TWI622694B - 具有完整之氣體／水阻隔膜之外覆面板 - Google Patents
具有完整之氣體／水阻隔膜之外覆面板 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI622694B TWI622694B TW103109726A TW103109726A TWI622694B TW I622694 B TWI622694 B TW I622694B TW 103109726 A TW103109726 A TW 103109726A TW 103109726 A TW103109726 A TW 103109726A TW I622694 B TWI622694 B TW I622694B
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- Prior art keywords
- panel
- water barrier
- cementitious
- barrier film
- complete gas
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本公開提供外覆板水泥質面板，其阻止了水滲透和氣體洩漏。還提供了製備具有高效完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆板水泥質面板之方法。
Description
本申請要求美國專利申請14/198,093(其在2014年3月5日提交)之優先權權益，並且要求美國臨時申請61/792,545(其在2013年3月15日提交)之優先權權益，這兩個申請整體之公開通過引用之方式併入本文。
本發明涉及具有完整氣體/水阻隔膜之建築外覆面板(外牆護板)，以及製備和安裝該面板之方法。
氣體/水屏障作為建築圍護屏障系統之一部分，前提是要阻斷空氣、水和其他元素進、出建築物外殼之意外通道。外部氣體/水阻隔片膜首次被引入這個行業，但該領域也有與安裝片材相關之幾個問題存在，因為接縫是這種關鍵連接。片材之安裝並不總是與生產商提供之說明匹配。環境條件(如，風、溫度、降雨等)，可以為成功安裝片材創建顯著障礙。此外，片材背襯通常為其他建築材料提供不佳之粘結
表面，從而使得片材難以附著。
流體-施加之氣體/水阻隔膜是較新之行業，作為膜阻隔產品之替代品正獲得認可。流體-施加膜阻隔產品比片材膜阻隔產品在現場能更快地安裝。對該典型安裝人員之要求比用片材膜阻隔安裝小。流體-施加膜通常在現場噴塗，這大大增加了生產速度，與應用片材膜相比。然而，伴隨應用之問題可能發生，如由於塗敷器錯誤、設備問題、和/或環境條件(例如，風速，溫度，降雨等)而施加不正確之量。這些問題不僅影響了氣體/水屏障安裝之品質和耐用性，但也可以產生顯著之額外費用，清理和修復由於過噴相鄰建築物和汽車之損壞。
安裝外護套、氣體屏障和防水屏障之傳統方法，需要單獨之人員，以幾個步驟在建築物周圍完成安裝：先安裝護套，然後第二回合完成接縫，然後安裝防水屏障，並在接下來和獨立之回合中安裝氣體屏障。
因此，仍然需要提供氣體/水阻隔膜，其最大限度地減少了與安裝相關之問題。也仍需要在製造過程中在受控條件下塗覆有氣體/水阻隔膜之建築面板。
應當理解之是，這樣之背景描述已經由本發明人建立以幫助讀者，並且不被理解為暗示任何指明之問題是在本領域中所理解之本身。而所描述之原理可以，在一些方面和實施方案中，緩解其他系統固有之問題，它會被理解之是，受保護之本發明之範圍由所附之申請專利範圍限定，而不是由任何公開之特徵解決文中提到之任何特定問題之能力限
定。
在一個方面中，本公開涉及建築水泥質面板之實施方案，其阻止水滲透和氣體洩漏。
一個實施方案涉及水泥質面板，其包括水泥質核芯、至少一個覆蓋片材、和完整之氣體/水阻隔膜。在該面板中，覆蓋片材夾在該水泥質核芯和該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之間。該水泥質核芯可以包含硫酸鈣材料、波特蘭水泥或者兩者之組合。該面板可包括一第二覆蓋片材，並且在這個實施方案中，一水泥質核芯夾在該第一覆蓋片材和該第二覆蓋片材之間，並且該第一覆蓋片材夾在該水泥質核芯和該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之間。
在一些實施方案中，該水泥質面板包括紙片材或纖維氈作為覆蓋片材。多種纖維可以在該氈中使用，包括不限於多聚物和礦物纖維。
在一些實施方案中，一外覆面板包括一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，其包含：從30重量%至70重量%之聚合物粘結劑，選自聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、有機矽乳液、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物和其組合；以及從20重量%至50重量%之碳酸鈣。該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜可以進一步包括下述之至少之一：分散劑、消泡劑、顏料、增稠劑、防腐劑、pH調節劑、乳化穩定劑、潤濕劑和流平劑、交聯劑、和它們之組合。
進一步之實施方案包括一外覆面板，其中完整之
氣體/水阻隔膜具有範圍從10至90密耳之幹厚度。
在一些實施方案中，抗菌/抗真菌劑被添加至水泥質核芯、覆蓋片材和/或完整之氣體/水膜。合適之抗菌劑包括2-(4-噻唑基)苯並咪唑、銀沸石、氧化鋅和吡啶硫酮鋅。
進一步之實施方案提供一種製造具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板之廠內方法。該方法包括：製備具有水泥質材料之漿體；將該漿體夾在兩片覆蓋片材之間；使該漿體凝固並形成水泥質面板；以配方中含有聚合物粘結劑和碳酸鈣之完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，噴塗水泥質面板之至少一個表面上；以及在烘箱調理噴塗之水泥質面板，其中該面板暴露於至少兩個不同之溫度區。
10‧‧‧外覆面板
12‧‧‧水泥質核芯
14a‧‧‧覆蓋片材
14b‧‧‧覆蓋片材
16‧‧‧氣體/水阻隔膜
第1圖是具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之本發明外覆面板之局部剖面圖；並且第2圖描繪了在第2A圖中之對照面板，以及具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之本發明外覆面板(由第2B圖中本發明之方法獲得)。
