultivation material of the present invention includes any sawdust which can provide the growth of the mushroom mycelium. , Soil, and various mixtures.

S02: Sterilizing raw material for cultivating shiitake mushrooms. When sterilizing raw material for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, it is preferable to sterilize at a high temperature of 100 to 120 degrees Celsius, and the probability of infection can be reduced after high temperature sterilization. In the sterilization step of the present invention, the raw material for cultivating shiitake mushrooms is in a loose state, so it only needs to be sterilized for 2 to 3 hours to achieve the sterilization requirement, and time and energy can be saved after shortening the sterilization time. Compared with the conventional technology, the conventional method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms is to stuff the shiitake mushroom cultivation materials into the space bag and then sterilize it at high temperature. Because the temperature penetrates the tightly packed shiitake mushroom cultivation materials from the outer surface of the space bag to the center position, The sterilization effect can be achieved in 8 to 10 hours. The sterilization time of the present invention only needs 2 to 3 hours, which can greatly save time and energy.

Preferably, when performing sterilization, high-pressure sterilization can be performed at a pressure of about 1 to 1.2 at the same time. The use of high pressure can quickly increase the temperature and increase the efficiency of killing bacteria.

S03: Cool in a sterile environment. The sterilized mushroom raw material is cooled in a sterile environment to a temperature of 15-30 degrees Celsius, which is suitable for the growth of the mushroom body. More preferably, the cooling and cooling temperature can be controlled at 18-20 degrees Celsius. Since the mushroom growth process generates heat, controlling the cooled temperature to 18-20 degrees Celsius can prevent the growth environment of the mushrooms from growing. overheat.

S04: implanted bacterial cells. After the sterilization and cooling, the mushroom raw material is implanted into the fungus body.

S05: Fill into a container with a cylindrical body. The lenticular fungus planting material was filled into a container having a columnar cylindrical body.

S06: Mycelium growth. The implanted mycelium begins to grow mycelium in the mushroom raw material. The mycelium will gradually absorb nutrients and grow into filamentous mycelium. The filamentous structure of the mycelium also has the ability to aggregate the loose raw mushroom cultivation material. The role of lumps.

S07: Remove the cylindrical barrel portion of the container. After the mycelium grows, the container is removed to expose the mushroom cultivation material with a columnar surface. Calculate when the mycelium can grow to the stage of reproduction to produce fruiting bodies, and remove the columnar cylindrical part of the container before the fruiting body grows. Because the mycelia intersect and grow in a large amount in the container, the mushroom raw material is formed into a mass Therefore, when the container is removed, the mushroom raw material will not loosely collapse, forming a large-area growth surface with several cylindrical bodies, waiting for the mushroom body to grow.

Through the above steps, when the shiitake mushroom fruit body grows out, because the space-free plastic bag of the present invention has no known limitation on the growing area, the shiitake mushroom fruit body can be mass-produced from a large area surface of several cones, increasing the production capacity. Because there is no barrier of the space bag, the step of sterilizing at high temperature in the present invention can shorten the time and save energy, and will not generate a disposable space bag plastic waste, and can increase the productivity of the mushroom cultivation method. The containers of the present invention can be formed in a consistent size, the cultivation process can be stacked to save storage space, and it can also be carried by machinery to save manpower.

Please refer to FIGS. 4 to 8 at the same time. FIG. 4 shows an exploded perspective view of the container used in the embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, FIG. 5 shows a combined side view of the container used in the embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, and FIG. 6 shows the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in the direction A-A. FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of removing the container before the mushroom body is grown according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of growing the mushroom body after removing the container. The container disclosed in this embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments for achieving the above-mentioned object of the invention. The container structure of this embodiment cannot be used to limit the scope of the patent of the present invention. , All should be covered by the scope of the invention patent.

A container used in a preferred embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention includes a chassis 1, an upper mold 2, and a plurality of covers 3.

