TWI589583B - 二烷膦酸與烷膦酸之混合物,彼之製法與應用 - Google Patents
二烷膦酸與烷膦酸之混合物,彼之製法與應用 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI589583B TWI589583B TW101142472A TW101142472A TWI589583B TW I589583 B TWI589583 B TW I589583B TW 101142472 A TW101142472 A TW 101142472A TW 101142472 A TW101142472 A TW 101142472A TW I589583 B TWI589583 B TW I589583B
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FDJZNXLKZOXHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O FDJZNXLKZOXHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- QVJYHZQHDMNONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 QVJYHZQHDMNONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OXIACMHTSQNJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O.N1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1N OXIACMHTSQNJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004663 bisphosphonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLOYJEGLPVCRAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PLOYJEGLPVCRAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FACXGONDLDSNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCP(O)(O)=O UOKRBSXOBUKDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- DHZSIQDUYCWNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;1,1-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC=C.ClC(Cl)=C DHZSIQDUYCWNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(=O)OC=C HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YWJUZWOHLHBWQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedioic acid;hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWJUZWOHLHBWQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZZJVOCVAZHETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylphosphane Chemical compound CCPCC VZZJVOCVAZHETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMUCVNSKULGPQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedioic acid;hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZMUCVNSKULGPQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005561 epichlorohydrin homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical group C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEOHFIFWFUSTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(pentyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCPCC AEOHFIFWFUSTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJMXTKWWWHTHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-[ethyl(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxyphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)CC RJMXTKWWWHTHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003692 gamma aminobutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004968 halobutyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXKAIJAYHKCRRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N l-lyxonate Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O QXKAIJAYHKCRRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- NYBDEQVBEYXMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-enoate;5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienenitrile Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C.N#CC=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NYBDEQVBEYXMHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O NJGCRMAPOWGWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001627 poly(4-methyl styrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003251 poly(α-methylstyrene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001692 polycarbonate urethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000232 polyglycine polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005996 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWJZFGOFYNPABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CC=C.C=CC#N NWJZFGOFYNPABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
- C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/301—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
- C07F9/3808—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種至少一種二烷膦酸與至少一種烷膦酸之混合物,彼之製法與應用。
在各種裝置(例如,電腦、相機、行動電話、LCD和TFT螢幕及其他電子裝置)中逐漸提高使用度的印刷電路板之製造時,尋求使用不同材料,特別是聚合物。這些特別包括熱固物、玻璃纖維強化的熱固物和熱塑物。由於環氧樹脂的良好性質,所以彼等特別常被使用。
根據相關標準(IPC-4101,Specification for Base Materials for Rigid and Multilayer Printed Boards),這些印刷電路板必須被賦予阻燃性。
印刷電路板在其製造期間內的熱膨脹是一個問題。印刷電路板的電子產品製造商的條件要求印刷電路板耐受高熱應力且未受損或變形。導電跡線(無鉛焊料)施於印刷電路板係於高至約260℃的溫度進行。
因此,重要的是,印刷電路板於熱應力下不捲曲且產品維持尺寸安定。
特別是,即使在預浸物(“預浸滲的纖維”的簡稱)和積層物的情況中發現熱膨脹顯著,因為這些預浸物和積層物構成印刷電路板的初步形式或先質。
因此,重要的是,儘量降低試樣的熱膨脹以得到良好
之尺寸安定的產物(例如經加工的印刷電路板)。
因此,本發明的目的係對用於預浸物、印刷電路板和積層物的聚合物予以修飾,使得它們的熱膨脹僅極低(若有的話)並滿足尺寸安定性。
藉一種由至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸所成混合物達到此目的
其中R1,R2 相同或不同且各自獨立地為C1-C18-烷基、C2-C18-烯基、C6-C18-芳基、C7-C18-烷芳基,
其中R3 是C1-C18-烷基、C2-C18-烯基、C6-C18-芳基或C7-C18-烷芳基;
較佳地,R1和R2相同或不同且各自為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、正己基、異己基和/或苯基;R3與R1和R2無關地為甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、三級丁基、正戊基、異戊基、正己基、異己基和/或苯基。
該混合物較佳地包含0.1至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和99.9至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
該混合物更佳地包含40至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和60至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
更特別地,該混合物包含60至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和40至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
較佳地,該混合物亦包含80至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和20至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
亦較佳的混合物包含90至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和10至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
特別佳地,該混合物包含95至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和5至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
特別有利的混合物包含98至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和2至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
較佳地,該二烷膦酸係二乙基膦酸、乙基丙基膦酸、乙基丁基膦酸、乙基戊基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、二丙基膦酸、丙基丁基膦酸、丙基戊基膦酸、丙基己基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、丁基戊基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、二戊基膦酸、戊基己基膦酸和/或二己基膦酸;而該烷膦酸係乙膦酸、丙
膦酸、丁膦酸、戊膦酸或己膦酸。
特別佳的混合物包含98至99.9重量%的二乙膦酸和0.1至2重量%的乙膦酸。
該混合物較佳地另包含至少一種增效劑。
