CN107548424B - 石膏镶板,体系和方法 - Google Patents
石膏镶板,体系和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107548424B CN107548424B CN201680015657.2A CN201680015657A CN107548424B CN 107548424 B CN107548424 B CN 107548424B CN 201680015657 A CN201680015657 A CN 201680015657A CN 107548424 B CN107548424 B CN 107548424B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gypsum
- water
- astm
- mat
- measured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 283
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 283
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010227 cup method (microbiological evaluation) Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003707 silyl modified polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 66
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 26
- -1 bitumens Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 6
- NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#C NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011493 spray foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical group CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011387 rubberized asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC TZCPCKNHXULUIY-RGULYWFUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Chemical class CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UZUFPBIDKMEQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononanoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UZUFPBIDKMEQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFOCAQPWSXBFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzaldehyde Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=O HFOCAQPWSXBFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUYADIDKTLPDGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethyloct-4-yne-3,6-diol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)C#CC(C)(O)CC NUYADIDKTLPDGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMRIVYANZGSGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2h-triazin-5-one Chemical compound OC1=CN=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VMRIVYANZGSGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005940 Centaurea cyanus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004385 Centaurea cyanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylethanolamin Natural products NCCOP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO JZNWSCPGTDBMEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerophosphorylserin Natural products OC(=O)C(N)COP(O)(=O)OCC(O)CO ZWZWYGMENQVNFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005211 alkyl trimethyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N almasilate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001950 benzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082500 cetostearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IQYKECCCHDLEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].ClOCl IQYKECCCHDLEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PSLWZOIUBRXAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PSLWZOIUBRXAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2,2-dioctyl-3-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)(C(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O)CCCCCCCC YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007706 flame test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- LAPRIVJANDLWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N laureth-5 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO LAPRIVJANDLWOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124561 microbicide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YYELLDKEOUKVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO YYELLDKEOUKVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMGTYJPMKXNQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octenidine dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=CC(=NCCCCCCCC)C=CN1CCCCCCCCCCN1C=CC(=NCCCCCCCC)C=C1 SMGTYJPMKXNQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008104 phosphatidylethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011297 pine tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068124 pine tar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004331 potassium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108700004121 sarkosyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057950 sodium laureth sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045885 sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012029 structural testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxathietane 4,4-dioxide Chemical class O=S1(=O)OOO1 CENHPXAQKISCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
- E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/1025—Coating to obtain fibres used for reinforcing cement-based products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/1095—Coating to obtain coated fabrics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/42—Coatings containing inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
- C03C25/47—Coatings containing composite materials containing particles, fibres or flakes, e.g. in a continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/42—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/665—Sheets or foils impervious to water and water vapor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
- E04B1/6803—Joint covers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/28—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups combinations of materials fully covered by groups E04C2/04 and E04C2/08
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/044—Water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N2015/086—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials of films, membranes or pellicules
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
Abstract
提供石膏镶板,包覆体系,以及制造和使用它们的方法。石膏镶板包括与具有连续阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的一部分,其中石膏渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除。一种建筑物包覆体系包含至少两块石膏镶板和接缝组件,以在石膏镶板之间的界面处提供接缝。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2015年2月3日提交的美国临时申请No.62/111,357的优先权权益,在本文中通过参考将其引入。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及在建筑物构造中使用的镶板(panel)和体系领域,和更特别地涉及具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的石膏镶板和石膏镶板的体系。
背景技术
许多现代建筑法规要求在建筑物中使用阻挡层(barrier),以保护建筑避免空气和水渗透。例如,在东部加拿大和北部美国的建筑法规现要求在所有建筑物中使用空气阻挡层。而且,已有的国际建筑法规/国际住宅法规(IBC/IRC)要求对所有新的建筑物使用耐水的空气阻挡层。耐水的空气阻挡层可由各种材料和结构形成且施加到建筑物包覆(sheathing)材料(例如,石膏镶板,定向刨花板(OSB)镶板)的表面上。
常规地可使用三类耐水空气阻挡层,以满足建筑法规。第一,可使用织物-型膜,或“包层(wrap)”,覆盖建筑包覆镶板的表面。然而,这些织物包层典型地无法耐受风条件,遭受下垂的问题,且难以在高处安装。而且,将这种织物膜附着到包覆镶板上的标准方法是钉装(stapling),钉装会牺牲膜作为空气或水阻挡层的有效性。