The chassis 1 is preferably but not limited to a disc body made of a plastic material. The chassis 1 has a receiving chamber 10. Similarly, the upper mold 2 is preferably but not limited to a casing made of plastic material. The upper mold 2 has a body 20, and the body 20 can be covered above the receiving chamber 10 of the chassis 1. A plurality of bodies 20 are provided above the body 20. The number of the columnar cylinders 21 and the plurality of columnar cylinders 21 in this embodiment is 16 and form a 4 × 4 matrix arrangement, but it should not be limited to this. For example, the number of the plurality of columnar cylinders 21 above the body 20 It can be a 1X2 rectangle arranged into 2 columnar cylinders 21, or a 3X3 matrix arranged into 9 columnar cylinders 21, or a 4X5 rectangular array into 20 columnar cylinders 21 ... and so on And so on. A plurality of mold cavities 22 are formed inside the plurality of cylindrical cylinders 21, and the plurality of mold cavities 22 communicate with the chamber 10 of the chassis 1. The plurality of cover bodies 3 respectively cover the tops of the plurality of columnar cylinders 21, so that the chassis 1, an upper mold 2 and the plurality of cover bodies 3 are enclosed into a space so that the interior of the present invention can cover the mushroom cultivation material 4. It is used for culturing mycelium, and when the upper mold 2 is opened, it can provide a larger surface area for the mushroom body 5 to grow. It can be understood from the foregoing description that the container of this embodiment is different from the conventional method of using plastic bags in space bags, and does not produce disposable plastic, which meets environmental protection requirements.

The plurality of cover bodies 3 may be respectively provided with a plurality of ventilation holes, which can allow air to enter the interior of the mushroom cultivation method, and provide air required for the growth of the mycelium.

Please refer to FIG. 4, a plurality of support rods 12 may be provided at the bottom of the inner surface of the chassis 1, and the plurality of support rods 12 may support the main body 20 of the upper mold 2. The mushroom cultivation material 4 is placed in the container of this embodiment. During the cultivation of mycelium, they can be stacked on top of each other in a dark room. When stacked at a high height, the lower cultivation device may be subjected to large gravity and deformed. The strength of the support rod 12 can be increased. Avoid deformation of the upper mold 2 when stacked on each other.

A plurality of chassis ribs 11 may be further provided on the bottom surface of the chassis 1, and the chassis ribs 11 may be arranged on the bottom surface of the chassis 1 in a vertical and horizontal staggered manner as shown in FIG. 4, thereby enhancing the deformation resistance of the chassis 1.

Please refer to FIG. 6, the mushroom cultivation raw material 4 in which the fungus has been implanted is filled into a container having a cylindrical body 21. The mushroom cultivation raw material 4 almost fills the space between the chassis 1 and the upper mold 2, and The cavity 22 is filled in the cylindrical body 21. The cover 3 can be covered to maintain the internal humidity. The mushroom cultivation material 4 is implanted with the mushroom body to be planted, and the present invention is allowed to stand to grow the mycelium in the mushroom cultivation material 4.

Please refer to FIG. 7, when calculating the mycelium growth to the reproduction stage, spread the container on a growth rack so that there is sufficient growth space above, and remove the upper mold 2 and the cover 3, at this time the mycelium The body grows in large numbers in the mushroom cultivation material 4 in the mold cavity 22, so the mushroom cultivation material 4 will not loosely collapse, forming a large-area growth surface with several cylindrical bodies, waiting for the mushroom body to grow.

Please refer to FIG. 8, when the mushroom body 5 grows, because the conventional plastic bag with a space bag is not limited in the present invention, the mushroom body 5 can be mass-produced from a large surface area of several cylindrical bodies. Increase capacity.

Please refer to FIG. 3, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 at the same time. FIG. 9 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a columnar cylinder of the container used in the embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, and FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of the air circulation state in the lid of FIG. 9. The structure details of a cover 3 of the present invention will be described below.

The plurality of covers 3 in this embodiment includes an upper closing cover 31 and a lower ventilation cover 32. The upper closing cover 31 covers the lower ventilation cover 32. The lower ventilation cover 32 is provided with several internal through holes 321 and several External through holes 322, the internal through holes 321 communicate with the mold cavities 22, and the external through holes 322 communicate with the external space, so that the air passage can be bypassed and external microorganisms cannot easily enter the interior.

