TWI643846B - 色素增感型太陽能電池 - Google Patents
色素增感型太陽能電池 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI643846B TWI643846B TW105101072A TW105101072A TWI643846B TW I643846 B TWI643846 B TW I643846B TW 105101072 A TW105101072 A TW 105101072A TW 105101072 A TW105101072 A TW 105101072A TW I643846 B TWI643846 B TW I643846B
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- Prior art keywords
- dye
- solar cell
- sensitized solar
- adsorbent
- group
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 alkylammonium ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-bithiophene Chemical group C1=CSC(C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 OHZAHWOAMVVGEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC(O)=O WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAEJSNFTJMYIEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JAEJSNFTJMYIEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DZQISOJKASMITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane;hydron Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O DZQISOJKASMITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YTGYSYJZMRLMIN-CSOVRXNHSA-N (E)-2-cyano-3-[5-[4-[4-(2,4-dibutoxyphenyl)-N-[4-(2,4-dibutoxyphenyl)phenyl]anilino]phenyl]thiophen-2-yl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C(CCC)OC1=C(C=CC(=C1)OCCCC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=C(S1)/C=C(/C(=O)O)\C#N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)OCCCC)OCCCC YTGYSYJZMRLMIN-CSOVRXNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTNAYKNIZNSHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid;ruthenium(2+);dithiocyanate Chemical compound N#CS[Ru]SC#N.