TWI624043B - 偏壓深溝槽隔雜 - Google Patents
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- TWI624043B TWI624043B TW106108343A TW106108343A TWI624043B TW I624043 B TWI624043 B TW I624043B TW 106108343 A TW106108343 A TW 106108343A TW 106108343 A TW106108343 A TW 106108343A TW I624043 B TWI624043 B TW I624043B
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- trench isolation
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000593989 Scardinius erythrophthalmus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1463—Pixel isolation structures
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1462—Coatings
- H01L27/14621—Colour filter arrangements
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- H01L27/14627—Microlenses
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Abstract
本發明揭示一種影像感測器,該影像感測器包含經安置在一半導體材料中之複數個光電二極體,及經耦合至一負電壓源之一穿半導體通孔。深溝槽隔離結構係安置在該複數個光電二極體中之個別光電二極體之間,以電且光學地隔離該等個別光電二極體。該等深溝槽隔離結構包含經耦合至該穿半導體通孔之一導電材料,及經安置在該等深溝槽隔離結構之側壁上且介於該半導體材料與該導電材料之間之一介電材料。
Description
本發明大體上係關於影像感測器,且特定言之但不排他地,係關於偏壓深溝槽隔離。
影像感測器已變得無所不在。影像感測器在數位靜態相機、蜂巢式電話、保全攝影機,以及醫療、汽車及其他應用中廣泛使用。用以製造影像感測器之技術持續大幅進步。例如,對更高解析度及更低功耗之需求已經促進此等裝置之進一步微型化及整合。 像素串擾當前限制了半導體影像感測器裝置之效能。理想地,一影像感測器中之各像素作為一獨立光子偵測器操作。換言之,一像素中之電子/電洞含量不會溢出至相鄰像素(或裝置中之任何其他像素)。在真實影像感測器中,情況並非如此。電信號可自一像素移動至另一像素。此串擾可增加白像素之數目、降低影像感測器靈敏度,並導致彩色信號混合。不幸的是,串擾之許多解決方案通常擴大了暗電流之影響或促成暗電流。暗電流與串擾之組合可造成明顯的影像劣化。 已經採用許多技術來減輕串擾/暗電流之影響並增強影像感測器效能。此等技術中之一些技術包含使用重摻雜區域以隔離個別像素且採用擷取後演算法來減少影像雜訊。然而,此等兩種方法仍然無法完全消除像素串擾及暗電流之影響。
本文中描述用於偏壓深溝槽隔離之一設備及方法的實例。在以下描述中,闡述眾多特定細節以提供對實施例之一詳盡理解。然而,熟習此項技術者將認識到,可在沒有具體細節中之一或多者的情況下,實施或以其他方法、組件、材料等等來實踐本文中描述的技術。在其他例項中,未展示或詳細描述熟知結構、材料或操作以避免模糊某些態樣。 貫穿本說明書對「一實例」、或「一實施例」之參考意謂結合實例所描述之一特定特徵、結構或特性係包含於本發明之至少一實例中。因此,在貫穿本說明書之各種地方出現片語「在一實例中」或「在一實施例中」不一定皆指代同一實例。此外,特定特徵、結構或特性可在一或多個實例中以任何合適方式組合。 貫穿本說明書,使用若干技術術語。此等術語具有其等所來源於之領域中之一般含義,除非本文中具體定義或其使用背景另有清楚指示。應注意,貫穿此文獻,元件名稱及符號可互換使用(例如,Si與矽);然而,此兩者皆具有相同含義。圖 1A