該增效劑較佳地包含蜜勒胺(melem)、蜜白胺(melam)、三聚二氰亞胺(melon)、三聚氰胺(melamine)硼酸鹽、三聚氰胺三聚氰酸鹽、三聚氰胺磷酸鹽、二三聚氰胺磷酸鹽、五三聚氰胺三磷酸鹽、三三聚氰胺二磷酸鹽、肆三聚氰胺三磷酸鹽、陸三聚氰胺五磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺二磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺四磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺焦磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺聚磷酸鹽、蜜白胺聚磷酸鹽、蜜勒聚磷酸鹽和/或三聚二氰亞胺聚磷酸鹽;鋁化合物、鎂化合物、錫化合物、銻化合物、鋅化合物、矽化合物、磷化合物、碳二亞胺、膦氮烯(phosphazene)、哌、哌(焦)磷酸鹽、(聚)異氰酸酯和/或苯乙烯-丙烯酸系聚合物。
該增效劑較佳地亦包含氫氧化鋁、多水高嶺土(halloysite)、藍寶石產物、水鋁土(boehmite)、奈水鋁土(nanoboehmite);氫氧化鎂;氧化銻;氧化錫;氧化鋅、氫氧化鋅、氧化鋅水合物、碳酸鋅、錫酸鋅、羥基錫酸鋅、矽酸鋅、磷酸鋅、硼磷酸鋅、硼酸鋅和/或鉬酸鋅;膦酸和彼等的鹽類、膦酸和彼等之鹽和/或膦氧化物;羰基雙己內醯胺;得自參(羥乙基)三聚異氰酸鹽與芳族多羧酸的低聚酯之氮化合物、或苯并胍胺、乙醯胍
胺、參(羥乙基)三聚異氰酸酯、乙內醯脲(allantoin)、甘脲(glycoluril)、三聚氰酸鹽、三聚氰酸鹽-環氧化物化合物、脲三聚氰酸脲、二氰醯胺、胍、胍磷酸鹽和/或硫酸鹽。
該混合物較佳地包含99至1重量%如申請專利範圍第1至11項中之至少一項之式(I)的二烷膦酸和式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物及1至99重量%增效劑。
本發明亦係關於一種製造如申請專利範圍第1至11項中之至少一項之混合物之方法,其包含令磷來源與烯和自由基引發劑反應及,在添加無機酸和處理之後,將其轉化成式(I)的二烷膦酸與式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物。
較佳地,該磷來源係次磷酸鈉,該烯係乙烯而該無機酸係硫酸。
較佳地,次磷酸鈉溶液與乙烯反應得到二乙膦酸鹽,其之後藉由與硫酸、硝酸、氫氯酸和/或乙酸反應而轉化及之後濃縮,過濾和蒸餾成二乙膦酸與乙膦酸之混合物。
該反應溫度較佳地介於50和150℃之間。
本發明亦係關於如申請專利範圍第1至11項中之至少一項之混合物之用途,其作為用於進一步合成的中間產物,作為黏合劑,在環氧樹脂、聚胺甲酸酯和不飽和的聚酯樹脂之固化中作為交聯劑或加速劑,作為聚合物安定劑,作為作物保護組成物,作為螯合劑,作為礦油添加劑,作為抗腐蝕劑,用於清洗和清潔組成物應用及用於電子應用。
本發明另係關於如申請專利範圍第1至13項中之至少一項之至少一種式(I)二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)烷膦酸混合物之用途,其作為阻燃劑,特別是作為透明塗層和泡脹塗層的阻燃劑,作為木材和其他纖維素產品的阻燃劑,作為聚合物的反應性和/或非反應性阻燃劑,用以製造阻燃性聚合物模製組成物,用以製造阻燃性聚合物模製物和/或用以藉由浸滲而賦予聚酯及純和摻合的纖維素織品阻燃性,及作為增效劑。
本發明亦係關於一種阻燃性熱塑性或熱固性聚合物模製組成物或聚合物模製物、膜、纖絲和纖維,其包含0.5至45重量%如申請專利範圍第1至13項中之至少一項之混合物、55至99.5重量%熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或彼等之混合物、0至55重量%添加劑和0至55重量%填料或強化材料,其中組份的和為100重量%。
本發明最後係關於一種阻燃性熱塑性或熱固性聚合物模製組成物或聚合物模製物、膜、纖絲和纖維,其包含1至30重量%如申請專利範圍第1至13項中之至少一項之混合物、10至95重量%熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或彼等之混合物、2至30重量%添加劑和2至30重量%填料或強化材料,其中組份的和為100重量%。
較佳之至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之二組份混合物由以下者所構成:二乙膦酸和乙膦酸,二乙膦酸和丙膦酸,
二乙膦酸和丁膦酸,二乙膦酸和戊膦酸,二乙膦酸和己膦酸,乙基丙基膦酸和乙膦酸,乙基丙基膦酸和丙膦酸,乙基丙基膦酸和丁膦酸,乙基丙基膦酸和戊膦酸,乙基丙基膦酸和己膦酸,乙基丁基膦酸和乙膦酸,乙基丁基膦酸和丙膦酸,乙基丁基膦酸和丁膦酸,乙基丁基膦酸和戊膦酸,乙基丁基膦酸和己膦酸,乙基戊基膦酸和乙膦酸,乙基戊基膦酸和丙膦酸,乙基戊基膦酸和丁膦酸,乙基戊基膦酸和戊膦酸,乙基戊基膦酸和己膦酸,乙基己基膦酸和乙膦酸,乙基己基膦酸和丙膦酸,乙基己基膦酸和丁膦酸,乙基己基膦酸和戊膦酸,乙基己基膦酸和己膦酸,二丙膦酸和乙膦酸,
二丙膦酸和丙膦酸,二丙膦酸和丁膦酸,二丙膦酸和戊膦酸,二丙膦酸和己膦酸,丙基丁基膦酸和乙膦酸,丙基丁基膦酸和丙膦酸,丙基丁基膦酸和丁膦酸,丙基丁基膦酸和戊膦酸,丙基丁基膦酸和己膦酸,丙基戊基膦酸和乙膦酸,丙基戊基膦酸和丙膦酸,丙基戊基膦酸和丁膦酸,丙基戊基膦酸和戊膦酸,丙基戊基膦酸和己膦酸,丙基己基膦酸和乙膦酸,丙基己基膦酸和丙膦酸,丙基己基膦酸和丁膦酸,丙基己基膦酸和戊膦酸,丙基己基膦酸和己膦酸,二丁膦酸和乙膦酸,二丁膦酸和丙膦酸,二丁膦酸和丁膦酸,二丁膦酸和戊膦酸,二丁膦酸和己膦酸,
丁基戊基膦酸和乙膦酸,丁基戊基膦酸和丙膦酸,丁基戊基膦酸和丁膦酸,丁基戊基膦酸和戊膦酸,丁基戊基膦酸和己膦酸,丁基己基膦酸和乙膦酸,丁基己基膦酸和丙膦酸,丁基己基膦酸和丁膦酸,丁基己基膦酸和戊膦酸,丁基己基膦酸和己膦酸,二戊膦酸和乙膦酸,二戊膦酸和丙膦酸,二戊膦酸和丁膦酸,二戊膦酸和戊膦酸,二戊膦酸和己膦酸,戊基己基膦酸和乙膦酸,戊基己基膦酸和丙膦酸,戊基己基膦酸和丁膦酸,戊基己基膦酸和戊膦酸,戊基己基膦酸和己膦酸,二己膦酸和乙膦酸,二己膦酸和丙膦酸,二己膦酸和丁膦酸,二己膦酸和戊膦酸,
二己膦酸和己膦酸。
此外,亦可能為三組份混合物,例如二乙膦酸和乙膦酸及丁膦酸,二乙膦酸和丁基乙基膦酸和丁膦酸,或四組份混合物,例如二乙膦酸和辛膦酸和丁膦酸和丁基乙基膦酸及乙膦酸,及其他多組份混合物。
更佳地,R1和R2相同或不同且各自為乙基和/或丁基,而R3是乙基或丁基。
本發明特別含括由98至99.9重量%二乙膦酸和2至0.1重量%乙膦酸所組成之混合物。
該增效劑較佳地為至少一種膨脹中和物質。膨脹中和物質防止聚合物膨脹或將膨脹降至極低值。
具有一或多種增效劑的較佳混合物包含50至99重量%至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物和1至50重量%增效劑。
較佳地,本發明之至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物藉由混入聚合物系統中的方式處理。
該混合藉捏和、分散和/或壓出進行。