Preferably, the opening of the external through-hole 322 communicating with the external space is directed downward (as shown in FIG. 10), so that the falling dust and external microorganisms cannot easily enter the interior, and the air channel will not be blocked by the upper container when stacked.

More preferably, a sponge 33 may also be provided between the upper closing cover 31 and the lower breathable cover 32. Wetting the sponge 33 may allow the passing air to contact the moisture to maintain a relatively high humidity, and at the same time, the water isolation effect Falling dust and external microorganisms do not easily enter the interior. In order to enable the sponge 33 to be fixed in position, the upper surface of the lower breathable cover 32 may be provided with a ring wall 324 surrounding the sponge 33 to restrict the movement of the sponge 33.

Further, a groove 323 may be provided at the center of the upper surface of the lower breathable cover 32, and the sponge 33 is located above the groove 323. The groove 323 can store water to keep the sponge 33 with sufficient humidity.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the technical ideas and characteristics of the present invention. The purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. The scope of the patent of the present invention cannot be limited by this All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention and the contents of the description should be covered by the patent of the present invention.

1‧‧‧chassis

10‧‧‧Capacity Room

11‧‧‧ Chassis ribs

12‧‧‧ support bar

2‧‧‧ Upper mold

20‧‧‧ Ontology

21‧‧‧Columnar cylinder

22‧‧‧Mould cavity

3‧‧‧ cover

31‧‧‧ Upper closure cover

32‧‧‧ lower vent cover

321‧‧‧ Internal Through Hole

322‧‧‧External through hole

323‧‧‧groove

324‧‧‧Circle Wall

33‧‧‧ Sponge

4‧‧‧Mushroom cultivation materials

5‧‧‧ shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies

90‧‧‧ Space Bag

91‧‧‧Mushroom cultivation materials

92‧‧‧ shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies

S01 ~ S07‧‧‧‧step

U01 ~ U05‧‧‧step

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a conventional method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms. FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a mushroom cultivation method of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows an exploded perspective view of a container used in an embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a combined side view of a container used in an embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 5 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of removing a container before the mushroom body is grown out according to the method for cultivating a mushroom of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the mushroom mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention, after the container is removed, a mushroom body is grown. FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a columnar cylinder of a container used in an embodiment of the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a state of air circulation in the lid of FIG. 9.

Claims (9)

A method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, comprising: preparing raw material for shiitake mushroom cultivation; sterilizing the raw material for shiitake mushroom cultivation; placing the sterilized raw material for shiitake mushroom cooling in a sterile environment to cool down; implanting the shiitake mushroom raw material after sterilization and cooling; Filling the lenticular mushroom cultivation raw material into a container having a columnar cylinder; and removing the container after the mycelium grows, exposing the lenticular mushroom cultivation raw material having a columnar surface. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization is performed at a high temperature of 100 to 120 ° C. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the sterilization time is 2 to 3 hours. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the sterilized raw material for shiitake mushrooms is cooled to 15-30 degrees Celsius in a sterile environment. The method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the sterilized raw material for shiitake mushrooms is cooled to 18-20 degrees Celsius in a sterile environment. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the container comprises: a chassis having a container; an upper mold having a body, the body can be covered above the container of the chassis, and the body is provided above the container. There are a plurality of cylindrical cylinders, and a plurality of mold cavities are formed inside the plurality of cylindrical cylinders, and the plurality of mold cavities are in communication with the chamber of the chassis; and a plurality of covers, the plurality of covers covering the plurality of cylindrical cylinders, respectively. Above the body. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the inner bottom surface of the chassis is provided with a plurality of support rods, and the lower surface of the body is provided with a plurality of convex rings respectively corresponding to the plurality of support rods, and the plurality of support rods can be top-supported The body of the upper mold. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of covers respectively include an upper closing cover and a lower ventilation cover, the upper closing cover covers the upper ventilation cover, and the lower ventilation cover is provided with a plurality of internal through holes. And several external through holes, the internal through holes communicate with the mold cavities, the external through holes communicate with the external space, and the external through holes communicate with the openings of the external space facing downward. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 6, wherein a sponge is provided between the upper closed cover and the lower breathable cover, and a groove is provided in the center of the upper surface of the lower breathable cover, and the sponge is located above the groove.