TWI607816B - Laser beam auxiliary illumination system for increasing powder efficiency and method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization rate and method thereof

The present disclosure relates to a powder coating or cladding process technology, and more particularly to a laser beam assisted illumination system and method for increasing powder utilization.

Laser Cladding and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) can be used with 5D or Robot transfer for 3D surface printing, coating and repair, suitable for a small variety The high unit price of customized products.

The laser coating process technology or the laser metal cladding process technology is applied to the surface of the workpiece material to provide metal powder by covering or dusting, and by the thermal effect of the laser light, the high temperature melting is caused to produce metallurgical changes, thereby achieving the surface. The effect of the melt coating is actually applied to the surface of the workpiece material coated with a metal material that is resistant to wear or corrosion. However, in the current laser coating process technology or laser metal cladding process technology, there are some problems, such as the metal material is not easy to adhere due to the smooth surface of the material, which will cause powder splash during the cladding process, and the powder cannot be lifted. Utilization (powder In addition, when the curved surface or the inclined surface is processed, the powder is also difficult to adhere due to the contact area being too small, and the powder utilization rate is also low.

Although it has been proposed to produce different degrees of roughness on the metal surface by means of sand blasting, the efficiency of laser welding is improved, but this will increase the cost. Or, it has been proposed that after the laser light or arc of the split light is used to bring the metal surface to a different temperature range, the laser processing will produce different processing efficiencies, but the method is to regulate the heating range, which will lead to additional energy consumption. . Or, it has been proposed to build a laser processing confined space, and reduce the atmospheric pressure in the space, and then laser processing to improve processing efficiency, but this method will also increase the cost.

It can be seen from the above that the current laser coating process or the laser metal cladding process has the defect of low powder utilization rate, and the known solutions all lead to cost increase, and if a method for improving the utilization rate of the powder can be found In particular, the existing equipment can be used without additional equipment, so that the cost is not increased, which is a technical problem that is urgently solved by those skilled in the art.

The present disclosure proposes a laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization, which is disposed in a laser processing machine to provide pretreatment of the workpiece before laser cladding, and the laser beam assisted illumination for increasing powder utilization. The system includes a receiving module, a processing module, and a control module. The receiving module receives the pre-sweep setting of the external input, and the processing module generates the pre-processing parameters of the workpiece and the output parameters of the laser beam emitted by the laser processing machine by the pre-sweep setting, the control mode The group adjusts the output parameter according to the output parameter Output of the laser beam, and controlling the movement of the laser beam according to the pre-processing parameter to perform pre-treatment of the workpiece before the laser cladding, so that the surface of the workpiece is molten or the workpiece is processed The surface roughness changes.

The present disclosure further provides a laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization for providing pretreatment of a workpiece prior to laser cladding, the method comprising: receiving a pre-sweep setting of an external input; generating from the pre-sweep setting a pre-processing parameter of the workpiece and an output parameter of the laser beam emitted by the laser processing machine; adjusting an output of the laser beam according to the output parameter; and controlling movement of the laser beam according to the pre-processing parameter The surface of the workpiece produces a molten pool or changes in the surface roughness of the workpiece.

Compared with the prior art, the laser beam assisted illumination system and method for increasing powder utilization proposed by the present disclosure use a laser beam to assist the illumination of the workpiece, and control the energy parameters and path position of the laser beam in the workpiece. The surface is caused by the molten pool or the roughness change, so as to achieve the change of the powder adhesion rate on the surface of the workpiece, so that the powder utilization rate during the laser cladding processing is improved, in particular, the powder is not easily recovered in the powder coating process. Reuse, so only the powder utilization rate can be improved to solve the problem of material waste. The present disclosure increases the contact area between the powder and the surface of the workpiece by changing the surface characteristics and roughness of the workpiece, or increases the retention of the powder on the surface of the workpiece. Time, this will help to improve the utilization of the powder, thereby reducing the cost of manufacturing.