本公開提供了多種外覆面板之實施方案，其在物理上是完整之具有氣體/水阻隔膜，以提供獨特之屏障組分。完整之氣體/水阻隔膜覆板可以提供易於安裝之單一面板，無
需在現場單獨安裝單獨之氣體和防水屏障。通過這樣做，完成圍護結構所需之步驟數減少，並且必須單獨密封之接頭數量減少，大大降低滿足建築物外殼所需之氣體/水屏障系統之性能要求所需之時間和勞動。本公開還提供涉及方法之實施方案，其中具有氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板是大量生產之，在受控之工廠環境中具有均勻之、單片屏障性能，從而減少了在該技術領域中與施加不足量屏障材料相關之問題。此外，在受控制之、本公開提供之自動化之出廠設置中，應用該氣體/水阻隔膜至外覆板，保證了膜之應用不受天氣/環境變化或工人疲勞之影響，從而提供一致之塗層厚度和在氣體/水阻隔膜和覆板基材之間最佳之粘結力。
特別地，在一些實施方案中，水泥質外覆面板包括在該面板之至少一個表面上之粘性之流體-施加之氣體/水屏障。參考第1圖，一些實施方案包括一外覆面板，具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，通常指定為10。該面板包括水泥質核芯12；覆蓋片材14a和可選之覆蓋片材14b，和氣體/水阻隔膜16。該水泥質核芯12夾在覆蓋片材14a和14b之間。該覆蓋片材14a覆蓋有氣體/水阻隔膜16，使得該覆蓋片材14a被夾在該水泥質核芯12和該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜16之間。
水泥質覆板可以由任意合適之用於外部塗敷無機核芯材料組成。特別地，該核芯可包括任何水泥質材料、物質或組合物、以及任何合適之添加劑。非限制性之、可以在水泥質核芯中使用之材料之例子包括：波特蘭水泥；索瑞爾水泥；礦渣水泥；粉煤灰水泥；鈣礬土水泥；水溶性之硫
酸鈣無水石膏；硫酸鈣α-半水合物，硫酸鈣β-半水合物，天然之，合成之或化學修飾之硫酸鈣半水合物；硫酸鈣二水合物(“石膏”，“凝固石膏”或“水合石膏”)以及它們之混合物。如本文所用，術語“硫酸鈣材料”是指任何上面引用之之硫酸鈣形式。在某些優選之實施方案中，該水泥質核芯包括硫酸鈣材料、波特蘭水泥、或其組合。優選地，該水泥質核芯包括石膏。
用於本公開實施方案之合適之水泥質外覆面板之例子包括，例如，來自United States Gypsum,Chicago,IL,市售之，以商品名SHEETROCK®、SHEETROCK FIRECODE®、SECUROCK®、FIBEROCK®，和DUROCK®。
該水泥質核芯可包含添加劑，如通常用於生產水泥質製品(如石膏板或水泥板)之任何添加劑。合適之添加劑包括，但不限於，結構性添加劑如礦物棉、連續或切碎之玻璃纖維(也稱為玻璃纖維)、珍珠岩、粘土、蛭石、碳酸鈣、聚酯和紙纖維。化學添加劑包括，例如，發泡劑、填充劑、促進劑、糖、增強劑(例如、磷酸鹽、膦酸鹽、硼酸鹽)、緩凝劑、粘結劑(例如澱粉和膠乳)、著色劑、殺真菌劑、和殺生物劑。使用一些這些和其他添加劑之實例描述於，例如，在美國專利號6342284；6410118；6632550；6800131；5643510；5714001；和6774146，以及美國專利申請公開號2004/0231916；2002/0045074；和2005/0019618，其公開內容在此通過引用併入本文。在某些實施方案中，該水泥質核芯還包括金屬纖維、纖維素纖維、礦物纖維、玻璃纖維、聚合
物纖維秒、碳纖維、或它們之組合。
該水泥質核芯被至少一個基材上所覆蓋，並且在一些實施方案中被兩個基材覆蓋，以相對於所述核芯在其相對面上覆蓋之方式。換句話說，該水泥質核芯被夾在兩個基材之間。該基材可以是覆蓋片材，如紙覆蓋片材或氈。各種類型之紙覆蓋片材是本領域已知之(例如，馬尼拉麻(manila)，牛皮紙，聚合物等)中，所有這些類型之紙覆蓋片材可以在本發明中使用。多層紙可在各種實施例中被使用。如果需要之話，該紙覆蓋片材可以用化學或物理之添加劑處理以賦予屬性，諸如防水、防火、抗真菌、和/或抗微生物性能、。在一些實施方案中，該覆蓋片材是紙覆蓋片材，具有約40至約65lb/msf(千平方英尺)之重量。
在其他實施方案中，包括纖維氈之覆蓋片材被使用。該氈可以包括任何合適類型之聚合物纖維、礦物纖維、或它們之組合。合適纖維之非限制性實例包括玻璃纖維、聚醯胺纖維、聚芳醯胺纖維、聚丙烯纖維、聚酯纖維(如聚對苯二甲酸乙酯(PET))、聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)、纖維素纖維(如棉、人造絲等)、以及它們之組合。此外，該纖維氈可以是疏水性或親水性之，塗布或未塗布之。纖維之選擇將取決於，在某種程度上，取決於水泥質覆板被使用之應用類型。例如，當覆板被用於需要耐熱或耐火性，適當之熱處理或耐火纖維應當被用於纖維氈。
該纖維氈可以是紡織之或無紡之。無紡氈包括用粘結劑結合在一起之纖維。該粘結劑可以是通常用於氈工業
之任何粘結劑。適宜之粘結劑包括但不限於，脲甲醛、三聚氰胺甲醛、硬脂酸化三聚氰胺甲醛、聚酯、丙烯酸樹脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯、用聚乙酸乙烯酯或丙烯酸、苯乙烯丙烯酸聚合物改性或共混之脲甲醛或三聚氰胺甲醛以及它們之組合。適宜之纖維氈包括可購得之用作水泥質製品外覆面板之氈。
該完整之面板可以通過任何合適之方法來製備。一般來說，有粘性流體-施加之氣體/水屏障被施加至水泥質外覆面板之至少一個表面(例如，面向外部之表面)。該有粘性流體可以是任何合適之組合物，並且在一些實施例中以液態聚合物製劑之形式。施加步驟可以包括將所述液體聚合物製劑添加到覆板表面之任何合適之方法。這樣之方法是本領域已知之，並且包括用所述液體聚合物製劑，例如，噴塗、輥(例如，壓力軋製)、抹、刷塗、抹、浸漬、浸泡、和/或浸漬該面板之表面。一旦應用，所述液體聚合物製劑在表面上乾燥、凝固、硬化和/或固化，提供一種具有防氣體和/或防潮性能之粘性層。這一步可以在室溫或在升高之溫度下進行，在一個指定之時間量來實現所需之粘合性水準。
所述之液體聚合物製劑可以是在流體-施加之膜中使用之任何合適之材料。氣體/水屏障配方之合適製劑應滿足或超過由CAN/ULC-S741規定之最低要求(“氣體屏障材料標準-規範”)，並通過ASTM E2178(“建築材料透氣性測試之標準試驗方法”)測試。這樣之製劑包括那些防止或儘量減少通過具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板之空氣滲入/滲出和水滲透，而面板仍保持可滲透水蒸汽。其他合適之氣體/
水屏障配方包括那些防止或減少空氣通過面板之滲入/滲出，也最大限度地減少了面板之水蒸汽滲透率。
在至少某些實施方案中，在乾燥和/或固化後，將液體聚合物製劑形成外覆面板之至少一個表面上之橡膠(彈性體)之膜。
