TWI646239B - Stacking block for retaining wall and concrete structure using stacked block for retaining wall - Google Patents

Abstract

Structures stacked with large concrete blocks are limited to equal thickness backing retaining walls, etc., and cannot be used for other structures, and have discontinuities in the contact surfaces of natural foundations and structures. According to the following problem, a stacking block for a retaining wall includes a front wall material and a back material, and a connecting material connecting the two materials, the connecting material forming a plurality of faces between the two materials by the upper and lower strings, and The one end side of the upper string material is coupled to a stable skeleton plane formed by a diagonal material joined to the other end portion of the lower string material.

Description

Stacking block for retaining wall and concrete structure using stacked block for retaining wall

The present invention relates to the construction of a civil engineering structure using a block-stabilized retaining wall or the like.

With regard to the construction of civil structures, in order to supplement the shortage of labor and ensure a certain quality in a certain period of time, the use of precast products becomes an indispensable element. Instead of the conventional concrete concreting in site concrete retaining wall or concrete revetment, the structure is constructed by using large block stacking.

Since large retaining wall blocks are of different slope or depth specifications depending on site conditions, dedicated templates for different slopes or depths are required for production. Therefore, it will have an impact on the cost or the number of production days. Further, as the size of the block increases, the weight increases, and the volume of the block including the filling space is increased. It is also a big problem to carry in or set it on the block. In addition to the creation of a wide-opening and large-sized block that was registered by the Japanese Utility Model No. 3156212, the applicant can freely select the depth and the lightness of the block by connecting the front wall and the rear wall by using the accessory. Quantitative recommendations.

Conventional large concrete blocks contain the aforementioned The concrete block proposed by the applicant has a low self-supporting property due to the thick and vertical connection. In addition to this, concrete structures using blocks generally have the property of forming a complete surface of discontinuity in the interface between the natural ground and the concrete wall. The discontinuity is about the stability of the concrete retaining wall, reducing the friction angle between the concrete retaining wall and the natural foundation, and adversely affecting the overturning and sliding of the retaining wall in the stability calculation.

In this case, a frame material is placed between the back surface of the block and the natural ground slope, and the concrete is poured and integrated with the block, and the integration of the backfill material and the block is sought, and a method for stabilizing the retaining wall is proposed (Japan) Guo special opening 2005-98095). Moreover, in the retaining wall using the block, it is also recommended to press the rod-shaped reinforcing material into the natural ground slope, and to make the concrete block and the rod-shaped reinforcing material to be reinforced by the inclined surface to reinforce the retaining wall (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-210004) Correct the effect of the formation of discontinuities on the natural foundation and the block.

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3156212

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-98095

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-210004

The retaining wall using the representative large concrete block stack is used for road improvement, river renovation, site preparation, etc., and there are several topics. The shape of the structure to be built is limited to an equal-thickness backing retaining wall or the like, and is incapable of being used for other structures. Moreover, there is discontinuity in the interface between the natural foundation and the rear wall of the structure. Make In order to correct such instability, the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have problems in that the burden on the construction period or the cost surface is large.

[1] A stacking block for retaining walls, which is connected in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction, and is filled with a filling material in a space of the inner bag, and includes a front wall material and a back material of the pair. a connecting material that connects the two materials, and the connecting material forms a plurality of faces between the two materials, and the upper and lower strings are joined to the end of the upper side of the upper string, and are joined to the other end of the lower string. A stable skeleton plane formed by diagonal members.

[2] The stacked block for retaining walls according to [1], wherein the aforementioned backing material is a frame material.

[3] The stacked block for retaining walls according to [1], wherein the back material is a slope wall material having a slope of the outer surface different from the outer surface of the front wall material.

[4] The stacked block for retaining walls according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the connecting material is steel.

A connecting material for joining the two materials is provided between the front wall material and the back material. The connecting material can easily adjust the width and angle between the two face materials by the degree of freedom of its length. The upper chord, the lower chord, and the oblique material forming a plurality of sets are joined to form a stable skeletal plane of the two face materials to form a stable block, which is not limited by the shape of the block of equal thickness, and can be freely set. The front slope and the back slope of the structure.

