TWI660843B - 抗衝擊複合結構 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一種抗衝擊複合結構,包含:第一織物、第二織物層、不織布、纖維樹脂層以及高分子黏著劑。第一織物包含相對之表組織面及裏組織面,表組織面與裏組織面之間的厚度不小於2.0 mm。第二織物層具有前組織面及後組織面,前組織面及後組織面之纖維抗拉強度不小於10 g/d。不織布夾置於第一織物之裏組織面與第二織物層之前組織面。纖維樹脂層具有粗化表面,粗化表面貼合於第二織物層之後組織面。高分子黏著劑黏合第一織物、不織布、第二織物層及纖維樹脂層。
Description
本發明有關一種防護結構,且特別是有關一種具有防刺、防彈及防爆效能之抗衝擊複合結構。
隨著經濟發展,交通事故、持刀搶劫、校園槍擊各種危害人身安全的風險也頻繁出現,因此,具有防穿刺、防彈功能的防護用品的需求逐漸增加。現有防護用品是由多層高強度織物、陶瓷或金屬材料及黏合樹脂所組成,其中高強度織物主要採用芳香族聚醯胺纖維、超高分子量聚乙烯纖維。
芳香族聚醯胺纖維的密度為1.45 g/cm
3且具有高抗拉強度、高彈性模數的特性,但對強酸、強鹼、紫外光及摩擦的抵抗力較差;超高分子量聚乙烯纖維的分子量達200至600萬,纖維密度為0.96 g/cm
3具有高於芳香族聚醯胺纖維的抗拉強度、低伸長與質輕等特性,且對化學品、溫度、濕度、紫外光的抵抗力佳。目前,多數防護用品採用超高分子量聚乙烯纖維製成的高強度織物。
然而,超高分子量聚乙烯纖維的高疏水性與低表面活性的化學性質,纖維表面非常光滑而摩擦係數小,纖維之間的抱合力低,不利於紡紗織造,且與其他材料疊合製成防護用品時容易發生界面結合不良的問題,不僅影響製程良率及產品成本,更可能減損防護用品的防刺、防彈、防爆及耐用性等效能。因此,如何解決現有高強度纖維織物的加工、良率及耐用度等問題,提升防護用品的效能,即為發展本發明的主要目的。
為達上述目的,本發明提供一種抗衝擊複合結構,包含:第一織物、第二織物層、不織布、纖維樹脂層以及高分子黏著劑。第一織物包含相對之表組織面及裏組織面,表組織面與裏組織面之間的厚度不小於2.0 mm。第二織物層具有前組織面及後組織面,前組織面及後組織面之纖維抗拉強度不小於10 g/d。不織布夾置於第一織物之裏組織面與第二織物層之前組織面。纖維樹脂層具有粗化表面,粗化表面貼合於第二織物層之後組織面。高分子黏著劑黏合第一織物、不織布、第二織物層及纖維樹脂層。
於一實施例,上述第一織物之表組織面具有複數緯浮條紋,各緯浮條紋之高低落差不小於0.2 mm × 0.2 mm,相鄰二緯浮條紋相隔不大於12 mm。
於一實施例,上述第一織物之材料係聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纖維。
於一實施例,上述第二織物層包含相疊合之複數第二織物,位於上述第二織物層二側之二第二織物分別形成上述前組織面及上述後組織面。
於一實施例,上述第二織物之材料係聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纖維。
於一實施例,上述抗衝擊複合結構包含複數之上述不織布,分別夾置於上述第一織物之上述裏組織面與上述第二織物層之上述前組織面,及上述第二織物層之上述前組織面與上述後組織面。
於一實施例,上述不織布之材料係聚丙烯纖維。
於一實施例,上述纖維樹脂層之上述粗化表面之粗糙度不小於0.05 mm。
於一實施例,上述纖維樹脂層包含第三織物及可固化樹脂。
於一實施例,上述第三織物之材料係玻璃纖維或碳纖維,上述可固化樹脂係矽膠。
