CN110373666A - A kind of synchronous cladding apparatus of the electromagnetism auxiliary laser that is remanufactured for metal parts and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device and method for remanufacturing of metal parts, including a six-degree-of-freedom actuator, a laser, an electromagnetic induction heater, a powder sprayer and a workbench, and the workbench is used for The workpiece to be processed is placed, the powder sprayer is used to spray metal powder on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the laser is installed at the end of the six-degree-of-freedom actuator, and the laser is used to generate high-energy laser. The metal powder on the surface of the workpiece is clad. The electromagnetic induction heater includes an induction coil and an induction power supply for powering the induction coil. The induction coil is made of a hollow metal tube, and cooling water is passed through the hollow metal tube for cooling. The induction coil is installed Below the laser, it is used to generate eddy current on the surface of the workpiece for auxiliary cladding. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, fast cladding rate, high powder utilization rate and wide range of cladding materials.

Description

An electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device for metal parts remanufacturing and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of remanufacturing of metal parts, relates to a device for remanufacturing and repairing parts using lasers, and in particular to an electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device and method for remanufacturing of metal parts.

Background technique

The remanufacturing methods of metal parts mainly include arc surfacing repair technology, thermal spray repair technology, brush plating repair technology, laser cladding repair technology, etc. When the arc surfacing repair technology is used, when the melting point and thermal conductivity of the two metals differ greatly, the welding heat-affected zone is wide, the weld quality is poor, and large welding stress and deformation are generated; when the thermal spraying method is used, the coating and the substrate are difficult. Form a metallurgical bond, easy to peel off during use.

Laser cladding technology is a process that uses a high-energy-density laser beam to melt the surface coating of the workpiece to be processed to form a cladding layer that has a metallurgical bond with the substrate to improve the surface properties of the workpiece. Laser cladding technology has the advantages of uniform and dense cladding layer structure, small heat-affected zone, low dilution rate, high bonding strength, and various cladding layer components. It has broad applications in the remanufacturing process of iron-based metal parts in the aerospace and automotive fields. Application prospect.

However, laser cladding technology also has some disadvantages, such as expensive laser processing equipment and cracks in the cladding layer. Add induction heating cladding technology to preheat the substrate, reduce the cooling rate of the cladding layer and the temperature gradient between the surface of the substrate, which can make up for the shortcomings of insufficient laser cladding energy and unfavorable heat source distribution, and is easy to form a metallurgical bond , is a simple and effective way to eliminate cracks.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device and metal parts remanufacturing method for remanufacturing of metal parts to solve the technical problem of remanufacturing of large complex curved surface parts. The cladding layer of this method produces pores and cracks The probability of the surface is greatly reduced and the surface quality is improved. The implementation device provided by the invention has strong versatility, and the induction cladding and laser cladding are carried out synchronously, and can realize point-type continuous movement.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

An electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device for remanufacturing metal parts, including a six-degree-of-freedom actuator, a laser, an electromagnetic induction heater, a powder sprayer, and a workbench, wherein the workbench is used to place the The workpiece to be processed, the powder sprayer is used to spray metal powder on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the laser is installed at the end of the six-degree-of-freedom actuator, and the laser is used to generate high-energy laser light that is opposed to the metal on the surface of the workpiece on the workbench Powder cladding, the electromagnetic induction heater includes an induction coil and an induction power supply for powering the induction coil, the induction coil is made of a hollow metal tube, and cooling water is passed through the hollow metal tube for cooling, and the induction coil is installed under the laser , used to generate eddy current on the surface of the workpiece for auxiliary cladding.

As an improvement, the induction coil is made of a square copper tube, and the bottom of the square copper tube wraps one turn to form an induction coil, and one turn at the bottom of the square copper tube is provided with a passage for the laser to pass through.

As an improvement, the square copper tube is fixed on the bottom of the laser through a fixed copper sheet. The fixed copper sheet is provided with a protective gas pipe for blowing high-pressure gas to the laser. The other end of the protective gas pipe is connected to a high-pressure gas source or a protective gas pump.

As an improvement, the worktable is a numerical control automatic turning table.

As an improvement, a magnetically concentrating U-shaped iron core is provided at the bottom of the induction coil, and a small hole for laser light is provided in the middle of the U-shaped iron core.

As an improvement, the U-shaped iron core is made of zinc-manganese alloy material.

An electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding method for metal parts reconstruction using the above-mentioned electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Step 1. Place the workpiece to be repaired on the workbench;

Step 2, using a powder sprayer to spray metal powder for repair on the surface of the workpiece to be repaired;

Step 3. Start the laser and the electromagnetic induction heater, and use the six-degree-of-freedom actuator to drive the laser and the electromagnetic induction heater to move to cladding and repairing the metal powder on the surface of the workpiece;

Step 4. After the cladding is completed, the workpiece is cooled and then polished to complete the metal parts reconstruction.

As an improvement, the induction coil is made of a square copper tube. During the cladding process in step 3, cooling water is passed through the square copper tube to prevent the square copper tube from overheating.

As an improvement, in the cladding process of step 3, a shielding gas pipe is installed under the laser, and a shielding gas pump is installed at the other end of the shielding gas pipe, and the shielding gas pump is used to supply high-pressure gas to blow away splashes to protect the laser lens.

As an improvement, in the cladding process of step 3, the workpiece is first preheated by the electromagnetic induction heater to maintain a stable preheating temperature, and then the laser is used for cladding.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The above scheme realizes electromagnetic-assisted laser cladding with zero time difference, which improves the efficiency of cladding processing. The induction coil is located at the front end of the laser processing direction, and the heating range is large, which can realize the preheating treatment of the substrate and powder coating , which reduces the cooling rate of the cladding layer and the temperature gradient between the surface of the substrate and is a simple and effective method to obtain a crack-free and pore-free coating.

2. The effect of the induced magnetic field can change the convection and mass transfer process of the melt in the laser molten pool, which is helpful for the diffusion of alloying elements and promotes the formation of carbides. The Lorentz force in the magnetic field can inhibit the movement of the metal solution in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, change the movement direction of the solution, uniform the chemical composition, optimize the microstructure of the coating, and then improve the mechanical properties of the coating. With the cooperation of reasonable laser and induction process parameters, the discontinuous phenomenon and surface corrugation can be significantly improved.

3. The induction coil and the laser used as the auxiliary heater of the present invention are integrated on one processing device, which has a simple structure and does not require the motion synthesis of two separate devices, and the induction coil is a tiny planar action type, which is different from most patents. The ring-shaped induction coil can achieve point-type continuous motion through the actuator, which is suitable for the additive manufacturing of metal parts.

4. The present invention couples the laser and the high-frequency electromagnetic induction heater together, realizes laser induction synchronous cladding, and makes up for the disadvantages of unfavorable distribution of heat sources in simple laser cladding, excessive temperature gradient changes, and easy cracks. The device includes a six-degree-of-freedom actuator, a laser, a high-frequency induction heater, a turning table and a cooling device. The device of the invention is integrated on a six-degree-of-freedom actuator, has simple structure and strong versatility, and can perform laser induction synchronous cladding high-performance material coating surface treatment on complex curved surfaces of large molds in space. Pre-powdering or powder spraying is adopted to realize synchronous induction heating of laser cladding. After induction preheating, the powder melts under the action of the laser beam to form an alloy layer with better hardness and wear resistance. The cladding rate is fast, the powder utilization rate is high, and the cladding materials are applicable to a wide range, including various wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, high-temperature oxidation-resistant materials or composite materials. Repair and remanufacture of iron-based metal parts such as front axle molds.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the laser and the induction coil.

Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the induction coil.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the induction coil.

Reference signs: 1-six degrees of freedom actuator, 2-laser power supply, 3-induction power supply, 4-water tank, 5-water pump, 6-laser, 7-induction coil, 8-U-shaped iron core, 9-to-be-processed Mold, 10-NC automatic turning table, 11-shielding gas pump, 12-square copper tube, 13-fixed copper sheet, 14-coaxial cable, 15-small hole, 16-shielding gas tube.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, an electromagnetic-assisted laser synchronous cladding device for metal parts remanufacturing mainly consists of a six-degree-of-freedom actuator 1, a laser 6, a laser power supply 2, an induction coil 7, and an induction power supply 3 , powder sprayer, CNC automatic turning table 10, workpiece fixture, water tank 4, water pump 5 and protective air pump 11. The six-degree-of-freedom actuator 1 can be a robot, a robot arm or a six-degree-of-freedom machine tool, and its end can move arbitrarily within a certain range of three-dimensional space. A specific embodiment can use a six-axis robot; the laser 6 is fixed At the end of the six-degree-of-freedom actuator 1, the laser 6 is connected to the laser power supply 2 through wires. The bottom of the laser 6 is provided with a side bracket for fixing the induction coil 7. In this embodiment, the side bracket is made of a fixed copper sheet 13 , the plastic gas pipe fixed on the side bracket as the protective gas pipe 16 is connected to the protective gas pump 11, and the induction coil 7 is fixed on the bottom of the side bracket through insulating bolts and is located directly below the laser 6; the laser power supply 2 and the induction power supply 3 are placed on Next to the six-degree-of-freedom actuator 1, it is connected to the power cabinet; the induction coil 7 is fixed directly below the laser 6, the induction coil 7 is made of a square copper tube 12, and is wound into a turn at the bottom, and the U-shaped iron core 8 is fixed on the The bottom of the induction coil 7 is used for magnetic concentration, so that the induction coil 7 generates eddy currents on the surface of the metal workpiece directly below it, so as to conduct electricity and assist cladding. There is a small hole 15 for the laser to pass through on the U-shaped iron core 8; The powder sprayer is a separate device, which can mix powder and binder and spray it on the surface to be processed. The specific shape and model of the powder sprayer are not limited. The mature products in the existing technology are used, as long as the metal powder can be spread on the metal workpiece The surface is final; the numerical control automatic turning table 10 is placed below the laser device 6 to fix the workpiece and adjust the pose, and the numerical control automatic turning table 10 is provided with a workpiece fixture (not shown) for clamping the workpiece; the The water pump 5 is placed in the water tank 4, and the water pump 5 is connected to one end of the square copper pipe 12 through a plastic hose; the water tank 4 is filled with cooling water, and the water pump 5 pumps water into one end of the copper pipe of the induction coil 7, and the other end is discharged Back in the water tank 4, the square copper tube 12 is cooled by circulation; the shielding gas pump 11 generates high-pressure gas to blow away splashes at the lower part of the laser 6 to protect the laser lens.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the CNC automatic turning table 10 adopts a conventional turning workbench in the prior art, and the table top is mainly driven by two motors, on which parts to be remanufactured are fixed, and the angle adjustment of plus or minus 90 degrees can be carried out, so that Satisfy the posture requirements of complex surface cladding of large molds (of course, for plate-type regular parts, there is no need for flip function, and the cladding of parts can be completed without automatic flip).

The induction coil 7 is connected with the induction power supply 3 by a coaxial cable 14, the induction power supply 3 provides an induction current of 10-40KHz, and the U-shaped iron core 8 is mainly made of zinc-manganese alloy material for gathering the magnetic field.

The induction coil 7 is welded with a square copper tube, the cooling water is hollow, and it is in the form of a single turn. The two ends are respectively connected with a cooling water pipe and a cable. The induction coil 7 is fixed directly below the laser 6, and the laser beam can pass through the magnet on the The small holes 15 shine onto the prefabricated layer.

The inventive method adopts the following steps to realize:

(1) Use the workpiece fixture to fix the workpiece to be processed on the CNC automatic turning table 10, and adjust the position and posture of the CNC automatic turning table 10 according to the position of the profile to be processed, so that the surface to be processed is within the range of the processing stroke.

(2) Select a suitable material such as Ni60 according to the surface hardness and wear resistance of the mold required to be processed, and mix the alloy powder and binder evenly and spray it on the surface to be processed. The thickness of the prefabricated layer powder is generally between 0.5mm and 1mm. between.

(3) According to the type of material, the geometric characteristic parameters of the curved surface, etc., preset the frequency parameters of the induction power supply 3, generally 10-40KHz; select the power of the laser power supply 2, generally 2-4Kw; select the cladding speed, generally 2-4Kw 2-5mm/s; select the gap between the induction coil 7 and the powder, generally 0.5-2mm; set the process parameters.

(4) Adjust the initial position of the actuator, and input the motion parameters and commands of the six-axis servo mechanism into the numerical control system of the six-degree-of-freedom actuator 1 .

(5) Start the device. Under the control of the numerical control system, start the water pump 5 to supply liquid, the protective gas pump 11 to start, the induction power supply 3 to start, the laser power supply 2 to start, and the servo motors of the six-degree-of-freedom actuator 1 to start moving, step by step. Complete the heating and cladding process at each point on the surface until the path of the laser induction heater continuously covers the entire treated surface.

The invention provides a laser induction synchronous cladding method for remanufacturing metal parts. The method realizes the advantages of laser induction synchronous cladding, and uses a complex space surface cladding device, according to the material variety of the processed parts and the expected performance, Laser induction synchronous cladding additive manufacturing on the surface of parts is realized by point-type continuous movement, which is especially suitable for failure repair of complex surfaces of large molds.

The above is the general implementation process of the present invention. It should be pointed out that without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, improvements and deformations can also be made. The improvement and deformation of the above assumptions should also be regarded as protection of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser synchronization cladding apparatus remanufactured for metal parts, including six degree of freedom executing agency, Laser, electromagnetic induction heater, duster and workbench, it is characterised in that: the workbench is for placing work to be processed Part, the duster are used to spray metal powder toward workpiece surface to be processed, and the laser is installed on six degree of freedom execution The end of mechanism, the laser carry out cladding to workpiece surface metal powder on workbench is placed in for generating superlaser, The electromagnetic induction heater includes induction coil and the induction power supply to induction coil power supply, and the induction coil is using hollow Metal tube is made, and cooling water is led in hollow metal tube and is cooled down, and the induction coil is installed below laser, in work Part surface metal powder generates vortex electricity and carries out auxiliary cladding.

2. the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the induction coil is by rectangular Copper pipe is made, and rectangular copper pipe forms induction coil around one circle of city in bottom, and a circle of rectangular copper pipe bottom is equipped with to be passed through for laser Channel.

3. the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the rectangular copper pipe passes through solid Determine copper sheet and be fixedly mounted on laser bottom, the fixed copper on piece is equipped with the protection tracheae for blowing high pressure gas to laser, protects Protect another termination high-pressure air source of tracheae or protection air pump.

4. the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the workbench be numerical control from Dynamic roll-over table.

5. the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the induction coil bottom is set There is the U-shaped iron core of poly- magnetic, is equipped with the aperture passed through for laser in the middle part of the U-shaped iron core.

6. the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the U-shaped iron core is by zinc-manganese Alloy material is made.

7. a kind of electromagnetism for carrying out metal parts reconstruction using the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser described in claim 1 is auxiliary Help laser synchronization cladding method, which comprises the following steps:

Workpiece to be repaired is placed in workbench by step 1；

Step 2, the metal powder for spraying reparation in workpiece surface to be repaired using duster；

Step 3, starting laser and electromagnetic induction heater drive laser and electromagnetic induction using six degree of freedom executing agency Heater is mobile to carry out cladding reparation to workpiece surface metal powder；

After step 4, cladding, grinding process is carried out after workpiece is cooling, completes metal parts reconstruction.

8. the electromagnetism auxiliary laser that the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as described in claim 7 carries out metal parts reconstruction Synchronous cladding method, it is characterised in that: the induction coil is made of rectangular copper pipe, in step 3 in cladding process, rectangular Lead to cooling water in copper pipe, prevents rectangular copper pipe from overheating.

9. the electromagnetism auxiliary laser that the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as described in claim 7 carries out metal parts reconstruction Synchronous cladding method, it is characterised in that: in step 3 cladding process, the setting protection tracheae below laser, in protection tracheae Other end setting protection air pump blows away splash using protection air pump supply high pressure gas to protect laser lens.

10. the electromagnetism auxiliary that the synchronous cladding apparatus of electromagnetism auxiliary laser as described in claim 7 carries out metal parts reconstruction swashs Phototiming cladding method, it is characterised in that: in step 3 cladding process, first pass through electromagnetic induction heater and workpiece is carried out in advance Heat keeps stable preheating temperature, then carries out cladding using laser.