至少在一些實施方案中，所述液體聚合物製劑包含一種或多種材料(例如，聚合物)，其作為聚合物粘結劑並在該製劑已乾燥和/或固化後提供自襯墊作用。適合具有完整氣體/水阻隔膜外覆面板之液體聚合物製劑非限定性實例包括聚丙烯酸酯(例如，基於甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、乙基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、2-氯乙基乙烯基醚、2-乙基己酯和甲基丙烯酸羥乙基酯之聚合物和共聚物)、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚(丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)、聚異戊二烯、聚丙烯腈丁二烯、聚氯丁二烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、有機矽乳液以及它們之組合。流體-施加膜之實例通過以下文獻舉例說明，例如，美國專利號8,151,537和7,662,221，其公開內容通過引用之方式併入本文中。
在某些實施方案中，所述液體聚合物製劑是液體乳劑(例如，液體聚合物乳液)，如水基彈性體乳液(例如，水基丙烯酸類乳液)或者油基彈性體乳液(例如，橡膠(彈性體)乳液)。在乳液中使用之溶劑可以是水、有機溶劑、或它們之組合。有機溶劑之例子包括礦物油、礦物油、二甲苯、和石腦油。
至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括由包含丙烯酸乳液之配方製備之膜。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括具有5至80重量%之聚丙烯酸酯之膜。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括具有30至70重量%之聚丙烯酸酯之膜。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括具有40至60重量%之聚丙烯酸酯之膜。
至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括從包含聚氨酯之配方製備之膜。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括含5至50重量%聚氨酯之膜。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括含10~40重量%聚氨酯之膜。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括一膜，該膜包括聚氨酯、與另一種聚合物(選自至少一種之矽樹脂和聚丙烯酸酯)之組合。至少在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，它包括苯乙烯共聚物。
意外地發現，在外覆面板中對於完整之氣體/水阻隔膜優選之聚合物粘結劑包括丙烯酸膠乳、丙烯酸苯乙烯共聚物和苯乙烯-丁二烯分散體。這些聚合物粘結劑可以從30%至70%之量使用。在一些實施方案中，聚合物粘結劑可以從以下市售之粘結劑選定：來自Omnova之PLIOTEC EL-25(丙烯酸類彈性體膠乳)，來自BASF之ACRONAL S400(丙烯酸
酯和苯乙烯之水性不含增塑劑共聚物分散體)，來自DOW之UCAR9176(苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物)，來自DOW之RHOPLEX2620(100%腈綸聚合物)或來自BASF之BUTONAL NS175(高固體，冷聚陰離子型苯乙烯-丁二烯分散體)。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括一膜，該膜從含有聚合物乳液和分散劑之配方中製備。多種分散劑可用於穩定該乳液，如聚乙烯醇、纖維素和其衍生物，含乙烯基吡咯烷酮之共聚物，乙氧基化之單-、二-和三-烷基苯酚，硫酸烷基硫酸鹽之乙氧基化脂肪醇和鹼金屬和銨鹽，乙氧基化鏈烷醇和(烷基磺酸和烷基芳基磺酸之)乙氧基化烷基酚之單酯，十二烷基苯磺酸之鹼金屬和/或銨鹽，乙氧基化十二烷醇之硫酸單酯之和鹼金屬和/或銨鹽。分散劑可以約0-10%(重量)(例如，約1-9%(重量)之間，約2-7%(重量)之間，3-6重量%之間)添加到該製劑中。
在一些實施方案中，合適之分散劑包括具有顏料親和基團之高分子量嵌段共聚物、丙烯酸酯共聚物之銨鹽溶液、陰離子聚電解質、具有酸性基團共聚物之三聚磷酸鉀和烷醇銨鹽。這些分散劑可以是從0-10%之量，優選為0.1~5%。在一些實施方案中，分散劑可以從下面之市售分散劑中被選定：來自BYK之DISPERBYK-190(具有顏料親和基團之高分子量嵌段共聚物溶液)，來自BYK之BYK-156(丙烯酸酯共聚物之銨鹽溶液)，來自DOW之TAMOL851(陰離子聚合電解質)，來自INNOPHOS之三聚磷酸鉀(三磷酸，五鉀
鹽)，來自BYK之DISPERBYK-180(具有酸性基團之共聚物之烷醇基銨鹽)。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜以一種或多種添加劑配製，以進一步提高屏障材料性能之膜。合適之添加劑包括，例如，石油瀝青、石灰石、碳酸鈣、矽烷(例如，二胺基矽烷、三甲氧基乙烯基矽烷)、二醇(例如，乙二醇、丙二醇、一縮二丙二醇單丁基醚)、增粘劑(例如，松香或松香衍生物、如木松香、萜烯或改性萜烯、脂族、脂環族或芳族樹脂)、粘合促進劑、固化催化劑、交聯劑、殺白蟻劑、真菌生長抑制劑(例如，2-(4-噻唑基)苯並咪唑、銀沸石、氧化鋅和吡啶硫酮鋅)、填充劑(例如，高嶺土、雲母、重晶石、滑石、砂、石英粉、碳酸鈣、二氧化鈦、二氧化矽、飛灰)、和/或相變材料。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜以上文描述之聚合物粘結劑和碳酸鈣(其可以以20重量%至50重量%之量使用)之膜配製。碳酸鈣合適之商業來源包括但不限於，來自特種礦物(Specialty Minerals)之THIXO-CARB 500TM(沉澱碳酸鈣)，來自特種礦物(Specialty Minerals)之ULTRAFLEX 100TM(沉澱碳酸鈣)，來自Huber Engineered Material之HUBERCARB Q6TM(碳酸鈣)，來自Omya之OMYACARB 100-PTTM(碳酸鈣)，來自Huber Engineered Material之HUBERCARB Q325TM(碳酸鈣)，和來自Takehara Kagaku Kogyo Co之NEOLIGHT SSTM(沉澱塗敷之碳酸鈣)。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜以上文描述之聚合物粘結劑、碳酸鈣、和至少一種添加劑(例如消泡劑、顏料、增稠劑、防腐劑、pH調節劑、乳化穩定劑、濕潤劑和流平劑和交聯劑)配製。