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1 LTNAYKNIZNSHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OZFUEQNYOBIXTB-SJIUXOFISA-N 2-[(2e,5z)-5-[[4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1h-cyclopenta[b]indol-7-yl]methylidene]-2-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound O=C1N(CC)C(=S)S\C1=C(\S\1)N(CC(O)=O)C(=O)C/1=C/C1=CC=C(N(C2C3CCC2)C=2C=CC(C=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)=CC=2)C3=C1 OZFUEQNYOBIXTB-SJIUXOFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTRIDVOOPAQEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCS DTRIDVOOPAQEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GEWAYNSSSMLHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,3-dimethylbutyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCP(O)(=O)CCC(C)(C)C GEWAYNSSSMLHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004699 copper complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQFQTTNMBUPQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1CCC1 HQFQTTNMBUPQAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N serine phosphoethanolamine Chemical compound [NH3+]CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O UQDJGEHQDNVPGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/74—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種色素增感型太陽能電池，其係應用於Ru金屬上配位有2個硫氰酸酯基、與互異之2個聯吡啶配位子而成的非對稱釕錯合物，作為光增感色素，且應用於以碳數1以上且3以下之直鏈狀飽和烴為主鏈的烴基上配位有2個羧基而成的有機化合物，作為共吸附劑。本發明對於設計性優良之色素增感型太陽能電池，提高於屋內生活空間等之低照度環境下的發電效率，有助於用途擴大。本發明之色素增感型太陽能電池，即使於如室內之一般的生活空間之低照度環境下，亦可發揮高的發電效率。
Description
本發明係關於色素增感型太陽能電池，且關於亦適合於屋內之低照度環境下的利用者。
色素增感型太陽能電池(Dye Sensitized Solar Cell：以下稱為DSC)，係由有機系材料所構成之太陽能電池，其係利用有機系色素所致之光吸收來發電者。該DSC，相較於已廣為實用化之矽太陽能電池(單結晶矽太陽能電池、多結晶矽太陽能電池等)，於可透視化、具有五顏六色之色彩、可實現依照用途之設計之觀點上為優良。又，亦具有製造容易，可便宜地量產等優點。
作為DSC之一般的構成，以於基板上具備載持有色素材料之氧化物層(一般而言係使用氧化鈦等)而成的透明電極等之電極為中心，由與電極對向之對電極、與配置於電極與對電極之間的電解質(一般而言係使用碘化物溶液)所構成。載持於氧化物之色素，將吸收光所產生之電子對氧化物供給，而將光能轉換為電能。又，電解
質係作為對因電子供給而成為氧化狀態之色素供給電子而發揮作為還原劑之功能。