For the block having the self-supporting property, as a backing material, by using a frame material as a filling filler material and a backfilling filler material, for example, concrete can be used. Integrally filled, the property of forming a discontinuous surface in the contact surface between the natural foundation and the structure is improved, and the structure is constructed integrally with the natural foundation, and the friction angle between the structure and the natural foundation can be expected to be large. Helps the stability of the structure. Moreover, it is possible to use a structure such as a gravity-type retaining wall or a bank or a dam body which is not applicable to a conventional concrete block. Moreover, the use of steel materials by the connecting material contributes to the weight reduction of the block.

1‧‧‧Block

2‧‧‧ Front wall material

3‧‧‧Links

4‧‧‧Retaining wall

11‧‧‧Outer material

12‧‧‧Inside material

13‧‧‧Upper

14‧‧‧ below

Side faces around 15‧‧

16‧‧‧Inside space

17‧‧‧Anti-displacement convex

18‧‧‧Anti-displacement recess

19‧‧‧ hanger

21‧‧‧ Back material

22‧‧‧Back wall material

23‧‧‧Frame materials

24‧‧‧ horizontal timber

25‧‧‧Longitudinal

26‧‧‧Combination Department

27‧‧‧ joint surface

28‧‧‧ embedded hole

29‧‧‧ spacers

31‧‧‧Upper string

32‧‧‧low string

33‧‧‧ oblique material

34‧‧‧Bolt through hole

35‧‧‧Bolts

36‧‧‧L steel

37‧‧‧ flat steel

38‧‧‧ Skeleton plane

41‧‧‧ Front of retaining wall

42‧‧‧ behind the retaining wall

43‧‧‧Basic gravel or foundation concrete

44‧‧‧ Filled concrete

45‧‧‧ Backfill concrete

46‧‧‧Natural foundation

47‧‧‧Soiled surface

48‧‧‧Backfill space

49‧‧‧ Backfill

50‧‧‧Water permeable mat

51‧‧‧Drainage pipe

52‧‧‧Fixed template

53‧‧‧

54‧‧‧ concrete dyke

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which a block is connected. (Example 1)

Fig. 2 is an explanatory view of a block in which a back material is a frame material. (Example 1)

Fig. 3 is an explanatory view of a block in which the back material is a rear wall material. (Example 1)

Figure 4 is an explanatory view of the front wall material and the rear material. (Example 1)

Fig. 5 is a view showing a state in which a connecting material and a connecting material are combined with a front wall material or a rear material. (Example 1)

Figure 6 is an explanatory view of a square protective retaining wall of a block according to the present invention, (1) is a cross-sectional view, and (2) is a developed view of the structure. (Example 1)

Fig. 7 is an explanatory view of a block of a rear frame material having the same inclination as the front wall material. (Example 2)

Fig. 8 is an explanatory view showing a block body using a frame material on a sloping slope as a back material, (1) is a block assembly side view (A-A section), and (2) is a B-B section. (Example 2)

Fig. 9 is an explanatory view showing the construction of a bank having different slopes of the front wall members. (Example 3)

Fig. 10 is an explanatory view showing a construction of a large-scale embankment, wherein (1) is a side view, (2) is an A-A cross section, and only three connected pieces are displayed. (Example 4)

Fig. 11 is an explanatory view showing the construction of a bank (dam) using a block. (Example 5)

Generally speaking, regarding the construction of the retaining wall 4, the space side of the retaining wall surface is called the retaining wall, and the side of the ground is called the rear. Therefore, the portions of the retaining wall are referred to as the front wall 41 of the retaining wall and the rear surface 42 of the retaining wall. The same applies to the block 1 of the present invention, basically the space side when the block is placed is the front side, and the ground side is the rear side. Therefore, the case where the front wall is the wall material is referred to as the front wall member 2, and the member forming the rear portion is referred to as a back material 21 which constitutes a part or all of the back surface material or the belt-shaped member or the assembly including the same. As will be described later, regarding the front side and the rear side, there are cases where the front side is operated on both sides with respect to the structure of the bank 53. Further, as the portion of the block, the front wall material and the rear material are the outer surface 11 facing the outer surface of the block, and the inner side is referred to as the inner material surface 12.

The outer wall surfaces of the front wall material and the rear material have upper sides, lower sides, left and right side edges or oblique sides, and have upper side faces 13, lower side faces 14, left and right side faces 15 or beveled faces. For the connection of the rectangular blocks, the horizontal direction and the left side surface and the right side surface or the right side surface and the left side surface are in contact with each other between the adjacent blocks. It is arranged in the vertical direction so as to be in contact with the upper side and the lower side. However, a spacer 29 is often provided between the blocks.

