CN109107540A - 水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法 - Google Patents

水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法 Download PDF

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CN109107540A
CN109107540A CN201810035202.8A CN201810035202A CN109107540A CN 109107540 A CN109107540 A CN 109107540A CN 201810035202 A CN201810035202 A CN 201810035202A CN 109107540 A CN109107540 A CN 109107540A
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oil
oil spilling
oil spill
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CN109107540B (zh
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江丰明
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Huajie Chemical Shanghai Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种不含有机溶剂及氟硅物质的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，具有快速有效及环保的特性，可于短时间内清理溢油。该方法包括：使用溢油面积缩减剂接触受溢油覆盖的地区或物体；其中该溢油面积缩减剂包括磺基琥珀酸酯和一稳定剂。本发明的溢油处理方法可用于清理受溢油污染的陆地、水域、及生物体，也可应用于回收溢油，供作资源利用，同时减少会导致的环境污染。

Description

水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法
技术领域
本发明关于一种不含有机溶剂及氟硅物质的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，可快速清理溢油，并达成环境保护的目的。
背景技术
各类油品，尤其是原油及重油的溢油，是常见的环保灾害，不仅会造成海域、陆地、海岸、礁岩的环境污染，还会危害海洋生物的生存，容易发生爆炸和火灾，酿成严重的人员伤亡，甚至导致溢油地区经济的破坏与损失。每年由于人类的活动而进入海洋的石油超过千万吨，其中约有五分之一的溢油是由海上油井井喷事故和油轮事故所造成的，而上述的负面影响还有可能会是长期的。
目前主要的溢油清理方式是先用围油栏将溢油限制在一定范围之内，然后采取下列的措施以进行清理：机械回收法、化学法、生物法或燃烧法。
其中，机械回收法使用特定机械回收溢油，但是此种传统的措施经常受到外在条件的限制只能在非开阔水域和港口、或海面较平静、以及油层较薄等情况的下使用。机械回收法经常是费时的，即便再加上高压水或高温水的处理方式，其溢油的清理效果仍缓慢而并不完全。此外，海洋生物(鱼、龟、虾、蟹、海豚、和水鸟等等)所遭受到的溢油危害也难用机械回收法在短时间内得以解除，经常导致大量的死亡。
此外，化学法主要是使用化学散油剂(或称为化学消油剂)使溢油分散成很小的微粒，在通过微生物的作用随着海流和潮汐逐渐分解消失。另一种化学法则是使用凝固剂，使海面溢油变成凝胶，再予以回收。虽然化学法是目前处理海上溢油的主要手段之一，但是依据研究上述的化学法都有缺点。化学散油剂无法进行溢油的回收，而是任由海流和潮汐去分解大面积、已经被分散成很小的微粒溢油。事实上，这是一种抛弃式的不环保措施。由于一般的化学散油剂都含有机溶剂、芳烃物质及乳化剂，因此经 常反而扩大溢油污染的水域面积和深度，造成水质短期与长期的更广泛危害。虽然化学散油剂已在在全球和常规应用作为对海洋生态系统中溢油的应急措施，其目的是增强溢油在水中的溶解，假设能够因此而刺激微生物进行生物降解溢油。事实上，迄今关于化学散油剂如何影响微生物群的组成或其生物降解活性所知甚少，近日的相关研究报导也指出多年之后，溢油仍然污染该处的陆地与水域。至于化学凝固剂，在使用之后，可能变成大量无法处理的废弃物，因为这是一种造成二次污染的紧急应变措施，所以只能实施于小的范围。此外，化学散油剂加计量很大，费用高昂，而且无法处理高粘度的溢油。
与烃类表面活性剂相比，由于碳-氟键的稳定性，含氟表面活性剂比烃类表面活性剂更加稳定。因此，氟表面活性剂易于存在于环境中。研究文献显示，较长的含氟表面活性剂(包括氟硅表面活性剂)已被证实会在哺乳动物中累积，虽然较短的含氟表面活性剂可能比较不易在哺乳动物中累积，仍然担心它们可能对人类和整体环境长期的为害。根据2009年“斯德哥尔摩公约”，因全氟烷基化物质(PFAS)无处不在，具有生物累积性和毒性，全氟烷基化物质已经被列为持久性有机污染物。(数据源：https：//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorosurfactant#Health_and_environmental_concerns)
上述各种化学法明显都会造成人类、水域及整体环境的长期污染，而无法进行溢油的回收与利用，完全就是一种资源的浪费。
另，生物法是利用海洋中某些微生物较强的氧化和分解能力以达到清除溢油的目的。因此在溢油海区散布营养物质，使微生物大量繁殖以促进溢油的氧化和分解。但是生物法难以控制，潜伏着影响原有海洋生态的危险。
最后，燃烧法是采用燃烧清理海上溢油。燃烧法的使用需要及时实施，油膜厚度至少要有3mm，否则会影响燃烧法的进行效果。此外，燃烧法还受到天候与燃烧地区的安全限制。事实上，燃烧法是完全与减碳的环保方针背道而驰。
对于海洋生物而言，溢油污染是一种具有严重杀伤性的环境污染，不只造成海洋生物的大量死亡，而且负面影响到受溢油污染水陆的经济环境。 目前，营救海洋生物的方法是首先使用人工刮除或有机溶剂溶解海洋生物体上的黏稠溢油，然后经过重复使用清洁剂清除溢油污染，以解救海洋生物的生命。但是，这种方式非常繁琐，耗时而缓慢，经常未能及时拯救受溢油污染的海洋生物，所以依然导致绝大部分的死亡。总而言之，如何能够快速从生物体上脱除溢油污染是解救生物的首要课题。
