TWI661956B - Electric vehicle power supply system with multiple batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple sets of batteries. The power supply system includes multiple sets of batteries or even backup batteries. When the first battery runs out of power, it automatically and seamlessly switches to the second battery or even the backup battery. The battery can be exchanged to supply power and exchange charges to keep the electric vehicle running. In order to avoid the danger of accidents caused by the electric vehicle's out-of-light and out-of-control during driving; and one battery continues to supply power while the other battery is charging, the inconvenience of the vehicle's inability to continue to operate can be ignored when the electric vehicle battery is charged for a long time.

Description

Electric vehicle power supply system with multiple batteries

The invention relates to an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries. When the first battery of an electric vehicle runs out of power, it can automatically and seamlessly switch to a second battery or even a spare third battery. The battery can be exchanged to supply power, and the exchange charge can continue to supply power to the electric motor operator.

Power battery is the main bottleneck in the development of electric vehicles. Battery systems, charging and replacement of power stations, and a friendly and friendly vehicle environment are especially important. When an electric vehicle runs out of battery power, the battery protection circuit directly cuts off the power, causing the electric vehicle and locomotive to stop immediately when driving and completely stop the lights, and even panic and lose control, or cause the risk of accidents; Electricity, the vehicle cannot travel, causing inconvenience and distress, and must be pushed by a cart or a crane, which costs money and wastes time. Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in battery-powered systems.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries. When the first battery runs out, the driver can automatically and seamlessly switch to the second battery or even a spare third battery without any operation. Continue to supply power to the electric motor, so that the electric vehicle can continue to drive.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple sets of batteries. The main battery is divided into two or more batteries to reduce the size and weight of a single battery. It is particularly suitable for portable batteries of electric vehicles. Lighter and more convenient installation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries. The battery control device is integrated with the respective battery management system, and parts and circuit boards are shared to achieve streamlined circuits, no wiring, reduced volume, and reduced power consumption. Cost, vibration resistance, reliability, and streamlined battery control and management system devices.

The technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object is an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries. The power supply system serves as a power source for a motor drive controller, and the motor drive controller is connected to an electric vehicle motor. The power supply system It includes: a battery control circuit; a first battery and a second battery; a first power crystal and a second power crystal, the first power crystal is connected in series with the first battery and is its switching element; the second power The crystal is connected in series with the second battery and is its switching element. When the vehicle is in use, both the first battery and the second battery are fully charged, and the battery control circuit only selects one as the power output to start the electric vehicle; When the first battery is selected and used up, the second battery is switched to continue to supply power to continue driving. The battery control circuit includes a first NAND logic gate, a second NAND logic gate, and a third NAND. The logic gates are used for voltage detection, and the first NAND logic gate and the second NAND logic gate form a mutually exclusive chain circuit. When the output of the first NAND logic gate is in a low potential state, then The output of the second NAND logic gate is in a high potential state, and the first power crystal is in an on state, so that the first battery is output, and the electric vehicle starts to run; when the first battery runs out, it automatically switches to the first battery seamlessly. Two batteries continue to power.

When any one of the first battery or the second battery runs out of power, the battery control circuit issues an alarm or an underpower signal.

When the first battery is exhausted, the second battery is switched to continue to supply power, and the first battery is carried out for charging. After the battery is fully replaced, the second battery continues to supply power until the second battery is discharged. When the battery is exhausted, the first battery is switched to continue to supply power for cyclic exchange power supply and charging, so that the electric vehicle can continue to drive.

The power supply system further includes a power converter connected in parallel with a large-capacity capacitor and a series anti-reverse current diode as a power supply for the electrical equipment, so that the electrical equipment power supply device is switched during the switching of the power battery. It can still supply power without interruption, and is a device for seamless switching.