第二,液体涂层的耐水空气阻挡膜可施加到包覆镶板上。然而,这些液体涂层必须通过合格的承包人在区域(field)内施加,这是耗时的且成本昂贵。而且,尽管液体涂层充当有效的水阻挡层,但它们提供低的水蒸气渗透性,这会影响墙壁干燥的能力,若在使用过程中它变湿的话(例如,在窗户周围渗透,防水板)。
第三,自粘合的或“剥离和粘附”的耐水空气阻挡膜可施加到包覆镶板上。然而,这些自粘合的膜通常不可渗透和因此在许多工程中不是一个选项,因为建筑师或工程师必须在设计建筑中对这一不渗透性有所考量,以防止在墙壁空腔内捕获湿气的潜力。此外,自粘合的膜要求包覆镶板干燥,且在施加之前,常常打底,这将显著减慢建造过程。
因此,期望提供具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的改进的外部包覆镶板和建筑包覆体系,以及制造这种镶板的方法。
发明内容
在一个方面中,提供一种石膏镶板,它包括与具有连续阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的一部分第一玻璃纤维垫,其中石膏芯中的石膏晶体渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫中的孔隙基本上被消除。
在另一方面中,提供建筑包覆体系,它包括至少两块石膏镶板和在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处为提供接缝而构造的接缝组件。每一石膏镶板包括与具有连续阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的一部分第一玻璃纤维垫,其中石膏芯中的石膏晶体渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫中的孔隙基本上被消除。
在再一方面中,提供制造石膏镶板的方法,该方法包括在与连续阻挡涂层相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的表面上沉积石膏浆液,该涂层渗透一部分的第一玻璃纤维垫,和允许石膏浆液凝固,形成石膏芯。石膏浆液渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫中的孔隙基本上被消除。
在再一方面中,提供建造建筑物包覆体系的方法,该方法包括安装在其间具有界面的至少两个石膏镶板,其中每一镶板的石膏芯中的石膏晶体渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫中的孔隙基本上被消除,和在至少两个石膏镶板之间的界面处施加接缝组件。
附图说明
现参考附图,所述附图意味着例举而不是限制,和其中相同的元素用相同的数字标记。
图1是具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的玻璃纤维饰面的石膏镶板的截面视图。
图2是具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的玻璃纤维饰面的石膏镶板的截面视图。
图3是具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的建筑包覆体系的剖视图。
图4A是实施例1的静压头试验所使用的实验装置的侧视图。
图4B是实施例1的静压头试验所使用的实验装置的俯视图。
图5是显示实施例1的静压头试验的结果的图表。
图6A是实施例1的石膏镶板的中心区域截面的显微图。
图6B是实施例1的石膏镶板的边缘区域截面的显微图。
图7是显示实施例2的静压头试验的结果的图表。
图8是显示实施例3的静压头试验的结果的图表。
图9是显示实施例4的水蒸气透过试验结果的图表。
具体实施方式
本文公开了具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的石膏镶板和建筑包覆体系,以及制造和使用这种镶板与体系的方法。与附着在常规石膏包覆层(例如机械附着的挠性片材,自粘合的片材,流体施加的膜,喷雾泡沫体)上的可商购的耐水空气阻挡层相比,以及与没有显示出石膏镶板耐火性能的木材-基(例如,定向刨花板)镶板相比,这些镶板和体系提供优点。
本文中所使用的术语“耐水阻挡层”是指镶板或体系能抗液体本体水渗透,泄漏或渗漏通过包覆层并进入到周围墙壁组件内同时还提供足够高到允许在墙壁内形成的任何湿气干燥的水蒸气透过速率,或透过系数。与在开口周围的防水板相结合,这种耐水阻挡层可产生贴墙面板效应,将水导引离开包覆层并包围墙壁组件。本文中所使用的术语“空气阻挡层”是指镶板或体系能抗空气移动出(漏出)入(渗滤)经调节的空间,产生更加能量有效的结构。本文中所使用的术语“耐水的空气阻挡层”是指镶板或体系能显示出耐水阻挡和空气阻挡这两种性能的能力。
石膏包覆镶板或板可含有夹在两个玻璃纤维垫之间的一组石膏芯,两个玻璃纤维垫之一或二者可以被涂布。涂层可以是连续的阻挡涂层。本文中所使用的术语“连续阻挡涂层”是指在纤维垫表面上基本未受干扰的涂层材料。连续阻挡涂层可以是本领域普通技术人员已知的任何合适的涂层材料。例如,该涂层可包含聚合物或树脂基粘合剂材料以及一种或多种无机填料。连续阻挡涂层可以施加到玻璃纤维垫的表面上并渗透其厚度的一部分。例如,涂层可渗透典型的玻璃纤维垫厚度的约5%至约60%(例如,厚度为约0.4mm至约1.0mm的垫子的约0.04mm至约0.4mm)。例如,涂层可渗透典型的玻璃纤维垫厚度的约20%至约50%(例如,厚度为约0.5mm至约0.8mm的垫子的约0.1mm至约0.3mm)。
在制造过程中,石膏浆液可沉积在玻璃纤维垫的未涂布的表面上并凝固,形成镶板中的石膏芯。石膏浆液可渗透玻璃纤维垫厚度的一些其余纤维部分(即,尚未被涂层渗透的玻璃纤维垫的一部分)并提供镶板机械粘结。可在具有相同或不同组成的一层或多层,其中包括一层或多层石板瓦(slate)涂层内提供石膏浆液。本文中所使用的术语“石板瓦涂层”是指下述石膏浆液,其湿密度高于形成石膏芯的石膏浆液的其余部分。
常规的石膏包覆镶板并不总是通过工业标准的本体水(bulk water)保持试验和因此典型地覆盖有可商购的耐水空气阻挡层(例如,机械附着的挠性片材,自粘合的片材,流体施加膜或涂层,喷雾泡沫体)。已经确定在这些常规的包覆镶板内形成漏水,这不仅是因为接缝和开口未处理,而且是因为压力下的水能渗透通过玻璃纤维垫表面上的涂层内的针孔并沿着在涂层下方的小气穴或通道和沿着凝固的石膏芯的顶部行进通过玻璃垫而形成。在石膏镶板的边缘处或附近,这一现象特别值得注意,其中在石膏芯-玻璃垫界面处的开放气穴更多且容量更大。这些气穴,如果互连的话,允许水在玻璃垫涂层之下行进,从而导致在处理过的接缝,开口和紧固件下方泄漏。
已发现,为提供所需的耐水空气阻挡层,增加在玻璃纤维垫上涂层材料的厚度是无效的,因为额外的涂层重量会导致大大地下降的水蒸气透过速率和使使用中的湿墙壁干燥的潜力较小。较高的涂层重量还增加制造成本并降低涂布的玻璃纤维垫的挠性,从而使得它易于在边缘处龟裂。
正因为如此,本发明的公开内容涉及提供石膏镶板和包覆体系,其中这种气穴或孔隙被基本上消除,以便镶板显示出所需的耐水和空气阻挡性能,而与外部施加的阻挡产品无关。这种改进的包覆镶板可与接缝组件(即处理镶板之间的连接点或接缝的组件)结合,大大地降低安装耐水空气阻挡层的成本,时间和复杂性,所述耐水空气阻挡层提供所需的抗本体水性,且没有影响镶板的水蒸气透过速率。
尽管本发明的公开内容一般地涉及石膏镶板,但应当理解其他水泥镶板芯材料也意欲落在本发明公开内容的范围内。例如,水泥镶板芯材料,例如含氧化镁或硅铝酸盐的那些可以被本文公开的实施方案的石膏替代,以实现类似的结果。
本文因此描述了改进的石膏镶板,建筑包覆体系,和制造与使用它们的方法。
镶板与体系
提供具有耐水和空气阻挡性能的石膏包覆镶板和包覆体系。如图1中所示,在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板100包括与第一玻璃纤维垫104有关的石膏芯101。玻璃纤维垫104在其上具有阻挡涂层106,所述阻挡涂层106渗透与石膏芯101相对的一部分第一玻璃纤维垫104。石膏芯101中的石膏渗透第一玻璃纤维垫104中的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫104内的孔隙被基本上消除。
本文中所使用的措辞“使得在玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除”和类似措辞是指石膏浆液(例如,石板瓦涂层)填充未被涂层材料填充的玻璃纤维垫的所有或几乎所有间隙体积。在某些实施方案中,石膏芯中的石膏填充至少95%涂布的玻璃纤维垫中可获得的间隙体积。在一些实施方案中,石膏芯填充至少98%涂布的玻璃纤维垫中可获得的间隙体积。在进一步的实施方案中,石膏芯填充至少99%涂布的玻璃纤维垫中可获得的间隙体积。
石膏在其内渗透垫子,使得在垫子内的孔隙被基本上消除的这种镶板可借助各种方法制造,正如本文中更加详细地讨论的。例如,接触玻璃纤维垫中未涂布表面的石膏可以是疏水的或者在其他情况下被化学改性以供改进的垫子渗透,和/或可使用机械装置,提高石膏浆液在垫子内的渗透。
在某些实施方案中,如图1所示,石膏芯101包括两层或更多层的石膏层102,108。例如,石膏芯可包括具有不同组成的各种石膏层。在一些实施方案中,与玻璃纤维垫104接触的第一石膏层102(即与涂层材料形成界面且至少部分渗透第一玻璃纤维垫中其余纤维部分的层)是疏水的。在一些实施方案中,第一石膏层的湿密度为约88pcf至约98pcf。在一些实施方案中,第一石膏层的湿密度为约93pcf至约96pcf。第一石膏层可以是石板瓦涂层。在一些实施方案中,第一石膏层102的存在量为石膏芯101重量的约5%至约20%。为了方便阐述,在附图中作为单独的层示出了各种石膏层;然而,应当理解,可在其界面处发生这些材料的搭接。
在一些实施方案中,浆液包括润湿剂,以促进浆液渗透到纤维垫内,所述浆液形成与阻挡涂层具有界面的石膏层。正如以下更加详细地讨论的,润湿剂可以是降低浆液表面张力的任何试剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏层包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层的浆液表面张力达到小于或等于65dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏层包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层的浆液表面张力达到小于或等于60dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏层包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层的浆液表面张力达到小于或等于55dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏层包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层的表面张力达到约30dyne/cm至约55dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏层包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层的浆液表面张力达到约40dyne/cm至约55dyne/cm的润湿剂。
在某些实施方案中,如图2所示,石膏镶板200包含与石膏芯201联接的两块玻璃纤维垫204,212。第二玻璃纤维垫212存在于与第一玻璃纤维垫204相对的石膏芯201的一面上。在一些实施方案中,仅仅第一玻璃纤维垫还在其表面上具有连续的阻挡涂层。在其他实施方案中,玻璃纤维垫204,212二者在与石膏芯201相对的其表面上具有涂层206,214。在一些实施方案中,石膏芯201包括三层石膏层202,208,210。与玻璃纤维垫204,212接触的石膏层202,210之一或二者可以是具有疏水特征和/或湿密度为约88pcf至约98pcf或约93pcf至约96pcf的石板瓦涂层。
石膏芯中的层可以类似于在其他石膏产品,如石膏墙板,干墙,石膏板,石膏条板和石膏包覆层中所使用的石膏芯。例如,可通过混合水和粉化的无水硫酸钙或半水合硫酸钙(也称为煅烧石膏),形成水性石膏浆液,之后允许浆液混合物水合或凝固成二水合硫酸钙,一种相对硬的材料,从而形成石膏芯。在某些实施方案中,石膏芯包含约80wt%或更多的凝固石膏(即完全水合的硫酸钙)。例如,石膏芯可包含约85wt%凝固石膏。在一些实施方案中,石膏芯包含约95wt%凝固石膏。石膏芯也可包含各种添加剂,例如促进剂,凝固延迟剂,发泡剂,和分散剂。
在某些实施方案中,一层或多层石膏芯还包含增强纤维,例如短切玻璃纤维。例如,石膏芯,或其任何层可包含最多约0.6磅增强纤维/100英尺2镶板。例如,石膏芯或其层可包含约0.3磅增强纤维/100英尺2镶板。增强纤维的直径可以是约10至约17微米和长度为约6.35至约12.7毫米。
石膏芯,或它的一层或多层,例如一层或多层的石板瓦涂层也可包含改进芯的耐水性能的添加剂。这种添加剂可包括例如聚(乙烯醇),任选地包括微量聚(乙酸乙烯酯);金属树脂酸盐;蜡,沥青,或其混合物,例如乳液;蜡和/或沥青和矢车菊和高锰酸钾的混合物;水不溶性热塑性有机材料,例如石油和天然沥青,煤焦油,和热塑性合成树脂,例如聚(乙酸乙烯酯),聚(氯乙烯)和乙酸乙烯酯与氯乙烯的共聚物,和丙烯酸类树脂;金属松香皂,水溶性碱土金属盐,和残余燃料油的混合物;乳液形式的石油蜡和下述中任意一种的混合物:残余燃料油,松焦油,或煤焦油;残余燃料油和松香的混合物,芳族异氰酸酯和二异氰酸酯;有机基聚硅氧烷;硅酸盐(siliconate);蜡乳液,其中包括石蜡,微晶蜡,聚乙烯蜡和各种共乳化的蜡乳液;各自任选地具有硫酸钾,碱金属或碱土金属铝酸盐,和波特兰水泥的蜡沥青乳液;通过添加油溶性水分散的乳化剂到熔融蜡和沥青的共混物中,并混合前述与在溶液情况下包含聚芳基亚甲基缩合产物的碱金属磺酸盐作为分散剂而制备的蜡-沥青乳液。也可使用这些耐水添加剂的混合物。例如,可使用下述中的两种或更多种的混合物:聚(乙烯醇),硅酸盐,蜡乳液和前述类型的蜡-沥青乳液,以改进石膏芯,或其石膏石板瓦涂层的耐水性。
石膏芯或它的一层或多层也可包含提高石膏芯的固有防火性的一种或多种添加剂。这种添加剂可尤其包括短切玻璃纤维,其他无机纤维,蛭石,粘土,波特兰水泥,和其他硅酸盐。
在某些实施方案中,玻璃纤维垫是通过在纤维垫和一部分石膏芯的间隙之间机械类互锁,能与石膏芯中的凝固石膏形成强烈粘结的玻璃纤维的非织造垫。可使用短切玻璃丝束和连续丝束二者。例如,玻璃纤维的平均直径可以是约10至约17微米和平均长度为约1/4英寸至约1英寸。例如,玻璃纤维的平均直径可以是13微米(即,K纤维)和平均长度为3/4英寸。在某些实施方案中,非织造玻璃纤维垫的基重为约1.5磅至约3.5磅/100英尺2垫子。垫子各自的厚度可以是约20mil至约35mil。
可通过合适的粘合剂,一起粘结玻璃纤维的丝束,形成整体垫子结构。例如,粘合剂可以是任选地用热塑性扩链剂或交联剂,例如丙烯酸类交联剂,或丙烯酸酯粘合剂树脂改性的脲-甲醛树脂粘合剂。