本發明之抗衝擊複合結構包含高抗拉強度的第一織物、不織布、第二織物層、具有粗化表面的纖維樹脂層以及高分子黏著劑,不織布及纖維樹脂層的粗化表面可提升不同織物的結合界面的強度、牢度及耐用度,有效提高抗衝擊複合結構的防刺、防彈、防爆等效能;再者,本發明之抗衝擊複合結構的質量輕、厚度薄且加工容易,可使用現有的雷射或其他裁切設備將抗衝擊複合結構裁切成防彈衣、防彈背包、防彈頭盔、防爆墊等各種防護用品所需形狀及尺寸,大幅降低防護用品的製造成本。
以下配合圖式及元件符號對本發明的實施方式做更詳細的說明,俾使本技術領域具有通常知識者在研讀本說明書後能據以實施。值得注意的是,為清楚展現本發明的主要特點,各圖僅以示意方式顯示主要元件之間的相對關係或運作方式,並非依據實際大小而繪製,所以圖中主要元件的厚度、大小、形狀、排列、配置等等都只是參考,並非用以限定本發明的範圍。
第1圖為本發明之抗衝擊複合結構的剖面示意圖。如第1圖所示,抗衝擊複合結構1包含:第一織物11、第二織物層12、不織布13、纖維樹脂層14以及高分子黏著劑15。第一織物11包含相對之表組織面111及裏組織面112,表組織面111與裏組織面112之間的厚度不小於2.0 mm。第二織物層12具有前組織面121及後組織面122,前組織面121及後組織面122之纖維抗拉強度不小於10 g/d。不織布13夾置於第一織物11之裏組織面112與第二織物層12之前組織面121。纖維樹脂層14具有粗化表面140,粗化表面140貼合於第二織物層12之後組織面122。高分子黏著劑15黏合第一織物11、不織布13、第二織物層12以及纖維樹脂層14。
第一織物11是最初對抗刀刃、槍彈、砲彈破片等高速衝擊力的結構,可選用具有高抗拉強度、高彈性模數的纖維,以平織機織造的高密度及高厚度平織布,朝向外部環境的經緯組織為表組織面111,與不織布13及第二織物層12等抗衝擊材料黏合的經緯組織為裏組織面112。
於一實施例,第一織物選用高強度聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)纖維,經緯紗的丹尼數不少於1200 D(例如但不限於:1680 D),以平織機對邊幅寬調整最大間隙織造,經紗密度不少於25條/吋,緯紗密度不少於19條/吋,表組織面111與裏組織面112之間的厚度例如是2.0、2.5或3.0 mm。凹凸的織物組織可分散刀刃、槍彈的衝擊力,增加織物的抗破壞強度,第一織物11的表組織面111可藉由間隔投放多股或較粗緯紗形成複數緯浮條紋(橫向條紋),各緯浮條紋之高低落差不小於0.2 mm × 0.2 mm,相鄰二緯浮條紋相隔不大於12 mm,例如但不限於:2、4、6、8、10或12 mm。
第二織物層12及不織布13是分散刀刃、槍彈、砲彈破片等高速衝擊力的結構。第二織物層12包含相疊合的複數第二織物,位於二側的第二織物,先接觸衝擊力的第二織物形成前組織面121,最後接觸衝擊力的第二織物形成後組織面122,各第二織物可選用具有高抗拉強度、高彈性模數的纖維。不織布13主要是將高分子經由高溫熔融、噴絲、鋪綱、熱壓卷取製成,具有強韌性及可撓度。
於一實施例,第二織物層12包含疊合的二第二織物,各第二織物為PET平織布,經緯紗的丹尼數不少於300 D(例如但不限於:420 D),各第二織物的重量/碼不大於第一織物11的重量/碼,前組織面121及後組織面122的二第二織物以經紗排列不同方向相疊合,例如前組織面121及後組織面122的經紗旋轉15、30、45、60、75、90度角排列;不織布13的材料選用聚丙烯纖維。
於另一實施例,不織布13除可夾置於第一織物11的裏組織面112與第二織物層12的前組織面121,還可夾置於第二織物層12的前組織面121與後組織面122;亦即,第一織物11與纖維樹脂層14之間可夾置複數不織布13/第二織物層12的組合,例如:第一織物11-不織布13-第二織物層14-不織布13-第二織物層12-第三織物14,以進一步提高抗衝擊複合結構1的效能。