Another technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object is an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries. The power supply system is used as a power source of a motor drive controller. The motor drive controller is connected to an electric vehicle motor, and the power supply The system includes: a first battery and a first power crystal connected in series, the first power crystal being a switching element of the first battery; a second battery and a second power crystal connected in series with the second power crystal Is a switching element of the second battery; a third battery and a third power crystal connected in series, the third power crystal is a switching element of the third battery; a battery control circuit; when the vehicle is in use, the first The battery, the second battery, and the third battery are all fully charged, and the battery control circuit selects only one of the first battery and the second battery as the power output to make the electric vehicle start running; if the first battery is started to be selected When the first battery is exhausted, it is switched to the second battery to continue to supply power to the electric vehicle to continue driving, and the first battery is carried out for charging, and it will be replaced by the second battery after being fully replaced. Continue to supply power until the second battery runs out, and then switch to the first battery to continue to supply power in order to cycle power supply and charge, so that the electric vehicle continues to drive. If both the first battery and the second battery are forgotten When charging and all power is lost, it switches to the third battery connection to make the electric vehicle continue to drive; wherein the battery control circuit includes a first NAND logic gate, a second NAND logic gate, and a third NAND logic gate. Gate for voltage detection, and the first NAND logic gate and the second NAND logic gate form a mutually exclusive chain Circuit, when the output of the first NAND logic gate is in a low potential state, the output of the second NAND logic gate is in a high potential state, and the first power crystal is in an on state, so that the first battery outputs power to start the electric vehicle Driving; when the first battery runs out of power, the output of the second NAND logic gate turns to a low potential state, the first power crystal turns to an off state, and the output of the first NAND logic gate goes to a high potential state, so that The second power crystal is turned on and switched to the second battery for continuous power supply to continue the electric vehicle. After the first battery is taken out and charged, it will continue to be powered by the second battery after it is fully charged and then replaced. The second battery is exhausted, the second battery is removed for charging, and the first battery that is fully charged continues to supply power; when the first battery and the second battery forget to be charged, and then lose power at the same time, the third battery The NAND logic gate turns to a high-potential state, the third power crystal turns to a conducting state, and is powered by a third battery with a small backup capacity, which can still be a short-term driver.

When the first battery and the second battery are de-energized, the battery control circuit sends out alarms and signals of power shortage.

The third battery is provided with a dedicated backup charger for charging the third battery, so that the third battery can maintain a full capacity without external charging.

The power supply system further includes a power converter connected in parallel with a large-capacity capacitor and a series anti-reverse current diode as a power supply for the electrical equipment, so that the electrical equipment power supply device is switched during the switching of the power battery. It can still supply power without interruption, and is a device for seamless switching.

10‧‧‧ Motor Drive Controller

20‧‧‧ Power Converter

30‧‧‧ Battery Control Circuit

31‧‧‧Battery control circuit

40‧‧‧Charger

41‧‧‧Charge control circuit

B1‧‧‧First battery

B2‧‧‧Second Battery

B3‧‧‧Third battery

C1‧‧‧Capacitor

CONV1‧‧‧First Converter

CONV2‧‧‧Second Converter

CONV3‧‧‧Third Converter

D1‧‧‧anti-current diode

IC1‧‧‧The first NAND logic gate

IC2‧‧‧Second NAND logic gate

IC3‧‧‧Third NAND logic gate

NFB‧‧‧No Fuse Switch

OPC‧‧‧ Optocoupler

OPC1‧‧‧First Optocoupler

OPC2‧‧‧Second Optocoupler

OPC3‧‧‧Third Optocoupler

OPC4‧‧‧ Fourth Optocoupler

SOC‧‧‧ Underpowered Warning

PM‧‧‧ Electric Motor

Q1‧‧‧First Power Crystal

Q2‧‧‧Second Power Crystal

Q3‧‧‧Third Power Crystal

Q4‧‧‧ Fourth Power Crystal

Fig. 1 is a control circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a control circuit diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.

The technical content and detailed description of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments of the following drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a battery control circuit 30, a first battery B1, and a first power crystal Q1, a second battery B2, and a second power connected in series. Crystal Q2, power converter (DC / DC CONVERTER) 20, motor drive controller (DC / AC INVERTER) 10 and electric motor PM.

The first power crystal Q1 and the second power crystal Q2 have been prepared in respective battery management systems (not shown). Power converter (DC / DC CONVERTER) 20 converts the power supply (48V, 60V, 72V ~ 650V, etc.) into DC 12V (or 24V) to supply power to various electric components of the electric vehicle (various lamps, meters, electronic equipment) ......), the motor drive controller (DC / AC INVERTER) 10 converts the DC power source into AC three-phase voltage for the electric motor PM.

The first converter CONV ₁ and the second converter CONV ₂ are a battery control circuit 30 and a battery management system (not shown) of the first battery B1 and the second battery B2, respectively, and supply power to the battery control circuit 30. It is used to detect whether the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 have power.