Regarding the slope, it is said that from the horizontal erection to the lateral 1.0 vertical 1.0 is 1% slope, and it is said that the transverse 0.1 or 0.9 vertical 1.0 is 1 minute or even 9 degree slope.

The connecting member 3 is a member in which the horizontally disposed upper portion is the upper string member 31, and the member provided below is the lower string member 32, and the member provided between the two string members is referred to as the inclined member 33. The joint portion 26 of the joint portion of the front wall member 2 and the back member 21 is disposed at a joint portion with the joint member.

[Example 1]

The embodiment in which the front face 41 shown in Fig. 1 is a 5-point slope and the rear face 42 is a 2-point slope is used to construct the block back wall 4 using the block 1 of the present invention. Fig. 1 is an explanatory view of the side, and the filling material of the inner bag space 16 is not shown. To stack 3 segments in the vertical direction. The outer surface 11 of the front wall 2 of the block has a slope of 5 points, and the outer surface of the back material 21 has a slope of 2 points. The block from the lowermost block to the uppermost block has the same shape of the front wall and the back material, respectively. The continuous wall surface is formed by the adjustment of the length of the connecting material 3. That is, the block with the middle portion is formed by making the space between the front wall of the lowermost block and the upper side of the back material and the space between the front wall of the middle block and the lower side of the back material equal. The continuous outer surface, in the same way, by making the interval between the front wall of the middle block and the outer upper side of the back material and the interval between the front wall of the uppermost block and the outer lower side of the back material, the whole The upper body is used as a block in which the two outer material faces are continuous with a single inclination, and the above-described integrated structure can be constructed by connecting the blocks.

2 is a block in the middle of the connection state of the block 1 shown in FIG. 1, and a frame member 23 composed of a pair of upper and lower horizontal members 24 and a pair of left and right vertical members 25 is used as the back material 21. Top view (1), front view (2), side view (3), and rear view (4) of the block. The outer surface 11 is a frame material having a 5-point slope and a frame material having a slope of 2 points on the outer surface. The inner surface 12 is opposed to each other and connected by a connecting material 3. As shown in the side view, the web is disposed on the upper surface of the front wall material to have a joint portion 26 which overlaps the end portion of the upper string member 31 and joins the end portion of the diagonal member 33, and has a joint portion for joining the lower string member 32 at the lower portion. On the other hand, the upper surface of the frame material has a joint portion of the upper chord material, and the lower portion has a joint portion of the lower chord end portion and the oblique material end portion. As shown in Fig. 2 (1), the upper chord, the lower chord, and the oblique material of one of the combinations of the connecting materials form a skeleton plane 38 in the vertical direction between the front wall material and the back material, and the front wall material and the front wall material are Each of the frame materials is formed by two joint portions to form two skeleton planes in the vertical direction. In this example, two separate planes are formed as shown, and the two skeleton planes repeated by the upper or lower string can also form a stable block. In this case, the joint portion may be three places.

3 is a plan view (1), a front view (2) showing a block in the middle of the connection state of the block 1 shown in FIG. 1 and a case where the rear wall member 22 is used as the back material 21. Side view (3). The installation state of the connecting material 3 and the arrangement state of the joint portion 26 are the same as those in the case where the frame member 23 is used as the back material described above. FIG. 3 shows an arrangement position of the anti-displacement convex portion 17 and the displacement preventing concave portion 18 which prevent displacement between the upper and lower blocks, and a hanger 19 which is provided under a crane.

Figure 4 is a view showing the basic shape of the front wall member 2 or the back member 21. Fig. 4 (1) is a front view showing the inner surface 12 of the front wall material 2. 4(2) is a plan view showing the upper side surface 13, and FIG. 4(3) is a side view showing the side surface 15. The convex portion disposed at four places on the inner surface is the joint portion 26, and the vertical surface on the side surface side shown in Fig. 4 (2) serves as the joint surface 27, and is provided at the center portion. Into the hole 28. The wall material is a rectangular plate having a height of 1 to 1.5 m, a width of 1.5 to 2.0 m, and a thickness of about 10 to 15 cm, and a joint portion is placed, and ready-mixed concrete is put into a predetermined formwork to be produced. Between the inner material surface of the front wall material of the rectangular plate and the outer material surface 11, the mesh reinforcement is reinforced as an additional bar, but is omitted. The front wall changes the side length by the front slope provided. The case where the solid line indicates the front is vertical and the dotted line indicates the case where the slope is 5 points. In the present example, the processing using the slope of the upper side surface and the lower side surface 14 is omitted. The rear wall material 22 of the back material is substantially identical in shape to the front wall material. In the case where the back material is the frame member 23, the portion of the broken line at the center portion of the wall material is hollow, and the outer portion is cut by the joint portion. The arrangement of the anti-displacement convex portion 17 and the anti-displacement hole 18 of the lower side surface 14 which are provided as needed is a position of 1/4 of the length of the upper side and the lower side, and it is also assumed that the blocks are stacked in a zigzag configuration.