纖維樹脂層14是防止刀刃、槍彈、砲彈破片穿透的結構,包含第三織物141及可固化樹脂142。第三織物141可選用具有高抗拉強度、耐高溫、高吸震性的纖維,可固化樹脂142可選用具有耐高溫、高吸震、防水、穩定性佳的樹脂。
於一實施例,可選用含有二氧化矽、氧化鋁、氧化鈣、氧化納、氧化硼的玻璃纖維布或碳纖維布作為第三織物141,選用含與玻璃纖維具有高親和性的矽膠作為可固化樹脂142,以製作纖維樹脂層14;高分子黏著劑15可選用環氧樹脂。
值得說明的是,高強度纖維具有高疏水性與低表面活性的化學性,即使使用高黏著性的黏著劑,二種不同高強度纖維織物結合界面的密合度及牢度仍無法達到防刀刺或槍擊的效能,本發明藉由不織布13及纖維樹脂層14的粗化表面140提高第一織物11、第二織物層12及纖維樹脂層14的結合界面的接觸面積及摩擦阻力,可使抗衝擊複合結構1的結合介面的強度及牢度達到防刺、防彈及防爆材料的要求。
以具體例說明本發明之抗衝擊複合結構之製造方法。首先,以液體矽膠雙面塗覆玻璃纖維布(臺灣玻璃工業股份有限公司,臺玻直卷紗束346,2300+-230 tex),使用塗層機於25至150 ℃的溫度,加壓0.5-3小時,乾燥72小時以上,再以1000目的碳化矽砂布粗化玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構的表面。其次,以液態環氧樹脂塗佈玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構的粗化表面及高強度PET布(經緯紗均為420D的平織布)的表面,使用多輪貼合機於50至120 ℃的溫度,50至70轉/小時的轉速,加壓貼合PET布及玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構,乾燥48小時以上;再以液態環氧樹脂塗佈另一高強度PET布(經緯紗均為420D的平織布)及PET布-玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構的表面,使用多輪貼合機於50至120 ℃的溫度,50至70轉/小時的轉速,加壓貼合PET布及PET-玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構,乾燥48小時以上。接著,以液態環氧樹脂塗佈PP不織布及PET布-PET布-玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構的表面,使用多輪貼合機於50至120 ℃的溫度,50至70轉/小時的轉速,加壓貼合PP不織布及PET布-PET布-玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構,乾燥48小時以上。最後,以液態環氧樹脂塗佈面料級PET布(經緯紗均為1680D的平織布)及PP不織布-PET布-PET布-玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構的表面,使用雙輪平壓貼合機於70度-150 ℃, 30-50轉/小時的轉速,加壓貼合面料級PET布及不織布-PET布-PET布-玻璃纖維布-矽膠複合結構,乾燥72小時以上,即可完成抗本發明之抗衝擊複合結構。
抗衝擊複合結構1可採用卷對卷的方式製造,再使用鐳射裁切成防護產品所需的尺寸,若選用玻璃纖維布作為纖維樹脂層的材料,由於裁切含有玻璃纖維布的抗衝擊複合結構1會產生玻璃纖維毛邊,影響後續加工及使用,可對抗衝擊複合結構1的裁切面進行油邊處理。
根據英國抗穿刺測試標準BS EB 388: 216, 6.5,測試本發明之抗衝擊複合結構;測試結果,本發明之抗衝擊複合結構可抵抗3300 N/M
2衝擊力。以9 mm子彈射擊本發明之抗衝擊複合結構,測定V
50(50%子彈攔截而50%完全穿透的子彈初速);測試結果,本發明之抗衝擊複合結構抗槍擊的V