1‧‧‧Laser beam assisted illumination system

11‧‧‧ receiving module

12‧‧‧Processing module

13‧‧‧Control Module

200‧‧‧Pre-sweep settings

31‧‧‧Original processing range

32, 33‧‧‧ Pre-sweep range

501, 502, 503‧‧ pictures

504‧‧‧ line

71‧‧‧Processing head

72‧‧‧ nozzle

73‧‧‧Processing area

74‧‧‧ Path

75‧‧‧Laser beam

76‧‧‧Metal powder

77‧‧‧ gas

S61~S64‧‧‧Steps

Figure 1 is a laser beam assisted by this method for increasing powder utilization. Schematic diagram of the illumination system; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser beam assisted illumination of the workpiece of the present disclosure; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pre-sweep range of the laser beam assisted illumination of the workpiece of the disclosure; 4A- The 4D diagram is a schematic diagram of the pre-sweep path of the laser beam assisted illumination of the disclosed workpiece; the fifth diagram is the difference diagram of the workpiece under different treatment states; and the sixth diagram is the increased powder utilization rate of the disclosure. A step diagram of a laser beam assisted illumination method; and a seventh diagram is a partial schematic view of the laser processing machine of the present disclosure.

The technical contents of the present disclosure are described in the following specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and effects of the disclosure by the contents disclosed in the specification. However, the disclosure may also be implemented or applied by other different embodiments.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization according to the present disclosure. As shown, the laser beam assisted illumination system 1 can be disposed in a laser processing machine for providing pre-treatment of the workpiece prior to laser cladding, wherein the laser beam assisted illumination system 1 includes a receiving module. 11. The processing module 12 and the control module 13.

The receiving module 11 receives the pre-sweep setting 200 of the external input. Firstly, in order to enable the laser processing machine to perform the pre-treatment of the workpiece before laser cladding, the laser beam-assisted illumination system 1 must be given the pre-treatment design. It is used to control how the laser processing machine performs pre-treatment of the workpiece before laser cladding.

The processing module 12 generates pre-processing parameters of the workpiece and output parameters of the laser beam emitted by the laser processing machine by the pre-scan setting 200. As previously mentioned, the laser beam is required to assist the illumination system 1 with respect to the pre-processing settings, so that the processing module 12 generates the relevant parameters through the pre-scan setting 200, including pre-processing parameters for the workpiece, such as laser beam to the workpiece. The pre-sweep range, the pre-sweep path or the moving speed, and the energy of the laser beam emitted by the laser processing machine on the workpiece, such as the beam diameter, focus position or processing power of the laser beam.

The control module 13 adjusts the output of the laser beam according to the output parameter, and controls the movement of the laser beam according to the pre-processing parameter to perform pre-processing of the workpiece before the laser cladding, so that the processing The surface of the piece produces a molten pool or changes the surface roughness of the workpiece, wherein the output parameter is used to adjust the output of the laser beam, including the pre-sweep range of the laser beam, and the pre-sweep path to be performed by the laser beam. And the speed at which the laser beam moves. In addition, pre-processing parameters are used to control the movement of the laser beam, including the beam diameter, focus position or processing power of the laser beam.

Thereby, the laser beam is emitted to the selected area on the workpiece to perform the pre-treatment of the workpiece before the laser cladding, the purpose of which is to create a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, or to make the surface of the workpiece The roughness changes. Accordingly, the formation of a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece can contribute to the adhesion of the metal powder, and further, by increasing the roughness, the metal powder sprayed by the laser cladding can be more easily attached to the surface of the workpiece.

The aforementioned output parameters may include the beam diameter, focus position or processing power of the laser beam. In the specific implementation, the energy range of the laser beam can be 50~150% of the original processing energy, the beam diameter of the laser beam can be 0.5~3 mm (mm), and the focus position of the laser beam can be the workpiece The surface is in the range of +/- 10 mm, that is, in the range of 10 mm above or below the surface.

The aforementioned pre-processing parameters include a pre-scan range of the laser beam, a pre-sweep path or a moving speed. In the specific implementation, the pre-scan range of the laser beam is within +/-1~5mm of the original processing range, the moving speed of the laser beam can be 5~100mm/sec, and the pre-sweep path of the laser beam can be one-way. , two-way, return type, z-shaped path with 0 to 360 degrees of rotation.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of performing laser beam assisted illumination on the workpiece of the present disclosure. As shown in the figure, the surface of the workpiece can be any free surface. If no pretreatment is performed, the original surface is a smooth surface. If laser cladding is directly performed, the metal powder sprayed on the surface is easy to splash or The adhesion is not easy, and the present disclosure proposes to pretreat the processing area of the laser cladding.

First, after determining the processing area of the laser cladding after the laser processing, and performing the pretreatment of the laser beam assisted illumination on the processing area, the surface of the workpiece after the pre-sweeping will become rough or create a molten pool, wherein the molten pool It means that the base material of the workpiece is melted into a pool shape due to the heat of welding. After pretreatment, the adhesion of the metal powder is improved, and if the laser metal cladding process is performed in this case, the utilization rate of the metal powder will be improved.

Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of the pre-sweep range of the laser beam assisted illumination performed on the workpiece of the present disclosure. The pre-scan range based on the laser beam is The original processing range is +/-1~5mm. As shown in the figure, the original processing range 31 is the processing area for performing the laser metal cladding process. At this time, the pre-scan range of the laser beam is the boundary of the original processing range 31. Add/subtract 1~5mm, as shown in the smaller pre-scan range 32 or the larger pre-scan range 33.

The disclosure proposes that the pre-sweep range can be set according to requirements, and the energy consumption is required to perform heating on the entire workpiece, and the disclosure only performs the pre-preparation within a specific range of the original processing area or the processing area slightly larger or slightly smaller. Processing can reduce the energy consumption of the pre-processing program.

Please refer to FIG. 4A-4D for a schematic diagram of a pre-sweep path for performing laser beam-assisted illumination for the workpiece of the present disclosure. As shown in the figure, each pattern shows different pre-sweep paths, Figure 4A is a unidirectional pre-sweep path, Figure 4B is a bi-directional pre-sweep path, and Figure 4C is a retro-type pre-sweep path, Figure 4D Pre-sweep the path for the zigzag. Different ways of pre-sweeping paths can be combined with a rotation angle of 0 to 360 degrees.

It can be seen from the above that the pre-sweep path of the laser beam of the present disclosure can also be selected according to the requirements of execution, so as to control the laser beam to perform laser beam-assisted illumination with different types of scanning paths, so in the pre-sweep setting The settings for the pre-sweep path will be included.

Please refer to Figure 5 for the difference diagram of the workpiece in different processing states. Picture 501 is the surface of the raw material that has not been pretreated, picture 502 is the surface of the material that has been pretreated by sand blasting, and picture 503 is the surface of the raw material that performs the pretreatment of the present disclosure. As shown in the figure, after the laser pre-sweeping, the surface of the workpiece has a large molten pool range, and the cladding strength is also strong, as shown by the line 504 in the figure, after the laser is pre-swept. Large pool range In the range of molten pools where pretreatment or sandblasting pretreatment is not performed.

It can be seen from the above that the present invention uses a laser beam to perform pre-scanning of the pre-processing path, and adjusts the power of the laser beam, the focus position, the processing speed, the processing path and the like, thereby adjusting the surface characteristics of the workpiece, that is, melting. The pool or roughness changes. In particular, the laser pre-scan is only for the pre-machining range, so that the auxiliary machining can be performed accurately without affecting the non-machining zone. Therefore, the present disclosure is assisted by laser irradiation to achieve an increase in powder utilization rate during the laser cladding process, thereby reducing the problem of waste caused by material splashing.

Please refer to FIG. 6 for a step-by-step diagram of the laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization of the present disclosure. In particular, a laser beam assisted illumination method that increases powder utilization can be used to provide pretreatment of the workpiece prior to laser cladding, the detailed steps being as follows.

In step S61, the pre-sweep setting of the external input is received. In the specific implementation, according to the requirements, before the laser cladding process is performed, the pretreatment is performed on the processing area of the workpiece, so the pre-sweep setting for performing the pre-processing, that is, the relevant laser beam and the processing region, must be given first. Set values such as size or range.

In step S62, the pre-processing parameters of the workpiece and the output parameters of the laser beam emitted by the laser processing machine are generated by the pre-scan setting. In particular, the pre-sweep settings can be analyzed to obtain pre-machined parameters for the workpiece and the output parameters of the laser beam, wherein the output parameters can include the beam diameter, focus position or machining power of the laser beam. And the pre-processing parameters include a pre-sweep range of the laser beam, a pre-sweep path or a movement speed.

In step S63, the output of the laser beam is adjusted according to the output parameter. In this step, the output of the laser beam is adjusted according to the output parameter, that is, the laser beam is adjusted to meet the pre-processing conditions, including the beam diameter of the laser beam, the focus position of the laser beam, and the processing power of the laser beam. .

For example, the processing power of the laser beam may be 50 to 150% of the original processing energy, and the focusing position of the laser beam may be within 10 mm of the surface of the workpiece.

In step S64, the movement of the laser beam is controlled according to the pre-processing parameter to cause a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece or to change a surface roughness of the workpiece. Specifically, this step controls the movement of the laser beam according to the pre-processing parameters, that is, controls the moving direction and range of the laser beam, so that the laser beam assisted illumination can meet the requirements of the pre-processing, including the laser beam. Pre-sweep range, pre-sweep path of the laser beam, and moving speed of the laser beam.

For example, the pre-scan range of the laser beam is plus/minus 1~5 mm of the original processing range of the workpiece, and the pre-sweep path of the laser beam is a one-way, two-way, back-shaped, z-shaped path and Rotate at an angle of 0 to 360 degrees.

In addition, the laser processing machine can provide the laser beam through a laser cladding head, and the laser cladding head provides metal powder and/or a required gas when the workpiece is subjected to the laser cladding.

The present disclosure proposes a laser beam pre-sweeping mechanism to cause a molten pool or a surface roughness to be changed on the surface of the workpiece, thereby improving powder utilization. In the pre-sweeping process of setting the laser beam to the pre-machining path, the surface topography is not changed in any range, and the unnecessary energy consumption can be reduced, so that the powder utilization rate can be improved, and the pre-processing procedure can be completed in an accurate manner. .

It can be obtained experimentally that the tilt angle of the laser beam is 30 degrees, the moving speed is 5 mm/s, the laser beam is 1600 W, the powder disk speed is 2 RPM, the load gas is 4 SLM, and the shielding gas is (Shielding gas) Performs a laser cladding process under conditions such as 10SLM. The pretreatment will help to improve the powder utilization rate.

As shown in Table 1 below, it indicates the powder coating in the case of pre-treatment and pretreatment under different conditions. Among them, A indicates direct overcoating in general, B indicates direct mulching after surface blasting, and C indicates pre-sweeping after 1600W. Draped at 1600W, D means 1200W after pre-sweeping 1000W, and E means 1200W after pre-sweeping 2000W.

The utilization rate can be obtained by the following formula: utilization rate = drape amount / dusting amount = Weight difference / (weight difference + surrounding powder).

It can be seen from Table 1 that after the pre-sweeping and then performing the laser cladding process (C, D and E), the obtained powder utilization rate is better than that obtained by the unpretreatment or sandblasting pretreatment.

In addition, a special rough surface can be produced under special laser parameters such as bath temperature/laser power/weld diameter. Table 2 below lists the roughness obtained under different laser powers, different measurement points, and multiple measurements.

Among them, the tilt angle of the laser beam is 0 degree, the moving speed is 10 mm/s, the processing power is 1.5KW/2KW/2.5KW/3KW, respectively, and the roughness Ra of the raw material approaches 1 (Ra) 1) Performing a laser cladding process under the same conditions, it can be obtained that the pretreatment helps to change the roughness.

It can be seen from Table 2 that the laser cladding process is performed after pre-sweeping. Under different processing powers (1.5KW/2KW/2.5KW/3KW), the surface roughness after pre-sweeping is greater than the surface roughness without pretreatment. degree.

The disclosure also proposes a laser processing machine having a laser cladding head for providing a laser beam, and the laser processing machine is provided with the aforementioned laser beam auxiliary illumination system, thereby performing processing of the laser beam Pre-pretreatment, including receiving a pre-sweep setting of an external input, the pre-machining parameter of the workpiece and the output parameter of the laser beam are generated by the pre-sweep setting, and the laser cladding head is controlled according to the pre-processing parameter Moving and adjusting the output of the laser beam according to the output parameter to perform pre-treatment of the workpiece before the laser cladding, causing a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece or changing the surface roughness of the workpiece .

The foregoing laser cladding head provides metal powder when the workpiece is subjected to the laser cladding, or can provide a gas required for laser cladding, such as a shielding gas and/or a load gas, through a laser cladding head. .

Please refer to FIG. 7 for a partial schematic view of the laser processing machine of the present disclosure. Specifically, the laser processing machine described herein mainly integrates a laser light source, a powder feeding machine, a coaxial powder processing head, a control software body, and a laser composite controller to construct an executable laser. Laser processing machine for coating process or laser metal cladding process. Since the present disclosure focuses on the pre-treatment before the laser cladding process, only the structure related to the present disclosure is shown in the drawings.

As shown, the laser beam 75 can be directed toward the workpiece via the processing head 71, and the front end of the processing head 71 is coupled to the nozzle 72. When pre-processing is performed, the processing region 73 can be selected as a pre-processing range by the workpiece, wherein the path 74 can be selected such that the laser beam 75 performs laser beam-assisted illumination on the workpiece along the path 74 to produce a surface of the workpiece. The bath or its roughness changes.

Thereafter, when performing the laser cladding process, the laser cladding head includes a processing head 71 and a nozzle 72, except that the laser beam 75 is ejected from the nozzle 72 through the processing head 71, the metal powder 76 and the gas 77 required for cladding. Both can be ejected through the nozzle 72, which is a laser cladding process related technology, and therefore will not be described again. It can be seen that the pre-processing proposed by the present disclosure can be performed by using existing equipment without adding other equipment, so that the powder utilization rate can be improved without excessive additional cost.

In summary, the laser beam assisted illumination system and method for increasing powder utilization of the present disclosure use a laser beam pre-sweep to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece material or change the surface roughness without affecting the non-processed area. The surface quality is better than the sandblasting process which is difficult to control. In addition, the use of the laser beam pre-sweep can effectively control the molten pool on the surface of the material or change the degree of surface roughness, and thus is superior to the artificial sandblasting process which is difficult to control the roughness. .

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the disclosure and its functions, and are not intended to limit the disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can modify and change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be as set forth in the scope of the patent application described later.

S61~S64‧‧‧Steps

Claims (24)

A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization, comprising: a receiving module for receiving a pre-sweep setting of an external input; and a processing module for generating pre-processing parameters of the workpiece and the laser processing machine by the pre-sweep setting The output parameter of the laser beam emitted by the station; and the control module, the output of the laser beam is adjusted according to the output parameter, and the movement of the laser beam is controlled according to the pre-processing parameter to execute the workpiece on the laser The pre-crushing pretreatment produces a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece or changes the surface roughness of the workpiece. A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 1 wherein the output parameter comprises a beam diameter, a focus position or a processing power of the laser beam. A laser beam assisted illumination system that increases powder utilization as described in claim 2, wherein the processing power of the laser beam is 50 to 150% of the original processing energy. A laser beam assisted illumination system that increases powder utilization as described in claim 2, wherein the laser beam has a focus position within 10 mm above or below the surface of the workpiece. A laser beam assisted illumination system that increases powder utilization as described in claim 2, wherein the laser beam has a beam diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm. A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 1 wherein the pre-processing parameter comprises a pre-sweep range, a pre-sweep path or a moving speed of the laser beam. The laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing the powder utilization rate as described in claim 6 of the patent application, wherein the pre-scan range of the laser beam is plus/minus 1~5 mm of the original processing range of the workpiece. A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 6 of the patent application, wherein the pre-sweep path of the laser beam is a one-way, two-way, back-type, Z-shaped path with 0-360 The angle of rotation. A laser beam assisted illumination system that increases powder utilization as described in claim 6 of the patent application, wherein the laser beam has a moving speed of 5 to 100 mm/sec. A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 1 wherein the laser processing machine further comprises a laser cladding head for providing the laser beam. A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 10, wherein the laser cladding head provides metal powder when the workpiece is subjected to the laser cladding. A laser beam assisted illumination system for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 10, wherein the laser cladding head performs a gas required for the laser cladding to be performed on the workpiece. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization for providing pretreatment of a workpiece prior to laser cladding, the method package Included: receiving a pre-sweep setting of the external input; generating, by the pre-sweep setting, a pre-processing parameter of the workpiece and an output parameter of the laser beam emitted by the laser processing machine; and adjusting an output of the laser beam according to the output parameter; And controlling the movement of the laser beam according to the pre-processing parameter to cause a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece or to change a surface roughness of the workpiece. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 13 wherein the output parameter comprises a beam diameter, a focus position or a processing power of the laser beam. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization rate as described in claim 14 wherein the processing power of the laser beam is 50 to 150% of the original processing energy. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization according to claim 14, wherein the laser beam has a focus position within 10 mm above or below the surface of the workpiece. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 14 wherein the laser beam has a beam diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization according to claim 13 wherein the pre-processing parameter comprises a pre-sweep range, a pre-sweep path or a moving speed of the laser beam. Increase the powder utilization rate as described in item 18 of the patent application scope The laser beam assisted illumination method, wherein the pre-scan range of the laser beam is plus/minus 1~5 mm of the original processing range of the workpiece. The laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization rate as described in claim 18, wherein the pre-sweep path of the laser beam is a one-way, two-way, return type, zigzag path and cooperate with 0~ 360 degree angle rotation. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization rate as described in claim 18, wherein the laser beam has a moving speed of 5 to 100 mm/sec. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 13 wherein the laser processing machine supplies the laser beam through a laser cladding head. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 22, wherein the laser cladding head provides metal powder when the workpiece is subjected to the laser cladding. A laser beam assisted illumination method for increasing powder utilization as described in claim 22, wherein the laser cladding head performs a gas required for the laser cladding to perform the laser cladding.