如上所述,在玻璃纤维垫上的连续阻挡涂层可以是本领域已知的任何合适的涂层。例如,该涂层可包括粘合剂材料,和任选地填料。在某些实施方案中,涂层含有用量为约75至约97wt%的填料。例如,涂层可含有用量为约80至约95wt%的填料。在一个实施方案中,垫子涂层的基重为约3磅至约9磅固体/100英尺2玻璃纤维垫.在某些实施方案中,粘合剂是聚合物材料。在某些实施方案中,在第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫上的涂层是含有至少一种无机填料的胶乳丙烯酸类聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,垫子涂层中的粘合剂是聚合物胶乳粘合剂。例如,粘合剂可以是苯乙烯-丁二烯-橡胶(SBR),苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS),乙烯-氯乙烯(EVC1),聚偏氯乙烯(PVdCl)和聚(偏乙烯)共聚物,改性聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚乙烯醇(PVOH),乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA),聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA),以及含有丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,它们的酯及其衍生物的单元的聚合物和共聚物(丙烯酸类聚合物),例如苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
在一个实施方案中,粘合剂是疏水的抗UV聚合物胶乳粘合剂。例如,疏水的抗UV聚合物胶乳粘合剂可以基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物胶乳,其中(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物是低级烷基酯,例如丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的甲酯,乙酯或丁酯,和这种酯与微量其他烯键式不饱和可共聚单体(例如苯乙烯)的共聚物,本领域已知它们适合于制备抗UV的(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物胶乳。
在某些实施方案中,涂层还包含水和/或其他任选的成分,例如着色剂(例如染料或颜料),转移剂,增稠剂或流变学控制剂,表面活性剂,氨组合物,消泡剂,分散剂,杀生物剂,UV吸收剂和防腐剂。增稠剂可包括羟乙基纤维素;疏水改性的环氧乙烷聚氨酯,加工过的绿坡缕石,水合铝硅酸镁;和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他增稠剂。例如,增稠剂可包括商购于Dow Chemical Company(Philade lphia,PA)的CELLOSIZE QP-09-L和ACRYSOLRM-2020NPR;和商购于BASF Corporation(Florham Park,NJ)的ATTAGEL 50。表面活性剂可包括聚丙烯酸钠分散剂,乙氧化非离子化合物,和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他表面活性剂。例如,表面活性剂可包括商购于BASF Corporation的HYDROPALAT 44;和商购于AirProducts(Allentown,PA)的DYNOL 607。消泡剂可包括多-疏水共混物消泡剂和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他消泡剂。例如,消泡剂可包括商购于BASF Corporation的FOAMASTERSA-3。氨组合物可包括氢氧化铵,例如商购于Tanner Industries,Inc.(Southampton,PA)的AQUA AMMONIA 26 BE。杀生物剂可包括抑制细菌和真菌生长的广谱杀微生物剂,抗微生物剂,例如基于活性二碘代甲基-对甲苯砜的那些,和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他化合物。例如,杀生物剂可包括商购于Dow Chemical Company的KATHON LX 1.5%,商购于TroyCorporation(Newark,NJ)的POLYPHASE 663,和商购于Dow Chemical Company的AMICALFlowable。杀生物剂也可充当防腐剂。UV吸收剂可包括包封的羟苯基三嗪组合物和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他化合物,例如商购于BASF Corporation的TINUVIN 477DW。转移剂,例如聚乙烯醇(PVA)和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他化合物也可包括在涂料组合物内。
在某些实施方案中,疏水胶乳或树脂材料可包括在涂层内,以进一步改进拒水性并降低水的渗滤和提高玻璃垫与石膏之间的粘结。
在涂层中所使用的填料可包括无机矿物填料,例如粉碎的石灰石(碳酸钙),粘土,云母,石膏(二水合硫酸钙),三水合铝(aluminum trihydrate)(ATH),氧化锑,氧化铝硅酸钠-钾,页硅酸盐,微晶氧化硅,滑石(硅酸镁),和本领域普通技术人员已知的其他填料。在某些实施方案中,填料可固有地含有天然存在的无机粘合剂。例如,填料可以是含生石灰(CaO)的石灰石,含硅酸钙的粘土,含硅酸钙的砂子,含氢氧化铝的三水合铝,水泥飞灰,或含或者硫酸镁或者氯化镁或者这二者的氧化镁。在某些实施方案中,填料可包含无机粘合剂作为一种成分,通过水合固化,和充当火焰抑制剂。例如,填料可以是三水合铝(ATH),硫酸钙(石膏),和氯氧化镁和含氧硫酸镁盐。例如,填料可包括商购于Cary Company(Addison,IL)的ΜIΝΕX 7;商购于the Cary Company的IMSIL A-10;商购于SpecialtyMinerals Inc.(Dillon,MT)的TALCRON MP 44-26。填料可以是粒状形式。例如,填料的粒度可使得至少95%的颗粒通过100目的金属丝筛网。
在某些实施方案中,阻挡涂层以约1磅至约9磅/100ft2的用量存在于第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫上。例如,涂层可以以约2磅至约8磅/100ft2的用量存在于第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫上。
在某些实施方案中,镶板的厚度为约1/4英寸至约1英寸。例如,镶板的厚度可为约1/2英寸至约5/8英寸。
通过最大化疏水石膏浆液渗透到接收石膏的玻璃纤维垫一侧内,当暴露于本体水头压力下时,在完工的镶板的玻璃垫内在垫子涂层下方水的移动可显著和充分地下降,且没有显著改变该完工镶板的水蒸气透过速率(即,干燥能力)。因此,本文公开的石膏镶板可具有改进的耐水阻挡和/或空气阻挡性能中的一种或多种。
在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板通过了针对水泄漏的静压头试验,这通过AATCC127-2008测量。除了静压头压力试验以外,可使用其他类似的试验,评估本体水抗性在0.32英寸水(1.67psf)至44英寸水头压力(228psf)的范围内。这可包括,但不限于,其他水头试验(例如,ASTM E2140),水积聚试验,cobb试验(例如,ASTM C473,ASTM D 3285,ASTM D5795,ASTM D7433,ASTM D7281),或通过真空或负压差异(differentials)辅助的隔室试验。因此,本文描述的石膏镶板可通过前述试验的任何组合。
在某些实施方案中,在镶板区域(field)内(即,不在镶板的边缘处),石膏镶板的水蒸气透过系数为至少10(英寸-磅单位,根据ASTM E96湿杯法)。在一些实施方案中,在镶板区域内,石膏镶板的水蒸气透过系数为至少30(英寸-磅单位,根据ASTM E96湿杯法)。在一些实施方案中,在镶板区域内,石膏镶板的水蒸气透过系数为至少32(英寸-磅单位,根据ASTM E96湿杯法)。在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板显示出通过干燥剂方法或者通过其他方法,其中包括高和低的相对湿度或动态压力水平测定的水蒸气透过性能。
在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板显示出在75Pa下小于或等于0.02 L/sm2的抗空气渗透性,当根据ASTM E2178测量时。在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板显示出在300Pa下小于或等于0.02L/sm2的抗空气渗透性,当根据ASTM E2178测量时。
在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板防火。在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板被分类为不可燃,当根据ASTM E 136或CAN/ULC S114测试时,且符合针对为用作外部包覆层以供气候阻挡而设计的玻璃垫石膏基底的ASTM C1177要求。特别地,与其他包覆基底,例如纤维素基包覆层相比,5/8-英寸镶板可增加防火性。在一些实施方案中,石膏镶板具有“X型”设计,当根据ASTM El19测量时。石膏镶板可满足“X型”设计,当根据针对通用(在GA-600防火设计手册内的通用体系)和专用建筑物组装墙体设计二者的ASTM El19火焰试验测试时。设计ASTMEl19,测试建筑物组装件可含有燃烧物(fire)并在具有标准时间/温度曲线的控制的火焰下保持结构完整度的持续时间。在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板具有0级火焰扩散指数和烟雾产生指数,当根据ASTM E84测量时。例如,当暴露于表面着火特征下时,根据ASTM E84或CAN/ULC-S102,石膏镶板的火焰扩散指数和烟雾产生指数可以是0。
本文还提供建筑物包覆体系,且包括至少两块本文描述的改进的耐水空气阻挡层石膏镶板,其中包括本文描述的镶板的任何特征,或者特征的组合。例如,石膏镶板各自可包括与具有阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的一部分,其中石膏芯中的石膏渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除。
在某些实施方案中,如图3所示,建筑物包覆体系包括至少两块石膏镶板300和在至少两块石膏镶板300之间的界面处提供接缝而构造的接缝组件320。
在某些实施方案中,接缝组件包括胶带或粘结材料。例如,接缝组件可以是含溶剂丙烯酸类粘合剂的胶带,具有含丁基橡胶粘合剂的聚乙烯顶层的胶带,具有含丁基橡胶粘合剂的铝箔顶层的胶带,具有含丁基橡胶粘合剂的EPDM顶层的胶带,具有含橡胶化沥青粘合剂的聚乙烯顶层的胶带,或具有含橡胶化沥青粘合剂的铝箔顶层的胶带。例如,接缝组件可以是粘结材料,例如合成灰泥石膏,水泥石膏,合成丙烯酸类树脂,砂子填充的丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丁基橡胶(solvent-based butyls),多硫化物,聚氨酯,有机硅类,甲硅烷基-改性的聚合物,水性胶乳,EVA胶乳,或丙烯酸类胶乳。
因此,以上描述的强化镶板可以用或者胶带,液体聚合物或者其他合适的材料安装,以便有效地处理潜在的水和空气侵入的区域,例如接缝,门/窗开口,渗透(penetration),屋顶/墙壁界面,和墙壁/地基界面。正因为如此,建筑物包覆镶板,当与合适的接缝组件结合使用时,产生有效的耐水和/或空气阻挡包封(envelope)。
这种建筑物包覆体系可有利地通过耐水和空气阻挡体系性能所要求的任何或所有ICC-ES试验。例如,该包覆体系可通过日期为2015年2月针对在外部包覆层上用作耐水阻挡层的耐水涂层的ICC-ES接受标准的第4.1,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.7,和/或4.8部分(ICCEvaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212)。例如,该包覆体系可通过日期为2008年5月,于2013年6月修订的针对用作耐水阻挡层的工厂粘结到木材基结构包覆层上的耐水膜的ICC-ES接受标准的第4.5部分(ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 310)。
在某些实施方案中,含至少两块石膏镶板和接缝组件的建筑物包覆体系没有显示出漏水,当根据ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212,第4部分测量时。这一试验使用用多块石膏镶板建造且具有含接缝组件的两个垂直连接点处理和一个水平连接点处理(正如本文中更加详细地描述的)和具有接缝组件的防水板处理的8′×8′的墙壁组装件。对墙壁进行ASTM E2357(工序A)中的10个正面横向的负载循环,用压制(hold-downs)进行ASTM E72的振动负载,以获得1/8英寸的净偏移,然后进行AC212第4.7.3部分中描述的约束环境调节循环2周。因此,在一些实施方案中,在进行ASTM E2357工序A,ASTME72的试验方法和约束的环境调节之后,建筑物包覆体系没有显示出漏水,当根据ICCEvaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212,第4部分测量时。然后根据ASTM E331水渗透性,采用5 gal/ft2-hr的喷水和维持15分钟的2.86psf的空气压差,测试循环的墙壁,并导致在镶板区域内没有泄漏或者包覆层或接缝组件没有龟裂。
因此,在一些实施方案中,建筑物包覆体系没有显示出漏水,当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验,在2.86psf,6.24psf,或甚至8.58psf的空气压力下测量时。ASTM E331试验可以是在结构试验和/或包括建筑物过渡,开口和渗透在内的试验之后的喷水。除了ASTME331以外,其他合适的试验可以被替代,例如使用下述腔室的试验:所述腔室喷洒或溢流墙壁的暴露侧或者旋转以接收本体水并在内部腔室内产生负的空气压差,以便暴露漏点。这可包括,但不限于,ASTM E547,ASTM D5957,AAMA 501或区域测试装置,例如ASTM El105。因此,本文描述的建筑物包覆体系可通过前述试验的任何组合。
在某些实施方案中,建筑物包覆体系在75Pa下显示出小于或等于0.02L/sm2的抗空气渗透性,当根据ASTM E2178测量时。在某些实施方案中,包覆体系在300Pa下显示出小于或等于0.02L/sm2的抗空气渗透性,当根据ASTM E2178测量时。
