TWI655785B - 背側接觸層及光伏模組 - Google Patents

背側接觸層及光伏模組 Download PDF

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TWI655785B
TWI655785B TW104110696A TW104110696A TWI655785B TW I655785 B TWI655785 B TW I655785B TW 104110696 A TW104110696 A TW 104110696A TW 104110696 A TW104110696 A TW 104110696A TW I655785 B TWI655785 B TW I655785B
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艾福特 猶金 邦德
阿肯 巴斯 貝納德斯 凡
尼古拉斯 古利文
馬克司 喬漢 真森
易凱 西撒
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荷蘭史迪克汀艾能吉翁德卓克中心
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Abstract

提供背側接觸層及光伏模組。背側接觸層用於具有多個PV電池(1、2)的光伏模組。PV電池(1、2)具有多個背側接觸點。旁通二極體導體(6)沿著兩個相鄰的電池(1、2)的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層(3)中，且具有直線或蜿蜒圖案圍繞兩個相鄰的電池(1、2)之所述多個背側接觸點的外接觸點(4、5)。

Description

背側接觸層及光伏模組
本發明是有關於一種背側接觸層(箔片或基板的形式)，所述背側接觸層用於連接多個光伏(PV)電池的正和負背側接觸點，以形成光伏模組。
國際專利公開號WO2013/182955揭露了一種用於光伏模組的背板，所述光伏模組包含背接觸光伏電池。提供導電背板且所述導電背板設置為連接至模組之光伏電池的電極的連接電路。
國際專利公開號WO2012/026806揭露了一種具有改良的鈍化表面的光伏裝置及模組。其包含周邊的外壁及/或孔壁，此為背接觸金屬穿透式(wrap-through)光伏裝置的設計。p-n接面位於第一半導體層和第二半導體層之間。
國際專利公開號WO2011/160151揭露了一種光伏模組，所述光伏模組於背側上耦接至導電結構層，用以傳導於太陽電池中產生的電能。在一實施例中，電性元件可被嵌入於太陽電池的導體結構層中。
本發明提供一種光伏模組的改良的背側接觸層，所述改良背側接觸層可與旁通電路(by-pass circuit)整合。
根據本發明的第一態樣，提供根據上述定義的前言的背側接觸層，其中旁通二極體導體(by-pass diode conductor)沿著兩個相鄰電池的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層中，並有最小預定寬度(w)，兩個相鄰電池之間具有電池間距離(s)，其中相鄰電池中的每一者上的外接觸點(outer contact)與各自的相鄰電池的邊緣之間具有距離(d)，且所述距離大於0，使得一列的外接觸點之間的全部距離(2d+s)大於或等於所述最小預定寬度(w)和與所述旁通二極體導體相鄰之兩切割道的寬度(2i)之總和(或以數學式表示：2d+sw+2i)。
在第二態樣中，提供根據上述定義的前言的背側接觸層，其中旁通二極體導體沿著兩個相鄰電池的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層中，並有最小預定寬度(w)，兩個相鄰電池之間具有電池間距離(s)，且旁通二極體導體以蜿蜒(meandering)圖案圍繞靠近兩個相鄰電池的邊緣設置的外接觸點。以與第一方面類似的數學式表示，其為2d+s<w+2i。
本發明的兩個方面以及描述於更多附屬申請專利範圍中的進一步實施例提供更有效率的背側接觸層佈局和更適當寬度的旁通二極體導體。
1、2‧‧‧電池
3‧‧‧背側接觸層
4：5‧‧‧接觸點
6‧‧‧旁通二極體導體
7‧‧‧邊緣
7a‧‧‧虛線
8‧‧‧切割道