综观上述，目前的溢油清理方式都各自具有环保的顾虑，使用条件的限制及后续缺点。尤其是溢油非常容易受到天候的影响而迅速覆盖广大的水域，增加清理的困难及环境的污染。众所皆知，溢油发生的频率日渐增多，溢油发生的地点也无法预料，这已经造成了水陆环境与海洋生物生存的严重破坏问题，也可能导致对于人体健康，自然生态和经济资源的危害，一种快速有效及具有环保性的溢油清理方法正是极为需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种不含有机溶剂及氟硅物质的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法。
为达成前述发明目的，本发明提供一种不含有机溶剂及氟硅物质的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，包括：
提供一溢油面积缩减剂，其中该溢油面积缩减剂包括磺基琥珀酸酯和一稳定剂；
于溢油覆盖的区域上，使用该溢油面积缩减剂接触溢油；以及
使用一聚烯烃材料吸附溢油，供作资源的回收与利用。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该磺基琥珀酸酯是烷基磺基琥珀酸酯，如式I所示：
其中，R1和R2是彼此相同或相异的烷基。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该磺基琥珀酸酯和该稳定剂的比例介于1∶10至10∶1。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该磺基琥珀酸酯和该稳定剂的比例介于3∶7至7∶3。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该烷基磺基琥珀酸酯选自单烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、二烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、多烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、及其至少二者的任意组合所构成的群组。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该烷基磺基琥珀酸酯的R1或R2具有C1-C18的烷基。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该稳定剂是醇类稳定剂。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该稳定剂选自烷基一元醇类、烷基二元醇类、烷基多元醇类、烷基二元醇类聚醚衍生物、及其至少二者的任意组合所构成的群组。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该溢油面积缩减剂中，磺基琥珀酸酯和多元醇的重量百分比为10-3％至10％。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中聚烯烃是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或其组合。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该聚烯烃材料是聚烯烃的颗粒状、片状、不规则状的材料。
于本发明较佳实施例，其中该聚烯烃材料是单层或多层的气泡片、泡沫版、瓦楞板、或棉花。
于本发明较佳实施例，该方法将该溢油面积缩减剂喷洒至受溢油污染的区域以缩减溢油区。
于本发明较佳实施例，该方法用于受溢油污染的陆地、海岸、海域、礁岩、或砂石的溢油清理。
于本发明较佳实施例，该方法用于受溢油污染的生物体表面的溢油清理。
于本发明较佳实施例，该方法可用于受溢油的资源回收。
附图说明
图1是本发明的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法的(A)流程图；以及(B)可混合并喷洒溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液的装置的示意图。
图2是本发明提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，其具体实施结果。
图3是本发明实施例1中，(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理后溢油面积缩减结果。
图4是本发明实施例1中，清理溢油后水质清澈情况。
图5是本发明实施例2中，(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理后溢油面积缩减结果。
图6是本发明实施例2中，清理溢油后水质清澈情况。
图7是本发明实施例3中，(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理后溢油面积缩减结果。
图8是本发明实施例3中，清理溢油后水质清澈情况。
图9是本发明实施例4中，(A)清理溢油之前以及(B)清理后溢油面积缩减结果。
图10是本发明实施例4中，清理溢油后水质清澈情况。
图11是本发明实施例5中，(A)清理溢油之前石块表面以及(B)喷洒溢油面积缩减剂清理溢油后石块表面干净情况。
图12是本发明实施例5中，聚乙烯吸收溢油后石块表面干净情况。
图13是本发明实施例6中，(A)清理溢油之前羽毛表面以及(B)喷洒溢油面积缩减剂清理溢油后羽毛表面干净情况。
图14是本发明实施例6中，聚乙烯吸收溢油后羽毛表面干净情况。
图15是本发明实施例7中，(A)清理溢油前油和砂混合状态、(B)加入水后溢油浮起的状态、以及(C)喷洒溢油面积缩减剂后溢油面积缩减结果。
图16是本发明实施例7中，(A)使用喷洒溢油面积缩减剂清理溢油砂干净情况、(B)进一步使用聚乙烯平面气泡片吸附溢油后干净情况、以及(C)清理后分离水和砂的结果。
图17是本发明实施例8中，(A)使用喷洒溢油面积缩减剂清理溢油，未缩减面积前的情况，以及(B)缩减面积后，开始使用聚乙烯平面气泡片进行吸附溢油后。
图18是本发明实施例8中，压出聚乙烯平面气泡片中所吸附溢油的情况。
附图标记说明：
溢油面积缩减剂槽 1
水槽 2
混合槽 3
储存槽 4
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
图1A是本发明的溢油处理方法的流程图。于本实施例中，该溢油处理方法包括：将本发明提供的溢油面积缩减剂(oil spilled area shrinking agent，简称OSASA)稀释于水中；再以喷洒或喷雾方式将溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液喷于溢油覆盖水域之上或释放于溢油散布水域之中，藉此达到快速缩减溢油面积的目的。该溢油面积缩减剂不只可以防止溢油的乳化，而且避免溢油广泛地散布，造成污染水域范围的扩大。