在某些实施方案中,建筑物包覆体系在1.57lbs/ft2(75Pa)下显示出小于0.04cfm/ft2的漏出和渗入空气泄漏速率,当针对不透明墙和具有渗透性的墙壁二者来说,根据ASTM E2357空气阻挡层组装件试验测量时,当使用接缝组件密封连接点,窗户开口,粉尘渗透,管道渗透,外部接线盒,和砌筑连接件(masonry tie),制备8′×8′墙壁时。在一些实施方案中,ASTM E2357墙壁组装件在暴露于针对持续、循环和阵风负载,Q10>0.20kPa的压力设计值的风力负载之后,在6.27lbs/ft2(300Pa)下显示出小于0.04cfm/ft2的空气泄漏渗入和漏出速率。在某些实施方案中,建筑物包覆体系在1.57lbs/ft2(75 Pa)下显示出小于0.02cfm/ft2的漏出和渗入空气泄漏速率,当针对不透明墙和具有渗透性的墙壁二者来说,根据ASTM E2357空气阻挡层组装件试验测量时。除了ASTM E 2357以外,可使用其他试验,量化在这一范围内的空气泄漏,其中包括ASTM E283,ASTM E2319,ASTM E1424,ASTME283,ASTM E1424或类似试验方法。也可使用测试在这一范围内的压差的相关区域试验,例如ASTM E783或相关吹风机门装置测试。因此,本文描述的建筑物包覆体系可通过前述试验的任何组合。
在一些实施方案中,该体系通过针对水泄漏的静压头试验,这通过AATCC 127-2008测量。在某些实施方案中,建筑物包覆体系通过针对直接在至少两块石膏镶板和接缝组件的界面上22英寸水头(114psf水压)来说的AATCC静压头试验方法127-2008,且在5小时之后没有泄漏。除了静压头压力以外,可使用其他类似的试验,评估本体水抗性在0.32英寸水(1.67psf)至44英寸水头压力(228psf)范围内。这可包括,但不限于其他水头试验(例如ASTM E2140),水积聚试验,cobb试验(例如,ASTM C473,ASTM D3285,ASTM D5795,ASTMD7433,ASTM D7281),或通过真空或负压差异辅助的隔室试验。因此,本文描述的建筑物包覆体系可通过前述试验的任何组合。
在某些实施方案中,该体系通过AC310-2008,AC310-2008测试耐水膜和阻挡层。在一些实施方案中,该体系通过针对液体施加的防水板来说的AAMA 714标准。
在某些实施方案中,包覆体系的水蒸气透过系数为至少10(英寸-磅单位,根据ASTM E96湿杯法)。在某些实施方案中,包覆体系的水蒸气透过系数为至少20(英寸-磅单位,根据ASTM E96湿杯法)。
因此,本发明描述的体系沿着镶板的边缘特别有效,所述镶板的边缘常规地对泄漏更加敏感,当在完工的体系内安装时。
因此,在某些实施方案中,包覆体系(i)通过针对水泄漏的静压头试验,这通过AATCC 127-2008测量,(ii)在进行ASTM E2357工序A,ASTM E72的试验方法和约束的环境调节之后,当根据ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212,第4部分测量时,没有显示出水泄漏,和/或(iii)当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件,在2.86psf,6.24 psf,或8.58psf的空气压力下测量时,没有显示出水泄漏。因此,包覆体系可显示出一定水平的耐水性能。另外,这种包覆体系可进一步显示出所需的水蒸气透过系数,抗空气渗透性,空气泄漏速率,和防火性能。在不存在除了接缝组件以外的任何外部施加的阻挡层产品情况下,这些包覆体系因此提供耐水的空气阻挡层。也就是说,不需要施加机械附着的挠性阻挡片材材料,自粘合的阻挡片材材料,流体施加的膜,喷雾泡沫膜,或其他阻挡层产品到镶板的外部区域上,以实现耐水的空气阻挡性能。
因此,在某些实施方案中,包覆体系包括镶板,所述镶板具有石膏芯(一层或多层,任选地包括一层或多层的石板瓦涂层),玻璃纤维垫饰面层,和在镶板制造工艺过程中施加到玻璃纤维垫饰面层上的垫子涂层,所述镶板显示出本文描述的耐水的空气阻挡性能,而与在建筑物构造过程中施加到镶板外表面上的任何阻挡层产品(例如,机械附着的挠性阻挡片材材料,自粘合的阻挡片材材料,流体施加的膜,喷雾泡沫膜)无关。
方法
还提供具有耐水和/或空气阻挡性能的石膏镶板的制造方法。在某些实施方案中,石膏镶板的制造方法包括在与连续阻挡涂层相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的表面上沉积石膏浆液,所述石膏浆液渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的一部分,并允许石膏浆液凝固,形成石膏芯,其中石膏浆液渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除。这些方法可用于生产具有本文描述的特征和/或性能中的任何特征,性能或组合的石膏镶板。
例如可通过化学改性石膏浆液,通过使用相对高密度的石膏芯(或其层),和/或通过机械方式,实现石膏强化渗透到玻璃纤维垫内。
在某些实施方案中,石膏芯包括按序施加到玻璃纤维垫上并允许或者按序或者同时凝固的多层。在一些实施方案中,第二玻璃纤维垫可沉积在最终的石膏浆液层(或唯一的石膏浆液层)的表面上,形成双垫-饰面的石膏镶板。例如,第二玻璃纤维垫可包含在渗透一部分垫子的垫子表面上的阻挡涂层。
石膏浆液或其多层可通过任何合适的方式,例如辊涂,沉积在玻璃纤维垫上。
在某些实施方案中,沉积石膏浆液包括沉积含有润湿剂的第一石膏浆液,正如以下更加详细地描述的。第一石膏浆液可含有用量有效地降低第一石膏浆液表面张力到小于或等于65dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏浆液含有用量有效地降低第一石膏浆液表面张力到小于或等于60dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏浆液含有用量有效地降低第一石膏浆液表面张力到小于或等于55dyne/cm的润湿剂。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏浆液含有用量有效地降低第一石膏浆液表面张力到约40dyne/cm至约55dyne/cm的润湿剂。
在某些实施方案中,沉积石膏浆液包括在玻璃纤维垫的表面上沉积湿密度为约88pcf至约98pcf的第一石膏浆液。在某些实施方案中,第一石膏浆液的湿密度为约93pcf至约96pcf。
在一些实施方案中,石膏芯包括至少三层石膏层,其中石膏芯的最外层石膏层(即,形成与玻璃纤维垫的界面的层)是石板瓦涂层。在某些实施方案中,两层最外层具有相对高的密度或者在其他情况下化学改变,以提高渗透性。因此,第三石膏浆液的湿密度可以是约88pcf至约98pcf,或约93pcf至约96pcf。
在某些实施方案中,第一石膏浆液(或最外层石膏浆液层各自)以石膏芯重量约5%至约20%的用量沉积。
在某些实施方案中,石膏浆液(或它的一层或多层)包含润湿剂,润湿剂起到降低石膏浆液表面张力的作用。在某些实施方案中,润湿剂选自表面活性剂,超增塑剂,分散剂,含有表面活性剂的试剂,含有超增塑剂的试剂,含有分散剂的试剂,及其组合。在一些实施方案中,润湿剂在石膏浆液内的存在量为约0.05%至约1wt%。
合适的表面活性剂和其他润湿剂选自非离子,阴离子,阳离子或两性离子化合物,例如烷基硫酸盐,月桂基硫酸铵,月桂基硫酸钠,烷基醚硫酸盐,月桂醇聚乙氧基醚硫酸钠,肉豆蔻醇聚醚硫酸钠,多库酯盐,二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠,全氟辛磺酸盐,全氟丁磺酸盐,直链烷基苯磺酸盐,烷基-芳基醚磷酸酯,烷基醚磷酸酯,烷基羧酸酯,硬脂酸钠,月桂酰基肌氨酸钠,羧酸酯-基氟表面活性剂,全氟壬酸酯,全氟辛酸酯,胺,二盐酸奥替尼啶,烷基三甲基铵盐,鲸蜡基三甲基溴化铵,鲸蜡基三甲基氯化铵,鲸蜡基氯化吡啶鎓,氯化苄烷铵,氯化苄乙铵,5-溴-5-硝基-l,3-二噁烷,二甲基双十八烷基氯化铵,鲸蜡基三甲基溴化铵,双十八烷基二甲基溴化铵,磺基甜菜碱,椰油酰胺基丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱,甜菜碱,椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱,磷脂类磷脂酰丝氨酸,磷脂酰乙醇胺,磷脂酰胆碱,鞘磷脂,脂肪醇,鲸蜡基醇,硬脂基醇,鲸蜡硬脂基醇,硬脂基醇,油醇,聚氧乙二醇烷基醚,八乙二醇单十二烷基醚,五乙二醇单十二烷基醚,聚氧丙二醇烷基醚,葡糖苷烷基醚,聚氧乙二醇辛基苯酚醚,聚氧乙二醇烷基苯酚醚,甘油烷基酯,聚氧乙二醇脱水山梨醇烷基酯,脱水山梨醇烷基酯,椰油酰胺MEA,椰油酰胺DEA,十二烷基二甲基胺氧化物,聚乙氧化妥尔油胺,以及聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇嵌段共聚物。例如,合适的表面活性剂包括商购于Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.(Allentown,PA)的Surfynol 440,Surfynol 465,Surfynol AD01,Surfynol 82,和Surfynol 61。
在某些实施方案中,石膏浆液(或其中的一层或多层)包含疏水添加剂。例如,石膏浆液或层可包括蜡,蜡乳液和共乳液,有机硅,硅氧烷,硅烷,或其任何组合。
在某些实施方案中,石膏浆液(或其中的一层或多层)包含超增塑剂。例如,合适的超增塑剂包括商购于BASF Corporation的Melflux 2651F和4930F。
在一些实施方案中,润湿剂在石膏浆液(或其中的层)内的存在量为0.05%至1.0wt%,以降低浆液表面张力到小于或等于约65dyne/cm,这在固体成分过滤出之后在水性液体上测量。在某些实施方案中,表面活性剂在石膏浆液(或层)内的存在量为0.1至0.5wt%,且水性液体的表面张力范围为35dyne/cm至55dyne/cm。在石膏浆液内水性液体的降低的表面张力提高浆液渗透到玻璃垫内,以25℃下纯水的表面张力为72dyne/cm作为参考。
在某些实施方案中,在凝固的石膏镶板芯内可以不存在残留的润湿剂。
在某些实施方案中,石膏浆液(或其中的一层或多层)基本上不具有泡沫,蜂窝,过量水,和胶束形成。本文中所使用的术语“基本上不具有”是指含有低于将实质上影响镶板性能的这些材料用量的浆液。也就是说,这些材料在浆液内的存在量不会导致在压力下,在凝固镶板的玻璃垫内形成液体水的通路。
在某些实施方案中,石膏浆液(或其中的一层或多层)包含聚合物粘合剂。
在某些实施方案中,第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫通过与石膏浆液接触,则已经被涂布。在一些实施方案中,该方法包括在垫子与石膏浆液接触之前或之后,施加涂层到第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫上。在某些实施方案中,施加阻挡涂层包括喷涂,带涂(ribboncoating)或直接辊涂。在一些实施方案中,将阻挡涂层以约1磅至约9磅/100ft2的用量施加到第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫每一种上。例如,可以以约2磅至约8磅/100ft2的用量施加阻挡涂层到第一和/或第二玻璃纤维垫上。在其他实施方案中,可以以预制造形式获得涂布的玻璃纤维垫。
在某些实施方案中,石膏浆液(或其中的层)可沉积在预涂布的玻璃纤维垫中水平取向的移动网的未涂布侧上。第二涂布或未涂布的玻璃纤维垫可沉积在与第一涂布的玻璃纤维垫相对的石膏浆液的表面上,例如第二涂布的玻璃纤维垫的未涂布表面接触石膏浆液。在一些实施方案中,预涂布或未涂布的非织造纤维垫的移动网可置于水性石膏浆液的上部自由表面上。因此,石膏浆液可夹在两个玻璃纤维垫之间,这两个玻璃纤维垫之一或二者具有阻挡涂层。
在一些实施方案中,该方法还包括至少机械振动在其上沉积了第一石膏浆液的第一玻璃纤维垫,使石膏浆液渗透到第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分内。在某些实施方案中,该方法包括至少使在其上沉积了第一石膏浆液的第一玻璃纤维垫穿过振动台。例如,在其上沉积了仅仅一层石膏浆液的玻璃纤维垫(例如石板瓦涂层),或具有多层石膏浆液层的玻璃纤维垫,和任选地与第一玻璃纤维垫相对的第二玻璃纤维垫可穿过振动台。在某些实施方案中,在镶板经过成形板之前,使第一玻璃纤维垫和石膏浆液穿过振动台。
在某些实施方案中,振动台包括为显示约5in/s至约10in/s的平均振动而构造的至少一个振动板。在某些实施方案中,振动台包括为在约32Hz至约20kHz的频率下振动而构造的至少一个振动板。在一些实施方案中,使玻璃纤维垫和石膏在两个连续的振动板上经过。已发现,与在其上具有节点(nub)的常规辊相比,振动台实现玻璃纤维垫中优越的石膏浆液渗透。
在某些实施方案中,允许石膏浆液凝固包括干燥石膏浆液,例如在烘箱内或者通过另一合适的干燥机制。
如图3所示,本文还提供建造建筑物包覆体系的方法,该方法包括安装至少两块在其间具有界面的石膏镶板300,和在至少两块石膏镶板300之间的界面处施加接缝组件320。在这些方法中所使用的石膏镶板可以具有本文描述的任何特征,性能或特征和/或性能的组合。通过这些方法建造的包覆体系可以具有本文描述的任何特征,性能或特征和/或性能的组合。接缝组件可以是本文描述的任何合适的接缝组件。
实施例
如下所述制造并测试本文公开的耐水空气阻挡层镶板的实施方案。
实施例1
根据本文公开的方法,使用表1中所示的组合物,在两个装置上制造玻璃纤维饰面的石膏镶板。
通过测试在处理过的连接点区域上的水柱,进行静压头试验(AATCC试验方法127-2008和ICC Acceptance Criteria 212)。使用胶带或聚合物液体,处理在两个样品包覆镶板之间的连接点。接缝组件跨越两个镶板样品之间1/4"的间隙,并用蜡密封外部边缘。
如图4A和4B中所示的,4-英寸(内径)的柱子用有机硅填缝到表面,以便它完全覆盖处理区域和在胶带/液体聚合物边缘上的未处理的镶板区域。水柱是以21.6"水填充并静置5小时。水可以被染色,并将玻璃垫在试验最后剥离,以评估在5小时期间出现多少水的行进。在板的背面或在连接点处水的渗透被视为失败。在常规的石膏镶板内,水倾向于渗透,尽管在胶带/液体聚合物表面的非常靠边处具有玻璃垫的涂层,且水沿着玻璃垫-石膏浆液界面行进到连接点处。
图5中示出了在两个不同装置处的静压头压力测试结果。X-轴示出了横跨板的宽度从编码(时间编码)边缘到非-编码边缘,每3"获取的样品。Y-轴表示在玻璃垫和浆液石板瓦涂层的界面区域处水的行进距离。数值1.5"表示其中水全部进入连接点的泄漏样品。装置1具有95pcf的石板瓦涂层湿密度并使用电振动台。装置2具有平均87.5pcf的石板瓦涂层湿密度并使用常规的振动辊。还示出了不具有石板瓦涂层的装置2。正如该图表所阐述的,较高密度的石板瓦涂层结合电振动台导致更加一致地通过静压头试验,特别是在镶板的边缘附近处。没有石板瓦涂层导致非常不一致的性能。
图6A和6B是分别显示在装置2处,在镶板的中心和边缘处制造的石板瓦涂层样品的截面的显微图。这些显微图揭露了在板中心附近高密度浆液良好的渗透性。