係一例示性影像感測器100A之一圖解說明。影像感測器100A包含經安置在半導體材料101中之複數個光電二極體111,及經安置在半導體材料101中之穿半導體通孔(TSV) 103。TSV 103經耦合至一負電壓源。深溝槽隔離結構係安置在個別光電二極體111之間,以電且光學地隔離光電二極體111。雖然因為圖 1A
展示影像感測器100A之一橫截面視圖而未描繪,但是深溝槽隔離結構以一格柵狀圖案互連以隔離個別光電二極體111。深溝槽隔離結構包含導電材料113 (如將所示,其經耦合至穿半導體通孔103),及經安置在深溝槽隔離結構之側壁上(介於半導體材料101與導電材料113之間)之介電材料115。在一實例中,介電材料115包含氧化鉿。在所描繪之實例中,導電材料113回應於自負電壓源施加之一負電壓而在半導體材料101中誘發一正電荷。在一實例中,導電材料113包含鎢。 如所示,影像感測器100A亦包含經安置在影像感測器100A之一背側上之光學屏蔽件107以及金屬互連件105。一第一金屬互連件105自穿半導體通孔103延伸至光學屏蔽件107,且一第二金屬互連件105自光學屏蔽件107延伸至導電材料113。在一實例中,光學屏蔽件107包含鋁,且金屬互連件105包含鎢及/或銅。 亦描繪微透鏡層151,其與複數個光電二極體111光學地對準以將光引導至複數個光電二極體111中。彩色濾光片陣列131係安置在半導體材料101與微透鏡層151之間。彩色濾光片陣列131可包含紅色、綠色及藍色濾光片,其等可被配置為一拜耳圖案、EXR圖案、X變換圖案等。然而,在一不同或相同實例中,彩色濾光片陣列131可包含紅外線濾光片、紫外線濾光片或隔離電磁頻譜之不可見部分的其他濾光片。應注意,個別彩色濾光片131係由一反射格柵133分離,以幫助將光引導至光電二極體111中。此反射格柵133可與深溝槽隔離結構垂直地對準,以促進光電二極體111中之光吸收。在一或多個實例中,反射格柵133係連接至光學屏蔽件107。在一實例中,反射格柵133及光學屏蔽件107可包含相同材料且可同時製造。 絕緣層121安置在半導體材料101與彩色濾光片陣列131之間。在所描繪之實例中,絕緣層121亦跨半導體材料101之表面延伸至其中TSV 103連接至光學屏蔽件107之區域。此處,金屬互連件105延伸穿過絕緣層121以接觸光學屏蔽件107。在所描繪之實例中,第二絕緣層153安置在彩色濾光片陣列131與微透鏡層151之間。第二絕緣層153可具有與絕緣層121相同或不同之材料成分。 邏輯晶圓191 (包含邏輯電路)經耦合至半導體材料101。邏輯電路經耦合至複數個光電二極體111以控制複數個光電二極體111之操作。如所描繪,結合介面181係提供於半導體材料101與邏輯晶圓191之間。穿半導體通孔103自半導體材料101延伸至結合介面181及邏輯晶圓191中。雖然未描繪,但是TSV 103可填充有一金屬或其他導電材料。金屬可被安置在TSV 103之中心,而TSV 103之諸側襯有氧化物或其他絕緣材料,以防止電流自TSV 103流入半導體材料101中。 在所圖解說明之實例中,影像感測器100A係一背照式影像感測器。然而,在其他實例中,影像感測器100A可為一前照式影像感測器。熟習此項技術者可明白的是,一背照式裝置中之電路(例如,包含於邏輯晶圓191中之電路)係位於光電二極體後面,使得電路不會阻斷影像光。相反地,在一前照式裝置中,電路係安置在光電二極體與入射影像光之間。圖 1B