图1B提供一可混合并喷洒溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液的装置的示意图；该装置包括：溢油面积缩减剂槽1；水槽2；混合槽3，用于混合溢油面积缩减剂和水，形成溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液；储存槽4，用于储存混合后的溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液；以及喷洒组件，用于释放、喷洒、或喷雾该溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液于溢油覆盖表面。
该溢油面积缩减剂稀释水溶液与溢油接触后，可以立即缩减溢油覆盖区域的面积。进一步地，本发明使用聚烯烃材料吸收溢油，可以容易将使溢油自水域分离。在捕捉吸附溢油之后，可使用物理方法(例如压榨、离心、或倾注)或化学方法(例如破乳)，使该聚烯烃材料与溢油分离，以回收溢油作资源的利用，同时避免水域的长期污染。
图2是本发明提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，其具体实施结果，其中图2A表示溢油覆盖于水面上且尚未进行溢油处理；图2B是喷洒溢油面积缩减剂后，溢油覆盖面积缩减，且水面上溢油聚集于小面积区 域；图2C是使用聚烯烃材料吸收溢油，令溢油附着于聚烯烃材料上；吸收后，聚烯烃材料自水面分离，聚烯烃材料可显著地将溢油吸附(图2D)，并且水面无明显溢油残留(图2E)。聚烯烃材料中所被吸附的溢油可以各种方式分离出来，供作资源的回收与利用。
本发明提供的溢油处理方法的具体实施例于下文说明。
实施例1
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为1∶1的1.3％水溶液，喷洒量为0.3毫升(ml)。
本实施例使用的溢油油品是委内瑞拉Merey-16高稠原油；其密度(20℃)是0.956公斤(kg)/平方公尺(m3)；其运动粘度(50℃)是191厘拖(cSt)；另使用50ml自来水作为受溢油污染水域，溢油量是2ml，与自来水混合后，自来水的溢油覆盖面积为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的水域；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察水面的溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待水面的溢油面积缩减后，使用一片直径7公分(cm)、重量0.25克(g)的圆形聚乙 烯平面气泡片重复5次吸附前述覆盖面积缩减后的受溢油污染水域，再观察该水域的清澈情况。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图3A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于水面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的20％(图3B)；此外，以该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液清理水域之后，该水域的水质清澈情况明显改善(图4)。
实施例2
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为1∶1的1.3％水溶液，喷洒量为0.3ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品是委内瑞拉Boscan高稠原油；其密度(20℃)是0.99kg/m3；其运动粘度(50℃)是3116cSt；另使用50ml自来水作为受溢油污染水域，溢油量是2ml，与自来水混合后，自来水的溢油覆盖面积为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的水域；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察水面的溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待水面的溢油面积缩减后，使用5片直径7cm、重量0.25g的圆形聚乙烯平面气泡片重 复5次吸附前述覆盖面积缩减后的受溢油污染水域，再观察该水域的清澈情况。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图5A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于水面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的15％(图5B)；此外，以该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液清理水域之后，该水域的水质清澈情况明显改善(图6)。
实施例3
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为1∶1的3％水溶液，喷洒量为0.3ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品是委内瑞拉Boscan高稠原油；其密度(20℃)是0.99kg/m3；其运动粘度(50℃)是3116cSt；另使用50ml盐水(3.5％)作为受溢油污染水域，溢油量是2ml，与自来水混合后，自来水的溢油覆盖面积为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的水域；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察水面的溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待水面的溢油面积缩减后，使用5片直径7cm、重量0.25g的圆形聚乙烯平面气泡片重 复5次吸附前述覆盖面积缩减后的受溢油污染水域，再观察该水域的清澈情况。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图7A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于水面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的15％(图7B)；此外，以该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液清理水域之后，该水域的水质清澈情况明显改善(图8)。
实施例4