11、12‧‧‧子集
14、17‧‧‧匯集條
15、18‧‧‧收集線
16‧‧‧導體
本發明以下將會參照附圖用許多示例實施例詳細地討論，其中：圖1所示為根據先前技術實施例的用於旁通二極體連接的覆蓋兩個相鄰光伏電池的具有條狀(strip)導體之部分背側接觸層的詳細示意圖。
圖2所示為根據本發明的一實施例的用於旁通二極體連接的覆蓋兩個相鄰光伏電池的具有條狀導體之部分背側接觸層的詳細示意圖。
圖3所示為根據圖2的實施例的具有邊緣接觸點(edge contact)及導電條(conducting strip)之兩個相鄰光伏電池的示意圖。
圖4所示為根據本發明另一實施例的具有邊緣接觸點及導電條之兩個相鄰光伏電池的示意圖。
圖5所示為邊緣接觸點內縮(indented)本發明實施例的示意圖。
本發明實施例是有關於光伏模組中背側接觸板的改良的佈局和配置，所述光伏模組具有多個光伏電池1，所述光伏電池1利用旁通二極體及相連接的電路以改良光伏模組的性能(例如當 部分遮蔽時)。
圖1所示為覆蓋兩個相鄰光伏電池上的部分背側接觸層(只繪示其邊緣7)的詳細示意圖。背側接觸層3包含用於旁通二極體連接的條狀導體6，其位於兩個背側接觸層3之間，並被兩個切割道8分隔。在典型的光伏模組配置中，兩個光伏電池配置為彼此相鄰，間距為1.25mm(標稱值，在實線邊緣7之間)，所述間距甚至可以更遠，如繪示的小虛線7a(相距1.75mm)。相鄰的光伏電池在其外側邊緣處設置有背側接觸點(或外接觸點4、5)，於圖1中繪示了相鄰光伏電池中每一者的外接觸點。為了使背側接觸層3中的旁通二極體導體6配置於有效空間中，旁通二極體導體6具有僅0.75mm的典型寬度(需要1mm寬的切割道8以提供足夠的隔離)。
假如兩個電池1、2(請參照圖3和圖4)彼此相鄰以及兩個電池1、2於太陽電池的背側上具有接觸點且所述接觸點沿者邊緣配置，那麼在兩個電池1、2之間幾乎沒有任何用於朝著接線盒(junction box)延伸的銅條(旁通二極體導體6)的空間，如圖1及以上內容。接觸點4與接觸點5之間的空間很小。此外，為了製造條狀物(旁通二極體導體6)，須要典型1mm的切割道8，切割道8也會“吃掉”接觸點4與接觸點5之間的導電材料。此會導致非常小的應可運載典型9安培的電流條狀物(旁通二極體導體6)，且因此導致了高的功率損耗，高的功率損耗會對裝置是有害的，且在遮蔽情況下對模組操作具有不良的效應。
做為例子，對於用於旁通二極體的小銅軌(track)，可進行以下計算。用於旁通二極體導體6之典型的箔片性質為：長度l為0.5m、厚度t為35μm、寬度w為0.75mm以及電阻率ρ為17.10-9Ωm，可得出電阻R=ρ．l/w．t=1/3Ω。在導通狀態時，旁通二極體典型地運載8安培的電流，意指其功率消耗P=RI2≒21W。因為典型的PV模組的功率率約為200W，因此可得出損失大於10%，這是不能被接受的。
此問題可在本發明的第一態樣中由一組實施例解決，其中具有預定最小寬度(w)的旁通二極體導體6沿著兩個相鄰的電池1、2的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層3中，兩個相鄰的電池被設置為彼此間具有電池間距離(s)，其中在相鄰的電池的每一者上的外接觸點4、5設置為與各自的相鄰電池的邊緣分離距離(d)，使得一列的外接觸點間的總距離2d+s大於預定最小寬度(w)和與旁通二極體導體6相鄰之兩個切割道的寬度(2i)之總和。以數學式表示，將兩個相鄰的電池1、2的外接觸點4、5之距離(d)選擇為符合公式2d+sw+2i。完成的旁通二極體導體6甚至可在本組實施例中以直線的金屬化路徑(metallization path)存在。
在圖2中，提供另一種方案以解決此問題，在此觀念中，具有預定最小寬度(w)的旁通二極體導體6沿著兩個相鄰的電池1、2的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層3中，兩個相鄰的電池設置為彼此之間具有電池間距離(s)，且以蜿蜒圖案環繞靠近兩個相鄰的電池1、2的邊緣設置之外接觸點4、5。注意的是，在本組實施 例中，距離d甚至可以等於0，亦即將外接觸點直接排列於電池1、2的邊緣上。此在電池1、2上具有更理想的電流路徑，因此導致較少的金屬使用於電池上(通常為銀，且因此成本高)。