係來自圖 1A
之一深溝槽隔離結構之一放大視圖(參見100B)。深溝槽隔離結構係安置在複數個光電二極體111中之個別光電二極體111之間。深溝槽隔離結構包含經安置在深溝槽隔離結構之側壁上之介電材料115及經安置在深溝槽隔離結構之中心之導電材料113。 深溝槽隔離結構經耦合至穿半導體通孔(例如,TSV 103),且TSV及深溝槽隔離結構皆經耦合至光學屏蔽件(例如,光學屏蔽件107)。穿半導體通孔經耦合至一負電壓源,且負電壓源在半導體材料101中靠近深溝槽隔離結構處誘發正電荷累積。如所描繪,當負電壓被施加於導電材料113時,正電荷積聚在半導體材料101與介電材料115之介面處。介電材料115與半導體材料101之介面處之正電荷可幫助減少光電二極體111之間的串擾,此係因為介面電壓阻斷半導體材料101中之表面狀態之間的電荷傳輸。因此,防止來自半導體材料101之表面狀態的電荷在影像感測器100A之背側上的像素之間移動。此減輕了諸如暗電流及白像素之不希望得到的電效應。 如先前所論述,介電材料115可包含鉿氧化物(HfO2
或HfOx
);然而,在其他實例中,介電材料115可包含其他氧化物,諸如:二氧化矽(SiO2
)、氮化矽(Si3
N4
)、矽氮氧化物(SiOx
Ny
)、五氧化二鉭(Ta2
O5
)、二氧化鈦(TiO2
)、二氧化鋯(ZrO2
)、氧化鋁(Al2
O3
)、氧化鑭(La2
O3
)、三氧化二鐠(Pr2
O3
)、二氧化鈰(CeO2
)、三氧化二釹(Nd2
O3
)、三氧化二鉕(Pm2
O3
)、三氧化二釤(Sm2
O3
)、三氧化二銪(Eu2
O3
)、氧化釓(Gd2
O3
)、三氧化二鋱(Tb2
O3
)、氧化鏑(Dy2
O3
)、氧化鈥(Ho2
O3
)、氧化鉺(Er2
O3
)、氧化銩(Tm2
O3
)、氧化鐿(Yb2
O3
)、三氧化二鎦(Lu2
O3
)、氧化釔等(Y2
O3
)等等。此外,熟習此項技術者將認識到,根據本發明之教示,可在介電材料115中採用上述金屬/半導體及其氧化物/氮化物/氮氧化物之任何化學計量組合。 類似地,導電材料113可包含鎢;然而,導電材料113亦可包含諸如以下項之金屬:銅、金、鈀、銀、鋁、銦、鉛、鎳、鈦等。熟習此項技術者將認識到,上述金屬(及未列舉之其他金屬)之任何化學計量組合可用於形成導電材料113。圖 2
圖解說明包含圖 1A
之影像感測器之一成像系統200之一實例。成像系統200包含像素陣列205、控制電路221、讀出電路211,及功能邏輯215。在一實例中,像素陣列205係光電二極體或影像感測器像素(例如,像素P1、P2…、Pn)之二維(2D)陣列。如所圖解說明,光電二極體經配置成列(例如,列R1至列Ry)及行(例如,行C1至行Cx)以擷取一人物、場所、物件等之影像資料,該影像資料接著可用於再現該人物、場所、物件等之一2D影像。 在一實例中,於像素陣列205中之各影像感測器光電二極體/像素已擷取其影像資料或影像電荷之後,影像資料由讀出電路211讀出且接著被轉移至功能邏輯215。讀出電路211可經耦合以自像素陣列205中之複數個光電二極體讀出影像資料。在各種實例中,讀出電路211可包含放大電路、類比轉數位轉換(ADC)電路或其他。功能邏輯215可簡單地儲存影像資料,或甚至藉由施加後製影像效果(例如,剪裁、旋轉、移除紅眼、調整亮度、調整對比度或其他)來操縱影像資料。在一實例中,讀出電路211可沿著讀出行線一次讀出一列影像資料(已圖解說明),或可使用諸如串列讀出或同時完全平行讀出所有像素之多種其他技術(未圖解說明)來讀出該影像資料。 在一實例中,控制電路221經耦合至像素陣列205以控制像素陣列205中之複數個光電二極體的操作。例如,控制電路221可產生用於控制影像擷取之一快門信號。在一實例中,該快門信號為一全域快門信號,用於同時啟用像素陣列205內之所有像素,以在一單個擷取窗期間同時擷取其等各自影像資料。在另一實例中,該快門信號為一捲動快門信號,使得在連續擷取窗期間,循序地啟用像素之各列、各行或各群組。在另一實例中,影像擷取係與照明效果(諸如閃光)同步。 在一實例中,成像系統200可包含於一數位相機、行動電話、膝上型電腦等中。此外,成像系統200可耦合至其他硬體件,諸如一處理器、記憶體元件、輸出(USB埠、無線發射器、HDMI埠等等)、照明/閃光、電輸入(鍵盤、觸控顯示器、軌跡板、滑鼠、麥克風等等)及/或顯示器。其他硬體件可將指令傳送至成像系統200,自成像系統200提取影像資料或操縱由成像系統200供應之影像資料。圖 3