在一些實施方案中合適之消泡劑包括但不限於石蠟基礦物油和疏水性組分之混合物，在增強之礦物油系統中之分子複合物，聚醚改性聚二甲基矽氧烷溶液，在聚乙二醇中之泡沫破碎聚矽氧烷和疏水性固體之混合物。這些消泡劑可使用之量為0.1~5%。合適之消泡劑商業來源包括來自BYK之BYK-033TM(石蠟基礦物油和憎水性組分之混合物)，來自BASF之FOAMSTAR ST2410TM又名FOAMSTAR A10TM(在增強之礦物油系統中之分子複合物)，來自BYK之BYK-019TM(聚醚改性聚二甲基矽氧烷之溶液)，來自BYK之BYK-021TM(在聚乙二醇中之泡沫破碎聚矽氧烷和疏水性固體之混合物)。
在一些實施方案中合適之顏料包括但不限於，二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、炭黑、微粉化沉澱白炭黑、滑石和其組合。這些顏料可以以從0.1重量%至10重量%之量使用。顏料合適之商業來源包括來自Maroon Inc.之HUNTSMAN TR93TM(二氧化鈦)，來自Zochem Icc.之ZOCO 101TM(氧化鋅)，來自Soltex之SOLTEX ACE BLACKTM(炭黑)，來自Huber之ZEOTHIX 265TM(微粉化沉澱白炭黑)，和來自Imerys之SIERRALITE 402STM(滑石)。
在一些實施方案中合適之增稠劑包括但不限於，下述之至少之一：羥乙基纖維素、丙烯酸增稠劑、陰離子型反相乳液增稠劑、HASE、和疏水改性鹼溶脹性丙烯酸乳液。這些增稠劑可使用之量為0.1%至5重量%。增稠劑合適之商業來源包括來自Ashland Inc.之NATROSOL 250 HBRTM(羥乙基纖維素)，來自DOW之ACRYSOL ASE-95NPTM(Alkali Soluble，丙烯酸增稠劑)，來自Scott Bader之TEXIPOL 63-510TM(陰離子型反相乳液增稠劑)，來自Arkema之POLYPHOBE 106HETM(HASE)，和來自Lubrizol之SOLTHIX A100TM(疏水改性鹼溶脹性丙烯酸乳液)。
在一些實施方案中合適之防腐劑包括但不限於，下述之至少之一：2[(羥甲基)胺基]-2-甲基丙醇，3-碘代-2-丙炔基丁基胺基甲酸酯，n-(3,4-二氯苯基)-n,n-二甲脲，1,2苯並異噻唑啉-3-酮和四氯間苯二腈。這些增稠劑可使用之量為0.1%至5重量%。合適之增稠劑商業來源包括來自特洛因公司(Troy Corporation)之TROYSAN 186TM(2[(羥甲基)胺基]-2-甲基丙醇)，來自特洛因公司(Troy Corporation)之POLYPHASE AF1TM(3-碘代-2-丙炔基丁基胺基甲酸酯)，來自特洛因公司之POLYPHASE 663TM(n-(3,4-二氯苯基)-n,n-二甲脲)，來自特洛因公司之MERGAL 758TM(1,2苯並異噻唑啉-3-酮)和來自Ashland Inc之NUOCIIDE 404DTM(四氯間苯二腈)。
在一些實施方案中合適之pH調節劑包括但不限於，下述之至少之一：氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、30%氨水和2-胺基-2-甲基-1-丙醇。這些pH調節劑可以以0.1重
量%至5重量%之量使用。合適之pH調節劑商業來源包括來自Jost Chemical之氫氧化鈣(氫氧化鈣)，來自OXYChem之苛性鈉(氫氧化鈉溶液)，來自Chem One Ltd.之氫氧化鉀(氫氧化鉀)，來自Tanner Industries之氫氧化氨溶液(30%氨水)，和來自Angus之AMP 95(2-胺基-2-甲基-1-丙醇)。
在一些實施方案中合適之乳化穩定劑包括但不限於，下述之至少之一：膨潤土，高分子量交聯之丙烯酸共聚物和C10-C30丙烯酸烷基酯，非離子型辛基酚乙氧基化物表面活性劑，塔羅油樹脂和天然樹脂提取物。這些乳化穩定劑可以以從0.1重量%至5重量%之量使用。乳化穩定劑合適之商業來源包括來自BYK之OPTIGEL LXTM(膨潤土)，來自Lubrizol之PEMUIEN 1622TM(高分子量，丙烯酸和C10-C30丙烯酸烷基酯之交聯聚合物)，來自DOW Chemical Company之TRITON X405TM(非離子型、辛基酚乙氧基化物表面活性劑)，來自Arizona Chemical之SYLVAROSTM NCY(塔羅油樹脂)，和VINSOLTM SOAP(天然樹脂提取物)Pinnova。
在一些實施方案中合適之濕潤劑和流平劑包括但不限於，下述之至少之一：磺基琥珀酸酯、聚醚改性矽氧烷、脲改性之聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯共聚物之改性脲銨鹽。這些濕潤劑和流平劑可以以從0.1重量%至5重量%之量使用。濕潤劑和流平劑合適之商業來源包括來自Cytec之AEROSOLTM LF-4(專有配方磺基琥珀酸酯混合物)，BYK-349(聚醚改性矽氧烷)，BYK-425(脲改性之聚氨酯)，BYK-420(改性脲)，和來自BYK之BYK-154(丙烯酸酯共聚物之銨鹽)。
在一些實施方案中合適之交聯劑包括但不限於，下述之至少之一：氧化鋅、鋅金屬離子、含有陰離子羥基化鋯聚合物之穩定碳酸鋯銨和環氧官能團矽烷。這些交聯劑可以以從0.1重量%至5重量%之量使用。合適之交聯劑商業來源包括來自US Zinc之氧化鋅(氧化鋅)，來自Munzing之ZIMPLEXTM 15(鋅金屬離子)，來自Melchemical Inc.之BACOTETM 20(穩定碳酸鋯銨之清晰鹼性溶液，含有陰離子羥基化鋯聚合物)，來自Buhler Group之OXYLINKTM 3404(包括氧化性之無機顆粒之水性製劑)，和來自Momentive之SILANETM A-187(環氧官能矽烷)。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜配製以合適之上文所述之聚合物和以下添加劑之至少一種：石油瀝青、石灰石、碳酸鈣、高嶺土、雲母、重晶石、滑石、砂、石英粉、白堊、二氧化鈦、二氧化矽、飛灰、石膏、或至少兩種這些添加劑之組合。該添加劑可以以不同之量被使用，包括從20到80(重量)%，從25至75(重量)%，以及從30至60(重量)%。在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括包括膜，該膜用聚丙烯酸酯和下述添加劑中之至少一種配製：石油瀝青、石灰石、碳酸鈣、高嶺土、雲母、重晶石、滑石、砂、石英粉、白堊、二氧化鈦、二氧化矽、飛灰、石膏、或至少兩種這些添加劑之組合。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜配製以抗微生物和抗真菌劑，其