实施例2
在另一实验中,制造具有表1所示组合物的试验包覆层A,其中该包覆层具有93pcf的高石板瓦涂层密度。在隔离衬垫上安装的由VIBCO(Wyoming,Rhode Island)制造的两个串联电振动台被调节到第一台为33.5Hz和第二台为45.5Hz,从而在没有渗滤的情况下,提供完全的石板瓦涂层渗透。通过增加垫卷开卷机的制动压力,增加玻璃垫的轴向式(inline)垫张力。
同样根据表1的组合物制备试验包覆层B且它具有约88pcf的石板瓦涂层密度并在镶板制造期间使用常规的振动辊。这两个装置在石板瓦涂层内具有相同的相对量的疏水添加剂。采用1X Nikon手持透镜进行的观察显示出包覆层A一致的石板瓦涂层渗透性,而包覆层B的渗透性显著变化。
如图7所示,当在22"水柱的静压头压力试验中测试5小时时,所有包覆层B样品因水在垫表面下方行进而泄漏,尽管包覆层B样品没有显示出泄漏迹象。计算增益重量百分比,并显示出包覆层A 0.86%的平均重量增益和包覆层B 3.0%的平均重量增益。认为通过增加石板瓦涂层内疏水添加剂的百分比,可甚至进一步降低在包覆层A的静压头内,5小时的重量百分比增益。
如图7中所示,还购买了可商购的石膏玻璃垫产品,并使用与包覆层A和B所使用的相同的取样工序和试验方法测试。工业产品1-5是具有涂布的玻璃垫的可商购的石膏玻璃垫包覆产品,而工业产品6是在石膏面内要求保护>70%包埋的玻璃垫的石膏玻璃垫包覆产品。
结果表明包覆层A显示出比已知涂布的玻璃垫包覆产品好的耐水性。与具有包埋垫的石膏包覆层(工业产品6)相比,包覆层A还显示出显著较高的结果,因为10个样品中2个泄漏,相比之下包覆层A中10个样品0个泄漏。在静压头中工业产品6在5小时内的重量增益百分比显著较高,为5.6%,相比之下包覆层A为0.8%。认为即使垫子要求保护70%包埋的玻璃垫,但未包埋的部分用涂层覆盖,因此,石膏的密度,性能,和/或缺少饱和垫子的机械或化学方式导致在石膏垫表面积内产生非所需的孔隙,从而导致泄漏。
实施例3
还进行了实验室实验,其中制造5个12"x 12"镶板,其组成如表2中所示。
在添加芯浆液之前,石板瓦涂布玻璃垫,且没有使用机械方式(例如振动)来增加浆液渗透性。根据参考实施例1描述的那些,进行静压头试验。图8是显示对于5个样品来说,在涂层下方水行进的图表(单位:英寸)。
这一实施例的结果表明在浆液内不具有疏水添加剂(例如有机硅)的对照镶板在头30分钟内无法通过静压头试验,从而导致在连接点处泄漏。具有较高湿密度(例如,95pcf)的石板瓦涂层具有比较低密度(例如83pcf)好的结果。添加表面活性剂(例如,Surfynol)到石板瓦涂层中导致显著较好的渗透性和静压头压力试验结果,甚至在较低的密度下。
实施例4
针对根据制造者的教导,在5/8"×12"×12"包覆层(由GeorgiaPacific,Atlanta,Georgia制造)上施加的各种液体膜产品来说,进行根据ASTM E96湿杯法的水蒸气透过测试。在没有附加处理的情况下,还测试根据实施例2的包覆层A。四种液体膜产品是在工业中所使用的标准材料,且购自防水分销商。根据制造者的推荐使用速率,横跨DENSGLASS包覆镶板的整个场地,采用直边镶板,施加液体膜产品:液体膜1=10湿密耳,液体膜2=70湿密耳,液体膜3=60湿密耳,和液体膜4=10湿密耳。
如图9所示,包覆层A的透过系数显著高于在玻璃垫包覆层上施加的液体膜的透过系数(4.8至8.1渗透性相对于31.6渗透性),从而表明这种包覆镶板在使用中较高的干燥潜力。
实施例5
进行时间运动(time motion)研究,以确定相对于可商购的备选方案,与所公开的包覆阻挡体系有关的时间节约。具体地,建造具有28英尺的高度,总计墙壁长度为88英尺,和总计2,464总平方英尺包覆的外墙面积的三层商业建筑物。该建筑物包括12个窗户开口和两个门开口以及外部和内部角落的组合,以重现现实的商业建筑设置。根据制造者针对非-凸缘窗户(non-flanged)的安装指南(包括用流体施加的密封剂或防水胶带涂布内部门和窗户开口),有经验的水和空气阻挡层安装员工在一半建筑物(即具有一个门和六个窗户开口的约1,126净平方英尺包覆区域)上安装四个不同的阻挡体系,其中包括适合于非-凸缘的商业窗户和门的窗户以及门的防水板。
第一体系包括用气动带帽装订机,紧固到包覆镶板上的建筑物包层。所有包层接缝搭接并用2.5英寸胶带密封。施加6英寸的自粘合防水板到所有窗户和门的开口上。总的安装时间为8小时31分钟。第二体系包括借助流体枪,在紧固件头和包覆体系的镶板接缝上施加的流体密封剂,为了完全灌注(flash)一个门和六个窗户开口,借助流体枪施加的流体密封剂,和通过辊,在包覆镶板的整个外表面上施加的流体密封剂。总的安装时间为10小时41分钟。
第三和第四体系包括本文公开的耐水空气阻挡层包覆镶板。在第三体系中,4-英寸的自粘合防水板被施加到包覆接缝和角落上,流体密封剂被施加到紧固件头上,和6-英寸的自粘合防水板被施加到所有风和门的开口上。总的安装时间为6小时22分钟。在第四体系中,流体密封剂被施加到所有紧固件头、接缝和门/窗户开口上。总的安装时间为6小时26分钟。因此,与已知的商业建筑物包层和流体密封剂体系相比,在显著较少劳力时间下,实现了本文公开的包括耐水空气阻挡层包覆镶板的包覆体系的安装。
因此,本文公开的石膏包覆镶板和建筑物包覆体系显示出以前仅仅在石膏镶板内通过附着单独的耐水空气阻挡层(例如,机械附着挠性片材,自粘合片材,流体施加的膜,喷雾泡沫)到其上才实现的耐水和空气阻挡性能。由于石膏镶板显示出防火性能,因此,这些镶板和体系提供了与木材-基(例如,OSB)镶板相比的优点。
在这些石膏镶板和包覆体系中,气穴或孔隙被基本上消除,结果镶板显示出所需的耐水阻挡和空气阻挡性能,而与外部施加的阻挡产品无关。这些改进的包覆镶板可与接缝组件(即,处理镶板之间的连接点,或接缝的组件)结合,大大地降低安装耐水空气阻挡层的成本,时间和复杂性,所述耐水空气阻挡层提供所需的抗本体水,且没有影响镶板的水蒸气透过速率的性能。因此,所公开的体系有利地消除了施加进一步材料到石膏镶板上的需求(例如,或者膜或者液体/泡沫材料),以实现耐水的空气阻挡性能,当处理接缝时,且还提供防火性。
尽管参考许多实施方案描述了本发明的公开内容,但本领域技术人员要理解,本发明并不限于这种公开的实施方案上。相反,可改性本发明,以引入在本文没有描述但与本发明的精神和范围相当的许多变化,改变,替代或等价布局中的任何内容。另外,尽管描述了本发明的各种实施方案,但要理解本发明的各方面可包括仅仅一些所描述的实施方案。因此,本发明不应被视为受到前述说明内容的限制,而是仅仅通过所附权利要求的范围来限制。
Claims (26)
1.一种建筑物包覆体系,它包括:
至少两块石膏镶板,每一石膏镶板包括与具有连续阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的一部分,
其中石膏芯中的石膏渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除;和
在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处提供接缝而构造的接缝组件,
其中该体系在不存在除了接缝组件以外的任何外部施加的阻挡产品情况下提供耐水空气阻挡层,
其中:
该体系通过了针对水泄漏的静压头试验,这通过AATCC 127-2008测量,
当根据ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水,
该体系通过了ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 310,和/或当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水。
2.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中接缝组件包括胶带或粘结材料。
3.权利要求2的建筑物包覆体系,其中接缝组件包括选自合成灰泥石膏,水泥石膏,合成丙烯酸类树脂,砂子填充的丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丁基橡胶(solvent-based butyls),多硫化物,聚氨酯,有机硅类,甲硅烷基改性的聚合物,水性胶乳,EVA胶乳,和丙烯酸类胶乳中的粘结材料。
4.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中每一石膏镶板中的石膏芯包括至少部分渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分的第一石膏层,第一石膏层的浆液密度为88pcf至98pcf。
5.权利要求4的建筑物包覆体系,其中通过石膏浆液形成第一石膏层,所述石膏浆液包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层中的浆液表面张力达到30dyne/cm至55dyne/cm的润湿剂。
6.权利要求4的建筑物包覆体系,其中第一石膏层的存在量为石膏芯重量的5%至20%。
7.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中该体系通过针对直接在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处的接缝组件上22-英寸水头的AATCC静压头试验方法127-2008,且在5小时之后没有泄漏。
8.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中该体系的水蒸气透过系数为至少20英寸-磅单位,这通过ASTM E96湿杯法测量。
9.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中当根据ASTM E2357测量时,该体系显示出在1.57lbs/ft2下小于0.04cfm/ft2的空气泄漏速率。
10.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验,在至少2.86psf的空气压力下测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水。
11.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中,当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验,在2.86psf的空气压力下测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水。
12.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验,在6.24psf的空气压力下测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水。
13.权利要求1的建筑物包覆体系,其中,当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验,在8.58psf的空气压力下测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水。
14.一种建筑物包覆体系的制造方法,该方法包括:
安装在其间具有界面的至少两块石膏镶板;和
在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处施加接缝组件,其中:
该体系通过了针对水泄漏的静压头试验,这通过AATCC 127-2008测量,
当根据ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水
该体系通过了ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 310,和/或当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水,其中所述至少两块石膏镶板中每一石膏镶板包括与具有连续阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的一部分,
其中石膏芯中的石膏渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除,并且
其中每一石膏镶板中的石膏芯包括至少部分渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分的第一石膏层,第一石膏层通过包含用量有效地引起第一石膏层中的浆液表面张力达到30dyne/cm至55dyne/cm的润湿剂的石膏浆液形成。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中第一石膏层的浆液密度为88pcf至98pcf。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中接缝组件包括胶带或粘结材料。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中接缝组件包括选自合成灰泥石膏,水泥石膏,合成丙烯酸类树脂,砂子填充的丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丁基橡胶,多硫化物,聚氨酯,有机硅类,甲硅烷基改性的聚合物,水性胶乳,EVA胶乳,和丙烯酸类胶乳中的粘结材料。
18.权利要求14的方法,其中该体系通过针对直接在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处的接缝组件上22-英寸水头的AATCC静压头试验方法127-2008,且在5小时之后没有泄漏。
19.权利要求14的方法,其中该体系的水蒸气透过系数为至少20英寸-磅单位,这通过ASTM E96湿杯法测量。
20.权利要求14的方法,其中当根据ASTM E2357测量时,该体系显示出在1.57lbs/ft2下小于0.04cfm/ft2的空气泄漏速率。
21.一种建筑物包覆体系,它包括:
至少两块石膏镶板,其中每一石膏镶板包括:
与具有连续阻挡涂层的第一玻璃纤维垫联接的石膏芯,该涂层渗透与石膏芯相对的第一玻璃纤维垫的一部分,
其中石膏芯中的石膏渗透第一玻璃纤维垫的其余纤维部分,使得在第一玻璃纤维垫内的孔隙被基本上消除;和
在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处提供接缝而构造的接缝组件,
其中在不存在除了接缝组件以外的任何外部施加的阻挡产品情况下,该体系提供耐水的空气阻挡层,
其中该体系的水蒸气透过系数为至少20英寸-磅单位,这通过ASTM E96湿杯法测量。
22.权利要求21的建筑物包覆体系,其中接缝组件包括胶带或粘结材料。
23.权利要求22的建筑物包覆体系,其中接缝组件包括选自合成灰泥石膏,水泥石膏,合成丙烯酸类树脂,砂子填充的丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丙烯酸类树脂,溶剂基丁基橡胶,多硫化物,聚氨酯,有机硅类,甲硅烷基改性的聚合物,水性胶乳,EVA胶乳,和丙烯酸类胶乳中的粘结材料。
24.权利要求21的建筑物包覆体系,其中:
该体系通过了针对水泄漏的静压头试验,这通过针对直接在至少两块石膏镶板之间的界面处的接缝组件上22-英寸水头的AATCC 127-2008测量,且在5小时之后没有泄漏,
当根据ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 212测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水,
该体系通过了ICC Evaluation Service Acceptance Criteria 310,和/或
当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验测量时,该体系没有显示出漏水。
25.权利要求21的建筑物包覆体系,其中当根据ASTM E2357测量时,该体系显示出在1.57lbs/ft2下小于0.04cfm/ft2的空气泄漏速率。
26.权利要求24的建筑物包覆体系,其中,当根据ASTM E331墙壁组装件试验,在至少2.86psf的空气压力下测量时该体系没有显示出漏水。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562111357P | 2015-02-03 | 2015-02-03 | |
US62/111,357 | 2015-02-03 | ||
PCT/US2016/016402 WO2016126842A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107548424A CN107548424A (zh) | 2018-01-05 |
CN107548424B true CN107548424B (zh) | 2019-12-24 |
Family
ID=56553917
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201680015657.2A Active CN107548424B (zh) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | 石膏镶板,体系和方法 |
CN201680015667.6A Active CN107532422B (zh) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | 石膏镶板,体系和方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201680015667.6A Active CN107532422B (zh) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | 石膏镶板,体系和方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (7) | US9869089B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP3253931A4 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN107548424B (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2016215345A1 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2975744C (zh) |
MX (2) | MX2017009996A (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2016126842A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11535558B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2022-12-27 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods |
WO2016126842A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-11 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods |
WO2016126850A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-11 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods |
CN109563867B (zh) | 2016-06-17 | 2021-01-01 | 佐治亚-太平洋石膏有限责任公司 | 自密封紧固件、建筑面板、系统和方法 |
CA3032809A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, mats therefor, and methods |
AU2018348018B2 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2022-09-29 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Aqueous binder compositions |
CA3075644A1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2019-04-18 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Aqueous binder compositions |
US11608302B2 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2023-03-21 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods |
US11225793B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2022-01-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Fly ash-free coating formulation for fibrous mat tile backerboard |
US20210207378A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2021-07-08 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Self-adhering construction panels, assemblies, and methods |
WO2020050951A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Method of making a gypsum panel and gypsum panel made by this method |
US11518141B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2022-12-06 | United States Gypsum Company | Water barrier exterior sheathing panel |
CN109342294B (zh) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-04-06 | 龙培文 | 一种纺织品透水性检测设备 |
CA3066152A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2020-06-27 | National Gypsum Properties, Llc | Cementitious panels with swellable materials and methods of providing a moisture or water barrier in cementitious panels using swellable materials |
CN109668815B (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2022-02-11 | 深圳市昊源建设监理有限公司 | 一种工程监理用窗边渗水测试装置 |
CN113924209B (zh) | 2019-06-07 | 2023-06-27 | 佐治亚-太平洋石膏有限责任公司 | 建筑物面板、组件及相关方法 |
US11702839B2 (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2023-07-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Missile impact resistant exterior sheathing building panel |
US11813833B2 (en) | 2019-12-09 | 2023-11-14 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc | Fiberglass insulation product |
CN111155674B (zh) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-08-27 | 海达建设集团有限公司 | 一种装配式pc构件施工方法 |
US20210299999A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-09-30 | United States Gypsum Company | Glass-mat tile backer panel and manufacturing process of a glass-mat tile backer panel |
US20230212854A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2023-07-06 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Construction panels having an integrated drainage mechanism, and associated assemblies and methods |
MX2022002357A (es) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-29 | Gold Bond Building Products Llc | Tablero de yeso que contiene un compuesto de poliol. |
CN113418832A (zh) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-21 | 敦煌研究院 | 一种用于岩土质文物具有柔性壁密封结构的透湿杯及透湿性测试方法 |
US11649628B2 (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-05-16 | Eagle Materials Ip Llc | Area separation firewall system |
Family Cites Families (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2258574A (en) | 1939-01-06 | 1941-10-07 | Marshall L Leary | Wall construction |
US3192098A (en) | 1958-12-08 | 1965-06-29 | James T Phillips | Rough-coat plaster panel |
US3162906A (en) | 1961-04-05 | 1964-12-29 | Tracey Cook Brunstrom & Dudley | Separating strips for wall joints |
DK101573C (da) | 1961-04-21 | 1965-04-26 | Evers & Co As | Fremgangsmåde ved fremstilling af en lydabsorptionsplade. |
US3391037A (en) * | 1964-10-12 | 1968-07-02 | Joseph D. Mcnulty | Method of covering joints in interior wall construction |
US3708935A (en) * | 1966-11-07 | 1973-01-09 | Nat Gypsum Co | Simulated monolithic predecorated wall construction |
US3555763A (en) | 1968-11-25 | 1971-01-19 | Speed Fab Crete Corp Internati | Method of forming walls with prefabricated panels |
DE2023853B2 (de) | 1970-05-15 | 1974-08-29 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, 8715 Iphofen | Verfahren zur Alterungs-Behandlung frisch gebrannten Stuckgipses |
US3691003A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1972-09-12 | Julius W Elischer | Building board |
US5148645A (en) | 1984-02-27 | 1992-09-22 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Use of fibrous mat-faced gypsum board in shaft wall assemblies and improved fire resistant board |
US5220762A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1993-06-22 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Fibrous mat-faced gypsum board in exterior and interior finishing systems for buildings |