係圖解說明影像感測器製造之一方法300之一流程圖。一些或全部方塊出現在方法300中之順序不應被視為具有限制性。實情係,受益於本發明之所屬領域之一般技術人員將理解,方法300中之一些可以未經圖解說明之各種循序執行,或甚至並列執行。此外,方法300可省略某些方塊以避免混淆某些態樣。替代地,方法300可包含在本發明之一些實施例/實例中不一定需要的額外方塊。 方塊301圖解說明提供半導體材料(例如,半導體材料101)及邏輯晶圓(例如,邏輯晶圓191)。在一實例中,由一結合介面(例如,結合介面181)將此等兩個元件結合在一起。在一實例中,半導體材料及邏輯晶圓皆包含矽;然而,在另一實例中,半導體材料及邏輯晶圓可包含鍺、砷、鎵等。在此處呈現之實例中,深溝槽隔離結構已經安置在半導體材料中。深溝槽隔離結構包含一介電材料(例如,介電材料115)及一導電材料(例如,導電材料113),且介電材料安置在導電材料與半導體材料之間。在一實例中,可藉由在半導體材料中蝕刻溝槽且接著用介電材料回填溝槽且緊接著用導電材料回填溝槽來形成深溝槽隔離結構。 方塊311描述在半導體材料中形成一穿半導體通孔(TSV)。在一實例中,此涉及蝕刻一穿過半導體材料之孔以接觸安置在結合介面及邏輯晶圓中之互連件。孔之蝕刻可取決於通孔之幾何形狀及所需蝕刻速率而由濕式或乾式蝕刻達成。接著,可用一絕緣材料(如二氧化矽等)回填該孔。接著,在絕緣材料中蝕刻另一孔。接著,用一導電材料(諸如一金屬等)回填此新孔。絕緣材料防止電子自導電材料流至半導體材料。 方塊321描繪蝕刻溝槽以接觸TSV及深溝槽隔離結構。在方塊321之前,在裝置之部分上沈積一絕緣層(例如,絕緣層121或絕緣層153)。接著,將孔蝕刻至絕緣層中以接觸TSV及深溝槽隔離結構。 方塊331圖解說明用鎢填充蝕刻在隔離層中之溝槽。雖然此處之鎢係選擇導電材料,但是在其他實例中,可使用許多其他金屬及半導體。 方塊341描述將鎢互連件連接至背側光學屏蔽件。在一實例中,光學屏蔽件與用於分離一彩色濾光片陣列中之個別彩色濾光片之金屬格柵之材料相同。金屬格柵安置在彩色濾光片陣列中之個別彩色濾光片之間,且幫助防止光電二極體之間之串擾。使用光學屏蔽件(與金屬格柵同時製造且連接至金屬格柵)將穿半導體通孔連接至深溝槽隔離結構減少連接此等兩件裝置架構另外需要之程序步驟之數目。在所描繪之實例中,金屬格柵/光學屏蔽件可藉由熱蒸發沈積且可包含鋁以增強其導電性。然而,在其他實例中,可使用導電性足夠大之其他金屬來形成金屬格柵/光學屏蔽件。 雖然未描繪,但是一旦金屬格柵形成,便可將彩色濾光片陣列沈積在金屬格柵中。此外,微透鏡可形成在彩色濾光片陣列上。微透鏡可由圖案化在彩色濾光片陣列之表面上之一光活性聚合物製成。一旦聚合物之矩形塊圖案化在彩色濾光片陣列上,便可熔化(或回流)該等塊以形成微透鏡之穹頂狀結構特性。 對本發明之所圖解說明之實例之以上描述(包含在說明書摘要中描述之內容)不希望為窮舉性的或將本發明限於所揭示之精確形式。如熟習此項技術者將認識到,雖然本文中出於圖解說明目的描述了本發明之特定實例,但是各種修改在本發明之範圍內係可能的。 在以上詳細描述之背景下可對本發明做出此等修改。所附申請專利範圍中使用之術語不應被解釋為將本發明限於說明書中揭示之特定實例。實情係,本發明之範疇應完全由根據沿用已久之請求項解釋規則來解釋之所附申請專利範圍判定。