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为2∶1的1.3％水溶液，喷洒量为0.3ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品为重油；另使用50ml自来水作为受溢油污染水域，溢油量是2ml，与自来水混合后，自来水的溢油覆盖面积为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的水域；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察水面的溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待水面的溢油面积缩减后，使用5片直径7cm、重量0.25g的圆形聚乙烯平面气泡片重复5次吸附前述覆盖面积缩减后的受溢油污染水域，再观察该水域的清澈情况。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图9A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于水面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的15％(图9B)；此外，以该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液清理水域之后，该水域的水质清澈情况明显改善(图10)。
实施例5
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为7∶3的3％水溶液，喷洒量为0.5ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品为重油；另使用石块作为受溢油污染的物质；石块与重油混合后，石块的溢油覆盖面积为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的石块表面；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察石块表面溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待石块表面溢油面积缩减后，将石块浸泡于50ml水中；使用5片直径7cm、重量0.25g的圆形聚乙烯平面气泡片，重复5次吸附水中溢油；再自水中取出石块，待其干燥后观察石块干净情况。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图11A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于石块表面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的15％(图11B)；此外，以该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液清理石块之后，该石块干净情况明显改善(图12)；水质清澈情况亦明显改善。
实施例6
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为1∶1的1％水溶液，喷洒量为0.3ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品为重油；另使用禽鸟类羽毛作为受溢油污染的物质；羽毛与重油混合后，羽毛的溢油覆盖面积为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的羽毛表面；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察羽毛表面溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待羽毛表面溢油面积缩减后，将羽毛浸泡于50ml水中；使用4片直径7cm、重量0.25g的圆形聚乙烯平面气泡片，重复4次吸附水中溢油；再自水中取出羽毛，待其干燥后观察羽毛干净情况。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图13A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于羽毛表面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的20％(图13B)；此外，以该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液清理羽毛之后，该羽毛干净情况明显改善(图14)；水质清澈情况亦明显改善。
实施例7
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为7∶3的1％水溶液，喷洒量为1.0ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品为重油；另使用50g砂作为受溢油污染的物质；砂与重油混合后、尚未清理之前，砂中有溢油覆盖渗入(图15)。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：先加入70ml水，再该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖水面；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，浮出溢油覆盖面积立即缩减(图15)。进一步地，待水面溢油面积缩减后，使用6片直径7cm、重量0.25g的圆形聚乙烯平面气泡片，搅拌并重复6次吸附水中溢油；再分离水和砂，待其干燥后观察砂干净情况和水干净情况(图16)。
实施例8
实施方法简述：
本实施例使用的溢油面积缩减剂是二辛基磺基琥珀酸酯∶丙二醇比例为2∶1的1.6％水溶液，喷洒量为0.3ml。
本实施例使用的溢油油品是重油；另使用50g自来水作为受溢油污染水域，溢油量是10g，与自来水混合后，自来水的溢油覆盖面积共133平方公分，并且覆盖率为100％。
本实施例中，溢油处理方法包括：将该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液，以喷洒或喷雾的方式，散布于溢油覆盖的水域；待喷洒后溢油面积缩减剂和溢油充分接触，并观察水面的溢油面积的缩减。进一步地，待水面的溢油面积缩减后，使用尺寸为11cm×11cm、重量约0.44g的方形聚乙烯平面气泡片重复4次吸收前述覆盖面积缩减后的受溢油污染水域，再观察该水域的清澈情况；另，以物理方法挤压出聚乙烯气泡片吸附的溢油。