Fig. 5 shows the state of the connecting member 3 and the connection. In the present embodiment, a steel material having a predetermined compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength is used as the connecting material 3 connecting the front wall member 2 and the back member 21. The upper material 31 and the oblique material 33 joined to the one end of the upper spiral material are shown in Figs. 5 (1) and (2), and the one end portion of the lower spiral member 32 is shown in Fig. 5 (3). (4) In the end portion on the other side of the lower string member, the state of being joined to the oblique material is omitted as compared with Figs. 5(1) and (2). Regarding the front wall material of the basic shape described above, an L-shaped steel 36 of about 6×50×50 to L6×75×75 mm is used for the two-string steel, and a flat steel of about 6×50 to 6×75 mm is used. 37 used in oblique materials, each The members are provided with bolt through holes 34 at both ends. A bolt 35 having a diameter of 16 mm and a length of about 50 mm is used in the joint fitting, and is fitted in a pair with the fitting hole 28 provided in the joint surface 27, and can be screwed. As shown in Fig. 5, the L-shaped steel of the upper material of the connecting material is placed above the horizontal plane, and the lower spiral material is disposed such that the horizontal surface is downward, and the front wall material and the rear material are joined, and the joint portion 26 is overlapped with the oblique material alone or on the joint surface. , tighten the bolts.

The construction condition of the retaining wall 4 connected by the block 1 is shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 (1) shows the state of the natural foundation 46 before the retaining wall is built in a broken line. After the necessary excavation of the natural foundation, the foundation gravel or the foundation concrete 43 is constructed, and the block of the present invention is provided, and the fixed form 52 is disposed at both ends in the horizontal direction of the block shown in Fig. 5 (2), and the concrete is placed. The inner wall is formed by the front wall material 2 and the back material 21 of the connected block and the fixed template. After all the blocks have been stacked, it is not necessary to pour the filled concrete 44 of the inner space. It is only necessary to divide the casting several times according to the stacking condition of the block. Not shown in the drawings, the joining bars are arranged in a concrete joint as needed. In this case, the retaining wall protected by the square is constructed by 12 blocks. The retaining wall is different from the retaining wall composed of a conventional concrete block. After considering the stability of the earth pressure behind the retaining wall 42, the retaining wall can be constructed.

[Embodiment 2]

Fig. 7 shows a block 1 in which the front wall member 2 and the frame member 23 have a 5-point inclination, and Fig. 8 shows an embodiment in which the retaining wall 4 using the block is constructed. The case of construction such as road widening in the natural foundation 46 of the relatively stable soft rock is shown as an example. The construction procedure is as follows. (1) The thickness of the backfill space 48 is controlled by the back of the block with the same inclination as the slope of the back surface of the block, and the geomachining is performed. In the present example, at the 5 degree slope of the cutting surface 47, the depth of the backfill space needs to consider the diameter of the backfill concrete 45 and consider the ease of the ready-mixed concrete. More than 10cm is ideal. (2) As shown in Fig. 8 (2), the front view (the BB cross section in the figure) is provided with a water permeable mat 50 on the cut surface. The water permeable mat is used as a water permeable surface on the side of the soil cutting surface, and is a watertight surface on the side of the block. The impervious surface is punched in the installation place of the drain pipe 51, and the groundwater from the permeable mat is guided to the drain pipe. . The pipe of the drain pipe of about one place is performed at approximately 2 m ² or less of the cut surface. (3) The base concrete 43 is poured into an excavation for foundation surface. (4) As shown in Figs. 8 (3) and (4), the lowermost block is placed on the foundation concrete. (5) As shown in Fig. 8 (3), the backfill 49 in front of the block in the lowermost stage is poured, and after compaction, the filled concrete 44 of the block and the backfill concrete 45 connected to the cut surface are simultaneously Figure 8 (3) shows the filling and backfilling concrete position after the second block is set.). (6) Set the second concrete block above the lowermost concrete block. The front view after the block body is set is shown in Fig. 8 (4), and is arranged as a straight line in which the blocks are placed at the same position on the upper and lower sides. The concrete joint is shown as the height of the middle of the block as shown in Fig. 8 (3). It is used to ensure the integrity of the structure containing the block by pouring concrete on site. (7) Next, the third block is set, and the concrete is poured and backfilled. (8) Repeat the block setting and concrete pouring in order to construct the structure. The block has high self-supporting stability, and the concrete is poured by pouring, so that the concrete is poured back into the back part of the block by the space enclosed by the block to the back of the natural foundation.

