TWI615268B - 整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆 - Google Patents

整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆 Download PDF

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TWI615268B
TWI615268B TW105144011A TW105144011A TWI615268B TW I615268 B TWI615268 B TW I615268B TW 105144011 A TW105144011 A TW 105144011A TW 105144011 A TW105144011 A TW 105144011A TW I615268 B TWI615268 B TW I615268B
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component
assembly
thermal insulation
leading edge
insulation coating
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TW201822993A (zh
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黃茂益
鄧仁壽
章俊文
莊達平
王正煥
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國家中山科學研究院
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Priority to US15/813,343 priority patent/US10913553B2/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/081Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/38Constructions adapted to reduce effects of aerodynamic or other external heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/52Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
    • B64G1/58Thermal protection, e.g. heat shields
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1286Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/543Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B29C66/73754General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being partially cured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18Aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C30/00Supersonic type aircraft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

Description

整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆
本發明係關於一種披覆及其製作方法,特別是關於一種整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆及其製作方法。
有關絕熱披覆之成型與加工,現今主要技術有:(一)絕熱層分件模壓成型後個別加工再膠合組裝;(二)絕熱層胚料預形後表面加工銑平再模壓組合;及(三)纖維布針縫預形體轉注樹脂一體包覆成型等方式。
技術(一)中,以高速飛彈翼翅為例,典型之設計如第一圖示意,主體結構100為金屬骨架,其外披覆絕熱層組件,包括但不限於前緣101、左前側面102A、左後側面102B、右前側面103A、右後側面103B、後緣104、上緣105、下緣106等組件。絕熱層之材料為預浸布,係將纖維布含浸高分子樹脂後烘烤至半固化狀態,依各分件尺寸以特定形狀裁切、積層後,分別用模具施以壓力與溫度固化成型製成絕熱胚件,分別機械加工後再以耐高溫黏著膠膜貼附於金屬主體結構,以提供絕熱保護。其中前緣組件與兩側面組件承受非常嚴苛的氣熱負荷,熟知此領域之技術者均知,需採疊瓦排列方式方能抵 抗高速熱氣流沖蝕,亦即,如第二圖示意,將同一寬度201之材料單元202以固定間距203排列,使纖維布與氣流方向204夾一角度205,以防止絕熱層剝層。此外,為獲得最佳性能,前緣組件與兩側面組件的纖維排列方向不同,必須分開製造。疊瓦積層之厚度206由料寬201與疊瓦間距203控制,以模壓成型,排列必須精準,否則絕熱層品質均一性不佳,故需要高工藝水準及嚴謹的品管程序。其次,絕熱層胚件逐一加工再拼接膠合貼附,須要求加工組配精度,否則各絕熱層之間的縫隙會過大或彼此干涉。此外,絕熱層成型後具備相當剛性,膠合需要求金屬骨架蒙皮之平面度,否則成型壓力亦難以均勻建立,膠層可能局部過厚,試驗顯示,太大的膠層厚度導致較差的結合強度。從性能上來說,技術(一)中,絕熱層之間為拼接,各自獨立,僅各自依賴膠合固定於金屬骨架蒙皮組,各分件邊緣為自由邊(free edge),任務期間側面組件易因高溫下熱應力集中導致脫層及脫膠而剝落。
技術(二)採用與技術(一)類似的材料,前緣組件與側面組件亦為疊瓦排列,不同之處在於絕熱層胚料採低溫預壓然後加工再一體模壓成型於主體結構,降低了模壓成型、壓力釜膠合等道次之成本,但仍未解決主體結構平面度及自由邊高熱應力的問題。此外,為使模壓組合時成型壓力平勻,各胚料係先加工銑至均勻厚度,加工成本不低。
技術(三)試圖藉由針縫防止絕熱層發生層間剝 離,針縫纖維布製成無搭接之預形體,再以轉注成型法將酚醛樹脂灌注製成絕熱披覆,理論上性能可大幅提升。然而,酚樹脂在熟化反應過程中會放出水分及小分子量物質,因樹脂轉注成型採密閉模方式,這些副產物會留在複材中使基材中存在大量封閉式空孔,此孔洞會造成複材之耐溫性與機械性能降低。此外,酚樹脂與金屬之膠合性本就不佳,且預形體與金屬骨架之間不可能密合,樹脂轉注成型後,兩者介面樹脂厚度不均勻且過厚,膠合全然不可靠、樹脂集中嚴重。
為解決上述問題,改善先前技術製造成本高、壓力不均、邊界效應等問題,因此目前業界需要一種創新整合式耐燒蝕絕熱批覆之設計與製程,藉此,消除絕熱層各組件之接縫間隙,減少絕熱層分件數量,以降低成本並提高性能與可靠度。
鑒於上述悉知技術之缺點,本發明之主要目的在於提供一種整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆,以提供披覆良好的包覆性及強度,另可減少組件數量,節省成本且提高可靠度。
為了達到上述目的,根據本發明所提出之一方案,提供一種整合式絕熱披覆,係以高分子複合材料包覆主體結構,其中該高子複合材料包括前緣組件、左側面組件、右側面組件、下緣組件及後緣組件,且至少該前緣組件及側面組件係在半固化的狀態下直接一體成型於該主體結構上,並包覆 該下緣組件及後緣組件,其中該前緣組件與側面組件係疊瓦排列,且接合形式為搭接。
上述中,該前緣組件與該側面組件之搭接設計可為斜搭接、階梯式搭接或其所組成的群組之一;該主體結構與該複數高分子複合材料組件之間包含一黏著膠膜,用以提高附著力。
上述中,該高分子複合材料之基材為酚醛樹脂或橡膠改質酚醛樹脂;該高分子複合材料之加強材係視性能需要選自碳纖維、矽纖維、玻璃纖維、石英纖維、棉布或其所組成的群組之一。藉由該組件的材料與結構特性,於受熱燒蝕分解碳化來阻絕熱量傳入,以保護該主體結構。
本發明提供一種整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆,其中,該前緣組件、左側面組件及右側面組件,係在半固化狀態下,一體膠合成型於主體結構,該方式克服傳統硬板膠合的問題,半固化胚料可接受均勻的成型壓力,排料間距精準度要求較低,品質較易控管。此外,該前緣組件、左側面組件及右側面組件,可以疊瓦斜搭接之方式排列,疊瓦斜搭接不需另外加工即可搭接,並可消除各組件之接縫間隙,提供披覆良好的包覆性及強度。
本發明進一步提供一種該整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,步驟包括:(1)提供一主體結構;(2)將複數高分子複合材料組件組合於該主體結構外表,該複數高分子複合材料 包括前緣組件、右側面組件、左側面組件、下緣組件及後緣組件,至少該前緣組件及該側面組件係在半固化狀態之疊瓦排列胚料,且接合形式為搭接;(3)施以均壓並提供溫度將該複數高分子複合材料組件一體固化成型包覆該主體結構;(4)外表修磨平整。