亦較佳之處理本發明之至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物的方式係藉添加摻入聚合物系統中。
特別佳地,本發明之至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物藉反應性摻入聚合物系統中。此反應性摻入之特徵在於所得至聚合物系統的聚
合物壓出物之永久結合,因此本發明之至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物無法自聚合物瀝濾出來。
本發明之至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物可與其他阻燃劑和其他增效劑一起使用。該其他阻燃劑包括,例如,磷化合物,如二烷膦酸鹽(phosphinate)、烷膦酸鹽(phosphonate)、磷酸鹽、烷膦酸(phosphonic acid)、二烷膦酸(phosphinic acid)、磷酸、膦、膦氧化物、磷氧化物和其他者。
用於阻燃性聚合物模製組成物和聚合物模製物之適當的聚合物添加劑為UV吸收劑、光安定劑、潤滑劑、著色劑、抗靜電劑、成核劑、填料、增效劑、強化劑和其他者。
該聚合物系統較佳地源自於熱塑性聚合物,如聚醯胺、聚酯或聚苯乙烯和/或熱固性聚合物。
該熱固性聚合物較佳地為環氧樹脂。
該熱固性聚合物更佳地為經酚和/或雙氰胺[更常為:酚衍生物(松香);醇和胺],特別是酚衍生物和雙氰胺,固化的環氧樹脂。
該熱固性聚合物更佳地為經酚和/或雙氰胺和/或觸媒固化的環氧樹脂。
該觸媒較佳地為咪唑化合物。
該環氧樹脂較佳地為聚環氧化合物。
該環氧樹脂較佳地源自於清漆和雙酚A樹脂。
根據本發明可用之聚合物係熱固性和熱塑性聚合物。
該聚合物較佳地為單-和二烯烴之聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚異丁烯、聚丁烯-1、聚-4-甲基戊烯-1、聚異戊二烯(polyisoprene)或聚丁二烯,及環烯烴(例如環戊烯或降冰片烯(norborene))的加成聚合物;及聚乙烯(其可任意地經交聯),如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、直鏈低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、支鏈低密度聚乙烯(BLDPE)、和彼等之混合物。
該聚合物較佳地為單-和二烯烴彼此或與其他乙烯基單體之共聚物,例如乙烯-丙烯共聚物、直鏈低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和彼等與低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)之混合物、丙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、丙烯-異丁烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、乙烯-甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯-庚烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、丙烯-丁二烯共聚物、異丁烯-異戊二烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物及彼等與一氧化碳之共聚物、或乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和彼等的鹽(離子聚合物)、及乙烯與丙烯和二烯(如己二烯、二環戊二烯或亞乙基降冰片烯)的三聚物;及此共聚物彼此之混合物,如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LLDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和交替或無
規聚烯烴(polyalkylene)/一氧化碳共聚物和彼等與其他聚合物(例如聚醯胺)之混合物。
該聚合物較佳地為烴樹脂(如C5-C9),包括彼等之氫化的改質物(如發黏樹脂)及聚亞烴和澱粉之混合物。
該聚合物較佳地為聚苯乙烯(Polystyrol® 143E(BASF))、聚(對-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
該聚合物較佳地為苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯與二烯或丙烯酸系衍生物之共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯-順丁烯二酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯;苯乙烯共聚物和其他聚合物(例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-二烯三聚物)之更耐衝擊的混合物;及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
該聚合物亦較佳地為苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯於聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯於聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和順丁烯二酸酐於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和順丁烯二酸酐或順丁二烯醯亞胺於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和順丁二烯醯亞胺於聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷酯或甲基丙烯酸烷酯於聚丁二烯上、苯乙
烯和丙烯腈於乙烯-丙烯-二烯三聚物上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈於聚丙烯酸烷酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷酯上、苯乙烯和丙烯腈於丙烯酸酯-丁二烯共聚物上、及彼等之混合物,其被稱為,例如,ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物。
該苯乙烯聚合物較佳地為相對粗孔泡沫,如EPS(膨脹的聚苯乙烯),如Styropor(BASF)和/或具相對小孔的泡沫,如XPS(擠出的剛性聚苯乙烯泡沫),如Styrodur®(BASF)。較佳者係聚苯乙烯泡沫,例如Austrotherm® XPS、Styrofoam®(Dow Chemical)、Floormate®、Jackodur®、Lustron®、Roofmate®、Sagex®和Telgopor®。