選自2-(4-噻唑基)苯並咪唑、銀沸石、氧化鋅和吡啶硫酮鋅。抗微生物/抗真菌劑可以以各種量使用，包括從約1到約10重量%，或約3至約7重量%。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜包含顏料。可以使用多種顏料，包括提供黑色、棕色、藍色、綠色、紅色、黃色、橙色或白色之化學複合物。
流體-施加之氣體/水屏障市售之例子包括以這些商品名稱出售之：EXOAIRTM(Tremco)、TYVEKTM(DuPont)、R-GUARDTM(Prosoco)、AIR-SHIELDTM(W.R.Meadows)、STOGUARDTM(Sto Corp.)、和AIR BLOCTM(Henry Co.)。
在一些實施方案中，具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一外覆面板包括膜，該膜配製以粘結劑、碳酸鈣和在下表1中提供之其他組分。
在一些實施方案中，具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之
外覆面板通過控制完整之氣體/水阻隔膜厚度之方法製備。可以控制厚度，使得具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板顯著減少經過該面板之氣體滲入/滲出和水滲透。一些實施方案提供具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，其減少經過該面板之氣體滲入/滲出和水滲透至少50%。一些其他實施方案提供具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，其減少經過該面板之氣體滲入/滲出和水滲透至少70-80%。具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，其顯著減少氣體滲入/滲出和水滲透，包括這些面板，其中該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之乾燥厚度為至少10密耳、至少20密耳、至少30密耳、至少40密耳、至少50密耳、至少60密耳、至少70密耳；和小於100密耳、小於90密耳、小於80密耳、小於70密耳、小於60密耳、小於50密耳、小於40密耳。前述之值可以使用上限和下限合併之合適範圍，例如10-90密耳、20-80密耳、40-80密耳、60-80密耳等。
為了獲得具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，該膜製劑可以被施加至該面板，以厚度5-100密耳(例如，至少5密耳、至少10密耳、至少20密耳、至少30密耳、至少40密耳、至少50密耳、至少60密耳、至少70密耳；以及小於100密耳、小於90密耳、小於80密耳、小於70密耳、小於60密耳、小於50密耳、小於40密耳)。前述之值可以使用上限值和下限值合併之合適範圍，例如，10-90密耳，20-80密耳，40-80密耳，60-80密耳等。由於該膜(例如，液體聚合物製劑)通常作為乳液施加，該初始層是“濕之”。隨著該膜乾
燥，該膜層厚度根據該製劑濃度收縮。因此，乾燥後之厚度尺寸會相對於初始濕厚度，以約10%或更多(例如，約20%或更多，約30%或更多，約40%或更多，約50%)之量減小。
在實施方案中，至少一個表面上具有一完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一水泥質外覆面板，如上面所描述之，還包括粘合到完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之一片材膜。在該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜在面板上形成時，具有防氣體-和/或防潮性能之片材膜可以施加到膜上。該片材膜可以使用任何合適之方法(如鋪設、壓延、層壓、壓延、和/或按壓)施加到該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜。通常情況下，該片材膜被切割成與水泥質外覆面板大小相稱。該片材膜通常可在施加至該面板前進行切割，但在一些實施方案中，該片材膜是以卷之形式施加到一是列接合板，然後將其被切割成限定單一之完整面板。
在一些實施方案中，該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜通常具有充分之粘性特徵，無需額外粘性固定該片材膜。
在一些實施方案中，提供具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板之安裝系統。這種系統可以包括一種或多種補加之粘性塗料和/或密封劑，其被施加到外覆面板之該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜。該額外粘性可以被施加在覆蓋面板之整個表面上或者該表面選定之區域(例如周界、中心、平行邊緣等)。額外之粘性可以是任意合適之材料，例如與這些商品名出售之：EXOAIRTM(Tremco),TYVEKTM(DuPont),R-GUARDTM(Prosoco),AIR-SHIELDTM(W.R.Meadows),STOGUARDTM(Sto Corp.)，和AIR BLOCTM(Henry Co.)。在一
些實施方案中，合適之密封劑包括聚氨酯基之密封劑，例如SPECTREM 1TM(Tremco)，和矽樹脂基之密封劑，例如DYMONIC 100TM(Tremco)。至少在一些實施方案中，安裝系統包括具有氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板以及至少一種聚氨酯基之和/或矽樹脂基之密封劑。