原先溢油覆盖面积为100％(图17A)，经该溢油面积缩减剂的水溶液喷洒于水面上、并且接触溢油后，覆盖面积立即缩减为原先覆盖面积的20％，再放入聚乙烯气泡片(图17B)。待聚乙烯气泡片吸附溢油之后，挤压出聚乙烯气泡片吸附的溢油(图18)，同时水域可恢复清澈；总共回收溢油9.42g，扣除10％气泡片可能夹带的水分，其挤压出一由总量为总重的90％，即8.48g(9.42g×90％＝8.48g)。即是说，本发明所提供的方法，可回收原有溢油的84.8％，作为再利用。
综上所述，本发明提供一种水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，可达成的功效包括：
1、本发明提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，包括于受污染区域喷洒溢油面积缩减剂，能迅速缩减溢油覆盖面积；一方面于短时间内控制受溢油影响的范围，另一方面提升后续溢油清理的效率；
2、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法在迅速缩减溢油区的覆盖面积之后，进一步使用与溢油有较强亲和力的聚乙烯(PE)类材质或聚丙烯(PP)类材质以吸收及清理溢油；
3、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，其中该溢油面积缩减剂完全不含任何有机溶剂及氟硅物质，或芳烃物质，无毒且对生物无害，而且可以生物降解；
4、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，其中该溢油面积缩减剂与化学散油剂不同，非倚赖使溢油分散成微粒，通过微生物的作用随着海流和潮汐让溢油逐渐分解消失；所以不会造成海水水质的长期污染；
5、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，进一步使用与溢油有较强亲和力的聚乙烯(PE)类材质或聚丙烯(PP)类材质以吸收及清理溢油，因此可以高效率减少溢油的环境污染及经济损害；
6、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法适用于含盐的盐水，例如海水；
7、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法可以高效率快速进行海域、陆地、海岸、或礁岩的溢油清理；
8、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法可以高效率迅速进行海洋生物的溢油清理，能够迅速缓解溢油污染对于海洋生物的伤害；
9、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，于清理溢油之后的溢油可以经过物理方式(压榨、离心、倾注等等)或化学方式(破乳等)，分离及回收其中溢油；回收之后所获得的油品可以应用于油品再生或将过物理方式处理后的聚乙烯(PE)类材质或聚丙烯(PP)类材质可以作为燃料使用；以及
10、本发明所提供的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法具有快速性、高效性、方便性与经济性等特点。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

1.一种不含有机溶剂及氟硅物质的水陆及生物用强化溢油处理方法，其特征在于，包括
提供一溢油面积缩减剂，其中该溢油面积缩减剂的构成包括磺基琥珀酸酯和一稳定剂；
于溢油覆盖的区域上，使用该溢油面积缩减剂接触溢油；以及
使用一聚烯烃材料吸收溢油。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该磺基琥珀酸酯是烷基磺基琥珀酸酯，如式I所示：
其中，R1和R2是彼此相同或相异的烷基。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该磺基琥珀酸酯和该稳定剂的比例介于1∶10至10∶1。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中该磺基琥珀酸酯和该稳定剂的比例介于3∶7至7∶3。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该烷基磺基琥珀酸酯选自单烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、二烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、多烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、及其至少二者的任意组合所构成的群组。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中该烷基磺基琥珀酸酯的R1或R2具有C1-C18的烷基。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该稳定剂是醇类稳定剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该稳定剂是选自烷基一元醇类、烷基二元醇类、烷基多元醇类、烷基二元醇类聚醚衍生物、及其至少二者的任意组合所构成的群组。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该溢油面积缩减剂中，磺基琥珀酸酯和多元醇的重量百分比为10-3％至10％。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中聚烯烃是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或其组合。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该聚烯烃材料是聚烯烃的颗粒状、片状、不规则状的材料。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该聚烯烃材料是单层或多层的气泡片、泡沫版、瓦楞板、或棉花。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，该方法是将该溢油面积缩减剂喷洒至受溢油污染的区域以缩减溢油区。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，该方法用于受溢油污染的陆地、海岸、海域、礁岩、或砂石的溢油清理。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，该方法用于受溢油污染的生物体表面的溢油清理。
16.如权利要求1至15其中任一所述的方法，该方法用于溢油资源的回收与利用。
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