In the battery control circuit 30, the first NAND logic gate IC1, the second NAND logic gate IC2, and the third NAND logic gate IC3 are used for voltage detection; and the first NAND logic gate IC1 and the second NAND logic gate IC2 are mutually exclusive. The interlocking circuit and the battery control circuit 30 use the interconnection of the optical coupler OPC as a conductive isolation, so that the secondary side outputs an underpower warning SOC and a power shortage warning signal.

When the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 are all charged, the outputs of the first converter CONV ₁ and the second converter CONV ₂ are both 15V, and the voltages of the two points A and B of the battery control circuit 30 are about 15V. (Both are high potential states).

Due to the mutually exclusive interlocking circuit composed of the first NAND logic gate IC1 and the second NAND logic gate IC2, the mutually exclusive chain circuit has two possible states. One is that if the output of the first NAND logic gate IC1 is in a low potential state Then, the output of the second NAND logic gate IC2 is in a high potential state; then the first power crystal Q1 is in an on state so that the first battery B1 is output; at this time, the second power crystal Q2 is in an off state and the second battery B2 cannot be output. When the vehicle is in use, the non-fuse switch NFB transmits power, is powered by the first battery B1, and is converted by the motor drive controller 10 into a three-phase AC power supply motor PM to output power to run the vehicle.

When the first battery B1 runs out, the first converter CONV _{1 has} no output, and the point A of the battery control circuit 30 is in a low potential state. At this time, because the second battery B2 is powered, the point B is in a high potential state. Because the first NAND logic gate IC1 and the second NAND logic gate IC2 are mutually exclusive, the output of the first NAND logic gate IC1 will be turned to a high potential state, the second power transistor Q2 will be turned on, and the second battery will be turned on. B2 takes over the output power. The output of the second NAND logic gate IC2 is in a low potential state. At this time, the first power crystal Q1 is in an off state, and the first battery B1 that has lost power is isolated.

When the second battery B2 continues to supply power until power is lost, it is the turn of the first battery B1 that has been fully charged and then replaced to continue to supply power. In this way, the electric power of any one electric battery is exhausted, and the battery is continuously powered by another fully charged battery. In this way, the two sets of electric batteries exchange power and exchange charges, so as not to affect the use of electric vehicles.

When any of the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 is out of power, one of points A or B of the opposite battery control circuit 30 is in a low potential state, then the third NAND logic The output of the brake IC3 is in a high potential state. By the connection of the optocoupler OPC, the secondary side under-power warning SOC sends an alarm signal to remind the user to charge immediately, and return to the reserve after full charge.

The circuit of the power converter 20 in FIG. 1 is used to supply power to the electrical equipment. The circuit formed by the anti-reverse diode D1 and the capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the power converter 20 can also make the power converter 20 The power supply is continuous and uninterrupted; seamless switching facilities that enable the power supply of various lamps, meters, and electronic equipment to be uninterrupted during the battery switchover, so as to avoid the risk of the vehicle's instantaneous loss of light and control.

As shown in FIG. 2, the control circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a battery control circuit 31, a third converter CONV ₃ , a first battery B1, a second battery B2, and a third battery for the equipment. B3; and the first battery B1, the second battery B2, and the backup third battery B3 are connected in series with the first power crystal Q1, the second power crystal Q2, and the third power crystal Q3, the power supply converter 20, and the motor drive controller 10, The electric motor PM and a fourth power crystal Q4 additionally provided with a charging control circuit 41.

The first power crystal Q1, the second power crystal Q2, and the third power crystal Q3 have been prepared in respective battery management systems. In addition, the third converter CONV ₃ converts the third battery B3 into a DC power of 15V for the power supply of the battery control circuit 31.

The battery control circuit 31 comprises a first NAND logic gate IC1, a second NAND logic gate IC2, and a third NAND logic gate IC3 to form a voltage detection circuit, and the first integrated circuit IC1 and the second NAND logic gate IC2 form a mutually exclusive chain. In addition, the first optical coupler OPC1 and the second optical coupler OPC2 can be used as electrical isolation for detecting whether the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 are electrically charged. If the first battery B1, the second battery B2, and the third battery B3 are fully charged, in the battery control circuit 31, the first optical coupler OPC1 and the second optical coupler OPC2 are connected to correspond to each other. Both points A and B are in a high potential state.

