TWI658006B - 水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法 - Google Patents
水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI658006B TWI658006B TW106121025A TW106121025A TWI658006B TW I658006 B TWI658006 B TW I658006B TW 106121025 A TW106121025 A TW 106121025A TW 106121025 A TW106121025 A TW 106121025A TW I658006 B TWI658006 B TW I658006B
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- Prior art keywords
- oil spill
- oil
- area
- reducing agent
- water
- Prior art date
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- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 270
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- -1 alkyl sulfosuccinate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 36
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- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241001125840 Coryphaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y10S210/918—Miscellaneous specific techniques
- Y10S210/922—Oil spill cleanup, e.g. bacterial
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Abstract
本發明提供一種水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,具有快速有效及即環保性之特性,可於短時間內清理溢油。該方法包括:使用溢油面積縮減劑接觸受溢油覆蓋之地區或物體;其中該溢油面積縮減劑包括磺基琥珀酸酯和一穩定劑。本發明之溢油處理方法可用於清理受溢油汙染之陸地、水域、及生物體,也可應用於回受溢油,供作資源利用,同時減少所會導致的環境汙染。
Description
本發明係關於一種水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,可快速清理溢油,並達成環境保護之目的。
各類油品,尤其是原油及重油的溢油,是常見的環保災害,不僅會造成海域、陸地、海岸、礁岩之環境污染,還會危害海洋生物的生存,容易發生爆炸和火災,釀成嚴重的人員傷亡,甚至導致溢油地區經濟的破壞與損失。每年由於人類的活動而進入海洋的石油超過千萬噸,其中約有五分之一的溢油是由海上油井井噴事故和油輪事故所造成的,而上述的負面影響還有可能會是長期的。
目前主要的溢油清理方式是先用圍油欄將溢油限制在一定範圍之内,然後採取下列的措施以進行清理:機械回收法、化學法、生物法或燃燒法。
其中,機械回收法使用特定機械回收溢油,但是此種傳統的措施經常受到外在條件的限制只能在非開闊水域和港口、或海面較平靜、以及油層較薄等情况之下使用。機械回收法經常是費時的,即便再加上高壓水或高溫水的處理方式,其溢油的清理效果仍緩慢而並不完全。此外,海洋生物(魚、龜、蝦、蟹、海豚、和水鳥等等)所遭受到的溢油危害也難用機械回收法在短時間內得以解除,經常導致大量的死亡。
此外,化學法主要是使用化學散油劑使溢油分散成很小的微粒,在通過微生物的作用隨著海流和潮汐逐漸分解消失。另一種化學法則是使用凝固劑,使海面溢油變成凝膠,再予以回收。雖然化學法是目前處理海上溢油的主要手段之一,但是依據研究上述的化學法都有缺點。化學散油劑無法進行溢油的回收,而是任由海流和潮汐去分解大面積、已經被分散成很小的微粒溢油。事實上,這是一種拋棄式的不環保措施。由於一般的化學散油劑都含有機溶劑、芳烴物質及乳化劑,因此經常反而擴大溢油污染的水域面積和深度,造成水質短期與長期的更廣泛危害。雖然化學散油劑已在在全球和常規應用作為對海洋生態系統中溢油的應急措施,其目的是增強溢油在水中的溶解,假設能夠因此而刺激微生物進行生物降解溢油。事實上,迄今關於化學散油劑如何影響微生物群的組成或其生物降解活性所知甚少,近日之相關研究報導也指出多年之後,溢油仍然污染該處的陸地與水域。至於化學凝固劑,在使用之後,可能變成大量無法處理的廢棄物,因為這是一種造成二次污染的緊急應變措施,所以只能實施於小的範圍。上述各種化學法明顯都會造成水域的長期汙染,無法進行溢由的回收與利用,完全是一種資源的浪費。
另,生物法是利用海洋中某些微生物較強的氧化和分解能力以達到清除溢油的目的。因此在溢油海區散布營養物質,使微生物大量繁殖以促進溢油的氧化和分解。但是生物法難以控制,潛伏著影響原有海洋生態的危險。
最後,燃燒法是採用燃燒清理海上溢油。燃燒法的使用需要及時實施,油膜厚度至少要有3mm,否則會影響燃燒法的進行效果。此外,燃燒法還受到天候與燃燒地區的安全限制。事實上,燃燒法是完全與減碳的環保方針背道而馳。
對於海洋生物而言,溢油污染是一種具有嚴重殺傷性的環境污染,不只造成海洋生物的大量死亡,而且負面影響道受溢油污染水陸的經濟環境。目前,營救海洋生物的方法是首先使用人工刮除或有機溶劑溶解海洋生物體上的黏稠溢油,然後經過重複使用清潔劑清除溢油污染,以解救海洋生物的生命。但是,這種方式非常繁瑣,耗時而緩慢,經常未能及時拯救受溢油污染的海洋生物,所以依然導致絕大部分的死亡。總而言之,如何能夠快速從生物體上脫除溢油污染是解救生物的首要課題。
綜觀上述目前的溢油清理方式都各自具有環保的顧慮,使用條件的限制及後續缺點。尤其是溢油非常容易受到天候之影響而迅速覆蓋廣大的水域,增加清理之困難及環境之污染。眾所皆知,溢油發生的頻率日漸增多,溢油發生的地點也無法預料,這已經造成了水陸環境與海洋生物生存的嚴重破壞問題,也可能導致對於人體健康,自然生態和經濟資源的危害,一種快速有效及具有環保性的溢油清理方法正是極為需要。
本發明之目的係提供一種水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法。
為達成前述發明目的,本發明提供一種水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,包括: 提供一溢油面積縮減劑,其中該溢油面積縮減劑包括磺基琥珀酸酯和一穩定劑; 於溢油覆蓋之區域上,使用該溢油面積縮減劑接觸溢油;以及 使用一聚烯烴材料吸附溢油,供作資源之回收與利用。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該磺基琥珀酸酯係烷基磺基琥珀酸酯如式I所示:
(I); 其中,R
1和R
2係彼此相同或相異之烷基。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該磺基琥珀酸酯和該穩定劑之比例係介於1:10至10:1。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該磺基琥珀酸酯和該穩定劑之比例係介於3:7至7:3。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該烷基磺基琥珀酸酯係選自單烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、二烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、多烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、及其至少二者之任意組合所構成之群組。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該烷基磺基琥珀酸酯之R
1或R
2具有C
1-C
18之烷基。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該穩定劑係醇類穩定劑。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該穩定劑係選自烷基一元醇類、烷基二元醇類、烷基多元醇類、烷基二元醇類聚醚衍生物、及其至少二者之任意組合所構成之群組。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該溢油面積縮減劑係磺基琥珀酸酯和多元醇之重量百分比為十萬分之一至十分之一。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中聚烯烴係聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或其組合。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該聚烯烴材料係聚烯烴之顆粒狀、片狀、不規則狀之材料。
於本發明較佳實施例,其中該聚烯烴材料係單層或多層之氣泡片、泡沫版、瓦楞板、或棉花。
於本發明較佳實施例,該方法係將該溢油面積縮減劑噴灑至受溢油汙染之區域以縮減溢油區。
於本發明較佳實施例,該方法係用於受溢油汙染之陸地、海岸、海域、礁岩、或砂石之溢油清理。
於本發明較佳實施例,該方法係用於受溢油汙染之生物體表面之溢油清理。
於本發明較佳實施例,該方法係可用於受溢油之資源回收。
本發明之新穎技術特徵,包含特定特徵,係揭示於申請專利範圍,針對本發明之技術特徵,較佳之理解茲配合說明書、依據本發明原理之實施例、和圖式將本創作較佳之實施例詳細說明如下。
圖1A係本發明之溢油處理方法之流程圖。於本實施例中,該溢油處理方法包括:將本發明提供之溢油面積縮減劑(oil spilled area shrinking agent,簡稱OSASA)稀釋於水中;再以噴灑或噴霧方式將溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液噴於溢油覆蓋水域之上或釋放於溢油散佈水域之中,藉此達到快速縮減溢油面積之目的。該溢油面積縮減劑不只可以防止溢油之乳化,而且避免溢油廣泛地散布,造成汙染水域範圍的擴大。
圖1B提供一可混合並噴灑溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液之裝置之示意圖;該裝置包括:溢油面積縮減劑槽1;水槽2;混合槽3,用於混合溢油面積縮減劑和水,形成溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液;儲存槽4,用於儲存混合後之溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液;以及噴灑元件,用於釋放、噴灑、或噴霧該溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液於溢油覆蓋表面。
該溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液與溢油接觸後,可以立即縮減溢油覆蓋區域之面積。進一步地,本發明使用聚烯烴材料吸收溢油,可以容易將
使溢油自水域分離。在捕捉吸附溢油之後,可使用物理方法(例如壓榨、離心、或傾注)或化學方法(例如破乳),使該聚烯烴材料與溢油分離,以回收溢油作資源的利用,同時避免水域之長期汙染。
圖2係本發明提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,其具體實施結果,其中圖2A係表示溢油覆蓋於水面上且尚未進行溢油處理;圖2B係噴灑溢油面積縮減劑後,溢油覆蓋面積縮減,且水面上溢油聚集於小面積區域;圖2C係使用聚烯烴材料吸收溢油,令溢油附著於聚烯烴材料上;吸收後,聚烯烴材料自水面分離,聚烯烴材料可顯著地將溢油吸附(圖2D),並且水面無明顯溢油殘留(圖2E)。聚烯烴材料中所被吸附的溢油可以各種方式分離出來,供作資源之回收與利用。
本發明提供之溢油處理方法之具體實施例於下文說明。
實施例1
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 1:1 |
濃度 | 1.3% |
噴灑量 | 0.3 ml |
溢油油品 | 委內瑞拉Merey-16高稠原油 密度(20 oC): 0.956 kg/m3 運動粘度(50 oC): 191 cst |
受溢油污染物質 | 自來水(50 ml) |
溢油量 | 2 ml |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在1秒間縮減為約20% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為1:1之1.3%水溶液,噴灑量為0.3毫升(ml)。
本實施例使用之溢油油品係委內瑞拉Merey-16高稠原油;其密度(20
oC)係0.956 公斤(kg)/平方公尺(m
3);其運動粘度(50℃)係191厘拖(cSt);另使用50ml自來水作為受溢油汙染水域,溢油量係2ml,與自來水混合後,自來水之溢油覆蓋面積為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之水域;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察水面之溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待水面之溢油面積縮減後,使用一片直徑7公分(cm)、重量0.25克(g)之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片重複5次吸附前述覆蓋面積縮減後之受溢油汙染水域,再觀察該水域之清澈情況。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖3A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於水面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之20%(圖3B);此外,以該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液清理水域之後,該水域之水質清澈情況明顯改善(圖4)。
實施例2
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 1:1 |
濃度 | 1.3% |
噴灑量 | 0.3 ml |
溢油油品 | 委內瑞拉Boscan高稠原油 密度(20℃): 0.99 kg/m3 運動粘度(50℃): 3116 cst |
受溢油污染物質 | 自來水(50 ml) |
溢油量 | 2 ml |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在1秒間縮減為約15% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為1:1之1.3%水溶液,噴灑量為0.3ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品係委內瑞拉Boscan高稠原油;其密度(20
oC)係0.99 kg/m
3;其運動粘度(50℃)係3116 cSt;另使用50ml自來水作為受溢油汙染水域,溢油量係2ml,與自來水混合後,自來水之溢油覆蓋面積為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之水域;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察水面之溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待水面之溢油面積縮減後,使用5片直徑7cm、重量0.25g之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片重複5次吸附前述覆蓋面積縮減後之受溢油汙染水域,再觀察該水域之清澈情況。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖5A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於水面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之15%(圖5B);此外,以該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液清理水域之後,該水域之水質清澈情況明顯改善(圖6)。
實施例3
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 1:1 |
濃度 | 3% |
噴灑量 | 0.3 ml |
溢油油品 | 委內瑞拉Boscan高稠原油 密度(20℃): 0.99 kg/m3 運動粘度(50℃): 3116 cst |
受溢油污染物質 | 3,5%含鹽量的鹽水 (50 ml) |
溢油量 | 2 ml |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在1秒間縮減為約15% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為1:1之3%水溶液,噴灑量為0.3ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品係委內瑞拉Boscan高稠原油;其密度(20
oC)係0.99 kg/m
3;其運動粘度(50℃)係3116 cSt;另使用50ml鹽水(3.5%)作為受溢油汙染水域,溢油量係2ml,與自來水混合後,自來水之溢油覆蓋面積為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之水域;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察水面之溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待水面之溢油面積縮減後,使用5片直徑7cm、重量0.25g之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片重複5次吸附前述覆蓋面積縮減後之受溢油汙染水域,再觀察該水域之清澈情況。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖7A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於水面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之15%(圖7B);此外,以該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液清理水域之後,該水域之水質清澈情況明顯改善(圖8)。
實施例4
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 2:1 |
濃度 | 1.3% |
噴灑量 | 0.3 ml |
溢油油品 | 重油 |
受溢油污染物質 | 自來水(50 ml) |
溢油量 | 2 ml |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在1秒間縮減為約15% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為2:1之1.3%水溶液,噴灑量為0.3ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品為重油;另使用50ml自來水作為受溢油汙染水域,溢油量係2ml,與自來水混合後,自來水之溢油覆蓋面積為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之水域;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察水面之溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待水面之溢油面積縮減後,使用5片直徑7cm、重量0.25g之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片重複5次吸附前述覆蓋面積縮減後之受溢油汙染水域,再觀察該水域之清澈情況。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖9A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於水面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之15%(圖9B);此外,以該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液清理水域之後,該水域之水質清澈情況明顯改善(圖10)。
實施例5
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 7:3 |
濃度 | 3% |
噴灑量 | 0.5 ml |
溢油油品 | 重油 |
受溢油污染物質 | 石塊 |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在5秒間縮減為約15% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為7:3之3%水溶液,噴灑量為0.5ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品為重油;另使用石塊作為受溢油汙染之物質;石塊與重油混合後,石塊之溢油覆蓋面積為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之石塊表面;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察石塊表面溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待石塊表面溢油面積縮減後,將石塊浸泡於50ml水中;使用5片直徑7cm、重量0.25g之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片,重複5次吸附水中溢油;再自水中取出石塊,待其乾燥後觀察石塊乾淨情況。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖11A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於石塊表面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之15%(圖11B);此外,以該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液清理石塊之後,該石塊乾淨情況明顯改善(圖12);水質清澈情況亦明顯改善。
實施例6
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 1:1 |
濃度 | 1% |
噴灑量 | 0.3 ml |
溢油油品 | 重油 |
受溢油污染物質 | 鳥類羽毛 |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在10秒間縮減為約20% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為1:1之1%水溶液,噴灑量為0.3ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品為重油;另使用禽鳥類羽毛作為受溢油汙染之物質;羽毛與重油混合後,羽毛之溢油覆蓋面積為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之羽毛表面;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察羽毛表面溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待羽毛表面溢油面積縮減後,將羽毛浸泡於50ml水中;使用4片直徑7cm、重量0.25g之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片,重複4次吸附水中溢油;再自水中取出羽毛,待其乾燥後觀察羽毛乾淨情況。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖13A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於羽毛表面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之20%(圖13B);此外,以該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液清理羽毛之後,該羽毛乾淨情況明顯改善(圖14);水質清澈情況亦明顯改善。
實施例7
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 7:3 |
濃度 | 3% |
噴灑量 | 0.5 ml |
溢油油品 | 重油 |
受溢油污染物質 | 砂石 |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 100% |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在5秒間縮減為約15% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為7:3之1%水溶液,噴灑量為1.0ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品為重油;另使用50g砂作為受溢油汙染之物質;砂與重油混合後、尚未清理之前,砂中有溢油覆蓋滲入(圖15)。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:先加入70ml水,再該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋水面;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,浮出溢油覆蓋面積立即縮減(圖15)。進一步地,待水面溢油面積縮減後,使用6片直徑7cm、重量0.25g之圓形聚乙烯平面氣泡片,攪拌並重複6次吸附水中溢油;再分離水和砂,待其乾燥後觀察砂乾淨情況和水乾淨情況(圖16)。
實施例8
實施方法簡述:
溢油面積縮減劑配方 | 二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 = 2:1 |
濃度 | 1.6% |
噴灑量 | 0.3 ml |
溢油油品 | 重油 |
受溢油污染物質 | 自來水(50g) |
溢油量 | 10g |
清理之前溢油覆蓋面積 | 共133平方公分(100%) |
清理之後溢油覆蓋面積 | 在1秒間縮減為約20% |
本實施例使用之溢油面積縮減劑係二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯:丙二醇 比例為2:1之1.6%水溶液,噴灑量為0.3ml。
本實施例使用之溢油油品係重油;另使用50g自來水作為受溢油汙染水域,溢油量係10g,與自來水混合後,自來水之溢油覆蓋面積共133平方公分,並且覆蓋率為100%。
本實施例中,溢油處理方法包括:將該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液,以噴灑或噴霧之方式,散佈於溢油覆蓋之水域;待噴灑後溢油面積縮減劑和溢油充分接觸,並觀察水面之溢油面積之縮減。進一步地,待水面之溢油面積縮減後,使用尺寸為11cm×11cm、重量約0.44g之方形聚乙烯平面氣泡片重複4次吸收前述覆蓋面積縮減後之受溢油汙染水域,再觀察該水域之清澈情況;另,以物理方法擠壓出聚乙烯氣泡片吸附之溢油。
原先溢油覆蓋面積為100%(圖17A),經該溢油面積縮減劑之水溶液噴灑於水面上、並且接觸溢油後,覆蓋面積立即縮減為原先覆蓋面積之20%,再放入聚乙烯氣泡片(圖17B)。待聚乙烯氣泡片吸附溢油之後,擠壓出聚乙烯氣泡片吸附之溢油(圖18B),同時水域可恢復清澈;總共回收溢油9.42g,扣除10%氣泡片可能夾帶的水份,其擠壓出一由總量為總重之90%,即8.48g(9.42 g×90% = 8.48 g)。即是說,本發明所提供之方法,可回收原有溢油之84.8%,作為再利用。
綜本說明書實施例所揭示,本發明提供一種水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,可達成之功效包括: 1. 本發明提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,包括於受汙染區域噴灑溢油面積縮減劑,能迅速縮減溢油覆蓋面積;一方面於短時間內控制受溢油影響的範圍,另一方面提升後續溢油清理的效率; 2. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法在迅速縮減溢油區的覆蓋面積之後,進一步使用與溢油有較強親和力的聚乙烯(PE)類材質或聚丙烯(PP)類材質以吸收及清理溢油; 3. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,其中該溢油面積縮減劑完全不含任何有機溶劑、或芳烴物質,無毒且對生物無害,而且可以生物降解; 4. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,其中該溢油面積縮減劑與化學散油劑不同,非倚賴使溢油分散成微粒,通過微生物的作用隨著海流和潮汐讓溢油逐漸分解消失;所以不會造成海水水質的長期污染; 5. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,進一步使用與溢油有較強親和力的聚乙烯(PE)類材質或聚丙烯(PP)類材質以吸收及清理溢油,因此可以高效率減少溢油之環境污染及經濟損害; 6. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法適用於含鹽之鹽水,例如海水; 7. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法可以高效率快速進行海域、陸地、海岸、或礁岩之溢油清理; 8. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法可以高效率迅速進行海洋生物之溢油清理,能夠迅速緩解溢油污染對於海洋生物的傷害; 9. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,於清理溢油之後的溢油可以經過物理方式(壓榨、離心、傾注等等)或化學方式(破乳等),分離及回收其中溢油;回收之後所獲得的油品可以應用於油品再生或將過物理方式處理後的聚乙烯(PE)類材質或聚丙烯(PP)類材質可以作為燃料使用;以及 10. 本發明所提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法具有快速性、高效性、方便性與經濟性等特點。
於本說明書較佳實施例揭示之內容,本發明所屬領域具有通常知識者可明顯得知前述實施例僅為例示;具本發明所屬技術領域通常知識者可藉由諸多變換、替換而實施,而不與本發明之技術特徵有所差異。依據說明書實施例,本發明可有多種變換仍無礙於實施。本說明書提供之請求項界定本發明之範圍,該範圍涵蓋前述方法與結構及與其相等之發明。
溢油面積縮減劑槽1 水槽2 混合槽3 儲存槽4
圖1係本發明之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法之(A)流程圖;以及(B)可混合並噴灑溢油面積縮減劑稀釋水溶液之裝置之示意圖。 圖2係本發明提供之水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,其具體實施結果。 圖3係本發明實施例1中,(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理後溢油面積縮減結果。 圖4係本發明實施例1中,清理溢油後水質清澈情況。 圖5係本發明實施例2中,(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理後溢油面積縮減結果。 圖6係本發明實施例2中,清理溢油後水質清澈情況。 圖7係本發明實施例3中,(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理後溢油面積縮減結果。 圖8係本發明實施例3中,清理溢油後水質清澈情況。 圖9係本發明實施例4中,(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理後溢油面積縮減結果。 圖10係本發明實施例4中,清理溢油後水質清澈情況。 圖11係本發明實施例5中,(A)清理溢油之前石塊表面以及(B)噴灑溢油面積縮減劑清理溢油後石塊表面乾淨情況。 圖12係本發明實施例5中,聚乙烯吸收溢油後石塊表面乾淨情況。 圖13係本發明實施例6中,(A)清理溢油之前羽毛表面以及(B)噴灑溢油面積縮減劑清理溢油後羽毛表面乾淨情況。 圖14係本發明實施例6中,聚乙烯吸收溢油後羽毛表面乾淨情況。 圖15係本發明實施例7中,(A)清理溢油前油和砂混合狀態、(B)加入水後溢油浮起之狀態、以及(C) 噴灑溢油面積縮減劑後溢油面積縮減結果。 圖16係本發明實施例7中,(A)使用噴灑溢油面積縮減劑清理溢油砂乾淨情況、(B)進一步使用聚乙烯平面氣泡片吸附溢油後乾淨情況、以及(C)清理後分離水和砂之結果。 圖17係本發明實施例8中,(A)使用噴灑溢油面積縮減劑清理溢油,未縮減面積前之情況,以及(B)縮減面積後,開始使用聚乙烯平面氣泡片進行吸附溢油後。 圖18係本發明實施例8中,壓出聚乙烯平面氣泡片中所吸附溢油的情況。
Claims (12)
- 一種水陸及生物用強化溢油處理方法,包括提供一溢油面積縮減劑,其中該溢油面積縮減劑包括磺基琥珀酸酯和一穩定劑;於溢油覆蓋之區域上,使用該溢油面積縮減劑接觸溢油;以及使用一聚烯烴材料吸收溢油;其中該穩定劑係醇類穩定劑;其中該磺基琥珀酸酯係烷基磺基琥珀酸酯如式I所示:其中R1和R2係具有C1-C18之烷基以及彼此相同或相異;其中該磺基琥珀酸酯和該穩定劑之比例係介於1:10至10:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該磺基琥珀酸酯和該穩定劑之比例係介於3:7至7:3。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該烷基磺基琥珀酸酯係選自單烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、二烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、多烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、及其至少二者之任意組合所構成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該穩定劑係選自烷基二元醇類、烷基多元醇類、烷基二元醇類聚醚衍生物、及其至少二者之任意組合所構成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該溢油面積縮減劑係磺基琥珀酸酯和多元醇之重量百分比為十萬分之一至十分之一。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中聚烯烴係聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該聚烯烴材料係聚烯烴之顆粒狀、片狀、不規則狀之材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該聚烯烴材料係單層或多層之氣泡片、泡沫版、瓦楞板、或棉花。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,該方法係將該溢油面積縮減劑噴灑至受溢油汙染之區域以縮減溢油區。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,該方法係用於受溢油汙染之陸地、海岸、海域、礁岩、或砂石之溢油清理。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,該方法係用於受溢油汙染之生物體表面之溢油清理。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至9項其中任一所述之方法,該方法係用於溢油資源之回收與利用。
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CN201810035202.8A CN109107540B (zh) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-01-15 | 水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法 |
US15/985,824 US11059274B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-05-22 | Method of enhanced treatment of a spilled oil on an oil-spilled contaminated area |
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CN101787107A (zh) * | 2010-02-21 | 2010-07-28 | 中国人民解放军63975部队 | 一种吸油性聚氨酯泡沫材料 |
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US3770627A (en) * | 1971-12-07 | 1973-11-06 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Containing and removing oil spills on water |
US4332854A (en) * | 1975-05-22 | 1982-06-01 | Parker James H | Polypropylene oil removal structure |
US5391415A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-02-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Article for absorbing oils |
FR2743815B1 (fr) * | 1996-01-22 | 1999-02-19 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de traitement d'un milieu aqueux pollue par des hydrocarbures et composition desemulsifiante et dispersante a base d'esters de polyglycerols |
WO2005115603A2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-12-08 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Corp-Urc-Sw348 | Oil spill dispersants and dispersion methods |
US8894861B2 (en) | 2010-09-25 | 2014-11-25 | Advanced Biocatalytics Corporation | Method of herding and collection of oil spilled at the aquatic surface |
US10435308B2 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2019-10-08 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Enhanced foam fractionation of oil phase from aqueous/oil mixed phase via increased viscoelasticity |
US9861954B2 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-01-09 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Polyolefin interpenetrated network material for hydrocarbon recovery |
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