50可達到 500 m/sec以上。由各種衝擊測試結果可知,本發明結合各種纖維及樹脂材料所製成之抗衝擊複合結構具有強大的防護力,可有效抵抗刀刃、槍彈、砲彈破片的衝擊力。
綜上所述,本發明之抗衝擊複合結構包含高抗拉強度的第一織物、不織布、第二織物層、具有粗化表面的纖維樹脂層以及高分子黏著劑,不織布及纖維樹脂層的粗化表面可提升不同高強度織物結合界面的強度、牢度及耐用度,有效提高抗衝擊複合結構的防刺、防彈、防爆等效能;再者,本發明之抗衝擊複合結構的質量輕、厚度薄且加工容易,可使用現有的雷射或其他裁切設備將抗衝擊複合結構裁切成防彈衣、防彈背包、防彈頭盔、防爆墊等各種防護用品所需形狀及尺寸,大幅降低防護用品的製造成本,達成本發明之目的。
上述實施例僅例示性說明本發明之原理及其功效,而非用於限制本發明。任何熟習此項專業之人士均可在不違背本發明之精神及範疇下,對上述實施例進行修飾與改變。因此,舉凡所屬技術領域中具有此項專業知識者,在未脫離本發明所揭示之精神與技術原理下所完成之一切等效修飾或改變,仍應由本發明之申請專利範圍所涵蓋。
1‧‧‧抗衝擊複合結構
11‧‧‧第一織物
12‧‧‧第二織物層
13‧‧‧不織布
14‧‧‧纖維樹脂層
15‧‧‧高分子黏著劑
111‧‧‧表組織面
112‧‧‧裏組織面
121‧‧‧前組織面
122‧‧‧後組織面
140‧‧‧粗化表面
141‧‧‧第三織物
142‧‧‧可固化樹脂
第1圖為本發明之抗衝擊複合結構的剖面示意圖。
Claims (8)
- 一種抗衝擊複合結構,包含:第一織物,包含相對之表組織面及裏組織面,該表組織面與該裏組織面之間的厚度不小於2.0mm;第二織物層,具有前組織面及後組織面,該前組織面及該後組織面之纖維抗拉強度不小於10g/d;至少一不織布,夾置於該第一織物之該裏組織面與該第二織物層之該前組織面;纖維樹脂層,具有粗化表面,該粗化表面貼合於該第二織物層之該後組織面,且包含:第三織物及可固化樹脂,其中該第三織物之材料係玻璃纖維或碳纖維,該可固化樹脂係矽膠;以及高分子黏著劑,黏合該第一織物、該不織布、該第二織物層及該纖維樹脂層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述抗衝擊複合結構,其中該第一織物之該表組織面具有複數緯浮條紋,各該緯浮條紋之高低落差不小於0.2mm×0.2mm,相鄰二該緯浮條紋相隔不大於12mm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述抗衝擊複合結構,其中該第一織物之材料係聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述抗衝擊複合結構,其中該第二織物層包含相疊合之複數第二織物,位於該第二織物層二側之該二第二織物分別形成該前組織面及該後組織面。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述抗衝擊複合結構,其中該等第二織物之材料係聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述抗衝擊複合結構,包含複數之該不織布,分別夾置於該第一織物之該裏組織面與該第二織物層之該前組織面,及該第二織物層之該前組織面與該後組織面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述抗衝擊複合結構,其中該不織布之材料係聚丙烯纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述抗衝擊複合結構,其中該纖維樹脂層之該粗化表面之粗糙度不小於0.05mm。
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