該聚合物較佳地為經鹵化的聚合物,例如聚氯平(polychloroprene)、氯橡膠、異丁烯-異戊二烯之氯化和溴化的共聚物(鹵丁基橡膠)、氯化或氯磺酸化的聚乙烯、乙烯和氯化的乙烯之共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,特別是鹵化的乙烯基化合物之聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、偏二氟乙烯;和彼等之共聚物,如氯乙烯-偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或偏二氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯。
該聚合物較佳地為自α,β-不飽和酸和彼等之衍生物衍生者,如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯醯胺和衝擊性經丙烯酸丁酯改質的聚丙烯腈、及所述單體彼此或與其他不飽和單體之共聚物(例如丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、丙烯腈-丙
烯酸烷氧基烷酯共聚物、丙烯腈-鹵乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸烷酯-丁二烯三聚物)。
該聚合物較佳地為自不飽和醇和胺衍生者或彼等的醯基衍生物或縮醛,如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸酯、苯甲酸酯或順丁烯二酸酯、聚乙烯基丁縮醛、聚酞酸烯丙酯、聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;及彼等與烯烴之共聚物。
該聚合物較佳地為環狀醚的均-和共聚物,如聚烷二醇、聚環氧乙烷、聚環氧丙烷或彼等與雙環氧丙醚之共聚物。
該聚合物較佳地為聚縮醛,如聚甲醛,和含有共聚單體(例如環氧乙烷)的聚甲醛;經熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改質的聚縮醛。
該聚合物較佳地為聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚及彼等與苯乙烯聚合物或聚醯胺之混合物。
該聚合物較佳地為自具有兩個末端羥基的聚醚、聚酯和聚丁二烯及脂族或芳族聚異氰酸酯和彼等的先質衍生的聚胺甲酸酯。
該聚合物較佳地為聚醯胺和共聚醯胺,其衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自胺基羧酸或對應的內醯胺,如尼龍2/12、尼龍4(聚-4-胺基丁酸、Nylon® 4,得自DuPont)、尼龍4/6(聚(伸丁基己二醯二胺),Nylon® 4/6,得自DuPont)、尼龍6(聚己內醯胺,聚-6-胺基己酸,Nylon® 6,得
自DuPont,Akulon K122,得自DSM;Zytel® 7301,得自DuPont;Durethan® B 29,得自Bayer)、尼龍6/6(聚(N,N’-伸己基己二醯胺),Nylon® 6/6,得自DuPont,Zytel® 101,得自DuPont;Durethan A30、Durethan® AKV、Durethan® AM,得自Bayer;Ultramid® A3,得自BASF)、尼龍6/9(聚(伸己基壬醯胺),Nylon® 6/9,得自DuPont)、尼龍6/10(聚(伸己基癸二醯胺)、Nylon® 6/10,得自DuPont)、尼龍6/12(聚(伸己基十二烷二醯胺),Nylon® 6/12,得自DuPont)、尼龍6/66(聚(伸己基癸二醯胺-共-己內醯胺),Nylon® 6/66,得自DuPont)、尼龍7(聚-7-胺基庚酸,Nylon® 7,得自DuPont)、尼龍7,7(聚伸庚基庚二醯胺,Nylon® 7,7,得自DuPont)、尼龍8(聚-8-胺基辛酸,Nylon® 8,得自DuPont)、尼龍8,8(聚伸辛基辛二醯胺,Nylon® 8,8,得自DuPont)、尼龍9(聚-9-胺基壬酸,Nylon® 9,得自DuPont)、尼龍9,9(聚伸壬基壬二醯胺,Nylon® 9,9,得自DuPont)、尼龍10(聚-10-胺基癸酸,Nylon® 10,得自
DuPont)、尼龍10,9(聚(伸癸基癸二醯胺),Nylon® 10,9,得自DuPont)、尼龍10,10(聚伸癸基癸二醯胺,Nylon® 10,10,得自DuPont)、尼龍11(聚-11-胺基十一烷酸,Nylon® 11,得自DuPont)、尼龍12(聚月桂基內醯胺,Nylon® 12,得自DuPont,Grillamid® L20,得自Ems Chemie)、出於間-二甲苯、二胺和己二酸的芳族聚醯胺;製自己二胺和異酞酸和/或對酞酸的聚醯胺(聚伸己基異酞醯胺、聚伸己基對酞醯胺)和任意地彈性體作為改質劑(如聚-2,4,4-三甲基伸己基對酞醯胺或聚-間-伸苯基異酞醯胺)之聚醯胺。前述聚醯胺與聚烯烴之嵌段共聚物、烯烴共聚物、離聚物或化學鍵結的或接枝的彈性體;或與聚醚(例如與聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇)之嵌段共聚物。此外,經EPDM(乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠)或ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)改質的聚醯胺或共聚醯胺;和在加工期間縮合的聚醯胺(“RIM聚醯胺系統”)。
該聚合物較佳地為聚脲、聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚醚醯亞胺、聚酯醯亞胺、聚尿囊素和聚苯并咪唑。
該聚合物較佳地為自二羧酸和二醇和/或自羥基羧酸或對應的內酯衍生的聚酯,如聚對酞酸乙二酯、聚對酞酸丁二酯(Celanex® 2500,Celanex® 2002,得自Celanese;
Ultradur®,得自BASF)、聚-1,4-二羥甲基環己烷對酞酸酯、聚羥基苯甲酸酯,和自具有羥基末端基團的聚醚衍生的嵌段聚醚酯;及經聚碳酸酯或MBS改質的聚酯。
該聚合物較佳地為聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
該聚合物較佳地為聚碸、聚醚碸和聚醚酮。
較佳地,該聚合物係交聯聚合物,其一方面衍生自醛,而另一方面衍生自酚、脲或三聚氰胺,如酚-甲醛、脲-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂。
該聚合物較佳地為乾燥和非乾燥的醇酸樹脂。
該聚合物較佳地為不飽和聚酯樹脂,其衍生自飽和和不飽和二羧酸與多羥基醇的共聚酯,且乙烯基化合物作為交聯劑,亦為彼等之經鹵化的阻燃改質物。
該聚合物較佳地包含可交聯的丙烯酸系樹脂,其衍生自經取代的丙烯酸系酯類,例如衍生自環氧基丙烯酸酯、胺甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
較佳地,該聚合物為醇酸樹脂、聚酯樹脂和丙烯酸酯樹脂,彼等經三聚氰胺樹脂、脲樹脂、異氰酸酯、三聚異氰酸酯、聚異氰酸酯或環氧樹脂交聯。
該聚合物較佳地為經交聯的環氧樹脂,其衍生自脂族、環脂族、雜環狀或芳族環氧丙基化合物,例如雙酚A二環氧丙醚、雙酚F二環氧丙醚的產物,其經慣用硬化劑(例如酐或胺)有或無加速劑地交聯。
該聚合物較佳地為前述聚合物之混合物(聚摻合物),例如,PP/EPDM(聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠)、
聚醯胺/EPDM或ABS(聚醯胺/乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡膠或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PVC/EVA(聚氯乙烯/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)、PVC/ABS(聚氯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PVC/MBS(聚氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PBTP/ABS(聚對酞酸丁二酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC/ASA(聚碳酸酯/丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈)、PC/PBT(聚碳酸酯/聚對酞酸丁二酯)、PVC/CPE(聚氯乙烯/氯化的聚乙烯)、PVC/丙烯酸酯(聚氯乙烯/丙烯酸酯)、POM/熱塑性PUR(聚甲醛/熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯)、PC/熱塑性PUR(聚碳酸酯/熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯)、POM/丙烯酸酯(聚甲醛/丙烯酸酯)、POM/MBS(聚甲醛/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PPO/HIPS(聚苯醚/高衝擊性聚苯乙烯)、PPO/PA 6,6(聚苯醚/尼龍6,6)和共聚物、PA/HDPE(聚醯胺/高密度聚乙烯)、PA/PP(聚醯胺/聚乙烯)、PA/PPO(聚醯胺/聚苯醚)、PBT/PC/ABS(聚對酞酸丁二酯/聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)和/或PBT/PET/PC(聚對酞酸丁二酯/聚對酞酸乙二酯/聚碳酸酯)。該聚合物可以為可雷射標記。
所製得的模製物較佳地為具有規則或不規則底的長方形、或立方形、似立方形、墊形或稜柱形。
阻燃性聚合物模製組成物及阻燃性聚合物模製物之製造、加工和測試
阻燃劑組份與聚合物粒和任何添加劑混合並在雙螺桿
壓出機(型號:Leistritz LSM® 30/34)中於溫度230至260℃(PBT-GR)或260至280℃(PA 66-GR)摻合。排放均質化的聚合物條,在水浴中冷卻並於之後粒化。
充分乾燥之後,模製組成物在射出模製機(型號:Aarburg Allrounder)上於溫度為240至270℃(PBT-GR)或260至290℃(PA 66-GR)加工以得到試樣。使用UL 94試驗(Underwriter Laboratories)測試試樣的阻燃性並分級。
各混合物的試樣以1.5毫米厚度的試樣進行UL 94燃燒分級(Underwriter Laboratories)。
UL 94燃燒分級如下:
V-0:火燄施用終了之後,續燃時間(afterflame time)不曾超過10秒,10次施燄的總續燃時間不超過50秒,沒有火燄掉落,試樣未完全耗盡,試樣的餘燼時間(afterglow time)不曾超過30秒。
V-1:火燄施用終了之後,續燃時間不曾超過30秒,10次施燄的總續燃時間不超過250秒,火燄施用終了之後,試樣的餘燼時間不曾超過60秒,其他標準如同V-0。
V-2:棉指示劑被掉落的火燄點燃,其他標準如同V-1
無法分級(ncl):無法符合V-2等級。
用於檢驗的一些樣品亦測定LOI。LOI(限氧指數)係根據ISO 4589測定。根據ISO 4589,LOI對應於聚合
物在氧和氮之混合物中仍燃燒的最低氧濃度(以體積%表示)。LOI越高,則所測試材料的不可燃性越高。
LOI 23 可燃
LOI 24-28 可燃性有限
LOI 29-35 阻燃
LOI>36 特別阻燃
所用化學品和縮寫:
酚清漆:Bakelite® PF 0790,得自Hexion
藉以下的實例說明本發明。
首先,根據EP-B-1544205的實例2,藉以下方式製得二乙膦酸的鈉鹽:將1500克次磷酸一水合物溶於7.5公斤水中,反應混合物加熱至100℃之後,將乙烯引至反應器中直到飽和。在乙烯壓力下,引入17克過氧基二硫酸鈉於300克水中之溶液。此得到二乙膦酸的鈉鹽之含水反應溶液,其藉由以硝酸處理而轉化,濃縮,過濾和蒸餾(1毫巴,184℃)為二乙膦酸(99.9重量%)和乙膦酸(0.1重量%)之混合物(產率:92%)。
首先,如同實例1,製得二乙膦酸的鈉鹽之含水反應溶液。此之後藉由以硝酸處理而轉化,濃縮,過濾和蒸餾(1毫巴,180-190℃)為二乙膦酸(98重量%)和乙膦酸
(2重量%)之混合物(產率:92%)。
首先,如同實例1,製得二乙膦酸的鈉鹽之含水反應溶液,但僅使用95%所需乙烯量。此溶液之後藉由以硝酸處理而轉化,濃縮,過濾和蒸餾(1毫巴,180-190℃)為二乙膦酸(90重量%)和乙膦酸(10重量%)之混合物(產率:89%)。
首先,如同實例1,製得二乙膦酸的鈉鹽之含水反應溶液,但僅使用80%所需乙烯量。此溶液之後藉由以硝酸處理而轉化,濃縮,過濾和蒸餾(1毫巴,175-195℃)為二乙膦酸(60重量%)和乙膦酸(40重量%)之混合物(產率:93%)。
首先,如同實例1,製得二乙膦酸的鈉鹽之含水反應溶液,但僅使用75%所需乙烯量。此溶液之後藉由以硝酸處理而轉化,濃縮,過濾和蒸餾(1毫巴,175-195℃)為二乙膦酸(50重量%)和乙膦酸(50重量%)之混合物(產率:92%)。
製造聚合物模製物之方法:
a)經磷改質的環氧樹脂之製造
初時將1000克環氧樹脂(如Beckopox EP 140)引至2升五頸瓶設備中。加熱至110℃ 1小時並於減低壓力下移除揮發性組份。
之後,反應混合物以氮加以惰性化並將瓶中的溫度提高至170℃。各情況中,添加118克磷化合物之混合物(選自實例1至5),同時在流動的氮下攪拌,觀察到放熱反應。所得樹脂為黃色並可自由流動。
b)環氧樹脂試樣之製造
100份經磷改質的環氧樹脂與酚清漆以對應的OH當量(氫氧化物當量105克/莫耳,熔點85-95℃)混合並加熱至150℃。此液化該等組份。逐漸攪拌此混合物直到形成均勻混合物並使其冷卻至130℃。之後,添加0.03份2-苯基咪唑且此混合物再度攪拌5-10分鐘。之後,混合物於溫熱時倒入碟中並於140℃固化2小時及於200℃固化2小時。
c)環氧樹脂積層物之製造