更一般地說，所述多個電池1、2包含具有正背側接觸點(子集11)和負背側接觸點(子集12)的對稱圖案的電池，其中正背側接觸點的子集11和負背側接觸點的子集12沿著相鄰的電池1、2的邊緣方向配置。電池1、2的例子為交指式背接觸(Interdigitated Back Contact,IBC)電池或射極穿透式(Emitter Wrap Through,EWT)電池。
在另一實施例中，兩個相鄰的電池1、2彼此間互相定向，使得外接觸點4、5沿著邊緣方向散置。舉例來說，在PV電池1、2沿著兩個相鄰的電池1、2的邊緣方向具有長度l，n個接觸點等距地設置在一邊緣處(偏移值(offset)為0)以及在另一邊緣處的偏移值為1/2n。圖3的示意圖更明確地顯示上述內容，其中n=4。使用細線圓及粗線圓表示所使用的PV電池1、2的背側接觸點，例如在PV電池中正接觸點和負接觸點以彼此相鄰的方式配置。值得注意的是，在PV模組中，以上所描述的PV電池1、2經過180度旋轉後仍不變，其允許用於PV模組製作的簡單的PV電池配置。
在另一實施例中，正和負背側接觸點排列成多個列，包括外接觸點4、5的所述多個列中的外側者與所述多個列中的的其他列相比具有較少的接觸點。這將提供用於旁通二極體之較平滑蜿蜒的導體線(旁通二極體導體6)，因此有利於背側接觸層3的 製作，尤其是提供其中的切割道8，例如是藉由切割提供。
藉由完成蜿蜒的旁通二極體導體6以及藉由如圖3所示的散置方式配置兩個相鄰的電池1、2之外接觸點4、5，用於旁通二極體的導體線(旁通二極體導體6)比起先前技術的實施例可實現具有更寬的寬度，例如具有至少2mm的寬度，甚至5mm。這可與另一實施例結合，其中兩個相鄰的電池之間的電池間距離(s)小於2mm。這些方案也提供了在單一個PV模組中具有多於三個旁通二極體的模組。更一般地說，本發明也關於包括依據本文描述的任一實施例的多個光伏電池以及背側接觸層。
本發明一般說來與背接觸電池1、2的架構有關，其具有沿著邊緣的接觸點4、5，其接附於PCB狀的銅箔片(背側接觸層3)，銅箔片(背側接觸層3)包括銅箔片的小條狀物(旁通二極體導體6)，小條狀物(旁通二極體導體6)蜿蜒於相鄰的電池1、2的邊緣接觸點4、5之間。在另一實施例中，旁通二極體導體6延伸至背側接觸層3的接線盒連接部。然後，旁通二極體導體6能朝著接線盒伸出，其連接至旁通二極體以及其以常見的用於PV模組中的方式形成連接電路。散置兩個相鄰的電池1、2的接觸點4、5，提供在電池1、2的邊緣接觸點4、5之間的蜿蜒旁通二極體導體6，邊緣接觸點4、5可以交替地方式位於第一電池1以及相鄰的第二電池2上。
在另一實施例中，如圖4所示，蜿蜒旁通二極體導體6用於旁通二極體連接，在背側接觸層3中與具有多個電流收集點 (子集11、12)的背接觸電池(IBC、EWT)結合，且於背接觸電池之背側上，子集(外接觸點4’、5’)設置於接近電池1、2的邊緣。或換句話說，兩個相鄰的電池1、2的外接觸點4’、5’朝向各自的電池1、2的中央內縮，亦即遠離電池1、2的邊緣。這可例如使用內縮的匯集條(busbar)架構實行，例如使用“肘”型或90度的架構，如圖5所繪示。在此圖中，一起繪示出電流收集線15、18與電流匯集條14、17。在此PV電池的一側上，設置有接觸點12’，然而在另一側上，接觸點4被設置為超過距離d，其使用額外的導體16。
或者，就常見的具有邊緣接觸點的PV電池1、2而言，電池1、2的邊緣上的外接觸點4’、5’被朝向電池1、2的中央移動並遠離邊緣(以圖4的外接觸點4、5與圖3的實施例相比較)。在此實施例中，更為平滑蜿蜒的圖案可用來作為旁通二極體導體6，其相較於關於圖3所述之實施例具有甚至更大的寬度。
本發明的實施例將箔片技術應用於具有接觸點4、5的背接觸電池1、2，上述的接觸點4、5沿著背接觸電池1、2的邊緣設置(其需要電池對稱)，且允許實現金屬箔片類的具有背接觸電池(包括但不限於IBC電池和EWT電池)的PV模組，其中可整合標準旁通電路。
在另一實施例中，背側接觸層更包括直接連接於旁通二極體導體6的旁通二極體，亦即一部分的背側接觸層3，其藉由PV模組的封膠層(encapsulating layer)可保護旁通二極體。
本發明實施例已參考多個繪示於圖示中的示例性實施例描述於上。一些部分或元件的修改或替代實施是可行的，並且包括於所附申請專利範圍中所定義的保護範圍中。