關於如此之DSC的基本發電原理，使用圖1來說明。圖1係概略說明DSC之發電原理者。如圖1所示，於電極中，因色素之光吸收所產生之電子，被注入氧化物後，通過基板及外部電路流向對電極。於對電極之表面，電子被供給至電解質之碘分子等而成為陰離子，藉由使碘離子對經光吸收而被氧化之色素供給電子，色素會再生，並且碘離子亦回到原本的分子狀態。藉由重複上述循環，會抑制氧化所致之色素分解，並且使色素再生，而成為可重複進行光吸收之狀態。
DSC之性能(發電效率)，係被所載持之色素特性所左右，因此作為此色素係有開發各種化合物。作為DSC開發時所使用之先驅性的色素材料，例如有發現出下述的釕錯合物(N3色素)(專利文獻1)。此外，為了改善N3色素之特性所開發的其類似化合物Z907色素亦為自以往已知者。進一步地，最近對於此等色素，有報告作為吸光係數(莫耳吸光係數ε)高，較以往品之發電性能高的色素材料之CYC系釕錯合物等。CYC系釕錯合物，可列舉如下述之CYC-B11、CYC-B1等。
〔專利文獻1〕國際公開第2012/118044號小冊
此處，作為DSC之用途，不僅屋外，亦期待於屋內之利用。其係因DSC相較於主要以太陽光為光源之以往的矽太陽能電池而言，即使以室內之螢光燈或LED為光源時，亦有比較高的轉換效率之故。於室內環境中，相較於如太陽光之強力的光能而言，照射強度弱，光源之波長亦侷限於可見光區域，因此DSC之性能(發電效率)提高變得非常重要。又，為了活用如上述之DSC的設計性優良的優點，則不僅小鋼珠店或便利商店等高照度條件，即使於如一般的生活空間之低照度條件下亦期望發電效率高，亦即較佳為可於10~2500勒克斯之廣照度範圍下維持高發電效率。
基於如此的需求，作為謀求提高發電效率之方法，如專利文獻1般，已知有將抑制色素分子聚集之有機化合物(共吸附劑)，與色素一起載持於氧化物層之DSC。此係因與原本目的之因色素之光吸收所產生之電子向對電極流動的電子流動相反地，考量電子由氧化物層洩漏至電解質的現象(反電子移動反應)，係發電效率降低之要因所致。此處，關於反電子移動反應，使用圖2來說明。圖2係示意性表示於氧化物上之色素及共吸附劑的載持狀況、與電子對電解質之流動者。圖2中，(a)係關於未使用共吸附劑的情況、(b)係關於使用共吸附劑的
情況。如(a)所示，未使用共吸附劑的情況，於未載持色素而表面露出之氧化物表面，容易產生對電解質之電子供給。另一方面，使用吸附劑的情況，可認為如(b)所示，藉由將共吸附劑載持於氧化物，而減低表面所露出之氧化物，對電解質之電子供給變少。
如以上所述，色素之排列係有偏差，未載持色素之氧化物表面增加時，容易產生對電解質之反電子移動反應，因此於DSC係使用共吸附劑。特別是利用非對稱且大型的色素作為色素時，可認為容易產生色素彼此的聚集/偏析，因此共吸附劑添加之必要性高。但是，關於使用非對稱且大型的色素之DSC，依本發明者等人確認添加共吸附劑所致之反電子移動反應的抑制效果後，於約1000勒克斯以上之較高照度的環境下，如上述假說所述，雖容易抑制發電效率之降低，但於約200~500勒克斯程度之較低照度的環境下，即使添加共吸附劑，亦有無法抑制發電效率降低的情況。
因而，本發明在關於應用了非對稱且大型的色素之DSC，其目的為提供即使於如室內之一般生活空間的低照度環境下，亦容易維持高發電效率之DSC。
本發明者等為了解決上述課題，針對使用了共吸附劑之DSC，並且應用了非對稱且大型的色素時亦為適合的共吸附劑，進行探討。首先，就共吸附劑之大小而
言，以往一般係利用與色素同等程度之尺寸的較大共吸附劑。例如，作為公知之共吸附劑，可列舉如下述式所示之DINHOP(雙-(3,3-二甲基-丁基)-次膦酸)、DPA(癸基膦酸)等，但此等共吸附劑係分子尺寸、分子量、或碳數等為較大者。相對於此，本發明者等探討後，發現了於非對稱且大型的色素，反而分子尺寸等為小的共吸附劑，有較為適宜的傾向。此可認為係因大型的色素中，排列狀態特別容易變得不規則，就未載持色素之氧化物表面而言，可能產生極端狹小的空隙、或寬廣的空間之故。可認為若為分子尺寸等較小的共吸附劑，則對氧化物上之該不規則的空間，亦可容易緻密地配置。
由以上之探討，於應用非對稱且大型的色素
之DSC，進行了應用一定分子尺寸、分子量、或碳數以下者作為共吸附劑之探討，但僅有分子尺寸等小，仍有無法抑制發電效率降低的情況。因此，關於共吸附劑，大小之條件以外的方面亦必須考慮。其結果，著眼於共吸附劑對氧化物之結合程度，對於共吸附劑之取代基(特別是末端基)亦進行探討。由以上所述，本發明者等，於利用非對稱且大型的色素之DSC，藉由應用將分子之大小等與取代基一併最佳化的有機化合物作為共吸附劑，則即使於低照度環境亦可得到發電效率高者，而思及本發明。