相對於b)為100份經磷改質的環氧樹脂加至63份丙酮和27份Dowanol®PM中,並添加適當量的酚樹脂。此混合物攪拌30分鐘並於之後添加2-苯基咪唑。之後,混合物濾經400微米篩網以移除過量的樹脂粒。之後,梭織玻璃織物(7628型,203克/平方米)浸入溶液中,直到
織物完全潤濕。自該混合物拉出經潤濕的織物並移除過量的樹脂。之後,經潤濕的織物分階段地先在乾燥箱中於溫度高至165℃短時間初步固化及之後在受熱的加壓機中完全固化。經固化的積層物的樹脂含量為30-50%。
根據ASTM E831-06測定製得之模製物(積層物)之熱膨脹。
根據製造聚合物模製物之一般方法,使用100%雙酚A樹脂製造積層物,無本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物成分。
根據EP-B-1544205的實例3,將1500克次磷酸一水合物溶於7.5公斤水中,反應混合物加熱至100℃之後,將乙烯引至反應器中直到飽和。在乙烯壓力下,引入32克過氧基二硫酸銨於300克水中之溶液。所得產物之後以等量的硫酸中和而轉化成二乙膦酸並經適當純化。根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%前述二乙膦酸所構成之組成物製造模製物。
根據EP-A-2178891,藉由觸媒和乙烯,以膦酸得到
乙膦酸,其藉酯化反應和蒸餾而純化。以氧進行的後續氧化反應提供純的乙膦酸。根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%所得乙膦酸所構成之組成物製造模製物。
根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%根據實例1之本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物所構成之組成物製造模製物。
根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%根據實例2之本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物所構成之組成物製造模製物。
根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%根據實例3之本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物所構成之組成物製造模製物。
根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%根據實例4之本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物所構成之組成物製造模製物。
根據製造聚合物模製物的一般方法,使用由90重量%具硬化劑和觸媒的雙酚A樹脂和10重量%根據實例5之本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物所構成之組成物製造模製物。
所得結果示於表中:
相較於純積層物(實例6),包含本發明之二乙膦酸和乙膦酸之混合物的積層物之值降低;熱膨脹因此極低。
乙膦酸含量提高可獲進一步改良。
相較於以前技術(實例6),本發明之混合物的熱膨脹係數值較低,意謂本發明之產物使得所製得的模製物的膨脹較低並因此而符合尺寸安定性的要求。
Claims (23)
- 一種至少一種式(I)的二烷膦酸與至少一種式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物,
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合物,其包含0.1至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和0.1至99.9重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之混合物,其包含40至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和60至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含60至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和40至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含80至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和20至0.1重 量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含90至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和10至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含95至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和5至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含98至99.9重量%式(I)的二烷膦酸和2至0.1重量%式(II)的烷膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其中該二烷膦酸係二乙基膦酸、乙基丙基膦酸、乙基丁基膦酸、乙基戊基膦酸、乙基己基膦酸、二丙基膦酸、丙基丁基膦酸、丙基戊基膦酸、丙基己基膦酸、二丁基膦酸、丁基戊基膦酸、丁基己基膦酸、二戊基膦酸、戊基己基膦酸和/或二己基膦酸;而該烷膦酸係乙膦酸、丙膦酸、丁膦酸、戊膦酸或己膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含98至99.9重量%的的二乙膦酸和0.1至2重量%的乙膦酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其另包含至少一種增效劑,該增效劑為蜜勒胺(melem)、蜜白胺(melam)、三聚二氰亞胺(melon)、三聚氰胺(melamine)硼酸鹽、三聚氰胺三聚氰酸鹽、三聚氰胺磷酸 鹽、二三聚氰胺磷酸鹽、五三聚氰胺三磷酸鹽、三三聚氰胺二磷酸鹽、肆三聚氰胺三磷酸鹽、陸三聚氰胺五磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺二磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺四磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺焦磷酸鹽、三聚氰胺聚磷酸鹽、蜜白胺聚磷酸鹽、蜜勒聚磷酸鹽和/或三聚二氰亞胺聚磷酸鹽;得自參(羥乙基)三聚異氰酸鹽與芳族多羧酸的低聚酯之氮化合物、或苯并胍胺、乙醯胍胺、參(羥乙基)三聚異氰酸酯、乙內醯脲(allantoin)、甘脲(glycoluril)、三聚氰酸鹽、三聚氰酸鹽-環氧化物化合物、脲三聚氰酸脲、二氰醯胺、胍、胍磷酸鹽和/或硫酸鹽;鋁化合物、鎂化合物、錫化合物、銻化合物、鋅化合物、矽化合物、磷化合物、碳二亞胺、膦氮烯(phosphazene)、哌、哌(焦)磷酸鹽、(聚)異氰酸酯和/或苯乙烯-丙烯酸系聚合物;氫氧化鋁、多水高嶺土(halloysite)、藍寶石產物、水鋁土(boehmite)、奈水鋁土(nanoboehmite);氫氧化鎂;氧化銻;氧化錫、氧化鋅;氫氧化鋅、氧化鋅水合物、碳酸鋅、錫酸鋅、羥基錫酸鋅、矽酸鋅、磷酸鋅、硼磷酸鋅、硼酸鋅和/或鉬酸鋅;膦酸和彼等的鹽類、膦酸和彼等之鹽和/或膦氧化物;羰基雙己內醯胺。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之混合物,其包含99至1重量%如申請專利範圍第1至10項中之至少一項之式(I)的二烷膦酸和式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物及1至99重量%增效劑。
- 一種製造如申請專利範圍第1至10項中至少一項之混合物之方法,其包含令磷來源與烯和自由基引發劑反應及,在添加無機酸和處理之後,將其轉化成式(I)的二烷膦酸與式(II)的烷膦酸之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中該磷來源係次磷酸鈉,該烯係乙烯,而該無機酸係硫酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中該磷來源係次磷酸鈉,及次磷酸鈉溶液與乙烯反應得到二乙膦酸鹽,其之後藉由與硫酸、硝酸、氫氯酸和/或乙酸反應而轉化及之後濃縮,過濾和蒸餾成二乙膦酸與乙膦酸之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第13至15項中任一項之方法,其中該反應溫度是50至150℃。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至10項中至少一項之混合物之用途,其在環氧樹脂之固化中作為加速劑,及用於電子應用。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至12項中至少一項之混合物之用途,其作為阻燃劑,用以製造阻燃性聚合物模製組成物,用以製造阻燃性聚合物模製物和/或用以藉由浸滲而賦予聚酯及純和摻合的纖維素織品阻燃性,及作為增效劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項之用途,其中該阻燃劑是作為透明塗層和泡脹塗層的阻燃劑,作為木材和其他纖維素產品的阻燃劑,或是作為聚合物的反應性和/或非反 應性阻燃劑。
- 一種阻燃性聚合物模製組成物,其中,該聚合物為熱塑性或熱固性,其包含0.5至45重量%如申請專利範圍第1至12項中至少一項之混合物、55至99.5重量%熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或彼等之混合物、0至30重量%添加劑和0至30重量%填料或強化材料,其中組份的和為100重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之阻燃性聚合物模製親成物,其包含1至30重量%如申請專利範圍第1至12項中至少一項之混合物、10至95重量%熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或彼等之混合物、2至30重量%添加劑和2至30重量%填料或強化材料,其中組份的和為100重量%。
- 一種阻燃性聚合物模製物,其中,該聚合物模製物為膜、纖絲或纖維,其包含0.5至45重量%如申請專利範圍第1至12項中至少一項之混合物、55至99.5重量%熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或彼等之混合物、0至30重量%添加劑和0至30重量%填料或強化材料,其中組份的和為100重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之阻燃性聚合物模製物,其包含1至30重量%如申請專利範圍第1至12項中至少一項之混合物、10至95重量%熱塑性或熱固性聚合物或彼等之混合物、2至30重量%添加劑和2至30重量%填料或強化材料,其中組份的和為100重量%。
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DE102011120200A1 (de) | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-06 | Clariant International Ltd. | Flammschutzmittel-Mischungen enthaltend Flammschutzmittel und Aluminiumphosphite, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
DE102011120218A1 (de) | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-06 | Clariant International Ltd. | Alkali-Aliminium-Mischphosphite, Verfahren zur ihrer Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
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DE102011121503A1 (de) | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-20 | Clariant International Ltd. | Gemische von Dioshinsäuren und Dialkylphosphinsäuren, ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
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DE102011121900A1 (de) | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Clariant International Ltd. | Gemische von mindestens einer Dialkylphosphinsäure mit mindestens einer anderen, davon unterschiedlichen Dialkylphosphinsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
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