Claims (13)

  1. 一種背側接觸層，用以連接多個光伏(PV)電池(1、2)的正背側接觸點和負背側接觸點，以形成光伏模組，其中具有預定最小寬度(w)的旁通二極體導體(6)沿著兩個相鄰的所述光伏(PV)電池(1、2)的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層(3)中，兩個相鄰的所述光伏電池之間具有電池間距離(s)，其中相鄰的所述光伏電池中的每一者上的外接觸點(4、5)設置為與各自相鄰的所述光伏電池的邊緣相隔距離d，其中所述距離d大於0，使一列的所述外接觸點之間的全部距離(2d+s)大於或等於所述預定最小寬度(w)和與所述旁通二極體導體(6)相鄰之兩個切割道的寬度(2i)的總和。
  2. 一種背側接觸層，用以連接多個光伏(PV)電池(1、2)的正背側接觸點和負背側接觸點，以形成光伏模組，其中具有預定最小寬度(w)的旁通二極體導體(6)沿著兩個相鄰的所述光伏(PV)電池(1、2)的邊緣方向形成於背側接觸層中，兩個相鄰所述光伏電池之間具有電池間距離，且所述旁通二極體導體(6)以蜿蜒圖案圍繞靠近兩個相鄰的所述光伏電池的邊緣設置的外接觸點(4、5)。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中所述多個光伏電池包括具有所述正背側接觸點和所述負背側接觸點的對稱圖案的電池，其中所述正背側接觸點和所述負背側接觸點的子集沿著所述邊緣方向設置。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中兩個相鄰的所述光伏電池(1、2)互相定向，使所述外接觸點(4、5)沿著所述邊緣方向散置。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中所述正背側接觸點和所述負背側接觸點配置成多個列，且其中包括所述外接觸點(4、5)的所述多個列中的外側者具有少於所述多個列中的其他者的接觸點。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中所述外接觸點(4、5)直接配置在所述光伏電池(1、2)的邊緣上。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中兩個相鄰的所述光伏電池(1、2)的所述外接觸點(4、5)朝各自的所述光伏電池(1、2)的中心內縮。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中所述多個光伏電池(1、2)包括交指式背接觸電池或射極穿透式電池。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中所述旁通二極體導體(6)延伸至所述背側接觸層(3)的接線盒連接部。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，更包括直接連接至所述旁通二極體導體(6)的旁通二極體。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中所述旁通二極體導體(6)的寬度至少為2mm。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述的背側接觸層，其中兩個相鄰的所述光伏電池之間的所述電池間距離(s)小於2mm。
  13. 一種光伏模組，包括多個光伏電池及如申請專利範圍第1項至第12項中任一項所述的背側接觸層。
TW104110696A 2014-04-02 2015-04-01 背側接觸層及光伏模組 TWI655785B (zh)

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