亦即本發明關於一種色素增感型太陽能電池(DSC)，其係具有於基板上具備載持有光增感色素及共吸附劑之氧化物層而成的電極、與電極對向之對電極、及配置於電極與對電極之間的電解質之色素增感型太陽能電池，其特徵為，光增感色素，為下述通式(1)表示之於Ru金屬上配位有2個硫氰酸酯基、與互異之2個聯吡啶配位子而成的非對稱之釕錯合物，共吸附劑，為下述通式(2)表示之於以碳數1以上且3以下之直鏈狀飽和烴為主鏈的烴基(Y)上配位有2個羧基而成的有機化合物。
通式(1)之釕錯合物
(式中，A及B為直鏈烴基(碳數1以上且12以下)、或具有1個以上之以硫或氧為雜原子之雜環的取代基；X為可於溶劑中游離之1價陽離子)。
通式(2)之有機化合物
(式中，Y為以碳數1以上且3以下之直鏈狀飽和烴為主鏈的烴基)。
以下詳細說明本發明之DSC的各構成。
本發明之DSC所具有之電極、對電極、及電解質當中，首先說明電極。電極係於基板上具備氧化物層而成，該氧化物為載持有光增感色素及共吸附劑者。本發明為應用具有2個羧基作為取代基(末端基)，而且夾在此等羧基間的烴基，為以碳數1以上且3以下之直鏈狀飽和烴作為主鏈的有機化合物，作為此共吸附劑者。
烴基(Y)之主鏈的碳數為1以上且3以下時，容易成為發電效率高之DSC。此可認為是即使光增感色素之載持狀態產生偏差時，亦因共吸附劑之尺寸為適度地小，而被規則地配置於氧化物表面之微小區域等所致。主鏈之碳數較佳為1以上且2以下。碳數4以上時，不易得到反電子移動反應之抑制效果，不易維持高的發電效率。
如前所述，共吸附劑之構成，如通式(2)所示，係於烴基(Y)之兩端配位有羧基(-COOH)而成。如此地，應用具有2個羧基之共吸附劑時，容易成為發電效率高之DSC。此可認為係因藉由具有複數個與氧化物鍵結之羧基，而更確實地實行共吸附劑所致之氧化物表面的被覆之故。
本發明之共吸附劑，如上所述，只要係以於2個羧基中夾持有一定長之碳數的直鏈狀之主鏈的烴之構成為前提，則作為側鏈，可採取以下所示之取代基。亦即，作為烴基(Y)之側鏈，較佳為具有由氫原子、鏈狀或環狀之烴基、或羥基(-OH)中選出之取代基；特佳為具有
由氫原子、甲基、苄基、羥基中選出之取代基。
共吸附劑之適合的例子，可列舉蘋果酸、2-甲基丙二酸、苄基丙二酸、琥珀酸、2-甲基琥珀酸、戊二酸、酒石酸(L體、D體、或內消旋(meso)體)等。以下對於適合的例子之共吸附劑，例示其構造式。
與上述共吸附劑一起載持於氧化物之光增感色素，係應用通式(1)所示之釕錯合物。如上所述，本發明藉由特定光增感色素與共吸附劑之組合，即使使用非對稱且大型的光增感色素時，亦提供發電效率高的DSC。本發明所應用之光增感色素的構成，係為於中心之Ru金屬上配位有2個硫氰酸酯基(-NCS)、與2個聯吡啶配
位子而成。2個聯吡啶配位子係互為相異，為具有2個羧酸基之聯吡啶配位子；與具有直鏈烴基或具有1個以上之以硫或氧為雜原子之雜環的取代基之聯吡啶配位子。如此地，本發明之共吸附劑，係配位有2個相異的聯吡啶配位子，而具有非對稱構造者。
配位於光增感色素之聯吡啶基的取代基A及B，為直鏈烴基(碳數1以上且12以下)；或具有1個以上之以硫或氧為雜原子之雜環的取代基。取代基A及B亦可採取相異之取代基，但較佳為同一取代基。A及/或B之適合的例子，為具有五員環或六員環之雜環者。具體而言可列舉噻吩基、呋喃基、聯噻吩基、伸乙二氧噻吩基等，特佳為具有噻吩基或聯噻吩基。又，A及/或B，較佳
為碳數1以上且12以下(較佳為6以上且9以下)之飽和烴基；或以具有碳數1以上且9以下(較佳為6以上且8以下)之飽和烴基的硫醚基為側鏈之聯噻吩基。
光增感色素中之X，係可於溶劑中游離之1價陽離子。X可與羧基陰離子(-COO-)成對而形成鹽或酸，相當於所謂對離子。X之例子，可列舉氫離子、鹼金屬離子、烷基銨離子((CnH2n-1)4N+、n為1以上且6以下)等。鹼金屬離子之適合的例子，係鋰離子(Li+)、鈉離子(Na+)、鉀離子(K+)，烷基銨離子之適合的例子，係四-n-丁基銨離子((CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N+)。其中，特佳為氫離子、鉀離子、四-n-丁基銨離子。