同時在一些實施方案中，具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板可以與額外之片材膜一起使用，在其他實施方案中可以使用沒有該片材膜之該外覆面板。具防氣體-和/或防潮性之該片材膜(也稱為外殼或建築物包裝)可以是任何合適之材料，例如那些由瀝青浸漬紙或玻璃纖維制得之，微穿孔之交叉重疊薄膜，層壓到紡粘無紡材料之薄膜，層壓或塗覆到聚丙烯紡織材料之薄膜，濕法超級壓光之聚烯烴膜(例如聚乙烯)纖維無紡材料(例如，TYVEKTM)，以及排空之外殼包裝。在實施方案中，合適之片材膜可以符合或者超過由ASTM E2178(“建築材料透氣性測試之標準試驗方法”)規定之要求。示出之片材建築材料包裝實施例在美國專利號7,148,160和美國專利申請公開號2006/0040091和2006/0051560中描述，例如，其公開文本通過引用之方式併入本文。商業可獲得之片材膜之實施例包括以下述商品名稱出售之：三建建築包裝(Tri-Built Building Wrap，Tri-Built)、TYVEKTM(DuPont)、HARDIEWRAPTM(James Hardie)、HYDROGAPTM(Benjamin Obdyke)、WEATHERMATETM(Dow)、BLUESKINTM(Henry Co.)、FOILSKINTM(Henry Co.)、AIR-SHIELDTM(W.R.Meadows)、和CERTAWRAPTM
(CertainTeed)。
該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，任選地與片材膜結合，使得該面板系統(水泥質面板、完整之氣體/水阻隔膜、和任選之片材膜)以通用之能力來調整和/或改變面板之水蒸氣透過率。調節防氣體和防潮之水泥質外覆面板之水蒸氣透過率之能力，同時保持一致之面板厚度是特別有利之，這取決於外部圍護結構之設計和/或意圖所需之性能。基於在使用之牆壁元件和/或地理和氣候區中關於水分管理之特定建築科學設計原理，具有防氣體和防潮性之水泥質外覆面板，可能需要製作具有不同水蒸氣透過率，以解決特定之建築節能性能要求和/或圍護結構設計之性能要求。例如，美國能源部(U.S.Department of Energy)描述了7(7)個氣候區。該7個區之每個是基於採暖度日(HDD)和冷卻度日(CDD)之程度。這些指標用於對在該國家不同區域建築材料之採暖和冷卻條件之嚴重性進行歸類。例如，氣候區1(南佛羅里達州)具有CDD>9000，並且建築空間條件受冷卻完全主導。相反地，在像位於氣候區6中之上中東區域，建築能源用途受加熱負載支配，具有HDD大於7200並小於9000。在這些設計過程中還必須考慮水分和濕度條件。濕度方面之考慮，對在房屋內優化能源系統產生重大影響，常常根據節能性能和水分控制決定哪些材料或系統工作最好。例如，在熱和幹氣候中，蒸發冷卻系統可以提供家庭之冷卻空間；通常使用少於傳統蒸汽壓縮A/C系統之能源。同時，在像熱/濕東南部區域，特別要注意外牆壁組件之蒸汽透過性，以阻止在該建築週邊中之
嚴重之濕度和黴菌問題。因此，對關於防氣體和防潮之水泥質外覆面板，需要不同之水蒸氣透過率，是重要之。
水蒸氣透過率可以通過調節施加之該完整氣體/水阻隔膜之量，和/或通過調節該構造之任選片材膜(其不改變厚度，同時有意地構造成具有不同之水蒸氣透過率)指定之水蒸氣透過率，進行改變。改變和/或調節該防氣體和防潮之水泥質外覆面板之指定水蒸氣透過率之示例性方法，是提供在厚度上保持尺寸一致之面板。在特定之申請中，其中預期一致之面板厚度，但是也預期不同之水蒸氣透過率時，該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜保持固定，並且該任選之片材膜水蒸氣透過率改變實現了寬範圍之水蒸氣透過率改變之防氣體和防潮之水泥質外覆面板類型。該片材膜也阻止了完整面板彼此粘附(粘連)。
在另一實施方案中，水泥質覆板包括在至少該面板之一個表面上有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜、以及其至少部分嵌入在該膜中之支架材料。該支架材料是任意合適之材料，其可以嵌入在該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜中，以阻止完整之面板彼此粘附(粘連)。賦予該膜之橡膠性能，該表面能保持粘性，即使在乾燥和/或凝固後。結果，物理性防止相鄰之完整面板彼此接觸之支架材料可以用來阻止對該完整面板之粘附和/或損壞。
在實施方案中，該支架材料是一開放之編織網狀物。該網狀物是由任何合適之材料製備。例如，網狀物可以包括天然之或合成之材料(例如，纖維)、如棉花、黃麻、劍
麻、棉、大麻、亞麻、竹、麻、玻璃、金屬、尼龍、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯酸、聚酯、碳纖維、以及它們之組合。如果需要之話，該網孔材料可以具有一定之特性，如耐火性、防黴性、耐水性、和/或耐鹼性，其實材料內在之或化學添加劑和/或處理之結果。
本發明提供抗粘連性，網狀物應該是有大於所需膜之乾燥厚度之厚度。網狀物股線之直徑可以被選擇，使得網狀物之一部分延伸超出所述乾燥膜表面延伸。編織網之大小(氣密性)，沒有特別限定，但為了節省成本，網狀物股線之間之間距範圍可以從約1至1.5英寸(約2.54至3.81釐米)。一更開放之編織網也保證了該網狀物不干擾由膜關於在安裝完整面板之過程中使用之緊固件提供之自襯墊作用。
該網狀物優選作為與該完整面板尺寸相稱之片材施加。該網狀物可以在任何希望之階段施加到膜。例如，只要該膜保持合適量之粘性，允許該網狀物嵌入和保持，該膜可充分濕潤、部分乾燥或完全乾燥。
在另一實施方案中，該支架材料是至少部分地嵌入膜中之顆粒或珠。該顆粒或珠是任何合適之材料，可提供抗粘連效果。唯一真正之限制是，該顆粒或珠粒是由耐用材料製成，並具有尺寸(即，直徑或厚度)大於乾燥膜之厚度，使各顆粒/珠之部分超出乾燥膜之表面延伸。合適之材料包括聚合物(例如，聚乙烯(包括高密度聚乙烯)、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚酯、丙烯酸樹脂、橡膠、以及它們之組合)、木材、金屬、玻璃等。也可以由熱熔有粘性，如那些基
於乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚酯、聚乙烯、和聚丙烯所形成之顆粒/珠。
將顆粒/珠可以以任何合適之方式沉積，允許該顆粒/珠將自己嵌入在膜中。該顆粒/小珠可以在任何希望之階段施加到膜。例如，只要該膜保持合適量之粘性，允許該顆粒/珠嵌入和保持，該膜可充分濕潤、部分乾燥或完全乾燥。在一個優選之實施方案中，該顆粒/珠粒沉積在完整之面板之整個跨度之網格或陣列狀圖案中。該顆粒/珠沉積之頻率沒有特別限制，只要保持該抗粘連性(例如，每1英寸(2.54cm)之間距，每2英寸(5.08cm)，每3英寸(7.62cm)，等等)。在一個優選之實施方案中，放置之顆粒/珠不會干擾由膜提供之自襯墊作用(關於在完整面板安裝期間使用之緊固件)。
進一步之實施例提供具有氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板之製備方法。該方法包括以下步驟：製備水泥質漿液，以及通過將該漿體夾在兩片覆蓋片材之間製造水泥質面板。在水泥質面板凝固後，它塗有氣體/水阻隔膜。在一些實施方案中，水泥質面板通過將水泥質漿體制成夾心構造而成，該水泥質漿體包括在該兩個玻璃纖維氈之間之石膏。在水泥質面板凝固後，它以氣體/水阻隔膜噴塗、輥塗或浸塗，該阻隔膜按照在表1中提供之配製。上述之方法有許多優點。當在控制條件(包括持續監控並保持溫度)下進行，該方法產生之外覆面板，具有氣體/水阻隔膜，其具有一致之厚度、均勻度、以及與該水泥質面板之均勻粘性連接。
意外地發現，具有如上所述之氣體/水阻隔膜之外
覆面板具有優良之膜-面板粘性強度，並在粘性強度測試中表現良好，包括標準化之ASTM C297測試。下表2列出了具有如上所述之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板之ASTM C297粘連測試結果，通過A-D四種不同之噴塗方法(方法A-面板中間以外之噴塗；方法B-標記邊緣以外之噴塗；方法C-橫跨機器截面方向4ft以外之噴塗；以及方法D-掌上型泵之手噴塗)。
意外地發現，具有如上述之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板提供了極好之膜-面板粘性強度，符合在ASTM C29715粘連測試中之15psi之Z軸方向拉伸強度最低值。如在表2中所示，所有面板之平均疲勞點高於20psi。另外，也意外地
發現，在表2中之所有面板之疲勞點在面板本身以內，即在玻璃氈表面層和石膏核芯之間。
意外地發現，具有根據表1配製之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板比以商業市售塗料配製之面板表現更良好之性能，例如EXOAIRTM 230,ICETM塗料，TREMGARDTM HB(所有來自Tremco)，在多種測試中，包括附著力、抗紫外線穩定性、透氣性、易於噴塗粘度、表面粘性和粘連性、以及乾燥缺陷。一些比較資料在表3中示出。
還意外地發現，在烘箱內用氣體/水阻隔膜調理外覆面板阻止了面板粘連之問題。此調理之面板已獲得了抗粘連性並且可成堆庫存，而不需要網狀物或其他支架材料。
進一步意外地發現，當面板在具有兩個不同之溫度區之烘箱內調理時，可實現最好之結果。在一些實施方案中，優選之是，該面板在具有較低溫度之第一溫度區內第一調理，然後移動到第二溫度區，在其中，該第二溫度比該第一溫度區之第一溫度高。在一些實施方案中，所述第一溫度區可設置在100至140℉之間，並且該第二溫度區可設置在160和190℉之間。這種調理方法用於獲得具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，其具有抗粘連特性，可用於具有在本公開中所描述之任何完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之面板。在一些實施方案中，該調理方法用於具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，以如表1中提供之聚合物粘結劑和碳酸鈣配製。如第2A圖所示，完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，以如表1中提供之聚合物粘結劑和碳酸鈣配製(僅在較高溫度區內進行調理)。該面板發生起泡。不同於第2a圖中之面板，第二完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，以如表1中提供之聚合物粘結劑和碳酸鈣配方配製，(由兩-區之方法進行調理)。如第2B圖所示，該第二面板沒有發生起泡，並且具有優異之抗粘連特性，而不需要網狀物或任何其他附加之處理。
本文所述之任何完整之面板可以是系統之一部分，它包括完整之面板(其通過緊固件(例如，螺釘，釘子)粘附到一個或多個壁釘或天花板擱柵)，以及作為面朝外材料
之完整之氣體/水阻隔膜。兩個相鄰之面板在接縫處被採用合適之接縫帶和結合複合物接合。如果需要之話，可以添加額外之閃爍層，作為進一步之空氣和水阻擋層。包層材料(例如，牆板、屋頂板、石材)進一步結合到完整面板面向外部之表面。整個系統被設計為防止空氣和水穿透經過該面板至該結構內部。
本文引用之所有參考文獻通過引用到相同範圍納入本文，如同每個參考文獻單獨而具體指明，通過引用納入並在本文中闡述其全部。
在上下文中使用之術語“a”和“an”和“the”和類似之所指物件描述本發明(特別是在以下申請專利範圍之上下文中)，應被解釋為包括單數和複數，除非在本文中注明或在上下文明顯地矛盾。術語“含有”，“具有”，“包括”，“包含”應被解釋為開放式術語(即，意指“包括，但不限於”)，除非另有說明。列舉本文數值範圍僅旨在用作為提及之速記方法，每一個單獨之值落在該範圍內，除非在此另有說明，並且每個單獨之值被納入到到說明書中，如同其在本文中單獨列舉之。本文所述之所有方法可以以任何合適之順序進行，除非本文另有說明或以其他方式與上下文明顯矛盾。本文提供使用之任何和所有實施例，或示例性語言(例如，“諸如”)，僅旨在更好地闡明本發明，並不會限制本發明之範圍，除非另有要求。在說明書中沒有語言應該被解釋為指示任何未要求保護之，作為實施本發明必不可少之元素。
一水泥質面板以水泥質核芯製備，該核芯包括石膏，其夾在兩個玻璃纖維氈之間。該水泥質面板被允許凝固。
用在表1中示出之聚合物粘結劑、碳酸鈣和抗真菌劑配製以氣體/水阻隔膜。該水泥質面板以氣體/水阻隔膜進行噴塗。第二對照塗覆之塗料平行地製備。
第一塗敷面板在烘箱中之第一溫度區在100-140℉之溫度範圍內調理，然後移動到第二溫度區，並進一步在160-190℉溫度範圍調理。
第二對照塗覆之面板在同一烘箱中調理，但僅在所述第二溫度區在160-190℉溫度範圍內。
當該第一塗覆面板被充分調理時，無氣泡並且已經獲得抗粘連性，如第2B圖所示，第二對照面板覆蓋著抗起球之氣泡塗層，並且如在第2A圖所示，該對照面板沒有合適地得到調理。
Claims (10)
- 一種具有完整之氣體/水阻隔膜之外覆面板，包含：- 一水泥質面板，其具有至少一面向外部之表面，且包括一水泥質核芯及至少一片覆蓋片材；以及- 一完整氣體/水阻隔膜，其中該覆蓋片材夾在該水泥質核芯和該完整氣體/水阻隔膜之間，其中該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜僅施加至該水泥質面板之該面向外部之表面；以及其中該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜包括30重量%至70重量%之聚合物粘結劑，該聚合物粘結劑選自聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、有機矽乳液、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、及其任意組合；以及20重量%至50重量%之碳酸鈣。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之外覆面板，其中該水泥質核芯包括水泥質材料，該水泥質材料選自硫酸鈣材料、波特蘭水泥和其混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之外覆面板，其中該覆蓋片材選自一紙覆蓋片材和一纖維氈。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之外覆面板，其中該纖維氈包括聚合物纖維、礦物纖維或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之外覆面板，其中該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜具有範圍從10至90密耳之乾厚度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之外覆面板，其中下述之至少一種：該水泥質核芯、該覆蓋片材和該完整之氣體/水膜，係包含選自以下群組之抗菌劑：2-(4-噻唑基)苯並咪唑、銀沸石、氧化鋅和吡啶硫酮鋅。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之外覆面板，更包含一支架材料，該支架材料至少部分地嵌入該完整氣體/水阻隔膜中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之外覆面板，其中該支架材料是顆粒、珠或開放之編織網狀物。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項所述之外覆面板之方法，包括如下步驟：- 製備包含水泥質材料之漿體；- 將該漿體夾在兩片覆蓋片材之間；-允許該漿體凝固，從而形成一具有至少一個面向外部之表面之水泥質面板；- 以聚合物粘結劑和碳酸鈣配製完整之氣體/水阻隔膜，以該完整之氣體/水阻隔膜塗敷該水泥質面板，在該面向外部之表面上，通過噴塗、輥塗或者浸塗之塗敷方式；以及-在一烘箱中調理該被塗敷之水泥質面板，其中該面板暴露於至少兩個不同之溫度區。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法，其中在該第一溫度區中之溫度為範圍從100至140℉，並且其中在該第二溫度區中之溫度為範圍從約160至190℉。
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- 2014-03-14 UA UAA201509393A patent/UA117363C2/uk unknown
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- 2014-03-14 BR BR112015020401-5A patent/BR112015020401B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-03-14 RU RU2015141373A patent/RU2663040C2/ru active
- 2014-03-14 WO PCT/US2014/027887 patent/WO2014143780A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-14 KR KR1020157026399A patent/KR20160011616A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-03-14 NZ NZ712569A patent/NZ712569A/en unknown
- 2014-03-14 PL PL14716726.6T patent/PL2969543T3/pl unknown
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2015
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- 2020-01-10 US US16/739,906 patent/US11267227B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200736475A (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-10-01 | zong-yan Wu | Composite-layer-type cement plate |
| US20070269660A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-22 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating System for Cement Composite Articles |
| US20080190062A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2008-08-14 | United States Gypsum Company | Water Resistant Cementitious Article and Method for Preparing Same |
| US20100143682A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-06-10 | United States Gypsum Company | Mat-Faced Cementitious Article and Method for Preparing Same |
| TW201018768A (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2010-05-16 | Jen-Rong Hwang | A hot-proof device for veranda use |
| US20120088114A1 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Evan Vincent Rohlf | Mold-resistant gypsum panel paper |
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