上述中,在進行步驟(2)之前,先於該主體結構外表貼覆一層半固化狀態之黏著膠膜。其中,該主體結構與該高分子複合材料組件之接合面可先噴砂或打磨處理予以粗化來提高黏著效果,且可視需要在主體結構外表貼覆一黏著膠膜(亦為半固化狀態)以提高附著強度,此情況下,半固化狀態之複合材料組件與膠膜係在相同的成化條件下同時固化成型,即共固化成型。可以用不同溫度或時間分別對該等半固化材料進行預烘烤來調整其物性,使它們適合共固化成型。
上述中,步驟(2)之該搭接面係藉由特別之裁切形狀及疊貼設計,於疊瓦排列後自然形成。該搭接面係利用治具以刀片切割疊瓦積層胚料形成。
上述中,該前緣組件與該側面組件之搭接設計可為斜搭接、階梯式搭接或其所組成的群組之一。該前緣組件之疊瓦積層胚料,係將預浸布裁切成連續帶狀後,以等間距纏繞於一扁平模心再切割取下製成。該前緣組件在組合於該主體結構外表之前,係先進一步置於一熱壓模中,以低於其成化溫度預壓定形。
其中,該前緣組件、左側面組件及右側面組件,係將預浸布材料依特定之形狀裁切成複數相同形狀片狀單元,並以特定方式進行規則性的疊瓦排列,使兩者搭接面無需透過加工即形成斜面,稱之為疊瓦斜搭接,為本發明獨創之搭接方式。
上述中,該左側面組件及右側面組件之疊瓦積層胚料,係將預浸布裁切成連續帶狀後,以等間距纏繞於一扁平狀模心上再切割取下製成。該左側面組件及右側面組件在組合於該主體結構外表之前,係先進一步置於一熱壓模中,以低於其成化溫度預壓定形。
上述中,步驟(2)之前緣組件,亦可以用纏繞法進行半自動化之疊瓦積層,亦即,將預浸材料分條成帶狀後,用具有旋轉機構之裝置或設備,以固定間距纏繞於一扁平狀模心上,切割取下可獲得2件胚料,並可進一步採用熱壓模,以低於該組件之成化(固化)溫度胚料預壓定形;步驟(2)之左側面組件及右側面組件,亦可以用纏繞法進行半自動化之疊瓦積層,並可進一步採用熱壓模,以低於該組件之成化(固化)溫度預壓定形成。此情況下,兩者搭接面無法自然形成斜面,可以藉助治具,使用刀片將側面組件預壓胚料之搭接部位切割成斜面,前緣組件則直接覆蓋該搭接斜面,待整體絕熱披覆固化成型後,再將前緣組件於搭接處之凸起部位磨平。
上述中,步驟(2)之主體結構表面之上緣組件、下 緣組件及後緣組件,可如同先前技術之方式,採平積層或疊瓦方式排列,採用熱壓模,以該組件之成化(固化)溫度熱壓成型,再按照尺寸加工;該上緣組件、下緣組件及後緣組件,亦可以疊瓦積層之方式排列,並可進一步採用熱壓模,以低於該組件之成化(固化)溫度預壓定形,然後用裁刀或沖模切割成預定形狀,再與前緣及側面組件同時固化成型。
上述中,步驟(3)之膠合方式,係採用壓力釜成型膠合。本發明採取前緣組件、左側面組件及右側面組件於半固化狀態下以壓力釜成型,可使各組件及膠合介面接受均勻之成型壓力,可減少組件數量、降低道次、降低成本並可有效製作品質均一的絕熱披覆。
本發明所提供之耐燒蝕絕熱披覆,於風洞吹試最嚴苛條件下之試驗結果,其前緣組件及側面組件均未脫落,吹試後外觀完整無剝層,溫度無陡升的現象,顯示本發明提供之絕熱披覆製作方法,不僅簡便,且具有良好的性能與可靠度。
以上之概述與接下來的詳細說明及附圖,係為了能進一步說明本發明達到預定目的所採取的方式、手段及功效,本發明之範圍不受這些陳述所局限。而有關本發明的其他目的及優點,將在後續的說明及圖式中加以闡述。
S301-S304‧‧‧步驟
100‧‧‧主體結構
101‧‧‧前緣組件
102A‧‧‧左前側面組件
102B‧‧‧左後側面組件
103A‧‧‧右前側面組件
103B‧‧‧右後側面組件
104‧‧‧後緣組件
105‧‧‧上緣組件
106‧‧‧下緣組件
201‧‧‧料寬
202‧‧‧材料單元
203‧‧‧疊瓦排列間距
204‧‧‧氣流方向
205‧‧‧纖維布與氣流方向夾角
206‧‧‧疊瓦積層厚度
400‧‧‧主體結構
401‧‧‧前緣組件
402‧‧‧左側面組件
403‧‧‧右側面組件
404‧‧‧後緣組件
404a‧‧‧後緣組件搭接斜面
405‧‧‧上緣組件
406‧‧‧下緣組件
501‧‧‧前緣組件
502‧‧‧左側面組件
503‧‧‧右側面組件
504‧‧‧階梯搭接段
505‧‧‧斜搭接段
506、507‧‧‧材料單元
508‧‧‧疊瓦排列間距
601‧‧‧側面疊瓦積層總成
601A、601B‧‧‧側面疊瓦積層材料單元
602A、602B‧‧‧側面疊瓦排列間距
603A‧‧‧前側面疊瓦積層總成
603B‧‧‧後側面疊瓦積層總成
603B1‧‧‧後側面疊瓦積層總成分割取半之一
603B2‧‧‧後側面疊瓦積層總成分割取半之二
604‧‧‧分割線
701‧‧‧胚料邊線
702‧‧‧左側面胚料