特佳之光增感色素的例子，可列舉CYC-B11及CYC-B1。以下表示構造式。CYC-B11及CYC-B1，均具有聯噻吩基作為取代基A及B。CYC-B1為具有碳數8之飽和烴基作為聯噻吩基之側鏈，且X為氫原子之釕錯合物。又，CYC-B11為配位有具有碳數6之飽和烴作為聯噻吩基之側鏈的硫醚基之釕錯合物。CYC-B11中之X，為鉀離子或四-n-丁基銨離子。下述構造式中，X為鉀者稱為K型、為四-n-丁基銨者稱為U型。CYC-B11中，K型之色素係特別適宜。依照本發明者等，K型之色素，於低照度環境下，特別是發電效率降低的情況多，然藉由採用與本發明之共吸附劑的組合，有容易抑制發電效率降低之傾向。
如以上所述，本發明之特徵在於光增感色素與共吸附劑之組合，然關於此等各材料之存在比例，亦若為特定之範圍內，則容易成為發電效率高的DSC。由如此觀點，載持於氧化物層之光增感色素與共吸附劑，莫耳比(光增感色素/共吸附劑)較佳為0.1以上且5以下。該莫耳比未達0.1時，會有阻礙有助於發電之色素化合物的吸附之傾向，莫耳比超過5時，則不易抑制反電子移動。
再者，於氧化物層上，除了上述光增感色素及共吸附劑以外，亦容許具有用以擴張DSC之對應波長區域的雞尾酒色素。作為雞尾酒色素，係使用D35色素、D131色素、D149色素、D209色素等之有機物。
載持上述光增感色素及共吸附劑之氧化物層係以氧化鈦、氧化鋯、氧化釩、氧化錳、氧化鋅、氧化鈮、氧化鉬、氧化銦、氧化錫、氧化鉭、氧化鎢等之氧化物構成。特佳為氧化鈦。氧化物層可由單層構成、亦可依功能而由複數層形成。將氧化物層以複數層形成時的例
子，可一邊以載持色素材料而將光轉換為電子之透過層為中心功能層，同時附加地設定使以透過層未能完全補足的光進行漫反射、反射之散射層、反射層等。為多層構造時，材料係為共通者，同時可調整氧化物之粒徑、粒度分布，來對功能賦予特徵。
形成上述氧化物層之基板，於玻璃以外，多有應用PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯)、PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二酯)、PES(聚乙硫醚)、PO(聚烯烴)、PI(聚醯亞胺)等之有機塑膠。其係因於DSC中，多有基板係氧化物層之支撐體，而且發揮作為受光面之功能，因此較佳為具有光透過性者之故。又，有機塑膠因具有可撓性，故可製造可撓形狀的DSC。亦可對以此等材料構成之基板，於表面形成ITO、FTO等之透明電極膜。再者，透明導電膜之厚度，多為應用0.1~2.0μm者。
作為對在以上之基板上具備氧化物層而成的電極對向配置的對電極，係使用鉑、碳、導電性高分子膜等。又，作為配置於電極與對電極之間的電解質，係使用利用了碘、溴、鈷錯合物、銅錯合物等的電解液，利用了碘的電解質為佳。
以上說明的本發明之DSC之製造方法，例如可應用於基板上形成氧化物層後，使含有色素材料及共吸附劑之溶液接觸於氧化物層，而於氧化物層之空孔載持色素及共吸附劑的方法等。氧化物層之形成方法，例如較佳為將使氧化物之粉末分散或溶解於適宜之溶劑而得的處理
液塗佈於基板並乾燥、燒成而使其堆積之方法。再者，形成複數個氧化物層的情況時，係進行複數次的處理液之塗佈/燒成即可。
色素及共吸附劑可添加於相同溶液，而一次地載持於氧化物上、亦可製成各別的溶液，予以階段性地載持。又，雞尾酒色素亦可添加於相同之溶液來載持。
色素溶液之調製，係將色素溶解於DMF(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺)、GBL(γ-丁內酯)、DMSO(二甲基甲醯胺)、DMAc(N,N-二甲基乙醯胺)、DEF(N,N-二乙基甲醯胺)、環丁碸、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、二噁烷、THF(四氫呋喃)、二氧雜環戊烷(dioxolane)、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯等之溶劑。
如以上說明，本發明之色素增感型太陽能電池(DSC)，即使於如一般的生活空間之低照度環境下亦具有高發電效率。特別是應用非對稱且大型的光增感色素時，亦可抑制發電效率之降低。
C‧‧‧色素
A‧‧‧共吸附劑
Ox‧‧‧氧化物、氧化物層