[Example 3]

FIG. 9 shows an example of the arrangement of the continuous blocks 1 having different inclinations of the outer surface 11 of the front wall member 2. In order to apply the block to a structure such as a bank 53, a structure in which the slope of the front surface changes. In this example, the outer wall surface of the front wall 2 of the block has a slope of 10% in the lowermost section, a 5 degree slope in the second section, and a 2 degree slope in the third section, and the uppermost section becomes vertical. Regarding the back material 21, the rear wall member 22 or the frame member 23 is used, but in the case where the outer surface side is a space, the rear wall material equivalent to the front wall material is used. Further, the continuity of the block also includes the provision of spacers to ensure continuity. In this example, the outer wall of the front wall has a slope of 2 points and a vertical block arrangement spacer 29.

[Example 4]

Fig. 10 shows an embodiment in which the block 1 having the difference in the front wall member 2 and the frame member 23 has a front wall member disposed on the outside, and a frame member is disposed on the inner side to connect the bank 53 in a plurality of pairs. As shown in the side view of Fig. 10 (1), the front wall material has a 5-point slope and the frame material is vertical. It is necessary to configure the block in consideration of the shape of the entire structure, but the frame material does not need to be vertical. The connection of the block of Fig. 10 has the stability of self-standing as a whole of the connected blocks, and after the entire block is connected in the height direction, concrete pouring can be performed in the inner bag space 16 and the inter-block space.

[Example 5]

Fig. 11 is an explanatory view of an embodiment related to the construction of the concrete dam 54. Fig. 11 (1) shows a front view of the downstream side of the bank body, and Fig. 11 (2) shows a plan view of the bank, and the assembled state of the block 1 in the cross section of the water passing portion at the center in the figure is shown in Fig. 11 ( 3) Assembly side view of the block 1. according to In the lower part of the bank body, in the horizontal direction, the block which is disposed on the upstream side with the front wall member 2 and the frame member 23 at a slope angle is connected, and on the downstream side. The block having a slope of 2 points in front wall material and frame material forms an inter-block space between the pair of blocks, and a concrete method of pouring concrete at the same time as the inner bag space 16 is used. A block having a front wall material having a slope of 1 on the upstream side and a front wall member having a slope of 2 on the downstream side is disposed in the upper portion of the bank, and a block having a vertical front wall is provided on the upstream and downstream sides near the top portion. body. In this example, in the lower portion where the thickness of the bank is large, the back material is a block in which the frame member is used.

Claims (5)

A stacking block for a retaining wall, which is connected to a space in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction, and is filled with a filling material to construct a structure, including a front wall material and a frame material of the facing, and a connecting material connecting the two materials. The connecting material forms a stable skeleton plane in which the plurality of faces are formed by the upper and lower strings, and the one end of the upper side of the upper string, and the inclined material joined to the other end of the lower string. . The stacking block for retaining walls according to claim 1, wherein the frame material comprises a pair of upper and lower horizontal members and a pair of left and right longitudinal members. A stacking block for retaining walls, which is constructed by constructing a structure filled with a filling material in a space surrounded by a horizontal direction or a vertical direction, and includes a front wall material facing the crucible and a surface material different from the outer surface of the front wall material. a wall material after the slope of the outer surface and a connecting material connecting the two materials, wherein the connecting material forms a plurality of faces between the two materials, and the upper and lower strings are combined with the end of one side of the upper string, and the lower string The end of the material on the other side of the material is combined with a diagonal material to form a stable skeleton plane. The stacking block for retaining walls according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the joining material is steel. A concrete structure is constructed by stacking blocks for retaining walls of any one of claims 1 to 4.