100A‧‧‧影像感測器
100B‧‧‧深溝槽隔離結構
101‧‧‧半導體材料
103‧‧‧穿半導體通孔
105‧‧‧第一金屬互連件/第二金屬互連件
107‧‧‧光學屏蔽件
111‧‧‧光電二極體
113‧‧‧導電材料
115‧‧‧介電材料
121‧‧‧絕緣層
131‧‧‧彩色濾光片陣列
133‧‧‧反射格柵
151‧‧‧微透鏡層
153‧‧‧第二絕緣層
181‧‧‧結合介面
191‧‧‧邏輯晶圓
200‧‧‧成像系統
205‧‧‧像素陣列
211‧‧‧讀出電路
215‧‧‧功能邏輯
221‧‧‧控制電路
300‧‧‧方法
301‧‧‧方塊
311‧‧‧方塊
321‧‧‧方塊
331‧‧‧方塊
341‧‧‧方塊
C1‧‧‧行
C2‧‧‧行
C3‧‧‧行
C4‧‧‧行
C5‧‧‧行
Cx‧‧‧行
P1‧‧‧像素
P2‧‧‧像素
P3‧‧‧像素
Pn‧‧‧像素
R1‧‧‧列
R2‧‧‧列
R3‧‧‧列
R4‧‧‧列
R5‧‧‧列
Ry‧‧‧列
100B‧‧‧深溝槽隔離結構
101‧‧‧半導體材料
103‧‧‧穿半導體通孔
105‧‧‧第一金屬互連件/第二金屬互連件
107‧‧‧光學屏蔽件
111‧‧‧光電二極體
113‧‧‧導電材料
115‧‧‧介電材料
121‧‧‧絕緣層
131‧‧‧彩色濾光片陣列
133‧‧‧反射格柵
151‧‧‧微透鏡層
153‧‧‧第二絕緣層
181‧‧‧結合介面
191‧‧‧邏輯晶圓
200‧‧‧成像系統
205‧‧‧像素陣列
211‧‧‧讀出電路
215‧‧‧功能邏輯
221‧‧‧控制電路
300‧‧‧方法
301‧‧‧方塊
311‧‧‧方塊
321‧‧‧方塊
331‧‧‧方塊
341‧‧‧方塊
C1‧‧‧行
C2‧‧‧行
C3‧‧‧行
C4‧‧‧行
C5‧‧‧行
Cx‧‧‧行
P1‧‧‧像素
P2‧‧‧像素
P3‧‧‧像素
Pn‧‧‧像素
R1‧‧‧列
R2‧‧‧列
R3‧‧‧列
R4‧‧‧列
R5‧‧‧列
Ry‧‧‧列
參考以下圖式來描述本發明之非限制及非詳盡實例,其中除非另有圖解說明,否則相同元件符號貫穿各個視圖指代相同部分。圖 1A
係根據本發明之教示之一例示性影像感測器之一圖解說明。圖 1B
係根據本發明之教示之來自圖 1A
之一深溝槽隔離結構之一放大視圖。圖 2
圖解說明根據本發明之教示之包含圖 1A
之影像感測器之一成像系統之一實例。圖 3
係圖解說明根據本發明之教示之影像感測器製造之一方法之一流程圖。 對應的元件符號貫穿圖式的若干視圖指示對應組件。熟習此項技術者將明白,圖中之元件係出於簡單且清楚之目的而圖解說明,且不一定係按比例繪製。例如,圖中一些元件的尺寸可能相對於其他元件被誇大以幫助改良對本發明之各種實施例的理解。此外,為了更清楚地觀察本發明之此等各種實施例,通常不描繪在一商業可行實施例中有用或必要之常見但眾所周知的元件。
Claims (20)
- 一種影像感測器,其包括:複數個光電二極體,其等係安置在一半導體材料中;一穿半導體通孔(through-semiconductor-via),其係安置在該半導體材料中且經耦合至一負電壓源;及深溝槽(deep trench)隔離結構,其等係安置在該複數個光電二極體中之個別光電二極體之間,以電性地且光學地隔離該等個別光電二極體,其中該等深溝槽隔離結構包含:一導電材料,其經耦合至該穿半導體通孔及該負電壓源;及一介電材料,其係安置在該等深溝槽隔離結構之側壁上且介於該半導體材料與該導電材料之間。
- 如請求項1之影像感測器,其中該影像感測器係一背照式(backside illuminated)影像感測器,且其中該導電材料包含鎢或銅之至少一者。
- 如請求項1之影像感測器,其中該導電材料回應於自該負電壓源施加於該導電材料之一負電壓而在該半導體材料中之該等個別光電二極體之間誘發(induce)一正電荷。