L‧‧‧電解質
EC‧‧‧電極
EPt‧‧‧對電極
S‧‧‧基板
R‧‧‧光線
e-‧‧‧電子
〔圖1〕說明DSC之基本發電原理的概略圖。
〔圖2〕說明反電子移動反應之原理的概略圖。
以下說明本發明之適合的實施形態。
於基板形成氧化物層後，使含有光增感色素與各種共吸附劑之色素溶液進行吸附載持，而製造DSC。詳細條件如以下所述。
‧基板
玻璃基板(尺寸15×25mm、厚度1.8mm)
FTO膜(薄片電阻15Ω/□)
‧氧化物層(單層)
TiO2(粒徑15~30nm)：10μm
‧色素溶液
色素：CYC-B11 K型
溶劑：DMAc
共吸附劑：如表1所示
色素濃度：0.30mM%
莫耳比：(色素/共吸附劑)1/1
溫度：25℃
DSC之製造，係首先於基板塗佈分散有上述TiO2粉末的處理液，於120℃乾燥後，於450℃燒成而形成氧化物層。將該基板浸漬於色素溶液60分鐘後取出後，貼合鉑板作為對電極，於兩電極間填充含有碘之電解
質，作為DSC。
對於所製造之DSC，進行短路電流密度(Jsc)、開路電壓(Voc)、形狀因子(FF)、輸出密度(Pdens)之各特性的評估。此等之測定，係使用山下電裝製太陽模擬器(YSS-80A)，以模擬太陽光(100mW/cm2)或LED光(1000勒克斯、200勒克斯)之照射條件，藉由測定J-V特性來進行。表2表示其結果。
由上述結果，於太陽光或1000勒克斯之高照度環境下，使用發電效率高之共吸附劑的情況時，於200勒克斯之低照度環境下，並不一定成為顯示高轉換效率等的DSC。特別是於200勒克斯之低照度環境下，使用於碳數1以上且3以下之烴基兩端具有2個羧基的No.1~6之蘋果酸、苄基丙二酸、琥珀酸、2-甲基琥珀酸、戊二酸、酒石酸作為共吸附劑時，Jsc、Voc、FF、Pdens之各特性為高。相對於此，僅使用1個羧基之No.7的乙醯丙酸、或No.8之使用4-胍基丁酸時，或No.9之不使用共吸附劑時，於200勒克斯之低照度環境下，Jsc、Voc、FF、Pdens之值整體地為低，特別是Pdens，均為10μW/cm2以下。
本發明係對於設計性優良之色素增感型太陽能電池(DSC)，提高於屋內生活空間等之低照度環境下的發電效率者，有助於DSC之用途擴大。
Claims (8)
- 一種色素增感型太陽能電池，其係具有於基板上具備載持有光增感色素及共吸附劑之氧化物層而成的電極、與電極對向之對電極、及配置於電極與對電極之間的電解質之色素增感型太陽能電池，其特徵為，光增感色素，為下述通式(1)表示之於Ru金屬上配位有2個硫氰酸酯基、與互異之2個聯吡啶配位子而成的非對稱之釕錯合物，共吸附劑，為下述通式(2)表示之於以碳數2之直鏈狀飽和烴為主鏈的烴基(Y)上配位有2個羧基而成的有機化合物，
- 如請求項1之色素增感型太陽能電池，其中共吸附劑為蘋果酸、琥珀酸、2-甲基琥珀酸、酒石酸之任1種以上。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之色素增感型太陽能電池，其中A及B為同一取代基。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之色素增感型太陽能電池，其中A及/或B具有五員環或六員環之雜環。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之色素增感型太陽能電池，其中A及/或B具有聯噻吩基。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之色素增感型太陽能電池，其中A及/或B為碳數1以上且12以下之飽和烴基、或以具有碳數1以上且9以下之飽和烴基的硫醚基為側鏈之聯噻吩基。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之色素增感型太陽能電 池，其中X為氫離子、鹼金屬離子、或烷基銨離子((CnH2n-1)4N+、n為1以上且6以下)。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之色素增感型太陽能電池，其中光增感色素與共吸附劑之莫耳比(光增感色素/共吸附劑)為0.1以上且5以下。
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