In the mutually exclusive chain circuit composed of the first NAND logic gate IC1 and the second NAND logic gate IC2, there are two possible states. For one, if the output of the first NAND logic gate IC1 is a low potential state, the second The output of NAND logic gate IC2 is high, so the first power crystal Q1 is on, so that the first battery B1 outputs power; the output of the first NAND logic gate IC1 is low, and the second power crystal Q2 is In the off state, the second battery B2 is not output.

When the first battery B1 loses power, point A of the battery control circuit 31 is in a low potential state, the output of the second NAND logic gate IC2 is in a low potential state, the first power transistor Q1 is in an off state, and the first battery B1 is isolated from the output At the same time, the second battery B2 is fully charged, so the point B of the battery control circuit 31 is in a high potential state, the output of the first NAND logic gate IC1 is in a high potential state, and the second power crystal Q2 is turned on, so that the second battery B2 continues to output power.

The first battery B1 is taken out and charged, and the car can continue to drive. After the first battery B1 is fully charged and then replaced, the second battery B2 continues to supply power, and until the second battery B2 is discharged, the fully charged first battery B1 continues to supply power, and the second battery B2 is removed and fully charged. Reset again. In this way, during the time when the power of any of the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 is exhausted and recharged, another fully-charged power battery can be continuously powered; that is, the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 can be powered alternately and charged alternately. Does not affect the use of the car.

As long as one of the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 is charged, the point C of the battery control circuit 31 is in a high potential state, and the secondary side of the third photocoupler OPC3 is in a conductive state, and the output T point is at a low potential. State, the fourth power crystal Q4 of the charge control circuit 41 is in an on state, and the internal charger 40 charges the third battery B3 to keep it fully charged at any time without external charging. Whether the battery control circuit 31 of this embodiment uses the third optical coupler OPC3 as the circuit isolation depends on each Whether the battery management system of the power battery needs to be determined.

When the first battery B1 and the second battery B2 lose power at the same time, the point C of the battery control circuit 31 is in a low potential state, and the secondary side of the third photocoupler OPC3 is in a closed state. The four power crystal Q4 is turned off, and the charging circuit of the third battery B3 is cut off. At the same time, the output point D of the third NAND logic gate IC3 is in a high potential state, and the fourth optical coupler OPC4 issues an alarm signal via its secondary-side under-power warning SOC to remind the user to the first battery B1, the first The second battery B2 is charged and replaced, and the low battery warning SOC alarm is driven in a power-saving manner. At the same time, the third power crystal Q3 is on, and it automatically switches to the third battery B3 with a smaller capacity and continues to supply power. The electric vehicle can continue to travel for a short distance of 10-20 kilometers.

When either the first battery B1 or the second battery B2 runs out of power, the battery control circuit 31 issues an alarm and a power failure signal.

The above-mentioned second embodiment of the present invention may also be provided with multiple sets of main batteries and backup batteries, and the battery control circuit automatically and seamlessly switches and controls the multiple sets of main batteries and backup batteries to successively automatically supply power or alternately charge.

The above description is a specific description of a feasible embodiment of the present invention, but this embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the patent of the invention. Any equivalent implementation or change that does not depart from the spirit of the invention should be included in the patent of this case. In range.

Claims (8)

An electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries includes: a battery control circuit (30); a first battery (B1) and a second battery (B2); a first power crystal (Q1) and a A second power crystal (Q2), the first power crystal (Q1) is connected in series to the first battery (B1) and is a switching element thereof, and the second power crystal (Q2) is connected in series to the second battery (B2) and is Its switching element; when the vehicle is in use, the first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2) are both fully charged, and the battery control circuit (30) selects only one as the power output to start the electric vehicle; When the first battery (B1) is selected and used up, it switches to the second battery (B2) to continue power supply to continue driving; wherein the battery control circuit (30) includes a first NAND logic gate (IC1) A second NAND logic gate (IC2) and a third NAND logic gate (IC3) are used for voltage detection, respectively, and the first NAND logic gate (IC1) and the second NAND logic gate (IC2) form a mutual exclusion. Interlocking circuit, when the output of the first NAND logic gate (IC1) is in a low potential state, the output of the second NAND logic gate (IC2) is in a high potential state, the first power The body (Q1) is in a conducting state, so that the first battery (B1) is output, so that the electric vehicle starts to run; when the first battery (B1) is used up, it automatically switches to the second battery (B2) and continues to supply power By. The electric vehicle power supply system with multiple sets of batteries as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the battery control circuit is used up when any of the first battery (B1) or the second battery (B2) is exhausted. (30) Those who send out alarms and under-power signals. As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application, an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple groups of batteries, wherein when the first battery (B1) runs out, the second battery (B2) is switched to continue to supply power, and the first battery (B1) will carry out the charging, and after the battery is fully replaced, the second battery (B2) will continue to supply power until the second battery (B2) runs out, then switch to the first battery (B1) to continue to supply power , For the cyclic exchange of power supply and charging, so that electric vehicles can continue to drive. The electric vehicle power supply system with multiple batteries according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the power supply system further includes a power converter (20) connected in parallel with a large-capacity capacitor (C1), and then connected in series with an anti-backflow two. The polar body (D1) is used as the power supply of the electrical equipment, so that the electrical equipment power supply device can still supply power without interruption during the switching of the power battery, and is a device for seamless switching. An electric vehicle power supply system with multiple sets of batteries. The power supply system includes a first battery (B1) and a first power crystal (Q1) connected in series with the first power crystal (Q1). B1) switching element; a second battery (B2) and a second power crystal (Q2) connected in series therewith, the second power crystal (Q2) is a switching element of the second battery (B2); a third battery (B3) and a third power crystal (Q3) connected in series, the third power crystal (Q3) is a switching element of the third battery (B3); a battery control circuit (31); when using a car, the The first battery (B1), the second battery (B2), and the third battery (B3) are fully charged. The battery control circuit (31) selects only one of the first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2). As the power output, the electric vehicle starts to run; if the first battery (B1) is selected, when the first battery (B1) is exhausted, it is switched to the second battery (B2) to continue supplying power to the electric vehicle. Continue driving, and the first battery (B1) is carried out for charging. After the battery is fully replaced, the second battery (B2) continues to supply power until the second battery (B2) runs out, and then it is switched to the battery. The first battery (B1) continues to supply power, and the electric vehicle continues to run in exchange for power supply and charging. If the first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2) both forget to charge and lose power, then Those who switch to the third battery (B3) to continue driving the electric vehicle; wherein, the battery control circuit (31) includes a first NAND logic gate (IC1), a second NAND logic gate (IC2), a first Three NAND logic gates (IC3) are used for voltage detection, and the first NAND logic gate (IC1) and the second NAND logic gate (IC2) form a mutually exclusive chain circuit. When the first NAND logic gate (IC1) The output is in a low potential state, the second NAND logic gate (IC2) is in a high potential state, and the first power crystal (Q1) is in an on state, so that the first battery (B1) outputs power to start the electric vehicle Driving; when the first battery (B1) runs out of power, the output of the second NAND logic gate (IC2) turns to a low potential state, the first power crystal (Q1) turns to an off state, the first NAND logic The output of the gate (IC1) is high, so that the second power crystal (Q2) is turned on and switched to the second battery (B2). The motor vehicle continues to drive. After the first battery (B1) is taken out for charging, after the battery is fully charged and then replaced, the second battery (B2) continues to supply power, and until the power of the second battery (B2) is discharged, remove the The second battery (B2) is charged, and the first battery (B1) that is fully charged continues to supply power; when the first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2) both forget to charge, and then lose power at the same time, the first battery The three NAND logic gates (IC3) are turned to a high-potential state, and the third power crystal (Q3) is turned to an on-state, and is powered by a third battery (B3) with a small backup capacity, which can still be a short-term driver. As described in item 5 of the scope of patent application, an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple batteries, wherein the battery control circuit (31) issues an alarm when the first battery (B1) and the second battery (B2) lose power. And those who are underpowered. As described in item 5 of the scope of the patent application, an electric vehicle power supply system with multiple sets of batteries, wherein the third battery (B3) is provided with a dedicated backup charger (40) for the third battery (B3) ), So that the third battery (B3) maintains a full charge without external charging. The electric vehicle power supply system with multiple batteries according to item 5 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the power supply system further includes a power supply converter (20) connected in parallel with a large-capacity capacitor (C1) and then connected in series with an anti-backflow two The polar body (D1) is used as the power supply of the electrical equipment, so that the electrical equipment power supply device can still supply power without interruption during the switching of the power battery, and is a device for seamless switching.