JPS63273792A (ja) | 1987-05-06 | 1988-11-10 | Toshiba Corp | パネル形放熱器 |
CA1341084C (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 2000-08-15 | George W. Green | Coated fibrous mat-faced gypsum board resistant to water and humidity |
US4879173A (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1989-11-07 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Glass mat with reinforcing binder |
FR2646667B1 (fr) | 1989-05-03 | 1991-08-23 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Vitrage avec bande filtrante et procede de fabrication |
JP3274562B2 (ja) | 1994-02-28 | 2002-04-15 | 大和ハウス工業株式会社 | 目地用ガスケットおよび外壁目地の防水構造 |
JP3281764B2 (ja) | 1995-07-31 | 2002-05-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 洗浄機 |
US6253530B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 | 2001-07-03 | Tracy Price | Structural honeycomb panel building system |
US5810956A (en) | 1996-07-01 | 1998-09-22 | Itw Foamseal, Inc. | Method of filling a seam of a panel assembly using a thixotropic polyurethane elastomeric filler adhesive |
US5732520A (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-03-31 | Multicoat Corporation | Synthetic stucco system |
JPH10205028A (ja) | 1997-01-21 | 1998-08-04 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 壁パネル目地構造 |
US6387172B1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2002-05-14 | United States Gypsum Company | Gypsum compositions and related methods |
US6838163B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2005-01-04 | Milliken & Company | Composite facer for wallboards |
US6770354B2 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2004-08-03 | G-P Gypsum Corporation | Mat-faced gypsum board |
FR2824552B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-14 | 2004-04-02 | Lafarge Platres | Procede et dispositif pour la formation de couches denses dans un pate de platre |
US20050159057A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2005-07-21 | Bpb Plc | Exterior sheathing weather barrier construction and method of manufacture |
US6524679B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2003-02-25 | Bpb, Plc | Glass reinforced gypsum board |
CA2468446A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-05 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Caulkless panelized wall system |
US6737156B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2004-05-18 | Gp Gypsum Corp. | Interior wallboard and method of making same |
US6746781B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2004-06-08 | G-P Gypsum Corporation | Gypsum board having polyvinyl alcohol binder in interface layer and method for making the same |
US20050020274A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2005-01-27 | Ursini Ernest Anthony | Kid trac |
CA2413550C (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2009-01-20 | Bakor Inc. | Self-adhering vapor permeable air and moisture barrier membrane |
MXPA05005873A (es) * | 2002-12-13 | 2005-08-29 | G P Gypsum Corp | Panel de yeso que tiene un recubrimiento resistente a la humedad curado con luz uv, y metodo para hacer el mismo. |
US7049251B2 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2006-05-23 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Canada Ltd | Facing material with controlled porosity for construction boards |
US20040209074A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-21 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Corporation | Mat faced gypsum board |
US20040226247A1 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-18 | Byrd Bobby Joe | Building panel with impermeable surface layer |
WO2005023524A2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-17 | Z Corporation | Absorbent fillers for three-dimensional printing |
US7677002B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2010-03-16 | Huber Engineered Woods Llc | Wall sheathing system and method of installation |
US7745357B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2010-06-29 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US7338702B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2008-03-04 | Johns Manville | Non-woven glass mat with dissolvable binder system for fiber-reinforced gypsum board |
US20060053738A1 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Jaffee Alan M | Methods of providing water protection to wall structures and wall structures formed by the same |
WO2007025734A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-08 | Lafarge Platres | Wallboard with antifungal properties and method of making same |
US7473440B2 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2009-01-06 | Johns Manville | Method of treating a coated fibrous mat |
US8070895B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2011-12-06 | United States Gypsum Company | Water resistant cementitious article and method for preparing same |
US20080245012A1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Lafarge | Superhydrophobic gypsum boards and process for making same |
US7936341B2 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2011-05-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Recognizing selection regions from multiple simultaneous inputs |
US8318297B2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2012-11-27 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Titanate nanowire, titanate nanowire scaffold, and processes of making same |
US7897660B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2011-03-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Incorporation of a resin dispersion to improve the moisture resistance of gypsum products |
US20090178357A1 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2009-07-16 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Wallboard joint system |
US8397465B2 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2013-03-19 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Continuously insulated wall assembly |
TWI486510B (zh) | 2009-01-26 | 2015-06-01 | Henry Co Llc | 減少石膏牆板製造時之能量的混合物和乳液 |
JP5414359B2 (ja) | 2009-05-27 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 医用三次元画像表示装置及びその方法 |
US8748515B2 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2014-06-10 | Henry Company Llc | Mixtures and emulsions for use in providing strength to gypsum compositions |
US8789338B2 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2014-07-29 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for sealing a wall |
WO2013082007A1 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-06 | Soane Labs, Llc | Functional pulp-containing composites for drywall applications |