- 如請求項1之影像感測器,進一步包括:一光學屏蔽件(optical shield),其係安置在該影像感測器之一背側上;及 金屬互連件(metal interconnect),其中一第一金屬互連件在該光學屏蔽件與該穿半導體通孔之間自該穿半導體通孔延伸,且其中一第二金屬互連件在該光學屏蔽件與該導電材料之間延伸。
- 如請求項4之影像感測器,其中該光學屏蔽件包含鋁,且其中該等金屬互連件包含鎢或銅之至少一者。
- 如請求項4之影像感測器,進一步包括:一微透鏡(microlens)層,其包含與該複數個光電二極體光學地對準以將光引導至該複數個光電二極體中之微透鏡;一彩色濾光片陣列,其係安置在該半導體材料與該微透鏡層之間;及一絕緣層,其係安置在該半導體材料與該彩色濾光片陣列之間,其中該等金屬互連件延伸穿過該絕緣層。
- 如請求項1之影像感測器,進一步包括:一邏輯晶圓,其包含邏輯電路,其中該邏輯電路經耦合至該複數個光電二極體以控制該複數個光電二極體之操作;及一結合介面(bonding interface),其係安置在該半導體材料與該邏輯晶圓之間,其中該穿半導體通孔自該半導體材料延伸至該結合介面中。
- 如請求項1之影像感測器,其中該介電材料包含氧化鉿。
- 一種成像系統,其包括: 複數個光電二極體,其等係安置在一半導體材料中;深溝槽隔離結構,其等係安置在該複數個光電二極體中之個別光電二極體之間,其中該等深溝槽隔離結構包含一介電材料,及經安置在該介電材料之一中心之一導電材料;及一穿半導體通孔,其係安置在該半導體材料中且經耦合至該等深溝槽隔離結構,其中該穿半導體通孔經耦合至一負電壓源,且其中回應於一負電壓之施加,該負電壓源在該半導體材料中靠近(proximate to)該等深溝槽隔離結構處誘發正電荷累積(accumulation)。
- 如請求項9之成像系統,其中該介電材料包含氧化鉿,且該導電材料包含鎢或銅之至少一者。
- 如請求項9之成像系統,進一步包括經安置成靠近該半導體材料之一光學屏蔽件,其中該等深溝槽隔離結構及該穿半導體通孔經耦合至該光學屏蔽件。
- 如請求項11之成像系統,其中該等深溝槽隔離結構及該穿半導體通孔係藉由金屬互連件耦合至該光學屏蔽件,其中一第一金屬互連件自該穿半導體通孔延伸至該光學屏蔽件,且一第二金屬互連件自該光學屏蔽件延伸至該等深溝槽隔離結構。
- 如請求項9之成像系統,進一步包括經耦合至該複數個光電二極體之控制電路及讀出電路,其中該控制電路控制該複數個光電二極體之操作, 且其中該讀出電路自該複數個光電二極體讀出影像資料。
- 如請求項9之成像系統,進一步包括:一微透鏡層,其包含與該複數個光電二極體光學地對準之微透鏡;及一彩色濾光片層,其係安置在該微透鏡層與該半導體材料之間。
- 一種電互連系統,其包括:複數個深溝槽隔離結構,其等係安置在一半導體材料中,其中該複數個深溝槽隔離結構包含一介電材料及一導電材料,且其中該介電材料係安置在該導電材料與該半導體材料之間;一穿半導體通孔,其係安置在該半導體材料中且經耦合至一負電壓源;一光學屏蔽件(shield),其經安置成靠近該半導體材料,其中該光學屏蔽件係利用金屬互連件耦合至該穿半導體通孔及該複數個深溝槽隔離結構。
- 如請求項15之電互連系統,其中一第一金屬互連件自該穿半導體通孔延伸至該光學屏蔽件,且其中一第二金屬互連件自該複數個深溝槽隔離結構延伸至該光學屏蔽件。
- 如請求項15之電互連系統,其中該負電壓源施加一負電壓於該複數個深溝槽隔離結構,以在該半導體材料中,於靠近該複數個深溝槽隔離結構處,誘發正電荷累積。
- 如請求項15之電互連系統,其中該導電材料包含鎢,且該介電材料包含氧化鉿。
- 如請求項15之電互連系統,其中該等金屬互連件包含鎢或銅之至少一者,且該光學屏蔽件包含鋁。
- 如請求項15之電互連系統,其中該電互連系統包含於一背照式影像感測器中,該背照式影像感測器包含經安置在該複數個深溝槽隔離結構之間之複數個光電二極體。
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