703‧‧‧右側面胚料
704‧‧‧左側面階梯斜搭接區域
705‧‧‧右側面階梯斜搭接區域
801‧‧‧前緣疊瓦積層材料單元
801a‧‧‧前緣疊瓦積層材料單元對摺
802‧‧‧前緣積層用平板模
803‧‧‧前緣疊瓦積層總成
804‧‧‧前緣胚料
900‧‧‧成品外觀
901‧‧‧成品外觀上視圖
902、903‧‧‧組件介面
1001‧‧‧前緣組件(實施例二)
1002‧‧‧左側面組件(實施例二)
1003‧‧‧右側面組件(實施例二)
1004‧‧‧斜搭接面(實施例二)
1005‧‧‧上緣組件(實施例二)
1006A、1006B‧‧‧下緣組件(實施例二)
1007‧‧‧左側面胚料(實施例二)
1008‧‧‧右側面胚料(實施例二)
1009A、1009B‧‧‧上緣胚料(實施例二)
1010A、1010B‧‧‧下緣胚料(實施例二)
1101‧‧‧先前技術主體結構左側溫度紀錄
1102‧‧‧先前技術主體結構右側溫度紀錄
1103‧‧‧本發明主體結構左側溫度紀錄
1104‧‧‧本發明主體結構右側溫度紀錄
第一圖係為一典型絕熱披覆設計示意圖;第二圖係為疊瓦積層示意圖; 第三圖係為本發明一種耐燒蝕絕熱披覆的製作方法流程圖;第四圖係為本發明一種整合式耐燒蝕絕熱披覆之結構示意圖;第五圖係為本發明疊瓦斜搭接排列示意圖;第六圖係為本發明實施例一之側面組件疊瓦積層胚料設計示意圖;第七圖係為本發明實施例一之側面組件疊瓦積層胚料裁取示意圖;第八圖係為本發明實施例一之前緣組件疊瓦積層胚料製作示意圖;第九圖係為本發明實施例一之絕熱披覆完工外觀示意圖;第十圖係為本發明實施例二之絕熱披覆設計示意圖;第十一圖係為本發明實施例一之絕熱披覆於風洞吹試期間之內部溫度紀錄,與先前技術比較。
以下係藉由特定的具體實例說明本發明之實施方式,熟悉此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地了解本發明之優點及功效。
本發明提供一種整合式絕熱披覆及製作方法,其前緣與側面之組件可採用疊瓦斜搭接技術,此外,本發明的前緣與側面組件,係在半固化狀態下,一體成型固化包覆主體結構,可節省加工成本且提高披覆的強度及可靠度。
請參閱第三圖及第四圖,為本發明一種耐燒蝕絕熱披覆製作方法的流程圖及其結構示意圖。如圖所示,本發明之一種整合式絕熱披覆製作方法,步驟包括:(1)提供一主體結構(步驟S301);(2)將複數高分子複合材料組件組合於該主體結構外表,該複數高分子複合材料包括前緣組件、右側面組件、左側面組件、下緣組件及後緣組件,至少該前緣組件及該側面組件係在半固化狀態之疊瓦排列胚料,且接合形式為搭接(步驟S302);(3)施以均壓並提供溫度將該複數高分子複合材料組件一體固化成型包覆該主體結構(步驟S303);(4)外表修磨平整(步驟S304)。
請參閱第五圖,為本發明疊瓦斜搭接排列示意圖,其中前緣組件501、左側面組件502及右側面組件503係以階梯式斜搭接的方式相接,即搭接面包含階梯搭接段504及一斜搭接段505,前緣組件與兩側面組件係分別用裁切成特定形狀的半固化片狀材料單元506、507以等間距508排列,該特定裁切形狀之設計使前緣組件與兩側面組件之接合介面形成包含該階梯段504及該斜面505之搭接面。以上係假設材料單元506、507料寬相同,故採用相同之排料間距508,亦 可採用不同料寬,則排列間距需相應調整。
實施例一:為製造高速飛彈控制翼之絕熱披覆,主體結構400為不銹鋼骨架,黏著膠膜製備方法為將含有鋁粉之環氧酚膠液均勻塗布於玻璃網格布上,以100~120℃烘烤20~60分鐘。絕熱組件製備:
(a)後緣組件404、上緣組件405及上緣組件406,採用型式1581玻璃纖維編織布含浸MIL-R-9299酚醛樹脂並以100~120℃烘烤20~60分鐘製成纖維體積含量約50~60%之預浸布,剪裁、積層後用模壓成型製作成胚片,再按照尺寸加工,與先前技術之作法相同,故不贅述,唯一不同之處為後緣具有搭接斜面404a。
(b)左側面組件402與右側面組件403,亦採用1581玻璃纖維編織布含浸MIL-R-9299酚醛樹脂之預浸布,因任務期間承受嚴苛的氣熱負荷,熟知此技藝者均知,需採疊瓦方式積層,且最好避免接縫。本發明藉由斜搭接消除接縫,本實施例之設計係使側面組件與前緣組件之接合介面形成包含一階梯504及一斜面505之搭接面,做法係依第六圖將預浸布剪裁成複數材料單元601A、601B,並分別以等間距602A、602B逐一排列成一前側面疊瓦積層總成603A及一後側面疊瓦積層總成603B。將後側面疊瓦積層總成603B沿中線604分割成2等分603B1及603B2,分別組裝於前側面疊瓦積層總成603A之兩端,組成側面疊瓦積層總成 601。可選擇性對側面疊瓦積層總成601稍微施加溫度與壓力使其黏合。接下來參照第七圖,按照邊線701裁切即可獲得左側面胚料702和右側面胚料703,較佳的方式,可使用模板以熱壓機用50℃~100℃施壓,使側面疊瓦積層總成601表面變成平整,再用衝模裁切邊線701獲得左側面胚料702和右側面胚料703。如圖示,左側面胚料702斜邊由疊瓦疊列自然產生階梯斜搭接區域704,即第五圖之搭接介面504及505;右側面胚料703之階梯斜搭接區域705在圖示的背面。
(c)前緣組件401於任務期間承受極高溫度,採用耐溫1000℃以上之石英纖維布含浸MIL-R-9299酚醛樹脂製成之預浸布,亦需採用疊瓦積層。請參考第八圖,將石英纖維預浸布其剪裁成複數材料單元801,對摺成801a以等間距逐一排列於一平板模802形成一前緣疊瓦積層總成803,將前緣疊瓦積層總成803置入模具中,以熱壓機用50℃~100℃施壓定形,脫模後裁切兩端即獲得前緣胚料804,其與左、右側面胚料相接之區域具有相同的階梯斜搭接介面504、505。
以上完成各絕熱組件製作。以下說明組裝方式。 剪裁黏著膠膜貼覆於骨架400之外表,先組合後緣組件404、上緣組件405、上緣組件406,再組合左/右側面胚料702、703,最後組裝前緣胚料804。依真空袋包裝標準作業程序,於各絕 熱組件及胚料外面包覆離形層和吸膠/透氣棉,再包真空袋,使用壓力釜加溫加壓成型固化,全程維持真空度750mmHg以上,升溫至100~120℃加外壓10~20kg/cm2,保溫60~120分鐘後升溫至150~180℃,保溫持壓120分鐘以上,降溫至90℃以下卸壓脫模,修整外觀,搭接部位凸起磨平即完成,外觀如第九圖所示,由上視圖901可清楚瞭解,本發明由於前緣胚料與左、右側面胚料於組裝時仍處於半固化狀態,故介面902、903很容易製作成斜搭接,若以先前技術先固化成型再加工組裝的方式,各組件搭接面都必須以機械加工方式,且必須精準,而前緣與側面之階梯斜搭介面完全不可能以機械加工達成,本發明以半固化胚料直接成型則輕而易舉。此外,製作半固化胚料僅需使用熱壓機數分鐘至數十分鐘,且裁切僅需簡單之工具,無需銑床或線切割等加工設備,可節省大量時間及成本。
實施例二:本實施例應用於熱負荷較實施例一低之環境,故對材料及製程稍加修正,以進一步降低成本。 以下未提及之部分與實施例一相同。前緣組件使用矽纖維布含浸酚醛樹脂製成之預浸布,其他組件為棉布含浸橡膠改質酚醛樹脂預浸材。請參考第十圖,前緣組件1001與左、右側面組件1002、1003之間為斜搭接面1004,左、右側面組件1002、1003向後延伸取代後緣組件,上緣組件1005及下緣組件1006A、1006B與左、右側面組件1002、1003和前緣組件1001為同時固化成型。可從同一份半固化疊瓦積層胚料1006裁取得到左、 右側面胚料1007、1008、上緣胚料1009A、1009B與下緣胚料1010A、1010B。由於橡膠改質酚樹脂與鋼材之膠合狀況良好,故本實施例僅前緣組件與不銹鋼骨架主體結構之間需要環氧酚黏著膠膜。橡膠改質酚樹脂雖耐燒蝕性與高溫強度不如玻璃酚與環氧酚黏著膠膜,但已滿足本實施例之應用。由本實施例可知:(i)可以有不同的搭接方式,例如斜搭接、階梯式搭接及它們的組合;(ii)黏著膠膜並非必要;(iii)絕熱層組件之材料可以有各種不同的組合;(iv)絕熱層組件可合併或任何組合方式。
請參閱第十一圖,為本發明實施例一絕熱披覆於風洞吹試期間內部溫度示意圖。風洞吹試期間,高熱且高速之氣流對前緣與側面組件產生極大沖刷力,以先前技術製造之翼翅總成經常發生側面組件剝落,導致主體結構裸露於高溫環境下而溫度陡升,如左、右側感溫線記錄1101、1102所示。 先前技術之失效起始位置多發生在前緣與側面組件相接之間隙,以本發明技術製造之絕熱披覆無接合間隙,相同條件下吹試後仍外觀完整,前緣組件及側面組件均未脫落,故左、右側面感溫線記錄1103、1104無陡升現象,顯示利用本發明方法製作的整合性絕熱披覆,具有良好的包覆性與可靠度。
上述之實施例僅為例示性說明本發明之特點及功效,非用以限制本發明之實質技術內容的範圍。任何熟悉此技藝之人士均可在不違背發明之精神及範疇下,對上述實施 例進行修飾與變化。因此,本發明之權利保護範圍,應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。
S301-S304‧‧‧步驟

Claims (20)

  1. 一種整合式絕熱披覆,係以高分子複合材料包覆主體結構,其中該高子複合材料包括前緣組件、左側面組件、右側面組件、下緣組件及後緣組件,且至少該前緣組件及側面組件係在半固化的狀態下直接一體成型於該主體結構上,並包覆該下緣組件及後緣組件,其中該前緣組件與側面組件係疊瓦排列,且接合形式為搭接。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該前緣組件與該左側面組件、該右側面組件之搭接設計為斜搭接。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該前緣組件與該左側面組件、該右側面組件之搭接設計為階梯式搭接。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該前緣組件與該左側面組件、該右側面組件之搭接設計為階梯式搭接與斜搭接之組合。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該主體結構與該前緣組件、左側面組件、右側面組件、下緣組件及後緣組件之間包含一黏著膠膜,用以提高附著力。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該高分子複合材料之基材為酚醛樹脂。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該高分子複合材料之基材為橡膠改質酚醛樹脂。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之整合式絕熱披覆,其中,該高分子複合材料之加強材係選自碳纖維、矽纖維、玻璃纖維、石英纖維、棉布或其所組成的群組之一。
  9. 一種如申請專利範圍第1項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,步驟包括:(1)提供一主體結構;(2)將複數高分子複合材料組件組合於該主體結構外表,該複數高分子複合材料包括前緣組件、右側面組件、左側面組件、下緣組件及後緣組件,且至少該前緣組件及該左側面組件、該右側面組件係在半固化狀態之疊瓦排列胚料,且接合形式為搭接;(3)施以均壓並提供溫度將該複數高分子複合材料組件一體固化成型包覆該主體結構;(4)外表修磨平整。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,在進行步驟(2)之前,先於該主體結構外表貼覆一層半固化狀態之黏著膠膜。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,在貼覆該黏著膠膜之前,該前緣組件、該左側 面組件、該右側面組件及該黏著膠膜係以不同溫度或時間進行預烘烤來調整物性,使它們適合共固化成型。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件及該左側面組件、該右側面組件搭接之面係藉由特別之裁切形狀及疊貼設計,於疊瓦排列後自然形成。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件及該左側面組件、該右側面組件搭接之面係利用治具以刀片切割疊瓦積層胚料形成。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件與該左側面組件、該右側面組件之搭接設計為斜搭接。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件與該左側面組件、該右側面組件之搭接設計為階梯式搭接。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件與該左側面組件、該右側面組件之搭接設計為階梯式搭接與斜搭接之組合。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件之疊瓦積層胚料,係將預浸布裁切成連續帶狀後,以等間距纏繞於一扁平模心再切割取下製成。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該前緣組件在組合於該主體結構外表之前,係先進一步置於一熱壓模中,以低於其成化溫度預壓定形。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該左側面組件及右側面組件之疊瓦積層胚料,係將預浸布裁切成連續帶狀後,以等間距纏繞於一扁平狀模心上再切割取下製成。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述整合式絕熱披覆之製作方法,其中,該左側面組件及右側面組件在組合於該主體結構外表之前,係先進一步置於一熱壓模中,以低於其成化溫度預壓定形。
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