US8925677B2 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-01-06 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Gypsum-panel acoustical monolithic ceiling |
CN202925813U (zh) | 2012-08-24 | 2013-05-08 | 大和房屋工业株式会社 | 外壁接缝的干式防水结构 |
US8931230B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2015-01-13 | United States Gypsum Company | Joint compound, wall assembly, and methods and products related thereto |
US10562271B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-02-18 | United States Gypsum Company | Exterior sheathing panel with integrated air/water barrier membrane |
US20140311073A1 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Dan B. Pool | Stucco Composite Building Panel |
US10344478B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 | 2019-07-09 | Axalta Coating Systems Ip Co., Llc | Coating and binder compositions for gypsum boards |
MX2016007572A (es) | 2013-12-11 | 2016-12-09 | Henry Co Llc | Productos resistentes al agua usando una emulsion de cera. |
US9410058B2 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2016-08-09 | United States Gypsum Company | Compositions and methods for water-resistant gypsum fiber products |
US10232588B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2019-03-19 | United States Gypsum Company | Siloxane compositions and methods for reducing VOC and siloxane dust |
US9682887B2 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2017-06-20 | United States Gypsum Company | Compositions and methods for reducing lime bucking in plaster products |
WO2016082208A1 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Wireless network based battery management system |
WO2016126842A1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-11 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods |
SG11201807193UA (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-09-27 | Innovative Building Technologies Llc | Floor and ceiling panel for slab-free floor system of a building |
DK3426859T3 (da) * | 2016-03-11 | 2021-09-13 | Georgia Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gipspanel, anvendelse af et sådant panel og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et sådant panel |
CN109563867B (zh) * | 2016-06-17 | 2021-01-01 | 佐治亚-太平洋石膏有限责任公司 | 自密封紧固件、建筑面板、系统和方法 |
CA3032809A1 (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, mats therefor, and methods |
US10427979B2 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-10-01 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Gypsum panels, methods, and systems |
-
2016
- 2016-02-03 WO PCT/US2016/016402 patent/WO2016126842A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-03 MX MX2017009996A patent/MX2017009996A/es unknown
- 2016-02-03 US US15/014,821 patent/US9869089B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-03 CA CA2975744A patent/CA2975744C/en active Active
- 2016-02-03 AU AU2016215345A patent/AU2016215345A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-02-03 US US15/014,793 patent/US10179997B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-03 WO PCT/US2016/016375 patent/WO2016126825A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-03 CN CN201680015657.2A patent/CN107548424B/zh active Active
- 2016-02-03 CA CA2975742A patent/CA2975742C/en active Active
- 2016-02-03 EP EP16747205.9A patent/EP3253931A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-03 CN CN201680015667.6A patent/CN107532422B/zh active Active
- 2016-02-03 EP EP16747191.1A patent/EP3253930A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-03 MX MX2017009997A patent/MX2017009997A/es unknown
- 2016-02-03 AU AU2016215362A patent/AU2016215362A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-06-13 US US15/180,456 patent/US10407907B2/en active Active
- 2016-06-13 US US15/180,589 patent/US9739059B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-08-03 US US15/668,146 patent/US10077552B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-09-14 US US16/131,297 patent/US10626609B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-08-26 US US16/550,356 patent/US11248375B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160222646A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
US10077552B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
AU2016215362A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
US20190010697A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
MX2017009997A (es) | 2018-03-07 |
CA2975744A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
US10626609B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
US9869089B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
US10179997B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
US20160222647A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
EP3253930A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
EP3253931A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
EP3253931A4 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
CA2975744C (en) | 2020-11-17 |
US10407907B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
US20160289966A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
CN107532422B (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
WO2016126842A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
CN107532422A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
MX2017009996A (es) | 2018-02-19 |
WO2016126825A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
US20170328056A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
US20160289954A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
CN107548424A (zh) | 2018-01-05 |
US9739059B2 (en) | 2017-08-22 |
CA2975742A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
US11248375B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
US20190376286A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
CA2975742C (en) | 2020-03-10 |
AU2016215345A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
EP3253930A4 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107548424B (zh) | 石膏镶板,体系和方法 | |
US11608637B2 (en) | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods | |
US11253889B2 (en) | Gypsum panels and mats therefor with wetting agent to enhance gypsum penetration | |
WO2019113555A1 (en) | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods | |
CA3014729C (en) | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods | |
US20230124489A1 (en) | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods | |
US20210230066A1 (en) | Gypsum panels, systems, and methods | |
EP3909938A1 (en) | Method for making gypsum panels exhibiting increased water resistance |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |